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2016
Transporte a travs de
membranas
Cmo atraviesa la Mb
Difusin simple
Difusin simple,
difusin facilitada,
transporte activo
96
Transporte Pasivo
CHAPTER 4
__
0
j
j = + RT lnC j + Z j F +V j P + m j gh
Chemical driving
force
(a)
J = P (C C
Chemical driving
force
(b)
KD
P=
d
Excess
anions
Excess
cations
98
Transporte Pasivo-Iones
CHAPTER 4
Vm = 50 mV
(a)
zF
J = P C
C
RT
+
Electrical driving force
Potencial electroqumico
1-Potencial qumico: a favor del
gradiente;
2-potencial elctrico: tendencia
de los iones de ser empujados
p a rDetermining
a u n the
l aDirection
d o uof theoElectrochemical
t r o
Driving Force The direction of the electrochemical driving
force acting on an ion
can be potencial
determined using thede
following prodependiendo
del
cedure. To carry it out, we need to know the ions equilibrium
potential (which is given the symbol E for ion X) and the cells
membrana
membrane potential:
X
1.
Vm = 100 mV
(b)
2.
Species
+
++
Vm = 50 mV
(c)
Na+
RT I
ln
zF I
150
-81.2
If5.5
the equilibrium
potential is larger
in magnitude than the
membrane
potential,
1.5
0.0002then the chemical
+119.2 force is larger than the
electrical
force; the
force, therefore, acts in
Cl125
9 electrochemical
-70.3
the same direction as the chemical force. If the membrane potential is larger in magnitude than the equilibrium potential,
then the electrical force is larger than the chemical force; the
electrochemical
force, therefore,
in the
direction as
Because ECl = V (membrane
potential),
no forcesacts
other
thansame
those
the electrical force.
K+
Ca2+
3.
In
Nai+
G = GC + Gm = RT ln + + FE
Nao
Out (sangre)
Energa de la molcula/
in en el interior de la
membrana
Energa de la molcula/in
en el interior de la
membrana en presencia del
ionforo/transportador/canal
Alta
concentracin
Baja
concentracin
#
H+, Na+ anYporter
Anfotericina (poro,
Ergosterol)
Nonactina
(K+, NH3+)
Nistatina (poro;
Ergosterol)
Valinomicina (K+)
Pptido de 15 aa (LyD)
Alta especificidad para metales +1
Transporta 107 cationes por s
Cs+>Rb+>K+>Na+>Li+ (como el tamao y D)
Blanco: C
Azul: N
Rojo: O
H = 2.6 nm
Melitina (abeja)
Cecropina (gusano de seda)
Alameticina (hongo): controlado por
potencial
Regulacin de canales:
Uniporter: GLUT1-Glucosa
1. Vuniporter>>Vdif. Pasiva 2. Las molculas no se insertan en la membrana propiamentedicha (no hay particin). 3. Hay un nmero
definido de transportadores (Vmax, Saturable) 4. El transporte es especfico (Km).
Canales
Las caractersYcas ltrantes de cada canal se deben a:
1- las anidades de unin entre los sustratos (molculas/
iones que pasan a travs del canal)
2- el la geometra molecular (area de exclusin)
3- Las interacciones dinmicas entre el in y las paredes del
canal (difusin molecular en el canal)
4-La energa de hidratacin molecular o inica
Equilibrio
An9porter
-6 Kcal
6000cal/mol
[glucosa]in
1
1
= e 1.987cal.mol .K 300 K = 23500
[glucosa]out
Species
[Extracellular]
mM
Na+
Out (sangre)
[Intracellular]
Species Equilibrium
[Extracellular]
potential
[Intracellular]
mM
mM
(Veq) mV
mM
150
15
Na+
150
+57.3
15
K+
5.5
150
K+
5.5
-81.2
150
Ca2+
1.5
0.0002
Ca2+
1.5
+119.2
0.0002
125
9Cl-
125
-70.3
Cl-
E l G p a r a e l
transporte de K al
interior celular es bajo
Because E , E and E ya
V,
Because
this
suggests
E el
, E that
and
other
E processes
V, this suggests
interv
que
gradiente
de
to exclude Na and Ca and to accumulate
exclude NaK.
and
These
Ca and
are to
transport
accumulate
processes and must be ACTIVE.
pprocesses
o tandemustnbe ACTIVE.
c i a l
+ FE + GATPADP
e l e c t r o s t Y c o e s
favorable
Ginout (total) = RT ln
Na
Na
+
i
+
o
Ca
Na
Ca
2K+
2K+
ATP4-
3 Na+
Fuente de energa
E 55 kJ/mol
ADP33 Na+
1- K+ (estmago) K+ (mucosa)
H+ (mucosa) H+ (estmago)
2- K+ (mucosa) K+ (estmago)
Cl- (mucosa) Cl- (estmago)
HCl (mucosa) HCl (estmago)
NO ELECTROGNICA
Bibliogra>a
- Lodish y col (2003). Molecular Cell Biology
- Stein, W.D. (1986) Transport and Diusion across Cell Membranes. Academic Press
- Staneld C.L (2013) Principles of Human Physiology