NEW

SYSTETM

09

ARITHMETIC

^VD

MATHEMATICS.

BT

TBACBKB

JTAMES

or

A.

PMEtTER,

H.

AVD

MATHEMATICS

KATURAL

PHILOSOPHT*

EDITION.

FOURTH

NEW-YORK:

PISROTAND

KEEDy
No.

Sproee
1845.

PRINTBKSy
Street.

HE.,

V.

(ilf

GHAUUATf

Entered,

accordbg

to

BY

in

the

Clerk's

Office

iff

of

Act

the

o"

Congress,
H.

Sonthem

V6

TJiL

SCIICm',;.

JAMES

for

~.

M-

FO'tCA^lilN

this

22d

day

of

May,

A.

D.

PORTER,

District

of

the

State

of

New-York.

1841,

PREFACE

The

science

of

important

an

to

one

cultivation

and
the

merchant,

is

numbers

all

attainment
the

mechanic,

on

less

or

in

the

intricacies

knowledge,

have

successful

has

been

commands

the

reduce

simplicity
plan

quicker

almost

necessary
its

the

study

numerical

over

the

to

which,

system
it

although

difficulties

insurmountable

perity
prosThe

its 4iumberless

yet

age,

defects
its

to

easy

attainment.

rapid
To

of

often

its

in

their

time,

objections
;

facturer,
manu-

undertaking

the

established

long
for

respect

furnish
and

so

its

principles,

of

mastery

formidable

interpose

its

branch

labor,

In"

pursuits.

from

complete

the

depend

several

many

The

with

this

be

The

require,

also

their

to

interested.

man,

which

into

deterred

achieve

to

science,
that

of

acquisition.

required

laborer

entered

have

deeply

of

prosecution

that

community.

acquaintance

an

conceded

professional

understanding

correct

the

are

and

degree,

in

class

every

agriculturist,
greater

universaUy

of

sbience

the

facility

and

of

antiquated

method

of

of

numbers

to

acquisition

theories

computation,

to

an

degree

gpneater
iotrodiice

easier,

an

ia

vdk^o^^xX

surer^

into
afid

^^^^^st^*

iv

PREFACE.

turn,

that

one

of

department

of

shackles

reformers

of
in

have

who

Many,

prejudice,

in

and

business,

consideration

favorable

interests

necessarily

this

the

who

be

arithmetic

able, with

plan, by

all their

facilityand

.with

off

the

have

not

branches

results.

tical
prac-

yet been

as

world

the

to

science

of

may

communicated

and

understandings

the

to

failed

and

in oral, mental,

these

become

to

investigation,to present

precision

the

important

very

any

simplified method,

to

enterprize, have

of

mathematics,

of which

means

taught *by

be

endeavored

have

improvers

and

thrown

measure

interestingfield

would

itself

every

community.

some

and

in

actors

recommends

substantially in accomplishing
They

the

of

the

learners.
To

these

remedy

delects^ and

the acquisitionof
facilitating

knowledge,
of

has

author

the

of

work

this

of

leave

begs
the

crowned

been

-have

,sition is rendered
less

and

reduces

saving

computative
have

This
'

by

simple

so

which

of tiine

is

results

embarked

can

be

in

their

always
and

arrived

time

is

mord

its

at, the

rapidly
better

transadtion.

important improvement
much

the

even

saved

in the

and

most

ples.
princi-

important item

an

the

acqui-

heretofore,

than

that

system,

of

certain, requires

more

readily comprehend

can

of business

calculation:

and

on

cause

its

science, whereby

easy

author

public

the

to

made

the

the

to

practical operations

its

it to

The

wh6

in

time

understanding

obtuse

the

more

and

made

thereby

mathematical

and

success

congratulations

improvement

important

much

complete

his

tender

to

arithmetical

with

efforts

persevering

the

attention

and

time

the

for

means

mathematical

and

arithmetical

much

engaged

the

supply

to

in

correct

for

those

"

science

greater

of numbers,

certainty ob-

PREFACE.

is

tained,
their

about

now

and

approbation

By

of

way

and

expressed

different

by

fixed

statement

decrease

The

required.
but

remains

is

it

liberate

of

science

in

the

mechanical,

to

bring

of instruction,

as

the

into

and

answer

jiothing

or

statements,

to

which"

constitute

the

the

principles of

fundamental
and

of

persevering

the

useless

until

the

and

will enable

the

and

years

the

the

nues
ave-

which,

in

the

progressive

teachers

to

make
at

of

prosecution

and

pupils
the

generally, adapted

science

tice
prac-

irrelevant

along

principles

the

from

teachers

understanding

mathematical
of

number

increase

concentrated,

propouhdirig

attainment

and

two

expressed

or

society perfectly acquainted,

with

years,
to

author

of

instruction

of twelve

far

answer

under

by

are.fullyunderstood.

grade

the

equality, or

minds

the

conduct

is based

of every

the

knowledge,

reasonable

For

and

reduced

taught by gradual

imperious necessity

tained
con-

publication.

that

will

is

represented

decrease,

present

be

questions,

it is

thus

and

will

are^

addition, subtraction,

simplify expressions

expected

science
;

the

the

Equality.

term,

science
to

of

purport

lowest

increase

facilitate

It

the

that

question propounded

equation,

or

to

for

state,

Equality

which

after

names,

public,

generally
viz

words,

comprise

the

by

to

iscience

division.

and

multiplication,

the

Decre^ase^

decrease

and

is necessary

three

in

Increase.

required,

of

principles

Increase

the

to

acceptance.

exposition, it

of the

whole

introduced

be

to

age
pletely
com-

mercantile,

knowledge.
it

the

was

organic operation

regulated by

his

study

constant

his

of

the

simplifiedplan

fundamental

principles.

PREFACE.

This

method

affords

calculation

of

the

question

calculations

in

whole

numbers,

is

of

whole

fractions,

composed

fractions.

By

are

by

the

easy

process

rejected, the

solution

"c., of
and

in

aiithmetical

three,

of

rule

rule,** has

-ro^

compelled

to

this

the

the

scholar, and

the

rule

of

of

fractional

suffice

said, without

are

more

with

the

decimal

system

memory

to

but

agreeable,

easy,

in

and

general,

the

as

rule

performs
in

and

circumstantial

and,

by

too,

than

numbers

compound
the

that
common

does

in the

rule

the

of

science

of

rule
the

whole

culation
calbers.
num-

of

shortness

in

the
and

pure

life, the

now

calculation
the

loss

solution

it is

rules,

it also

agreeable

of

in

even

these

and

avoided,

hesitation,

affords,*in all business

as

an

interruption,
all

rule

numbers

calculation

in

rules

of

several

without

this

numbers,

whole

his

on

tions,
frac-

confused

questions, wherein

these

employ

always

By

others

and

proportion will

pure

with

ceedings,
pro-

barter, fellowship, interest, reduction,

statements
to

all the

manner,

tare,

necessary

calculation

teaches,

proportion

pure

before
These

impress

to

often

are

and

of

golden

"

we

any

rule

statements

circumstantial

process

gain, exchange,

and

to

required.
of

rule

obtain,

to

the

rule

more

answer

common

difficult

unavoidable

and

the

bers
num-

The

also

this

By

power.

obtain

to

render

of three,

whole

answer

named

proportion,

four, five, and

by the

and

weight,

measure,

an

tions
frac-

performed

It teaches

proportion,

pure

of

make

able

are

we

is

proportional question proposed.

the

or

series.

and

the

statement

of

the

number

or

calculation

or

forming
per-

when

even

world, entirely by

uninterrupted

an

in the

all variation

whole

the

succession

of

proportion

pure

money,

by

an

of

power

same

tial
circumstanit may

be

proportion
easiness

of mathematics.

Vli

PREFACE.

To

this

enlarge
its

of

found,

an

The

afford

him

and

gives
of

his

to

durable

ingraft

Finally,

be

not

the

of

the

paper,
and

any

for

found

has

and
the

after

all

pui*pose

there

this

that

rule,

Besides,

his

in
also

new

may

pure
be

few

few

of
that

rule,
a

rule

to

pages

at. the

sheets

of

traced

The

this
will

find

adjusted

has

propoVtions,

neatly

of

memory.

author

he

course

trouble

the

on

"

things.

the

half

arithmetic

of

figures

branches

higher

the

portion
pro-

of

in

fixed

in

pure

system

that

and

enable

of

calculation

proportions
placed

will

unknown

have

not

shown

system
of

pure

the

observed,

be

may

proportion

work,

of

principles

in

necessary

will

tutors

calculation

found

pure

the

it

o"

method

the

and

mathematics,

variation

becomes,

for

prepared

virill
little

kngwledge

pupil

inter*

business.

will

this

to

agreeable

hitherto

which

young

an

which

the

by

viz.,

recreation,

amusing

questions
;

better

studies,

and

be

afford

of

for

will

It

to

men

out

principles

the

effractions,

all

tion
inten-

the

not

professes,
and

to

judgment,

true

it

The

arithmetic

of

system

itself.

walks

work.

perform

to

for

what

thoughts

scholar

is

calculation,

he

his

this

the

to

animate

any

of

when

for

in

companion

do

knowledge

even

preface

speak

to

necessary

subject

long

may

method

easy

pupil,

find

It

author.

and

esting

by

examination,

on

teach

work

end

writing
desired

thereon.

Author.

t!^.

'

PORTER'S

SYSTEM

NEW

OF

^MTumnmcs
AND

MATHEMATICS

ARITHMETIC.

is

Arithmetic
and

Theory

the

consists

the

demonstrates

the

is that

numbers,

so

business,

is

and

rules,

of

which

as

Notation

viz.,

is

nothing

so

in

that

necessary,

trade,

caii

and

by
for

expeditious

mental
funda-

or

Addition,

the

The

working

principal

five

traction,
Sub-

knowledge
in

anything

scarcely

done

be

of

and

Division

The

numbers,

Numeration^

or

and

Mtiltiplicationi
which

under

comprised

bers,
num-

operations.

method

useful

most

of

quality

the

by

Practice.

practical

shows
be

to

and

nature

reason

and

Theory

in

computing

of

science

oi*

both

considers

Practice

art

of

life,

and

it,

without

NUMERATIOTT
Teachbth

to

characters
and

the

depends

rest

express
0, 1, 2,

any

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

figures,

upon

beginning

or

digits

place

the
at

the

they

by' these

number

proposed
9

the

relative
in

stand

right hand,

is

"

as

in

called
value

when
the

of

ten

cipher,
which

joined
folkrN\ti%\

gether,
to-

10

CO

"^

s
"Xl

"

tU
8

the

table

Though

extended

be

may

of

hundreds

of

more

read

millions,

.^

only nine places, yet it

places at pleasure ; as, after

consists

to

OQ

millions,

of

thousands

ten

lions,
of millions, bilthousands
millions, hundred
sextillions, septiltrillions,quadrillions,quintillions,
lions, octillions,nonillions, decillions, undecillions, "c., as
of

thousands

in

the

following example
Trillions.

Quadrillions.

890

567

Write

and

supply

679

write

down

the

897

234

figures as

their

the

values

order

are

with

ed,
express-

ciphers.

EXAMPLE.

down

Write

the

following numbers

in order

Twenty-nine.
Two

Six

hundred
thousand

Eighty-four
Six

millions

and
nine

forty-six.
hundred

thousand

and

three

hundred

two

Eighty-tiine millions
Four

millions

four

Nine

hundred

and

Seventy

milliotis

seventy

Twelve

hundred

and

hundred

and

nine.

sixty-eight.
ninety.

hundred
nine

one.

and

and

278

numbers.

deficiency in

any

963

437

dottm

Units.

Millions.

Billions.

928

707

^o

Rule.

thousand.

millions.
thousand

and

forty-sixmillions.

seventy.

Eigbt

hundred

Two

thousand

four

hundred

forty-fourthousand.
and
five hundred
forty-three millions^
thirty-onethousand.

millions

and

Sixty-nine hundred"

into

one

Place

stand
a

hand

column,

them

line

the

manner,

under

the

to

carry

under

units,

denomination

same

find
the

Add

how

tens

so

on,

units
and

first row,
or
rightin
contained
tens
are

and

as

carry

there

'as

of each

that

so

and

tens,

many

column,

other,

the

remainder,

next

the

each

under

tens

them.

and

down

set

ones

numbers

the

under

draw

or

of

sum.

Rule.
may

seventy-five.

ADDITION

numbers

collect

to

and

thousand

nino

SIMPLE
Teacheth

11

ADDITION.

SIUPLB

are

teus.

column,^ till the

units

many

In like
whole

be

finished.
and
reckon
the
Proof. Begin at the top of the sum
in the
as
they were
manner
figures downward,
same
will be
this
added
it
be
upward ; and, if
aggregate
right,
of figures, and
line
equal to the first: or, cut off the upper
find

the

amount

line,
is

when

of the

added,

rest

be

equal

right.
EXAMPLES.

(1.)
4

9
3

then,
to

if

the

the
sum

amount

and

total, the

per
upwork

12

ADDITION.

SIMPLE

(4.)

(5.)

6784

647

'29
7

43972

10

^32489
4

4^7765500

9-762

394689289279

9184

642

foHawing

the

sums

79248946

(8.)
8

(9.)

*67210

94

(7.)
3

4-48

04, 97B649, 708.

(6.) 3784, 94, 96484,

*

47

3
5.4

94

'978649
7

4377

76643111

8388

Acid

872

(10.)
6

89438943

8437730164
7444473655
6

3992

9476

6792586539
1124726

792
7

18

5467255246

48936938
6343944428
400

5786
4

6^

9487647

time, 106
how

much

at

another,

59286

of his

borrowed

m"n

86428

2374

11.

93786

a3

67

did he borrow

at

neighbor

another,

in the

whole

30

and
1

dollars
37

at

Ans.

at

one

another

$240*

SIMPLE

12.

Four

boys

had

16784,

Peter
bow

were

many
Four
13.

collected

Chestnuts;

Charles

there

boys,

in

bad

the

11

more

than

Andrew,

and

Daniel

16

more

than

Charles

of

The

deluge happened
and

Saviour,

our

of wheat,

bushels

940

bow

F:

and

90

many

16.

him

owes

dollars

debts

of

died

four

the

will

400

130

of wheat
be

of flour

added

From

1656

the

years

temple

creation

from

1336

was

1008

part
whole

more

together.
one-

eight

thousand

whole

worth

year

1642,

and

he

did

year

bushel

per

die 1

flour

of

barrel

one

dred
hun-

cargo

in the
in what

and

London,

what

elapsed

since

that

world

to

the

in

beheaded

was

period

years

thence

of

the

year

what
;

to

; thence
years
in what
;
year

the
to

building
the birth

was

the

flood

the

of

birth

A
is

gentleman
worth

bankT

owns

one-eighth
dollars;

26,000

what

of

our

"

Saviour

of Christ

bank,

is the

was

Solomon's

of

Ans.
23.

and

sixty-nine is
from

dollar

martyr

have

years

both;

dollars

debts

make

one

cost

the

as

64

number

six

age

much

A,

as

and

him

arrived

born

his

and

E,

much

as

as

and

is the

was

wheat

Charles

just

oats,

is it nowl

22.

was

of

bushels

of potatoes;

him

is that

what

Newton

barrels

and

1648,

bushels

E's

is worth

cargo

dollars

price

King

21.

has

of

as

him
owes

what

years

alU*

much

hundred

two

1492

bushels

him

as

due

of
eighty-fifth

If four

and

amount

in

owes

owes

and

80

raise

him

birth

the

before

60

and

to;

of her

in the

year

dollars

Sir Isaac

20.

apples

many

debtors. A, B, C, D,

owes

ship Mary

one-fourth

19.

; C

number;

some

and

he

dollars

thousand

The

18.

six

whole

Four

sixth

101,

year,

of A, .B, C, D, and

sum

is the

17.

one

has

amount

the

What

Andrew

had

discovered

of corn,

370

500

67

in

did

more

him

than

how

557

33027.

Charles

years

was

bushels

gentleman

owes

A's

An^.

intervened

many
years
farmer
raised,

2348

America

after it; bow

15.

David

4096,

all ?

they
14.

and

apples, (ound

their

67, iBennet

bad

had

bad

had

John

11590,

whole

counting

on

13

ADDITION.

value

4O0O.
and
of

his
the

.Arw.$'2Q^"QQCi^

14

BIMPLB

SUBTRACTION.

ship Lion
port of Liverpool, with
and
specie ; the value
The

24.

value

ihe
value

of

half

of

ship

and

the

to

C,

and
from

fourth
D

distance
to

Gr

one-eighth
from

to

Teacheth

The

and

is

greater

less

ii

denomination,

same

the

from

58^476

miles.

SUBTRACTION

take

to

and

F,

to

one-

from

distance

Ans.

SIMPLE

is

to

tance
tjie dis-

distance

the

from
of

from

is

and

miles,

is one-third

of the

and

$102,746.

is 44

from

the

dollars,

distance

E, and

to

distance

distance

to

of

ship '; w^hat

the

the

to

the

is

one-

$57,772.

Ans.

distance

the

from

to

of

the

was

value

14,678

is one-half

and

of

the

require

B
from

D,

is worth

of

specie
the

and

distance

from

one-fourth

was

only one-sixth

to

is one-sixth

to

to

of the

what

?
cargo
distance
from

the

lars;
dol-

4444

v^as

of the

value

ship

distance

the

the

ship

of

from

distance

the

merchandize
was

the

to

of merchandize

consisting

Am.

ship

Suppose

26.

the

bound

Boston,

merchandize

cargo

of the

value

of

of the

the

of

from

cargo

-specie, and

1
cargo
If the cargo

value

of the

value

the

25.

the

the

sailed

show

thereby

called

from

number

the

minuend,

the

of

greater

the

difference.

and

the

less

the

subtrahend.

Place

Z2%/e.

minuend
from

the
next

sum

and

tens,

to

than
the

sum,

so

the

upper
down
set

figure of
Proof. Add
is

subtrahend,

greater,

or

greater
ten

the

equal

from

units

subtract

if

number,

figure of the
of the
corresponding one
figure, and. then subtract

the
the
to

and

less

or

on

the

any

and

remainder,

under

the

units,

tens

subtrahend

be

minuend,

add

the

lower
one

carry

from
to

the

subtrahend.
remainder

the

minuend,

to

the

the

subtrahend,

work

is

and

right.

EXAMPLES.

(I.)

(2.)

From

64789

89358648

Take

32434

88356438

Rem.

32355

1002210

if the

15

SUBTRACTION

SIMPLE

(4.)

(3.)
7439434678

892430173

6273172846

697644687

194785486

(6.)
90003734
44446730

(8.)
7

9*

(10.)
200000000

''199999999

(12.)
86438643748
85327532637

13.

having

man,

dollars,

478

lost

how
had
he left 1
;
many
14'. A gentleman
bought a wagon
harness
for 42
dollars
what
did
;
than

mg^e

If

15.

have

man

of it ; how
A

16.
for

it, gave

how

much

1492

how

commenced

died

many

in

1799

dollars,

47

he

pay

years

had

what

was

his

age

spend

$66.

and

Ans"

the
^'

$1801.
in

rest

Ans.

lars
dol-

675

dollars,and,

discovered

he

him

cost

wagon

and

for 214

chaise

to

pay

money
$167.

by Christopher Columbus
hostilities
elapsed wlien

revolutionary war,
George Washington

the

left *?

in the

General

18.

did
was

dollars,

will he have

much

money

America

17.
in

dollars, and

108

Ans.

2476

bought
gig worth

man

for

bling
gam-

$329.

Ans,

harness

the

in

dollars

149

1 775
was

? Ans,

born
Ana*

in
67

283

yecurs^

1732, and
ymrs.

16

MULTIPLICATION.

SIMPLE

Sir Isaac

19.
what

his

was

20.

Newton

man

what

was

three

times

and

if

toward
far would

he

12, will
25.

26.

Joe

twenty-seven

than

and

365

81.

added

721

number

make

100

rate

with

114..

miles.

240

days, jfrom

New

London

of 39

each

day, how

miles

Philadelphia

from

other

five

the

is

Philadelphia

to

travel

be

1753.

Ans.

London

then

What

and

twice

between

greater

at
Philadelphia',

24.

years

Ans.

should

man

years.
in
;
age

of

S5

Ans.

is 1200

New

in 1727;

Ans.

?
forty-five

much

From

Now,

67

was

died

death

of his

difference

together?
23.

and

in 1642,

1820

year
1
born

is the

How

22.

time

the

he

year
What
21.

the

at

age
in

bom

was

Ans.

miles.

45

four, viz.,21, 32, IG,

these

Ans.

\9.

for
721
pipes of wine
bought
for 89,049
sold
lars;
dol543
90,846 dollars, and
pipes thereof
how
he
unsold, and
as
or
remaining
pipesfli
piany
do they stand
what
Ans.:\l^
him in ?
pipes, and $1797.

of

wine

and

of fine

span

gold

received

Careless

and

watch
50

dollars

horses,

11

in

lost

compendious

lays

and

123

to

dollars

40

clothes, besides

new

gambling

how

the

dollars

411

out

much

amount

41

cents

for

cents

he

have

amounts

Ans.

$20

dollars

359

will

bill,which

cents

85

to

b^

cts.

the

same

MULTIPLICATION

SIMPLE
a

he

landlord's

his

paying

and

of

suit

he

cents

left after

Is

prize-money

dollars,after which

1000

for

merchant

of

way

numbers

adding

of

name.
_

be

multiplied is

The

number,

to

The

number

which

The

number

arming

multiplies
from

called

is called

the

the
the

operation

multiplicand.

multiplier.
is

called

the

product.
Place

the multiplicand,and
multiplierunder
multiply the latter successivelyby the significantfiguresof
if the multiplierconsists of more
the former
figures than
;
the
place the right hand figure of each product under
one,

Rtd^,

figure
answer

from

which

and

their

the

it
sum

required.

arises
is the

then

product

add

of both

the

several

factors,

products,
and the

18

SIMPLE

MULTIPLICATION.

SIMPLE

MULTIPLICATION.

19

2Q

SIMPLE

MULTIPLICATION,

SIMPLE

MULTIPLICATION.

21

22

SIMPLE

DIVISION.

(5.)
6

(6.)

97439794

9876543210
648

What

7.

dollar

51

is the
cents

What

8.

49876

of

pairs

men's

140

shoes,
$43,79

Ans,

pair?

per

cost

of 29

value

of paper,

reams

at

dollars

perreafti?
In

'

many

one

10.

another

at

9 dollars

there

in 15

there

iperchant

at

wine

of

pipe
gallons are

9.

bought

time

three

per

barrel

at

times
;

as

1 890

for

pay

galls,

whole

the

head

man

also,

for the

pay

12.

time

per

time

lost

764

barrels

as

did
will

25

head;

what

as

he

as

many
sold
;

the

bought

year's board
brick

will 40,000

to, at

come

cost,

at

dollars

find

another

of

the

same

dollars

$312.
sand?
thou-

per

in

is contained

number

one

name.

divided

number

to

be

The

number

by

which

The

number

of times

The
the

often

how

The

ia called

per

$25536.

DIVISION

SIMPLE
to

987

$120,000.

^"".

Teacheth

one

time,

last

Ans.

What

at

dollars

Ans,

one

to

the
8

at

come

he

c^*.

flour

at

remainder

they

per

did

first,wanting

the

at

as

many

cents

$1610,75
of

barreJs

2428

week
14.

per

$8352.

dollars

^?w.

bought

he

what
;
What

at

another

at

wanting
13.

whole

gentleman

barrels

ban-el

46

bought 675 sheep,

pigs, at 2 dollars

barrels,

184

^n*.
11.

how

barrels, of fish

278

wanting

many,

did he

what

Ans.

time

one

cents

$329.

^126 gallons

are

pipes

c^*.

35

Ans.

at

the

is called

divide

to

the

the

is called

divisor

dividend.
the

is contained

divisor.
vidend
in tJie di-

quotient.

remainder,. if there

be

will

any,

always be Jess

than-

divisor.
Rule,

curved

On

the

line, and

the-quotient,as

right
write

and
the

left
divisor

it arises, on

the

of

the
on

draw

dividend
the

left

rigiht. Find

hand,
kow

an4

xaan|

SIMPLE

the

times

divisor

is contained

in

dividend,

necessary

quotient.
Multiply

the

the

divisor

under

product
Subtract

that

the

remainder

the

divide

number
If

finished.
than

divisor,

the

figure

every

add.

product
the

dividend,

annexed

true

the

cut

what

the

or

be

may
and

figures
large

as

be

will

sum

When

off the

and

43864

142165966

(3

9)9768856
1084872"8

cient
suffi-

be"equal

there

ciphers

placed

the

to

then
the

to

ciphers

are

from

it, and

the

divide

the

quotient
the

befoj^

is

figures

does

when

not

ciphers

shortened
the

twelve,

exceed
may

be

or

off

cut

is

from

com-

it, the

and
dividing
by multiplying
dividend.
the
quotient under

EXAMPLES.

4)5687

as

for

quotient

di\dsor,

the

the

right.

remains,

writing

(I.)

is

remainder.

divisor

posit number,
mentttlly,

it

of

whole

number

the

vidend
di-

dividend

more

make
in

by

and

is

work

and

;"

off, is the

division

down

the
dividend,
digits from
other, as usual,
figures by each

answer

When

quotient

remainder,

divisor,

the

on,

to

till

down,

the

set

right hand

till the

of

remaining
cut

the

if the

to

number

same

the

the

order

the

of the

of the

figure
so

in

divisor.

the

'Proof. Multiply

and

part

t!ie

to

written

be

must

that

bring

to

in

brought

so

and

and

are

used.

from

next

before,

remainder,

contain

to

the

necessary

cipher

dividend

as

number

quotient figure,

placed,

down
as

it be

the

to

one

is

figures

as
many
v^rite
the

found

last

it

bring

this

the
of the

part

which

in

and

by

product

under

23

DIVISION.

(2.)
6)6894868
1149144"4

(4.)
12)8764864
730405"4

rem.

24

244

tt

26

i^IYlSlON.

SIMPLE

19.

it take

allowed
man's

by 9,

down

365

and

5521,
it and

Try

thousand.

{m.) malce

marked

1 cent,

10

cents,

dime,

10

dimes,

dollar,

eagle,

10 dollars,

farthingsAiake
pence,

20

shiUinge^-

c,

d,
$.

E.
,

SterlingMoney.

2.

12

"c.

Money.

Federal

mDls

d.

1 penny,'
1 shillings

"

grains {gr,)make
pennyweights,

*.

pound,

".

"

Weight,

Troy

3.

12

2 lbs.

MEASURES,

WEIGHTS,

MONEY,

OF

10

20

much

eacli

see.

1.

24

is

duct
multiply it by 12, divide the prothat
from
then
the
to
quotient,
will be just one
the remainder

4617,

add

and

are

men,

Ans,

subtract

TABLE

500

Write

21.

will

regiment of soldiers, consisting of

1 000
pounds of pork per day ; how

part

put it

to

bins
many
bins.
Ans. 845

how

20.

sum

wishes

of com,

bushels

16

holding

bins, each

into

bushels

haviDg 5520

man

penny

ounce,

dwU

weighty marked

oz,
^

lb,

pound,

ounces,

AvoirditpoisWeigki.

4.

'

(5r.)

16

drachms

16

Ounceis,

28

pounds, i quarter

Bf

this

grocery

of

12

weight,
weight are

wares,

otmoea,

and

t"

medieines.

all

weighed
all metals

T.

drossy goods,

and

coarse

gold

except

and

silver.

A^thecaries Weight,
.;

Iscmpl",
1

dram,

1 ounce,
u

Apotlbecariesuse

cwt,
.

scruples,
drachma^

qr*

weight,

1 ton.

gr^m{gr.)m^e

lb,

pound,
hundred
weight,
1 hundred

5.

20

6z.

quarters,
hundred

20

ounce,

this

IpcyonAf.

weight

u.

compouiiding

m
'

"
.

..ib

their

6.

nails

ClcftH Meamre.

(nih)make

quarter

yard,

qaoTtera,

quarters,

1 Ell

quarters,

6 quarters,

7.

8
4

yd,
K

FL

E.

B,

KFr.

"j^,

quart,

pecks,

is

qr.

EJl English,
Ell French,

quarts,
measure

yard,

Flemish,

I. peck,

This

of

Measure,

Dry

make
pints,(i?".)

2)

8''

filVtStOK.

Uta"L"

pk*

bu.

bushel,

appliedto grain, beans, flax-se^ed^salt,

bftto,'Oysters, coal, "c.

8.
4

gills(^'.)make

2.

pints,

Wine^ MeQ4Ure.
1

pint*

pt,

.1 quart,

qt.

.-

quarts,

J gallons,

31
42
63
2

12

barrel,

'1

gal.
.hL

tiei:ce,

tier.

hogshead,
pipe,

khd.
p.

1 tun,

mead, vinegar, oil, "c.,

spirits,

wine

Note,

measure.

solid

231

inches

are

sured
mea-

make

'

9.
3

brandies,

by
gallon.

gallon,

,1

gaUons,
gallons,
hogsheads,
pipes,,
All

barley

L67ig

in.

inch, marked
1 foot,

(3.c.)make

coriis

Measure.
1

itiches,
feet,

J^-

yard^

yd:

5i yards,

rod,

rd,

rods,

iorlottg,

furlongs,

40
8

pole, or perch,

fur.

mile,

m.

miles,

69j

miles.

degrees,

.360

7he

i}$e

of

places, or any
regard to
N.
1

B.

hand.

French
rods

league,

.1

statute

the

degree,

circumiference

long
other

ha.

of

the

on

the

earth,

earth.

the diitatice of
is Xq medtsicre:
out
thing where length is considered with-

toe^ure

breadth.

measuring the height of horses, 4 inches make

I fathom
In measuring depths, 6 feet make
or
measuied
Distances
toise.
are
\y^ ^"^'QkVCi"S5SN)!:sL
In

long" containingone

hundred

Wnka.

*^

28

aniFLE

Idand,

1 0.

144

inebes

square
9

or

Measure,

Square

make

1
.

feet

square

make

yards,

80|square
272j

diti"(ON.

foot.

square

yard.

"

or

feet,

square

square

1 square
^

rod.
rood.

4 Q

square

rods,

square

square

roods,

square

acies,

square

solid

640

square

SoUdy

11.

40
60
128
4

make

inches

solid

1728

feet

of

round

feet

of

hewn

solid

feet

wide,

and

timber,

feet

foot.

"

or

long,

,
load.
,

timber.
or

mile.

Metuure.

Cubic

or

acre.'

ton

or

higb,

All
are

solids,

things

or

measured

contains
A

282.

this

by
solid

231

bushel

that

or

length, breadth,

have

N.

measure.

contains

solid

2150,42

depth,

Wine

The

and

inches,

cubic

B.

and

the

gallon
gallon

beer

inches.

Time.

12.

minute,

minutes,

hour^

h,

hours,

day,

d,

days,

week,

w,

weeks,

month,

mo,

Julian

60

seconds

60

24

("1.)make

,13 months,

day

and

hours,

hath

Thirty days
; February

marked

year,
June

September,
April,
eight alone, all the
twenty-

rest

M,

^,
.

and

ber
Novem-

have

thirty-

one.

N"

B.

In

Bissextile,
IB.

'

60

seconds

60

minutes,

30

degrees,
sigtSs, or

12

Zodiac.

(")

or

leap

Circular

degrees,

February

hath

29

days.

Motion,
'

minute,

degree,

"

.1

sign,

S.

the

whole

make

360

year,

great

circle

of

the

WSI6HTB

AND

29

MEASURfiS.

"

C4

00

CO

1H

Tjt

00

"

"

"f^

1"

CO

00

(M

1"

-"?"" tH

OS

Of

QQ

CO
o

;o

-^

(M

i
CO

"^

CQ

CO

CO

CO

"^

0"

30

WKlAfiTS

ANDr

MOTION*

OR

ltEA8"mUt

CIRCLE

MEASURE.

Degree.
Circle.

Minute.

Second.

21600

1296000

Sine.

360

12

30

1800
1

108000
60

3600
1

DIVISION

365

days

OF

60

time:

hours

^
13

lunar

months,,

day,

hours

j.

^garlv
"''

SIMPLE

MULTIPLICATION.

21

22

DIVISION.

SIMPLE

(5.)
6

97

(6.)

439794

9876543210
648

What

7.

dollar

is the

51

cents

What

8.

pairs

of

shoes,

men's

$43,79

Ans,

pair?

per

of paper,

reams

dollars

at

In

pipe
gallons are

9.
many

another

at

9 dollars

there

in 15

there

merchant

at

wine

of

one

10.

bought

time

three

per

barrel

at

times
j what

Ans,

time

one

as

^126 gallons

are

pipes

1 890

head

also,

for the

pay

.12.

time

A
at

barrels

ban-el

whole

lost

764

barrels

will

win

as

i The

The

the

bought

year's board
brick

at

dollars

.4?w,

of

to

find

the

same

often

sand
thou-

per

is contained

in

name.

to

number

by which

number

of times

be

the

is called

divided

number

remainder^

,$312.

"

number

one

dollars

$120,000.

DIVISION

how

per

$25536.

to, at

come

cost,

one

time,

last

Ans,

one

to

at

dollars

at

come

he

c^*.

flour

the

at

remainder

the

they

40,000

ia called
The

he

as

many
sold

Teacheth

per

did

first,wanting 987

the

at

as

many

SIMPLE

The

what

cents

Ans

What

another

head;

barrels

2428

bought

as

did

$8352.

25

of

barrels,

whole

dollars

week
14.

per

fish

ilw*. $1610,75

time

he

What

at

another

what

13.

per

46

gentleman

wanting

bought 675 sheep,

pigs, at 2 dollars

man

galls,

184

for the

pay

how

barrelftof

278

wanting

many,
did he

cents

$329.

Am,
11.

cto.

35

Am.

perreatol
'

at

140

cost

of 29

value

76

49

divide

to

the

dividend.

the

is called

the

is contained

divisor

divisor.
in the

vidend
di-

quotient.

if there

be

will

any,

always be Jess

than

divisor.
Rule,

Cutved

On

the

line, and

the^ttotientyas

right
write

and
the

left
divisor

it arises, on

the

of

on

draw

dividend

the

the

right,

left

find

hand,
how

and

many

24

244

95

piTISION,

81WLK

(12.)

(II.)
3966)34585539543(8742552
.

6,00)74389486,00(12398247

31648

29375

14
^

27692

12

16833

23

15824'

18

'

10099

58

7^12

54

21875

49

19780

48

'

20954

]4

19780

13

11743

28

"

7^12

24

^881

46
42

If the

13.

345

among

of 262"200

sum

how

men,

mapy

were

dollars

would

,'
If 333,040

14.

how

inen,

15.

dollars
would

much

Sold

hush

345

17.

456
equally divided among
jwere
each receive
Ans. $840.
]

els o^ wheat

for 2415

dollars

much

how

it

was

prize, woith

450,

among

Bought
yard ; how

per

per

56,9000

mueb"'Wiould
d:

18.

what

is

Am,^,

how

If

4ns.$7Q0.

iSold a farm, containing365

dollars;

receive

each

it per bushel?
16.

divided

equally

dallais

ac^es

of land, for

$23.

Ans.

acre?

8395

dollars, be equally divided

each

raati

receive

'

Ans.$S2.
"

pieee of cloth
y"(rdsin
many

for 363
the

said

dollars,

at

piece of

cloth

dbllars

26

bmsionr.

SIMPLE

19.

bins, ^ach

into

it take

holding

of com,
bushels
how
j

16

allowed

pounds

per

down

day

subtract

thousand.

365

and

5521,
it and

Try
OF

MONEY,

WEIGHTS,

{m,) mdite

10

cents,

dime,

10

dimes,

dollar,

dollars,

c.

d,

eagle,

$.

"

E.
,,,

SterlingMoney.

farthings make

sliiUingS)3.

d.

1 penny;
1 shilling,

"

pence,

*.

pound,

"""

"

Weight.

Troy

grains {gr.)make
pennyweights,

20

majked

1 cent,

2.

24

"c.

Money.

Federal

mills

20

2 lbs.

MEASURES,

10

12

each

is

see.

1.

are

men,

much

multiply it by 12, divide the product

that
the quotient,then from
to
will be just one
the remainder

4617,
add

and

by 9,

10

; bow

will

bins.

S45

Ans,

Write

TABLE

pork

bins

500

part

21.

of

put ic

to

many

soldiers, consisting of

of

regiment
1 000

man's

wishes

Ans.

20.

sum

bushels

liaving5520

man

pennyweight,

ounce,

marked

dtoL
oz.

12

lb,

pound,

ounces,

AvoirdiepoisWeight.

4.

'

(^r.)

16

drachms

16

ounceis,

28

pounds, 1 quarter

20

1 ounce,

this

grocery

lb.

pound,
hiindred weight,
1

of

quarters,
hundred
weight,

Bf

i^z.

-^

weight

wares,

gr^

hundredweight,

cwt.
^

T.

1 ton.

all

weighed

are

all metals

and

^
'

and

coarse

gold

except

drossy goods,

and

silver.

d.A^thecaries We^ht,
20

grmuB

3
8
12

(gr.)m^ke

.;

scriti^les,
drachma^
otooea,

"

scruple,

dram,

3
3
.

I ouiiee,

Ipqundj.

^ib

use
'iApotkiBcaries

this

weight

in

compounding

medicines.
"

their

6.
4

nails

4
3
6

(na^

Ckftli Measure.

make

of

yard,

quarter

quarters,

quarters,

quarters,

yard,
Ell
Flemish,
EJI English,

qr,

"

yi.
JS. Fl.

E,

B.

quarters,
7.

Dry

Ell

French,

Fr.

Measure.

iS^^tnts,(j7^.)make

quart,

^,

quarts,

l.pieck,

pk"

pecks,

bushel,

bu.

This

is

measure

applied to grain, beans, flaxH9"^d,;^salt,

^oats, ioystidrs, coal, "c.

8,

Wine^Meaeure.

gills(^'.)make

2"pints,

pint^

pt.

A quart,

"

qt

quarts,

gallon,

gaL

,hL

31

J gallons,

barrel,

42

gallons,

tierce,

tier.

63

gallons,

hkd.

hogsheads,
pipes,.

hogshead,
pipe,

2
2

brandies,

AH

wine

by
gallon.

spirits,mead,

7[

vineg^,

'Note,

measure.

oil, "c.,

solid

231

barley

JL"ng

(5.c.) make

corns

inch, marked

in.

//.

yardi

rod,

rodsv

iurlafig,

furlongs,

mile,

miles,

J yards,

40

make

Ifoot,

feet,

inches

sured
mea-

Measure.
1

ISitiches,
3

are

'

9.
3

p.

1 tun,

"

pole, or

league,

degree,

yd*
rd.

perch"

Jur.

...

m.

lea.

69
360

miles.

statute

degrees,

the

circumference

of

the

earth,

the

oh

"

earth.
.

^he

i^e.

of

places, or any
regard to
N.
1

B.

hand.

French
rods

In

k"9g
other

thing

where

length

is considered-

out
with-

breadth.

measuring
In measuring

toise.

the dz^

is |:o niedsia*e:

^e^ure

the

Distances

long, containing one

height
depths, 6
are

of horses,
feet

\Vn\sA.

by

make

1 fathom

make

measured

hundred

4 inches

chaxw^feax
*"

or

28

SIMFLE

Landf

1 0.
144

inches

square

feet

make

square

foot.

square

yard.

make

yards,

square

273 square
40

Measure,

Square

at

9 Bquare

80}

DITISfON.

or

feet,

^l"""*

'"^'

rood.

Bquare

rods,

square

square

roods,

square

square

acies,

square

4
640

SaHd^

11.

solid

1728

Cubic

or

40

feet

of

round

timber,

60

feet

of

hewn

timber,

mile.

Measure.

make

inches

acre/

solid

foot.

or

128
4

solid

feet

wide,

and

or

feet

long,

V
j

^^

higb,

^
^

All
are

solids,

things

or

measured

contains
A

282.

this

by
solid

231

bushel

that

or

have

N.

measure.

inches,

cubic

contains

B.

The

and

solid

2150,42

the

depth,

and

wine

gallon
gallon

beer

iuches.

Time.

12.

minute,

minutes,

hour,

ki

hours,

day,

d,

week,

up.

month,

mo.

60

seconds

60
24

days,

weeks,

13

length, breadtli,

make

(S.)

.1
]

months,

day

and

6 hours,

1 Julian

Thirty
;

marked

year,
June

April,
September,
eight alone, all the
twenty-

days

hath

February

rest

M.

W'

and

ber
Novem-

have

thirty-

one.

N*

B.

In

Bissextile,
13.

60

seconds

60

or

leap

year,

hath

29

days.

Motion,

Circular

make

February

minute,

minutes,

degree,

"

30

degrees,

sign,

S.

12

signs,

Zodiac.

(")

or

360

degrees,

the

whole

'

great

circle

of

the

wnOBTS

AND

MEA817EE8.

29

30

WKlOfiTS

365

days

HEAAURBtt.

AND-

hours

oorlv

13

lunar

months,

day,

hours

"

^^^^

neariy;

32

WEIGHTS

AND

MEASURES.

"

""

oouFouND

COMPOUND
Teacheth
into

ADDITION

collect

to

numbers

Add

how

pontained
Write

next

under

so

that

directly

in

the

units
many
in their sum.

down

of

those

under

the

same

other, and

eltch

them.

numbers

the

find

stand

may

line

numbers

the

Arrange

denomination

are

difTerent. deBominations

"

Rule,

and

of

total.

one

draw

SH

jU"i"moir.

of the

remainder,

the

higher denomination,

deiiomlnation

lowest

and

pext

and

higher

proceed

denomination

the

carry

thus

together,

units
the

to

to

the

end.

(2.)

srrERLING

II

wi

'

""

"

MONEir.

"

;.

'

"

\.

8ft

COMPOV"0

AVOIEDUPaiS

ADDITION.

WEIGHT.

APOTHECARIES

WEIGHT.

(10.)

(9.)
lb.

oz.

dr.

sc.

gr.

16

oz.

dr.

sc.

gr.

25

11

19

10

18

lb.

18

60

13

64

16

60

10

44

17

80

15

60

14

35

14

CLOTH

MEASURE.

(12-)

"

JS. jFV. gr.

na.

475

600

800

%S

94a

2.

Jkl""

isER

.AND

"15.)
hlid
55

MEAaKFB.E.

(16.)

..

Ahd.

gal, qt, gt.

1

55

:95

^/aa^)3f^if^

QO^^miio

gal. qt, pt.

80

47

63

39

42

24

38

44

,.

48

36

'

36

47

69

29

60

60

75

48

38

44

87

36

MEASURE.

DRY

m,

qr.

hu.

pk, qt.

43

.3

63
43

chal,

7
^

"

"

(18.)
hii.

pk. qt.

675

31

743

29

647

26

'

87

434

2$

60

386

34

44

487

22

MEASURE.

LONG

(19.)
deg. mil, fur.
560

56

po,

ft.

30

15

in.
9

h,c.
2

"OMF6t7ND

9S

Find

23.

8d,

the

of

amount

6d,

18s

ce96

A1"l"1"Oir.

9d,

18s

"5e47

following

the

Ans.

4d.
In

24.

9d

""!

8s

17s

; and

contribution,

put in
4d

12s

12s

pat

8d

c"7
in

put
did

much

how

in

If 7

8d

2qrs, how

would

much

they

Ans.
A

26.

George

old;
James

was

27.
amount
;

then
my

was

18

three
8

ye^rs

sons

years

What

old.

Ans.

all

pay

Id.

4*

put in

own

goods

quantity

expenses
in at
stand me

and
the

yrs.

\ld2qrs.
years'4 months
12

days
of

age

lOmo,

12

old;
all of

days,

of

were

Geneva

I4s9;

""6

7s

13i

Yofk
to
goods at New
of ""384
17s 8 ; paid for carting to the dock,
to
Albaiiy, s"2 1 7s
paid for freighting the same
d"7
Is 10 ;
to
Geneva,
paid for carting the same

Bought

in

put

5"^d2qr9.
aium of c"^14

was

32

de243

was

months

them

8d

had

man

12s

66100

John

cei3

^qrs;

6d

pay

all pay

148

they

of them

each

should

men

e"46

l4s^6di

Ana.^li
25^

lOd, and

19s

""37

sums

how

much

Ans,

""402

do
is

the
12s
8d

and
the

7d.

should

If A

28.

twice

pay
much

much

as

all the

as

8d

Ids

pay

as

twice

pay

6d

7"

pay
xntftch

Jbow

others;

If I have

tankard

silver

a^

and

pennyweights
weighing
tahle-spoons,
16

ounces

bowl

that

weighs
weighing
9

tea-spoons

follows:

as

second,
and

pay

as

they

all

pounds

would

five

what

"nd

and

fourth,

17

cwt.

the

qrs.

fifth,

than

not

24

cwt.

i5

cwt

1 lb.

qrs,

SUBTRACTION

COMPOUND
find

to

the

whole

Ams.

Teachbth

lbs.;

the

"yeight
lbs.

12
3

weigh"more

of

l^gra.

third,

not

sugar
six

heavy

whose

and

qr.

the

how

potash,

and

8 dwL

oz"

and

cwt.

silver

grains,

12

10

cwt.

lbs.

dozen

a^

each

of

barrels

26
3

lbs.

pennyweights,

10

weighs

packed, would
is the weight

well

and

pennyweights
Ans,

qra.

the

lbs.;

being

weighs

grains,

and

17

fiist

that

pound

ounces

have

the

cwt.

?.

they all weigh

I
30.
Suppose

lbs.

Ans.."niis4d.

29.

is

and

money

pay?

do

much

as

the

numbers

between

inequality

of

denominations.

divers

"

Rule,
may

Having

stand

are

by

the

from

the

down

arranged

tinder

line

lower

from

which

dowti

the

lower

line,

When

than
as

the

remainder,

the

subtract

th"

figure

carry
as

humber

above

it,

to

one

the
the

line,

lower
next

n6mbbr

EXAMPLES.

MOIiEY.
.

(I)

(2.)
$

cts,

""

687

45

99

48

^67

37

*l

'
"

and

the

write

tions*
denomina-

lower

before.

FEDEAAL

in

ber
numupper
tion,
denominahigher

next

in

smaller

the

increase

of

one

each

the

of

any

upper,

make

take

and

stands

the

that

so

subtract

which

remainders.

many

numbers

greater,

that

greater
as

the

cfs,

til.

and
in

set

the

01?f]IUNO

(3.):
d"

100
60

{^)

i"i

d.

*.

MONB".

qr^

"56

*"

J.

gr.

18

10

14

TROY

WEieHT.

(5.)
lb.

oz.

47

10

(6.)

dwt*

1h,

gTi

16

dwt.

oz.

100
99

18

(8.)

lb.

dor,

ton

ciat.

qr.

70

24

12

95

62

16

26

15

54

oz,

cwt.

APOTHECARIES

67

43

772

26

(10.)
dr,
6

sc.

gr.

lb,

oz*

dr,

sc.

16

43324,

(12.)
E,FL

na.

gr,

MEAS17SE.

(11.)
qr.

WEIGHT*

CLOTH

yd.

lb.

qr,

(9.)
oz.

WfilGHT.

(7.)

Jb.

16

"*

AW)IRDUPOIS

gr,

ife

qr.

(13.)
EE*

"a;

qr.

na^

65

189

60

48

160

43

WINE.

MEASURE.

(14.)
tun.

Tihd.

gal, qt. pL

996

34

645

60

Jihd,

(15.)
gal. qt. pt,

.77

.62

69

24

4d

conpgumr

Borrowed

28.
lis

6df

d"17

98

remains

another

10

or

yiz.,~A

had

lacking
how

much
I

31.
lent
at

15s

him

time

one

dollars.

Tr'isty

for

between
32.
^

viz.

"39

what

6d;

and

their

had

Paywell
and

dollars

besides

dollars

143

90

which

note
cents

he

in full for E

him
for

j the

will

Paul
0^30

rest

make

F's

Jones'
Os

6d

make

up

note

up
the

$105,06

bill

on

for

in

cash.

deficiency

nniltlplying of

416
Peter

on

balance

the
cts,

me

due,

my

10s,

^6105

9d

John

Sam

Patch

I wish

to

know^

Ss

9d.

on

for

Ans.

COMPOUND

me

14s

c5ei5

order

an

paid
time

for

me

lOd.

5s

has

gave

both

afterward

and

stands

how

Atis,
B

"5e302

as

another

at

qrs,

follows,

and

He

and

cents,

?
A

as

and

m^ch

as

;
at

due,

as

times

moVe,

cents

40

Sd

12s

dollars,

Is the

J^52

at

qrs

and

remains

much

much,

1000

45

shillings
;
28
each,
shillings

at

three

as

qrs.

viz.^

4d

178

prize-money

had

follows,

""19

how

9d

A?i".

dollars

note

sum

at

miltch

each

CI
John

I gave
lis

4d

15s

cents,

Paid

Cook's

C, drew

361

us

time
6

each

qrs

part

time

How

qrs.

aJs

6617

another

at

time

one

"15

Ans,

had

26

o675

lent

another

at

dollars,

14d

A, B, and

30.

in

paid

English guineas,

6d

196

Ans.

6d;

time

pistareens, at
unpaild ?

time

at

8d:

4s

lis

time

again

""9

o"100y and

d"21

another

at

another

at

Borrowed
time

one

and

unpaid

29.

time

another

at

paid

lOs:

"5G50

and

6d;

HtrLTipi^icfA'riON.

""20

MULTIPLICATION

numbers

of

different

denominations

simple figure or figures, whose

product shall be
numbers.
or
equal to a proposed number
the multiplier under
the lowest
Rule.- Write
tion
denominaof tlm multiplicand ; multiply every
of .the
.number
multiplicand by the multiplier, and bring the several products
the
to
denomination
next
as
they occur
higher
;
write
down
the remainderd, and
the
the
integers to
carry
next
product.
by

c^UTbvHD

41

liotvipiiicAi'idN.

TROY

WEIGHT.

(6.)

(5.)

th,

oz.

dwt,

gr.

10

14

23

76

lb,

diot.gr,

oz,

4'

11

WEIGHT.

AVOIRDUPOIS

(7.)
ton

647

(6.)
,

^6wt,

lb,

qr,
1

16

oz,

dr.

10

12

lb.
96

dr,

oz,

11

12

APOTHECARIES

WEIGHT.

(10.)

(9.)
B,

oz,

44

dr,
4

sc,

gr,
16
7

lb,
16

oz,

dr,
3

sc,

gr,
14
12

it

^ coif

P90KD

wkvi^miPiacA'noiN^

WINE

(14.)
hhd,

tun

(15.)

*"

60

1,

gat. qt. pt.

ihd,

gal. qt* pi.

3764

MEA9U"E.

900

45

11

IQ

AND

ALE

BEER

MEASURE.

(16.)
hkd.
16

(17.)
hhd.

gal. qt. pt.

18

gul. qt. pt.

S27

40

16

SOLID,

cord
i379

(25.)
Ji. in.
114

8
70

14

OR

CUBIC

MEASURE.

(26.)
ton

Jft.

in.

666

83

1726
60

Note.

take

Wbenthemoltiplierisacomposit

any
the

t"vo

such

nombets

as, when

namber,

maltiplied

and

than
12,
greater
will exactly prothose
fignres, and that

together,

of
given qaantity, and maliiply first b^ one
will
the
the
laat
be
the
othei^
prodact
When
by
answer.
no
product
apd
the multiplier, yoa
niunbers, multiplied
exactly make
together, will
two
the nearest
whose
then
mulprodact will come
multiply by any two
may
;
t
he
what
added
line
x"eiQ"i"ed
the
last
which,
to
ti]^y nppdr
by
prodtict,
;
dace

gives

the

aoBwer.
.

BlLIi

OF

PABClOiS.

44

What

29.
9

is the
3

cwt.

What

30.

3 cwt.

gals. 3 qts.
In

32.

naany.
In ^
33.

pr., how

21

weight
lbs T

of 7 bhds.

weight

of

'

'

6 chests

pt *?

Ans.

each

yds.

971

1 rood

acres

Ans,

129

acrs,

each

containing

parcels of wood,

26ibs.

I qr.

containing 1 4

cwt.

ing
weigh-

each

of tea,

Am.

acres

69

containing 41
376 gals, 3 qts, 1 pt,
measuring^? yds. 3qrs.,

yards?
fields, each

ing
weigh-

each

of sugar,

Ams,

pieces of cloth,

many

In

.34.

35

how

mriUiOK.

Ans.
21 cwt,
qfs. 9 lbs ?
much
brandy in 9 casks, each

How

31.

96

qrs. 12
is the

eoJAtovvfh

I qr,

25

roo.

pr.

and

cords

25

and

feet,
35. A
ing
gentleman having 18 silver spoons, each weigh2 oz.
1*5 dwt.
11 grs. ; jalso 24 tea-spoons, each weighing
10 dwt.
and
14 grs.;
2 silver tankards, each
weighing
15 dwt.
oz.
Pray, what is the weight of the whole I
feet, how

many

cords?

Ans,

Ans,

cords

34

lbs, 10

oz,

64

dwt.

6 grs.

r.'M

COMPOUND
Teacheth

to

find how

DIVISION
often

number

one

is

t:ontained

in

of different denominations.

another

Rule.

nation
Begin aV the left hand, and divide each denomithe quotients under
by the divisor, setting down
But if there be a remainder
respective dividends.
dividing any of the denominations
except the least,

their
after
find

how

ofthe
many
add it to the

to, and
denomination

dn, till the

The

next

method

of

then

it is

denomination

if any,
divide the

number,

before,
whole

lower

which
sum

equal

in this

was

usual^ and

as

so

is finished.

proof is

the

same

STERLING

as

in

Simple Division.

MONET.

(2.)
.

06

3)375
125

s,

d,

qr,

13

COMPOUN0

45

.DITIglON.

WEiaHT.

TBOy
"

(4.)

(3.)
73.

dwt,

oz,

8)44

i:^

lb,

gr,
4

7)75

AVOIRDUPOIS

(5.)
cwt

ton

qr,

16

9)48

lb,"

diet,

oz.

16

WEIGHT.

(6.)

14

lb.

dr.

oz,

13

12)337

sc,

gr,

14

lb,

E.E.

na.

10)99

qr.

7)88

(11.)

nd.

E,Fl.

qr,

8)77

na.

MEASURE.

(13.)

gal, qt. pt,

^6

gr.

_
'

(12.)
hhd.

9C,

1114

(10.)

WINE

tun

dr.

MEASURfi.

'

6)74

oz,

4)37

(9.)
qr,

WEIGHT.

CLOTH

yd.

(8.)

dr,

dr.

oz.

11)14

12

(7.)
vz,

19

"

APOTHECARIES

7b,

gr,

ALE

khd.

gal, qt,

9)777

AND

BEER

44

MEASUR1C.
'

(14. )h
r JiJid,

11)83

(1^.)

gal. qt, pt,

53

hhd,

0
^

6)911

"-

gal, qt, pt.

45

^6

DXTlilON.

COMTOVNB

MEASURE.

DEY

(17.)

(16.)
ehah

gal, qtp

hu.

7)34

9)643

3.

deg,
3)47

m,

(18.)
fur, p. ft,

49

27

in, h,
10

gal, qt,

33

MEASURE.

LONG

bu.

(19.)
m,
fur,
7)37 4

c,

r,

30

MEASURE.

LAND

(20.)

(21.)

iun',

12)46

TOO,

r,

18

act,

12)974

CUBIC

OR

SOLIDy

'per,

roo,

37

MEASURE.

(23.).

(22.)
ton

ft,

in,

11)91.

39

144

ion

11)684

ft,

in,

17

1727

TIME.

(24.)
yr.

12)365

da.

hr,

113

11

(25.)
m,

39

sec,

yr,

49

9)4

da. hr,
1

m.

T~^
"*"

48

FRAGTlOiM.

J"iSCIMA|i

Divide

28.

Bought

29.
3 lb. 2

quartfi of
Ans"l

eilver spoonsy

12

dwt.

13

oz.

contain

and

gallaas

soldiers.

144

among

Ans,

Bought

30.

silver did

much

one-third

17

it ; how

of

remains

much

From

tailor

ordered

was

of

one-third

contain

coat

If

32.

calendar

3 qr. 22

make

soldiers'

piece

how

spends

14a 6d

c"74

year,

"

Prince

of

Wales'

"alary

which

the

the

remainder

are

125

is

worth

divided

equally

in number

prize

one-halfj the

takes

owner

j^ow

unit, with
has

as

^(Pb

d"410

officers
among

respectively.

of the

separatrix are
and
5*tenth8,

,125

to

the

tenfold
5

19s

year;

2d.

dollars, of
one-fourth, and
the sailors, who

sailbr's

part %

$24,93

cts.

denominator

whose

is

an

one

The

numbers

whole
or

actions, and

half

the

of

figuresto
;

the

thus, 4,5

another

to

left hand, the

value

hand

are

expressed
left hand

yards

is 4

yard.

make
no
right
in their value;
of
3 "^0 ,500, "c., are decimals
value, being each
equal to J; but w;hen placed

Ciphets placed
tmrsame

is that

decimal.fr

are

,25

alteration

6^d,

I9s.

it as the numerator
to
ciphers annexed
is usually expressed by writing the numerator
it, called the separatrix;
a
point before

by ,5

yards

na,

many

places, and
only, with

thus, fi} i^

each

FEACTIONS.

Fraction

Decimal

did

is that per

""5

Ans.

DECIMAL

took

12,465

id each

much

nails,

qr. 2

is dei50,000
Ans.

per day?
privateer takes

34.

what

Ans.

is that

what

yds. 1

month

yards

out

Z6".

which

coats,

many

Ans.

yards

64

grs.

sold

11 cwt.

containing

The

33.

whole

the

man

to

and
?

cloth

of

piece

spoon

11

unsold

Ans.
31.

each

dwt.

oz.

lbs. of sugar,

19

3qrs.

cwt.

gill a pi"ee-

together weighed

which

gr., how

12

br"ndy e^ally

of the

proportioa; thus, 5,

05

of decimals

fraction

,005, Sec,

is decreased
are

5 tenth

in

parts,

hundredth
parts, 5 thousandth
parts, respectively.
The
different value of figures will a|)pear plainerby tbe

feUowing
J

From
increase
BO

and

above

the
in

decimals
that in

talxle

49

FRACTIONS.

DECIMAL

itfippearsthat

whole

as

numbers

propoition from units to the left hand,

decrease
in the same
proportion to the right :
the place of a
decimals, as in whole
numbers,
tenfold

figure determines

its relative

value.

Example for writing DecimaJs.

Five

tenths,

Five

hundredths,

Five

thousandth,

Five

hundred

thousandths,
Fifty-three thousandths,
Five and fifteen hundredths,

ADDITION
Rule,

Place

points may

the

stand

fi^
,005
,0005

OF

given

,5

"

6,15

DECUVTALS.

numbers

under
directly

,053

...

so

each

6
,

the

that

other

then

decimal
add

as

50

whole

in

to

right as
places in

decimal

the

places for
point off so many
are
equal to the greatest number
any of the given numbers.

and

numbers,
the

124,484

1020,31

Required,

4.

ninety-seven

and

5.
cents,

two

34,47

and

four

hundredths, twenty-

four-tenths.

and

of

ten

and

and

dollars

two

Am.

dollars

three

mills, nine

pointsmay
decimal

the

cents

and

$13,32

the

cis.7m.

DECIMALS.

given numbers
each
stand directlyunder
in Addition.
as
places,^

Place

twenty-nine

eight mills.

OF

SUBTRACTION

942,993009.

and

Am.

Rule.

of

twenty-nine and three-tenths,

nine
millionths,
seventy-four and
and
hundred
fifty-three
thousandths,

Required) the sum

ninety-threecents

mills,and

mals
deci-

of

fifteen

and

hundred

one

seven,

sum

and

hundred

three

six

the

hundred

three

DECIMALS.

OF

SUBTRACTION

AND

ADDITION

that

so

decuHal

the

other, Qjid point off

EXAMPLES.

(3.)

(2.)

(1.)
-

From
Take

4.

219,42
184,38

87,26

35,04

67,86

From

two

19,4

thousand
and

thousand

one

57,

four

and

and

four

9,375
47,625

hundredths,

sixteen

millionths.

*"
.

Am.
5. From

and

twenty-four

one-tenth, (ake

thousand

fourteen

nine

take

996,59996.
and
nine

hundred

thousand

aad

twenty-nine

Ans. 10909,071.

thK^andthi.
^

MULTIPLICATION

6. Take

eighty-fiveand

thousandths
7.

take
four
8.

three

from

From

hundred

one

hundred

seven

and

and

thirty-onedollars
dollars

seventeen

dollars

and

eight cents,

mills.

Am,

MULTIPLICATION
Multiply

exactly
off

product

cut

hand

there

as

three

take

should

as

whole

figures

many

decimals

are

not

in

have

bo

and

cents

ti^m.

cts.

dollar and

one

$9,07

cts,

and

numbers,
for

in both

m.

factors

the

to

but
;

the

the

from

decimals

supply

many,

cents,

DECIMALS:

OF
as

14,263.
two

$413,98

Am,
ten

thirty-seven

Ans.

mills.
From

and

hundred.

one

hundred

five

51

0BC1MALS.

OF

right

if the

defoct

by

duct
propie-

fixingciphers.

(2.)
29,831
,952
59662

149155
268479

28,399112

(5.)
,29
,1

,029

Note.

"C.V

is

towards

To

multiply

only
the

to

decimal
the

remove

there

right as

are

fractions

by 10, IQO, 1000,

so
sepjBtratrix
oMUiy places
ciphers.

\ 10,
Tl,"".
Thus

^690^7
7,362937

1 73,62937

I 736.2937

J 100,

"

7352,937

^^^^^

(.10000,
6.

Multipl|"two

twenty-ieven.

thousaBd

and

four

and

J 73629,37

two-tenths

Jm*

54113^4.

by

52

OF

DIVISION

Divide

in whole

as

DEOIMALS.

OF

DIVISION
Rule,

D":CIMAL8.

from

and

numbers,

liand of the

the

right

for

decimals
quotient point off as many
places
those
decimal
the
of the
exceed
as
places in the dividend
divisor.
If the places of the quotient are
not
so
as
many
the rule requires, supply the defect
by prefixing ciphers.
If

at

in the

to

diyisor

degree

any

be

to

remainder,
those

the

dividend,

and

decimal

the

or

in

than

more

are

annexed

be

may

there

time

any

thjB dividend,

places

ciphers

quotient carried

the

of exactness.
EXAMPLES.

(2.)

(.1)
92),803972(,OO9391
-

,853)89.000(104^337

828

853

359

3700

276

3412

837

2880

828

2559

92

3210

92

2559

6510
5971

539
3.

Divide

,803

by ,22

4.

Divide

8,03

Divide

by
,803 by

2,2

5.

6.

Divide

80,3

7.

DivHIe

8.

To

Divide

reduce
Rule.

22

stveral

36.,*"

8,65
,60821+
denominaiione

the sevfei*aldenominations

letting the highest

3,65

,0365

by ,2^5
80,3 by 2,2
222
by 865

quarUiiieeof
Place

Ana.

denomination

stand

to

above
at

the

each
bottom

^iv

decimaL

other,
; then

53

REDUCTION.

divide

in

vahie

the

the

denomination,

next

top) by its
quotient will give
the

at

last

required*

decimal

the

(beginning

denomination

each

EXAMPLES.

1. Reduce

6d

12s

3qrs

of

decimal

the

to

pound.

3.

12

6,75

20

12,5625

,628125
Reduce

2.

9d

ISs

3qrs

the

to

decimal

of

pound.

Am.
3.

Reduce

Note.
with

shillings

the

number

odd,

be

of

shilling.

half

even,

Ans.

,8125.

the

number,

decimal

expression ; but if
cipher to the shilling, and

annex

by halving them,

then,

are

their

point prefixed, is

the

When

decimal

Sqrstothe

9d

,790625.

will

you

have

their

from

one

decimal

ex*

passion.

Tj^ACHETH
to

REDCJCTION

^;

change

t6

without
aSol|ier,

When
to

it is

higher

it is called

are

to

Reduction

to

are

be

Descending,
When

brought to
Ascending,

of

numbers

higher

and

it is

duced
re-

and
a

nation,
denomi-

ed
perform-

Division.
REDUCTION

Rule.
the

denomination

Reduction

be

denomination

value.

by Multiplication.

denomination

by

their

it is called

lower,

performed

lower

losing
of

numbers

numbers

next

product

Multiply
less
the

as

DESCENDING.

the

highest

make

one

parts of the

same

denomination

of

the
name,

by

greater,
and

so

as

many

adding
oa

to

to

of
the

tb"V^siXv

S4

RBDUCTIOir.

EXAMPLES.

In

1.

6d

lis

oC987

3 qrs., how
987

farthings ?

many

14

20

19754

shilJings.
12

237054

pence.
4

farthings.

948219
2. In

11

dwt.

13

oz.

grs., how

13

grains'!

many

Ans.
3.

In

4.

In

13

cwt.

qrs.

Ibs.^ how

21

5605

Ans,

be

365

57

bow

years,

days

6 hours

Am.

Divide

nomination

denomination

the

number

of

one

if any,

by

the

next

and

the

will

be

requirad,

remainders,

several

In

46788

499662

as

the

so

d^pto

on

the

answer.

"

many

and

quotient,with

last

*..

how
farthings^,

of that

many

higher,

EXAMPLES.

to

year
hour*.

ASCENDING.

thte given
make

as

lbs,

1561

hours" allowing each

many

REDUCTION
Rule,

pounds

many

grs,

pence'',

shillings,aind
""'

pounds?

:'

4)46788
12)11697
2,0)97,4"9
48-14-9

Ans.
1.

In

900

how
farthings,

many

pounds

^"48

14^

9d.

i"0

ISs

9d.

Ans.
3.

dacb
4.

In

243648

how
farthings,

many

dollars,

Reduce

Ans,
13776

pence

ta

gumea.B,

at

846

shillings

dollars,

^'^^ ^"t

^"\vsv^^.

50

PROFOirriOIf.

OF

RULES

and divisioD wre

thing Tvhere
maltiplication
how
It is very important, not
to
only to know
the
solve
various
rules, but also how
propositions under
expeditiously. The principle of
they may be solved most
almost

every
concerned.

is doubtless

cancelling

arithmetical
into the

acquaint
expeditiou

to

This

The

with

is

attained

in

the

operation both

size

of

five

times

is founded

of any

as

is

five, and
If
Second,

on

and

solution

their

of

on

the

sums

large, the

as

are

First,

relative

dividend

the

value

as

division.

ratio, or

is, if

is,

peculiar

such

fbllowing facts

the

numbers

more

or

which

multiplication and

that
divided
;
the divisor, the

large as
if it be eight times
two

introduced

been

ever

object of
principleby which

quotientdepends

numbers

the

has

The

mathematics.

scholar

principle
value

that

the

in their

involve

for facilitating

greatest desideratum

problems
of

science

the

be

of the

quotient

value

is 8, "c.

be

multiplied

to

divided

by any other number,

the
of these
result is obtained
true
by first dividing one
then
and
numbers,
by the dividing number,
multiplying
the quotient by the remaining number
numbers.
Thus,
or
the prodivide
if it be required to multiply 8 by 4 and
to
duct
the
divide
and
8
2
first
quotient by
by
by 2,
multiply
together,

4, thus, 87-2=4,
process

will

be

product

and

obvious

more

wish
to
Suppose we
the product by 144,

The

4+4=16.

multiply
the

000

usual

if

we

advantage of this
take
large numbers.

1728

by 16,

and

process

would

be

to

divide

thus

other

only

scholar

^^

times/ and
which

ration,

nearly

the

dividing by
a

bers

to

numbers

For

mode

it may

divided

be

parts of

is the

the

be

divided

as

instead

operation is

before
of

instead

the

to

be

of

operation would

by

be

product

follows, viz

as

42

36

num*

bers,
num-

numbers

of 6 and

product

of

multiplication,

the

the

or

same

require the product of several

by the product of several other
may

any

number

number,

any

When

Fourth,

illustration, suppose
divided

an
ope"
reduced

each

by

explanation, it

no

quotients used,

their

is

to

as

divided

be

these

42

be

itself.

nature,

is often

component

number

that

so

1728

protracted,
operation. Third, When
divided
by the product of two

needs

This

separately.

such

to

is 192

16

in

is eoiatftined

144

tbe
The

mental

numbers,

smaller

the

that

by

advantage.

and

long

is

still anotber

times

12

requked,

figuresare

glance

that

is

number

more

quite to

or

large

and

at

46

is

There

22.

can

twelve

of

method,

usaal

the

By

ST

PROFORTION.

or

RVLSS

of

selves.
them36

7, the

and
usual

000

But

and

424-7=6,

Ans.

were,

expunged

364-6=6,
principle,
In

and

sors
example the divilost, since they divide

this

or

remainder.

without

for

multiply
divide

fourth

6+6=3(3.

it

as

are,

But

preceding

the

by

the

desirable

further
the

illustration,suppose

numbers

72, 40, 84

and

product successivelyby
to

arrange

these

convenientlycompared

num\"eT^

witVv eacYi
5*

required to
together,and to

it be
36

12, 8, 144
^o

and

7.

It is

xcv?c^"a"k
\?cvaX.\^^^

oxVvet*

'^^

n^^^^^^

58

PROPORTIOBC.

or

RULS8

wbose

numbers
will place the
: ^We
following mode
product IB to form a dividend, on the right hand
product is
perpendicular line, and those whose
the

divisor,

Now,

144

without

the

fourth

the

by

divide

left hand

the

on

thus

by 5,
thus

and

obtain

form

principle laid down,

and

in

72

the

2 in the

dividend
divisor

can

by 72,
1 in

and

divide

also

can

to

obtain

I1

I 40

184

136

12
I

thus

last

and

remainder,

dividend,

and

divisfir

the

in

side,

side of

40

in the
the

in

dividend
dividend

5 in

and
and

in

the
the

divisor

divisor,

Again,

can

by 7,

and

divisor, thus

Again,

can

divide

in

84

obtain

12

the
in

dividend
the

and

dividend

and

in the
1

in

visor
dithe

divide

or

12

in tide "m""a^

vkv^^

vd^x^qa

and

by 2,

diT^r

obtain

divisor, thus

die

It is

divide

of the

side

product

The

those
the

obtained
side

12

made.

the

the

on

It

The

the

to

right
left.

the

,and of
been

have

no

numbers

omitted,

means

be

statement

new

One

necessary.

noticed

in

that

remainder.

rules

in all

will

be

oper^ions

GENERAL

1st.

and

statement

instance

every
Such

ways
al-

must

case.

learner

Rule

is

144i_l=144,
would

result

same

the

been

will

following

the

remaining on
product of those on
right is 4+12-|-3=144

ther
far-

no

together on the right

of the
line, and
dividing their product by the
left hand
the
those
side, previous to canon
been
the above
have
example, as the numbers

the

The

1 in

therefore,

step,

therefore

is eflfected without

be

carried

be

can

next

left 1+1+1+1=1"

sufficient.

division

and

numbers

line, by

those

division

The

of the

they have
This is by

cancelled

for

by multiplying

product of
celling. In

is

the

required.

number

hand

of

the

on

that

product

the

hand

remainder.

without

dividend

6 in the

or

evident

now

Draw

found
of

guide

competent

cancelling:

RULES.

this line
perpendicular line ; observe
the
the right hand
side
sign of equality. On
represents
the left hand
of this line, place dividends
side
only ; on
the right
place divisors only. Having placed dividends
on
and

divisors

and

3d.

the

whether
the

Notice

there

line; if
whether

so,

the

and

left of the

Notice,

again,

right
4th.

line

left, as

directed,

above
are

erase

ciphers both
an
equal

the

on

right
from

number

side.

each

of

left

the

on

Notice

2d.

will

divide

remainder;

number.

same

line ; if so,

any

if any
number

if so,

divide

erase

number
on

and

on

t\ie
exb"^

stands
them

either

both

on

both.
side

of

t^Na

o^^o%\\ft i\\"e^^'w:^^'viX
Xlcvei V"o

Tvs"5^"^^^

60

FBACTIOKf

vm."Aft"

retaining the quotient figure only

the

on

side

of the

each

side,

larger

number.
5th.

See

if

divided

by

any

divide

numbers,

two

any

assumed

number

without

by that number,

them

in the

Proceed

on

one

retain

and

as

manner,

same

if so,

remainder;

be

can

only, their quotients.

far as practicable,

then,
all

Gjth. Multiply

remaining

numbers

the

the

right
remaining,

on

hard
the

left foi:

7th.

Divide,

on

Note,

If

line, that
it stands

line for

of the

side

dividend,

those

divisor.

and

only

the

is the

quotient

number

one

either side

on

of the

divisor, according

or

right or
not
regarded in the operation,
either to multiply or divide
by.
the

answer.

remain,

dividend

is the

number
on

and

left of the

line.

figure 1 iS:
avails nothing

The
it

because

a"

m"I^K.']MHMMMMN^

VULGAR
Fractions

broken

or

assignable part of
numbers,
placed
line

drawn

Fractions

The

number
and

numerator,

either

the

how

zontal
hori-

the

below

line
parts

many

shows

numerator

the

by

meant

are

that

any
two

horizontal

above

shows

into, andtfthe

parts
are

other, with

denominator

The

of those

many

the

are

the

them.

is divided

integer

the

above

expressions for
represented by

are

and

Unit,

one

is called

denominator.

numbers,

an

between

line
the

FRACTIONS.

how

fraction.

improper, compound,

proper,

or

mixed.
A

Ist.
than

the

fraction

proper

denominator,

is when

the

J. |, f }f

as

2.

equal
3.

An
to

known

4.

ipiproper
or

mixed
and

Mixed

numberif

numerator,

than

denominator,

the
to

aiid

the

or

fraction,
may
whole

the

is

be

the

fraction

i""either

numerator
as

\y ^^, f, Y4V"

of

fractions, and

|^ of |-of |^^^t'S ^^ f

of, as

number

number

multiplying
fraction,and

is when

word

the

^L^^* ToVyVaW*'

fraction

fraction

compound
by

greater

is less

numerator

fraction
as

"f

reduced
number

product
place it over

^^

is

composed of a whole
12|, 1728f, aaOODSy^"^.
to

by
add

^^

fractions, by
improper
the denominator
of the

the

numerator

t\xe detiomYooXox.

for

new

ADDITION

ADDITION

^, f f

add

merely

^,

the

the

numbers

place

the

common

the

for

numerators

the

different

the

same

fractions

subtract

and

the

least

swer.
an-

largest

the

numbers,

be

can

the

to

resolved

is retained,

into

in

above.

as

denominator,

common

nators
denomi-

all other

or

question, after which

multiply
to
or
a
figures or numbers

factor

common

any

thrown

or

and

tained
con-

tor
denomina-

other

any

cancelled

are

raise

properties of figures

largestdenominator

in the

which

add
a

mon
com-

and

denominator

common

is retained, but

according

which,

to

denominator,

proportion, after which

fractions
to
bring different
denominator

common

denominators

common

by

numerators

having

not

different

the

bring

multiple, or

least

we

nominator
de-

2^,
add

denominator,

To

their

here

9 under

the

and

sum

amples
Ex-

J-,f, ^, f, f together=2^=5t*|^ ; adding

nator
denomihave
25, placing the common
we
have
the improper fraction
25, we
^, or 2
or
integers, and ^, making the mixed

numerators,

To

together, equal ^
of

formed,
per-

add

Again,

fraction

added

easily

are

denominators.

common

numerators,

under

whble

have

fractions

FRACTIONS.

fractions

of

61

FBACTlONfl.

OF

subtraction

and

if the

OF

SUBTRACTION

AND

AddltioTi

the

SUBTRACTION

AND

of

out

the

tors
remaining denominacontinued
product, for the
the

denominator.

common

Find

Example.
in the

the

following

least

denominator

common

series

of

from

denominators,

tiple
mul-

or

10

2 to

inclusive, viz.,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 10 being the largest

is retained
with
has no
in common
factor
denominator,
; 9
10,

therefore

4 is set

with

factors,
the

10, 9,
2

down
or

7 has

two

9 ; therefore

is contained
6

is left

in

10, therefore

cancelled

in

4, therefore

is left

cancelled

in

9, therefore

is left

cancelled

in

Now,

is

10, therefore

the numbers

retaaned

left

2
ox

out
\b

:
:

3
2

in

is

is

4 ;

mon
com-

has
in

contained

is contained

out:

out

is

cancelled

or

out

leaves

factor

or

is retained

in

factor

or

info

relation

no

cancelled

or

relation

cancelled

therefore

4;

3 ; the

and

3 in

has

10, viz., 2, which

with

common

and

is retained:

thereford^9

two

10,
oi;,.^.
or

contained

or

contiiined

or

\e^t. ovxV

Tem^\\ivci^"'HvtM^^"^'"^

62

una

AADlTlOSf

7, multiplied

to

continued

of

denominator
raise

which

BOnTRkOVlOif

the

the

form

product,
above

in

numerators

is, by dividing the

rRAOTlONl.

or

numbers,
the

proportion

same

; and

of

add

then

this done,

by
that

denominator,

multiple by each
quotient by the numerator

multiplying the
spective denominators
viously*

mon
com-

viz., 2520,

common

and

least

the

the
as

re*

pre"

EXAMPLE.

8404^10=

3^, f f f ^V

Add

84

8404-

8=105

"21

21

840J1.

7=120

"10

10

840i.

7=120

"

"

"

840i.Sl=

Common

840

40

denom.

2351

23514.S40=2|XJ

Answer.

principle of cancelling again. Suppose

it be
required to divide the product of 144, 77, 39,
and 96 by the product of 9, 16.ai,
7.
13, 8, 6 and
The
the
above
and
statement
to
the
ing,
followexample,
But

24

to

will

h^re

solved

be

obtain

may

to

return

our

without

repetition,

views

accurate

relative

to

that

the

learner

mode

of solution

those

remaining

the

presented.

Statement

to

the above

example

384

The

numbers

unmarked
answer,

the

and

Sgure^

4 and

The

384.

right hand

gether,
Iiaad

are

marked

and

96,

being multiplied together give

result

numbers

divided

by

cancelled,

are

would
been

the

numbers*

have

been

the

same

the

had

multiplied continually toproduct of the left

continued

64

8UBTRA.0110N

AND

AMHTiaif

To

multiply
by

Of

rSACTlOKf.

8001
735

40005
240U3

5t)007

2d.

To

divided

he

by 7)5880735(840105
1683

33

51
2520315

"

6720840

33

5040630

165

840105
l(5a3

11+2667=29337)1413896715(48195
117348

240416
2:^4696

57207
29337

278701

264033
146685
146685

And

to

multiply

by 84+50=4200

48195
4200

9639000
192780

To

divide

34+81

by)
=2704)

202419000(73500
19278

9639
8262

"

13770
13770

t^O

But

accoixling
thus

to

simplified

our

65

FRACTIONS.

OP

OltTIPLIGATION

If

system

would

we

ceed
pro-

8001"

"7

3-

735

"11

i 33"

"2667

3"

I
"2
"3

34
"81

"9

51"

17"

S4"

12"

50

By

the

usual

it

process

Our

simplified

Result.

73500

requires

figures.

235
42

process

Difference

193

MULTIPLICATION

FRACTIONS.

OF

Rule.

and

the

multiplier,

line, and
Note.

the

Place

the

denominators

The

right,

re'*

and.

denominators

the

the

of
of

on

perpendicular
side.

the

numerators

the

left. Is, that

denominators

and

multiplicand

the

opposite

placing

thus

dividends,

are

the

on

for

sen

side

hand

right

the

on

both

numerators,

are

EXAMPLE.

Multiply

of

of

of

i^ by f

"7

of

39

7"

4"^

"5

10"

"12
"7

5"

"7

6-

"60
9
"

49"

1=J

Answer.

of

If.

divisors,

on
merators
nu-

66

MULTIPLICATION

OF

FRACTIOKS;

;*";

Required the
of ^f of
L"j.
1^ of a
27.

in

cost

dollars

and

cents

of

off of^of
iV of Aof
{%

3| of^of f of f of
of ^ of
\ of a yard orpilotcloth, at J of -| of f of f of 3^^
Ans.
of a dollar per yard.
of 3| of ^
$ 0.00.166+.
Multiply I of I of f of J of 18 by ^ of ^^ of f of ^

of

40.

I
Multiply J

of

of

of

Answer.

15

of

T^yof ^

by 3^

of

of

of

of

1000.
"4

"5

4-

"7

"8

"12
"

7"
5

24"

"10

2"

"100

20"

4"

1000"

Multiply

of

ff

of

4f

"3
5

Answer.

24

of

15

by 7^^

of

10-

"25

20"

"5

24"
15"

"10

73"

"24

8
7

"3615

35

5"

\ 192=5Vt

J^^^^^Y

^.

OP

MULTIPLICATION

67

9RAOTIONS.
"

A-

Multiply \bj \.

1.

i-

Ana.
^

Aii8.|.

2.

"

Jbyf

3.

"

ioffbyf.

Ans.

i,

Ans.

1^.

by

off.

4.

"

5.

"

J off off by ^ off.

6.

"

Tof^i^off off byf

7.

"

Joffoff

8.

"

of

loffofiof

10.

"

fof Aoff

11.

"

12.

"

13.

"

14.

"

15.

"

4fby^ofi.

16.

"

3f

1 7.

"

18.

"

of

Joff byfofS.

of

of

of

of

I by f

What

20.

Required

will

of

2f

of

cost

of 5.

J-of

of

of

of

3f

of

Required

of

4 and
at

lbs.

If
of

of

cents

pork

1.
96.

3^%.

Ans.

1.

Am.

I.

4f

Ans.

per
Ans.
at

lb. 1

2f cts,
4f cental
16

cts.

of

of

3f yards
tape at
21 cents
Ans.^If cts.
per yard.
will f off off of 2f yards of ribbon
22.
What
cbst
at f
1
Ans.
of 5f cents
4ff cts.
pet yard
of
of
of
7
24. A
f
f
yards of
gentleman purchased f
cassimere
at f of 3f dollars
Re(]Wed the cost.
per yard.
Ans. f of a dollar.
25.
Required the cost off off of f of f of 5f yards of
satinet at f of f of 3f dollars per
yard.
Ans.
2f dollars,
and
26. Required the cost
in dollars
of f of f of
cents
at f of y"^of
I of f of f of f of 4f yards of broadcloth
of ff of yV of 8f dollars
Ans.
$ 1 3 1^^^.
yer yard.
^
will f of f off of fof ^^ o"\ o^ ^\ ^^x^^ ^^^
What
21.

cost

Ans-f.

Ans.

Ans.

of

1.

^^. Ans.

lb.

the

Ans,

Ans.

of 8.

cost

2.

Ans.

of4.

4.

^ by

Am.

Ans.

f by 4f

of

3J

lbs. of beef

the

3f of^of

6f off off by f

2f

of

of4iby3Sj.of3f of^.

2^off'of8by
f

of 10.

off off

off byf
3^ by I

SofXof

19.

per

of

Ans:|.

off

of 8.

f by ^

"

9.

Ans.f

off

ofAbyfoff

of

^.

Ans.

'

tof
in

doUara

yard?

and

cents,

'

at

t of
^

o5 ^
^-^
^
Tg

ol

Vi\

^vS^^x^

^^^

^Ktv^^^^^-

68

28.

of

OF

imriSION

Y^y of
per

FKACTI0K8.

gentleman purchased ^
^ of a yard of broadtiloth
yard. Required the cost

of

of

^V
f

at

in

|-of f

of

dollars

of

and

Ans.

|.''of
4-f-

.^ of

of

lars
dol-

cents.

61+.

18

$0

n"i

DIVISION
Rule,

Place

denominators

line, ai^d

This

the

the

divisor

divisor

ia called

.r"
Divide

on

of

if

of

on

right

of

the

dividend

the left hand

125

4i'

by |

hand

and

side
and

of

the

the
the
merators
nu-

side.

divisor.

[ 27=lfJ..
of

dividend,

the

the

inverting the

16

y^

of

numerators

denominators

the
of

Note.

the

of

FRACTIONS.

OF

of

Answer.

I 108=^1

of

y^jof ^

Answer.

of

100.

MVI^TIPLIiSATION

Divide

AND

DIVISION

I of T^ off off

of 4*

by |f

1 5=y^

112

T^of T"5 of 12^'^by 8^

Divide
Divide

3f

Divide

j-of i

Divide

by f
f of^ of

of

of

3^

of

^^of 4

of

| of

of

of 10.
of 4*

Ans.
of

X.

ff.
Ans.

of

)0
100

Divide

xfo
of

of

11

of

128.

Ans.
l"yi of f of :j^^
f
'^^
of
^ of If of 60, Ans. ^17|^.
f

by |of ^^

80

of

|g

of

^^

of 444.
Ans.

18

and

of

purchased ^

men

divided

it

|^ of |-of |-of 24
the

equally. Required

yards

share

bought J

men

it

equally

of

of

of 4f

pounds
Required

them.

among

T^

Ans.
12

men

ship Henry

purchased
Clay.

off

What

of

of A

part. did

each

AND

MULTIPLICATION

of

of

of sugar,
the share

man*

1^2^.

of

cloth

of each.

Ans.
4

60.

Answer.

^
of
by ^
|

of 60

69

FRACVfOyS.

OP

of

own

DIVISION

of

f
?

yard.

and

vided
di-

of eacfap

i^ of a ]b.
+f of the
Ans. ^j.
OF

FRACTIONS.
1.

Divide

of 19

by "

of

|*,
atid

19

multiplyit by J

Ans.

of 6.

70

HVL^lPLICATION

%.

Divide

Divide
for

the

the*

of

3+

product

i by

by ^

of

i
of

Divide

FlULe^lON*.

by f of ,9.
again by 2f of 7

Multiply

10.

3,

Multiply

it

answer.

I
3.

OF

DIT18ION

AcNB

Divide

by |

f
of

60

of

I by ^ of 8.
12.
Multiplv

Ans.

it

Multiply
by

f of

by f

20.

of

Divide

of

1 2.

by

of

8.

Multiply

by ^

of

30.

4,

Divide

20| by

fj.

I 24=3f

Multiply

Ans.

by 30f

Divide

by 5f

72

REDUCTION

7.

by f

t of
Uivide by f

by f of 5. Multiply
of 1 5.
vide
DiMultiply by f of 12.
Divide
by i of 12.
Multiplyby H of 4.

of

Multiply t
of 6.

by i of 6.
Multiply by n

Divide

9.

of 100.

REDUCTION
Place

Rule,

righthand
nator
as

are

on

the

to

given fraction

of the

numerator

place also

reduce

required,then proceed

as

on

the

left,such

denomination

the

on

the

its denon^i-

perpendicularline, and

left,then

necessary

FRACTIONS.

OF

side of the

the

FRACTIONft.

OF

numbers

given

to

that

before.

EXAMPLES.

Reduce

f of

the

farthingto

far 4

1 penny

"12

\
64

shilling.

3 far.

pence

fraction of

shilling

\ 1=1

i\ ^att. oi

tL

\i!ta"\% A"a\

^ of

Reduce

2,

of

fraction

the

to

penny

79

FRAOTiOlffl.

OF

REDUCTION

pound.

5
12

"20

I 1=3^0

300

I'o of

Reduce

3.

gallon

"""of

Reduce

I l=sH)

Ans.

Troy

ounce

one

hogshead.

"63

90

4.

of

7"

10
9

fraction

the

to

Ans.

Ans,

pound.
a

of
"*",*

Reduce

5.

pound, avoirdupois,to

Ans.

3 of

Reduce

nail

the

to

fraction

of

Ell

an

ft of

Reduce

fraction

the

to

penny

French.
6^.

of

Jl of

8.

hour

an

fraction

the

to

of

fractions
Rule.

right

on

side

the

Place

the

of the

left

line

as

9 0*

8.

equivalent

to

the

given

fraction

on

the

perpendicular line, and the denominator

before, then
place on^ the right hand
numbers

such

denomination

the

of

numerator

of the

side

high denominations

denominations.

of low

hand

of

fractions

reduce

a^ year.

Ans.
To

pound.

Ans.

Reduce

of

1^-4.

Ans.
7.

g^e.

fraction

the

cwt.

6.

of

fraction

the

to

given

to

necessaVy

are

as

required,

that

then

to

reduce

proceed

as

before.
EXAMPLES.

9.

Reduce

9*6of

the

shillingto
"8

"96

fraction

of

farthing.

12"
4"

I 1=^

of

farthing;.

Atu;

74

BEDUCTION

Reduce

10.

Jo o^

CURRENCIES.

OF

pound

"360

of

fraction

the

to

penny.

1
0

2"

12"

-j^of

Reduce

II.

pound

Ans.

I 2:^f

Troy

to

fraction

the

of

an

ounce.

I1

"15

12.

Reduce

13.

Reduce

of

-^

90

I 4=^

AnS'

to

penny
^^^

0^000

! 12"

^^^

fraction

the

Reduce

y|^

Reduce

^tW

of

Ell

of

an

English

to

the

to

y"^^

fraction

the

of

an

Ans,

STATES

UNITED

England
Virginia
New

f 3

Teunesse

York

North

Carolina

^^

New

l""3
f 3

South

Carolina

"

shillings

10,00
60

"

2S

"

pence

"'""'

$1,00

T"'

^s]??
[*/l"l""g'
",, 'f

'J7

Maryland

"*

^^

Pennsylvania
Delaware

equal
shillings

Uf
3

Jersey

MONEY.

J oCS

Kentucky

New

CURRENCIES.

OF

REDUCTION.

The

ley
bar-

f^,
practice of
Ans,
^,

nail.
1^.

farthing.
Ans. ^.

Ans,

corn.

14.

fraction

^^

^^

of

pence

shi!l, 6 pence

25

equal $1.00
"

shillings
pence

" P""""
] ^J^'^^'

(7

"

Bhi\V\T\s%

8,00

"

40

"

10

|J^
\"5"^

liuur.

^.

REDUCTION

change

To

Rule.
hand

side
of

of the

United

pounds in
equality of
Prop. I.

that

pounds

perpendicular
States'

dollars

Reduce

and

given,

the

the

the

hand

cents.

on

see

place

left

the

on

right

tion
propor-

number

side,

of

and

the

ri^ht.

the

on

and

dolla'^a

then

line,

money,

currency

into

pence

of

number

the

75

CURRENCIES.

shillings and

pounds

Place

OF

York

New

c"160.

to

currency,

An$,

money.

",.2

federal

$400,

160"80

5 5$

Ans.

400$

Reduce

2.

New

c"240,

Jersey

federal

to

cuiTency,
'

Ans.tiSAO.

money.

Reduce

3.

New

""343,

Jersey

federal

to

currency,

$648.

money.
Reduce

4.

South

dGHO,

Carolina

to

currency,

federal
$600.

money.

Reduce

5.

South

d"560,

Carolina

to

currency,

federal

$'"i40H0.

money.
,

Reduce

6.

New

""27,

England

federal

to

currency,

$90.

money.

Reduce

7.

c"80, New

York

to

currency,

federal

money.

$:^00.
Reduce

8.

money.
9.

"^5

12s.

New

Jersey

to

currency,

federal

$121

"

Reduce

Georgia

o6112,

to

cutTency,

federal

60.

money.

$480.

To

RuJ^,
haml

dollars

change
Place

side
of

dollars.

of the

(J lilted
in

that

the

and

cents

numlierof

to

pounds,

shillings

dollars

given,

perpendicular line,
States

money,
on

currency

equality of pounds

on

the

and
the

right*.

then

place
left

hand

and

the

on

the

see

the

pence,

right

tion
propor-

number

side, and

of
the

76

PROPORTION.

SIMPLE

Prop.

Reduce

1.

$648

to

pounds,

New

Jersey
Ans

currency.

pounds.

243

648"81

"8

3c"

Ans.

oe243
2.

$450

Reduce

pounds,

to

York

New

currency.

Ans,
3.

$360

Reduce

pounds,

to

England

New

currency.
108 pounds.

Ans.

$240

4. Reduce

pounds.

to

Carolina

South

currency.

Ans,

$580

5. Reduce

6.

$642

Reduce

pounds, Canada

to

875

to

56

pounds.

currency.
Ans.
145

pounds.

Carolina

south

pounds,

Ans.
7. Reduce

$141

pounds,

to

pounds.

180

New

pounds.

150

England

currency.

Ans.

$250

8. Reduce

pounds,

to

Canada

$125

Reduce

60

New

pounds.

to

Jersey
Ans.

10.

$475

Reduce

75

to

pounds.

York

New

12.

$75
$384

Reduce

pounds,

to

to

currency.^
47de

2n.

lOOdfi

ea.

England

currency,
^n^6"22
10s.

pounds. Nova

Scotia

currency.
Ans.
96de.

PROPORTION.

SIMPLE
this

New

10s.

62c"

currency.

Ans.

Jl. Reduce

6s.

42""

currency.
Ans.

9.

rency.
cur-

given to find a fourth

that shall have
the same
that
proportion to. the demand,
the denomination
does
to
corresponding with the answer
the denomination
The
corresponding with the demand.
demand
frequently he known
hy questions like
may
How
much?
What
the. following,viz:
How
?
many
In

cost?

Rule.

there

rule

What

will, "c.

In

stating,notice

demsLad

first

correaponding

three

be of the

term

the

are

on

term

terms

whether
same

the

demand

its

if so,
deuotnitvaLtvou^
aid"

responding
cor-

place

oi\\i"\\xkft,^vi^Hi

right Yiaud
immediately op^owite

the

and

ou

xSaaX^i't^"^

77

PROPORTION.

SIMPLE

the

remaining
the

with

mentioned.
be

not

of the

term

be

not

of the

following
First,

then

write

ihe

with

the

the

numbers

or

right

hand

for

which

the

the

line

under

which

name

as

of

side

the
be

must

term

required

the

greater

the

of the

the

less

less

of the

greater

on

two

also

terms

remaining
the

the

on

terms

the

on

left, then

if less,

left, but

proceed

right of
as

the

same

it

the

on

quired
re-

if greater,

uifder

terms

the

nominatio
de-

the

whether

this, and

than

the

the

'place

remaining
the right of

two

to

is of

again

less

the

on

price

and

write

line

the

terms

answer,

or

of

said

the

Notice

line.

of
place the
greater
preceding term, and

side

given

of the

that

quantity
price is given on the
each
other, together

left hand

the

on

line,

side of the

reduce

to

reduce
to
necessary
of the required answer.

Notice

kind

same

necessary

of

price, then

Note.

last

the

corresponding
and the
remaining
of the
swer,
required andenomination
by

right hand

the

on

numbers

side

hand

right

and

demand

the

denomination

the

to

write

the

to

side

its

and

denomination

reduced

tion
denomina-

same

hand

denomination,

same

rule

right

demand

same

be

they may

the

if the

But,

of the

be

must

on

answer

term

the

which

term

line,

and

place

the

line, and

the

before.

EXAMPLES.

If

1.

will

yards
yards cost
3

of cloth

dollars,

cost

the

many

dollars

'

yds, demand

yds.

corresponding

how

with

9"

coiresponding

demand.

with

answer.

I $21
-2.

If 4 lbs

of sugar

cost
'

_4

35

Ans.

cts., what
12"

will

35

I $1,05

Ans

12

lbs cost.

the

78

PROPORTION.

SIMPLE

If

3.

how

can

men

will

acres

many

15

mow

48

of

acres
ranw

men

grass
in the

given time,

lime?

same

48"

"8

in

15

I 90
yards of cloth
?
45 yards cost

If

4.

will

dollars,

63

cost

"9

men

4^

men

do

the

can

build

can

in

same

192

A7is^

wall

[6

how

pales long and

in length, that is

If 160
much

contain

acre

an

Ans,

men.

pole wide
poles wide,

of work

in

15

an

be

must

acre,

taken

to

20

Am.

I 20
many

make

160"

How

many

?
-8

7.

days, how

24"
48r-

6.

in 24

days.

"192

"8

lars
dol-

many

$315
If

how

45
G3"

5.

Ans,

acres.

days,

be

must

men

which
"15

"3

employed
do

can

in 24

to

finish

days

piece

24"
5"

I8
8.

If

is 8 hours

day

is 12

perform
long, in how
hours
longi

man

-2

Ans.

men.

the day
journey in 6 days, when
the
days will he do it,when
many

"12

8"

6"

\ 4 dai;s"

Ana.

80

'

much

will -J-of

of

of

Iff

14.

PROFORTION.

SIMPLE

of +

of

yard

yards

cloth

If

of

of
|-.

2f pounds of tobacco

what

If

of

will

26

cents^what

will f

cost?

pounds

Ans.

cents.

cost

I 54
16.

cts., how

Cost

I 72
15.

("0

cost

of f of

yards

1^of

yard

Ans.

cents.

of linen

cost

Id

cents,

cost?

3
I
"2

3"

"3

4""'"

-"4

9
18

I $4,86
17.

what

If

is the

times
value

Ans.

J yards of cloth cost

of ^ of ^ of 12j yards

1J

...2

"3

times

IJdCs,

49"
..-7

2"

"7

2"

"2

3"
3

20"

ksv^.
15=1*1^ ft\v\\^\tv^ii.

If

18.
3

hhds.

pint'of\vin" cost

81

PROPORtlO!^;

SIMPtB

10

how

pence,

will

"a

many

cost

hhds.

3"

hhds.

63

gfiU.

qts.

4-f

qts.

pts.

2-~

pts.

10"
1

pence
shiU.

^.

gall.

pence

"

li

"

-.-20

shilL^i

ij;-

Ans.

I 63dC,
In

Note.

the

above

the

example

\lemand

is laid

on*

place first on the right hand side of the line,

numbers
this we
reduce
to pints by
placing the several
hhds.
to
requisiteto reduce
pints. (See the table of wine
scending
deAfter
have
we
measure.)
gone to pints,reduction
then
the right,we
place pints opposite on the
on
then
left,and the price on the right hand
proceed to
; we
reduce
the
denomination
to
required on
pounds,
pence
this

hhds.,

we

falls

the

on

of which
the

denomination

table) and. the

(see pence
side of the line.
right hand

left hand,

the

last

19.

the

on

answer,

our

name

must

dCs
or

always

nomination
de-

be

right.

If 3 pts. port
how

wish

we

The

wine
dollars

many

(New

9 pence

cost

will

hhds.

cost

rency,)
England cur(See table.)

3-"
63
4"
"3

2"
9"

"12
"6

I $63
Note.
are

not

understood

It is not

legarded
and

not

Ans.

the figure I's,

they
to
use
necessary
in the
calculation, therefore, they are
for

expressed.

8*

82

PROrORTION.

SIMPLE

20.
many

If 2 qts. of cidetdollars

will

hhds.

York,^

shilling (New

cost

how

cost

4"
63
-.2

4"

"8

I
21.

dollars

If 6

gillscost

will

12

England)

farthings (New

hhds.

Aqs.

$63

how

many

cost?
12"
63"

21

4"
2

..-3

..-6

4"

"4

3"

"12
"6

Ans.

S,$42
22.

many

If

qts. of

dollars

will

oil
2

tuns

shillings(New

cost

York,)

how

York,)

how

cost

2"
2^2"
63
"3

"8

6"

I $504
23.

many

If 4

lbs.

dollars

of
will

tobacco
8

cwt.

cost

Ans.

shillings(New

cost

]
*

I 8"
'

4"
"4

28

"8

i $56

Ans.

PROl^ORTION.

QISfPtB

9 lbs. of

If

24.

shillings(New York,) how

cost

cost?

will 3(Xlous

dollars

many

nails

3-.. 0
0

2"

"3

"9

US

"8

6"

Ans.

; $5600

will

bushels

60

If 3

26.

will

of

If 4 quarts

25.

cost,

of

weighing

tankard,

silver

many
1
Ans.

$1^.
lars
dol-

many
Ans.

currency]

worth

$85J.
dollars

how

pence,

York
be

Ans.

currency
30

cost

If

value

opium

pounds cost. New

12 grains of silver

will
28.

of

how

pence,

dollars

many

currency

Carolina

South

drams

If 12

27.

cost

how

pence,

Jeisey

of beans

pecks

16

coat

New

cost.

bushels

oats

$15.

what
shilling,

pounds

is the

1
Ans.

Bought

29.

yard,

how
If

30.

1J

cost

of
1^3^

cost

of

quarter
of

Ans.

2J dollars,

how

dollar,

how

i%

cost

of

many
Ans.

of

19-Jpounds
sugar
of
for
f
shillingf
a
pounds can
of starch
33.
cost
IfSJofalb.
|- of
cost

of

pounds

starch

34.

and

28

can

have

for

72

is the
36.

what
37.

f of

of

cloth

be

is the

value

of 7

yard

what

worth

yards

of

cargo
go

"

lb.

many

New

cents,

cts.

many

Jersey

Ans.

cents,

lbs.

dollars'

two

$17,73]

cts;

yard of cloth, f wide, cost 2J dollars, what

of 2 J yards, 1^ wide.
value
Ans
$22^,
If I of J of the cargo' of a ship be worth
250
df."lJars,
of the whole
is the value
]
Ans.
cargo
$1333^.
If 4 pounds of nails cost
how
18 pence,
lars
dolmany
If

will
38.

cents

oB, how

cts.

21

Ans.

Ans.
.35.

62^

"", how

currency?
If

cents

many

I have

of

yds,

22

Ans.

When

3'Z,

shillingsper

15

yard

dei6j, at

it contain
cost

yard

yard

did

of cloth

1^ yards

If

31.

yards

many

for

of cloth

piece

$256,

of

12

tons

If f of
valued

Btaad

the

cost.

t of i
at
owner

12000

New
of

York

ship

be

?
cuirency
worth
^ of

dollars, wbaX
ia T

d\d

Aha,

Ans.

$1260,

f of |^ of

bvA\\^\^

tha

id:a^S2t^"

^i^^'^A^S^^

^^"

64

off of?

If ^

39.

of

PROPORTlOKr;

SIMPLE

of the

-^

the

If 12

40.

could

36

build

I desired

could

lend
I

must

him

and

the

in

days,

$23000.

to

Ans.

16.

100

lars
dol-

kindness

question is,how

long
to

courtesy

my

recompense

After

direct

the

laid upon
75
demand
upon

the

the
lend

bow

48

Ans.

carried

be

may

If, when

24^

wheat
what

9 oz.,

There

45.

it in

it in

empty

46.

per
York

New

for

miles

64

the

J of

an

having

the

the

lar
dol6

empty
will

Ans.

of cloth,

yards

24

lings
3 shil-

and

dollars

in

cost

at

Ans.

yards

of

satin

and

cents,

6d.

4s.

at

New

48.

cents,
89.

yard.

per

EngUnd

rency,
cur-

Ans.
A

48.

gentleman

pound.

per

Jerseycurrency
49.
tea,

at

8d.

currency
5X).

tnan

contained

"ptir6dthe

ooit

the

was

108
cost

of tea,

pounds
in

dollais

and

Required
68.

bought

What

per

at

S27.
7s.

cost

pound,

of

28

pounds

in dollars

and

of

young
South
cents.

IJ108.

hyson
lina
Caro-

Ans.

bought
120

6d.

New

cents,
Ans.

the

oz.

capacity

same

in dollars

cost

loaf

is 1

will

which

cock

of

cocks

gentleman purchased
yard. Required the

Required

cwt.

cent

wheat

when

weigh

to

same

1800

the
per bushel,

cents

miles,

Ans.

many
hour

currency.
Purchased
36

47.

it

ought

how

hours,

12

is 83

bushel?
per
is a cistern

cents

mo.

days.

512

Ans.

weighs

18

canied

be

cwt.

money?
44.

the

lay

Ans.

shillings,225

cwt.

many

and

change,

or

100.

dollars

1000

If, for

43.

invert

we

be

ing
allowfriend
100 dollars for 6 months,
my
30
to be
days ought he to
days, how
many

month

me

; but

would

demand

proportion, the

pure

dollars

If I lend

42.

'

he

it,

request

to

come

The

dollars.

dollars

75

when

like

the

me

time

what

his occasion

On

promiiaed

he

75

only

keep

in 48

friend

it ; but,

me

ship and

did both

what

I of f

??, of

it 1

for six months,

when

worth

be

Ans.

house

I lend

that

ship

in 1

build

men

of

$15000,

at

owner

men

Admit

41.

^2

valued

cargo

stand

cargo

of

$40.

head
hogsheads of molasses, each hogsgallons, at Is. 8d. per gallon. Re3

in federal money,

New

York

currency.
Ans.

#75.

85

PHOPOIITION.

flIHPLE

gontleman purchased 8 hogsheads of oil, each

140
gallons, at 6s. 2d. per gallon^
hogshead contained
New
rency.
England curRequired the cost in federal
moneys
Ana.
$1151^.
of
each
4
Purchased
cloth,
62.
piece containing
pieces
ral
30 yards, at 1 s. 4d. per
yard. Required the cost in fedeNew
Ans.
$21 J.
Jersey currency.
money,
53.
A
tained
gentleman bought 2 bales of cloth, each bale coneach
42
piece 30 yards, at 28. 6d. per
pieces, and
na
CaroliSouth
yard. Required the cost in federal money,
A

61.

$1350.

Ans.

currency.

gentleman purchased 12 hogsheads of molasses,

120
each
gallons, atSs. 4d. per gallon,
hogshead contained
quired
with cloth, at 6s. 8d. per yard. Reand
paid for the same
of yards he gave
in exchange.
the number
Ans.
720
yards.
of
4d.
A
merchant
12 tons
55.
iron, at
bought
per
he
with molasses, for which
pound, and paid for the same
of
allowed
2s. 4d. per
was
gallon. Required the number
hogoheads he gave in exchange, allowing each hogshead
A

54.

to

contain

per
with

gallons.
gentleman purchased

56.

Ans.

80

pound, (New

York

candles, for

which

currency,)

of

tons

currency,) and
he

box.

per

How

iron,

15s.,

6d.

same

(New

land
Engcandles

of

boxes

many

at

the

for

paid

allowed

was

bar

48.

Ans.
336.
required 1
of
A
57.
certain
amount
a
philanthropist distributed
each
4s. 2d.
42
widows,
giving them
money
among
poor
of his distribution
in federal
Required the amount
money.

were

South

Carolina

58.
how

Dedham,

the

being

in

going

miles

10

wheel

and

miles,

the

that

Ans.

The

of

circumference

small

vfill the

Scheuectady

one

latter
to

Boston
3520

length

feet?
60.

feet,

15

to

times.

sail the length

Captain Cook
ference
circumnavigating the globe, the circum-

being 24,800
240

from
Ans

be

to

did

times

many
in
vessel

his

of

it revolve

distance

How

59.

of

will

times

many

$37,50.

Ans.

currency.
Supposing the circumference

is 18

of

inches.

make

Rochester,

than
the

the

many

former,

distance

feet, and
tions
revolu-

more

in

being
Ans.

vessel

times.

545600
is 36

large wheel
How

of the

going
140
472

from

miles

266+.

86

PROPORTlONi

MMPLE

distance

The

61.

allowing
many

acres

If 3

62.

will

width

average
would
be

will

of

pounds

12

3yards of clotb
12 yards cost]

will
if

65.

many

if 4

men

will 48

acres

men

$1,05

dollars, bow
of

acres

If 4

yards

$8,

cost

days, bow
length of lime

same

will

what

$60.

Ans.

66.

90

cost?

yards

26

If 2

of muslin

yards

46

cost

wib

what

cents,

cost

If 7 horses

bow

bushels

many

lime

bushels

21

consume

will

bort^es

of

in

consume

1
If 23

of

lbs.

butter

$5

cost

cost?

$243

buy

buy

yards of

cloth

$9,

cost

bow

Ans.

will

lbs. of sugar

30

when

cost,

for $30

yards

cost

how

$120,

yards

many

1
56

cost

how

cents,

cords

of

wood

cost

If 4
be

yards

bought
If 12

76.

of

for

yards

cloth

$106

50

$9

cost

$35

50,

how

72,

will

192

when
78.

How
6

many
bushels

If 7

lbs.

bushels
cost

of

$9

of wheat

can

be

sugar

cost

63

cts.,

what

02iJc3

can

man

ho

can

travel

travel

15

in 5 hours

miles

in 3 hours,
Ans,

$24,
bush.

16

will

how
25

?
52.

for

Ans.

If

yards.
cost

S155

Ans.

1 5.

yards

yards

cost?

lbs.

$;j9

bought

12

cords

12

Ans.

77.

89

many
Ans.

what

yards.

27

Ans.

cost

70,

1 have
5

will

35, what

"

75.
may

$4

cost

will

$2

Ans.
If 3

will

will $7

much

74.

47.

yards.

may

Ans.

If 7 lbs. of sugar

73.

$1

cents

Ans.

If 20

72.

lbs,

81

45

lbs.

yards

many

What

71.

79.

same

bush.

Ans.
If 3

70.

buy

the

will

what

88,

84.

days,

Ans.

69.

yards
$1

in

oats

$52.

Ans.

68.

acres.

Ans.
67.

cts.

lars
dol-

many

in

grass

in the

mow,

of cloth

cost

Ans.

15

mow

acres.

pounds

Ans.

15

cost

20S

dollars
many
Ans.
$21.

If

rods, how

Aus.

cost

sugar

miles,

26

dollars, bow

cents?
64.

therein
7

cost

be

to

cost

What

road

of the

is

Boston

to

contained

of cloth

yards

yards

63.
35

the

Lowell

from

25

$2

lbs.
25.

many

miles.
"

ii

83

PROPORTlOKb

SIMPLE

How

95.

much

It in

is

many
of
3 quarters

it in

is the

What

97.

feet, when

of

of the

inches.

will

empty

capacity will
20
Ans.
pipes.

same

long casts

shadow

is 180

shadow

whose

tree,

which

pipe

hour

an

height

staff 5 feet

having
pipes

how

hours;

empty

cistern,

feet

if

worth

are

pears
will

what

cent,

12

the

be

apples, and

21

price of

four

apples cost
four pears?

and

score

49

Ans.
If

99.

feed

'21

field will

days,

91

cows

how

gallons
in

out

and

pipe'

in what

time

cistern

If 1 pint of wine

hog"heads
If

102.

gi]lof

gallons cost
hogsheads
104.

If 4

tons

cost

105.

If 12

12

pounds

cost

how

pence,

of

vinegarcost

p^nce,

of nails

18

cost

pence,

how

of nails

tons

50466, how

cost

many

If

18

hogsheads

of wine

6366, what

cost

4^ounds

iron

of

18

cost

will

England currency)

pence,

12

tons

will

currency,)

tons

how

of iron

cost

many

pence

will

fouf

pounds"

will buy 4
pence
purchased for 1680 dollars

109.

be

If 1680

110.

tons

pence

of

18

many

pence.

tons
pounds, how many
(New England currency

dollarsJ(New England

iroU; how

same

England

Ans.
"

lars
dol-

$1680.

cost

Ans.

If 18

pence.

the

at

dollars, (New

1680

cost

pint

many
Ans.

If 12

10

how

7
108.

will

pence.

(New
rate

50i"".

pence

Ans.

will

oC

Ans^

Ans.

107.

4266.

many

cost

8*56;

Ans.

pounds

20

ftiany 60 will

how

cost

d6 will

many

Ans.

cost

If 3

106.

cider

pounds

can

63"".

Ans.

rate

will

many

hours.

15J

If 1 quart

103.
5

that

at

cost

how

10 pence,

cost

35

filled

it be

will
Ans.

101.

cistern

the

in

it

days.

26

into

fall

1 hour

by

hour,

an

in

water

gallons,

230

run

of

cts.

will

hjng
Ans.

containing
gallons

cows?

If 50

100.

feed

feet.

100

Ans.
96.

32

Ans.

There
15

broaci, will make

inches

lengthy 4^

foot square
96.

in

12

can

?
tons.

currency) will buy

be purchased for
Ans

12
18

pounds.

If

111.

PROPORTiON.

of

cost

pounds

how

Irency,)

SIMPLE

nails

dollars

many

York

shillings,(New

will

89

30

cost

tons

Ans.

If

1 12.

Y.

(N.

"

many

gallons

N.

of

E.

Rum

will

currency)

pipes

$5600.

dollars,

cost

15

cur-

cost

Ans.
If

113.

of

qts.

how

oats

dollars

many

16

cost

(New

pence,

will

bushels

60

If 3

pecks
how

currency,)

of

beans

dollars

many

cost

will

$8

53

33-|-.

Carolina

(South

bushels

cost

$1

Ans.
If

115.

yards

If

yards

J-of f

dollars,

14

cost

If
of

of

will

shillings, what

cost

of

of

off

cost

18

of silk

yard

of

of

cost

of satin

yard

50

$2

dollar, whftt
dolls.

12

of

cost

dolls.

20

Ans.
of cassimere

2^ yards

b2.

what

cents,

cost

cost

what

cents,

Ans.

543.

Ans.

cost?

yards

ribbon

-"

-| of

of

yard

yards

Iff

121

of

I*

cost

of

silk

of

yard

^ of-| off

If

120.

of

dolls,

64

Ans.

of

yards

will

what

If

119.

will

cloth

dolls.

72

Ans.

cost

118.

will

of

yai'd

50.

will

what

dollars,

cost

Ans.

I- of

If

yards

will

cloth

cost?

1 17.
3

of

yard

cost

116.

of

rency,)
cur-

cost

pence,

oe378.

Jersey

Ans.

114.'

how

dollars,

will

what

If

122.

will

what

If

1 23.

i of

of

yards

of

1^

off

of

of

of

of

of

Ans.

cost

|- of
1^ of
f

dollars,

of

of

yards

yards

T^

of

what

satinet

Ans.

cost

yards

^^

will

of

of

|- of

If
of

yq

of

of

1^ of
10

y^^ of

dollars,

|- of
what

1*2

yards

will

of

of

of

If

of

of
8

yards

yards

of

cost?

cloth

cost

49

cents,

89|

cents.

broadcloth

of

05,

cost

cost?

Z\ yards

cents,

cost

cost

9|^

dolls.
will

what

Ans.

^^.

or

petersham
Ans.

125.

84

-J^of 4|^ yards

Ans.
124.

cost

dolls.

|-

61^.^

90

PROPORTION.

COMPOUND

PROPORTION.

COMPOUND
RuJe,

given
two

In

compound

find

to

Plaf.e

hand

right

the

serving
stand

of the

side

of

to

let the

term

When

Note,

of the

the

practice

with
all

positions
Observe, the

of

the

effect

are

is

which

all the

of the

one

answer

last

the

question

an

solid

criterion
is

inverse,

the

neither

line.

the

the

the

as

cause,

travelled, the

distance

any
and

is that

effect
work

swer
an-

years,

breadth

The

is

Attention

over

length,

as

contense.

the

cau^e

men,

effect,

tioned.
men-

required,

done,

the

the

for the

money

mentioned,
positions above
in the example, with
mentioned
required.

causes

left, oh-

horses, time, days,

leifgth breadth, heighth, or

by

the

grain consumed,
"c.
Work,
By

the

sition
suppo-

the

when

change place
changes place,

are

of

produced

the

proportion.
pupil to apply the

the

never

causes

the

is in inverse

cause

required. Causes
hours, capital or
sum,
that
produces
thing
heigth,

hut

the

on

the

is

cause

facility.When

and

accuracy

line, and

of
the
effect
proportion,

enable

will

in

of

name

same

of the

side

hand

questifm is in direct
required, the question
and

demand

of

terms

two

terms

and
supjxisition,

place those
directly opposite on

name

right

are

line, then

same

the

on

the

five

have

we

uf which

sixth, three

demand.

proportion,

we

mean

the

tion
excep-

EXAMPLES.

1. If 10 bushelsofoats

how

bushels

many

be

will

sufficientfor

serve

I
Note.
many
the

ia in

In

the

of

bushels

effectoit\ke
direct

above
oats

cause

example
will
is

horses

60

36

20

dajrs,

days

Ans.

60

it is
the

serve

required

proportion, and

18 horses

no

required

to

know

how

horses, consequently
therefore

the

question
i^oaiUoxia Ocv^w^'a ^^^c^^

COMPOUND

bad

But
would

it been

would

question
would

time

2. If 7
men

can

reap

in

direct

As

100

in

84

84
U

in

acres

"81

viz., the
If

the

12
7

or

You

of

side

of

take

the first

the

the

line,

and

the

and

your

the

cause,

extremes

"

20

Ans.

men,

to

the

statement

then

for

then

for

means

means

place

letters

bo
in

senting
repre-

the

same

Thus,

observed^

be

demand

obtained

under

being placed
the
on
opposite.

supposition

the

effect,

effect

on

the

it will

above

v/hen

under

positions
changed, viz. days.

"

attention

and

cause

example

deficiency in

answer

20

six

extremes

this rule, the

under

strict

pay

the

the

ihem,

the

men

the

write

may

In

many

following examples, he will

determine
at
to
a
sight whether
question be
inverse
proportion.

enabled
direct

days,how

have
two
viz.,
example we
causes,
being required ; the other cause,
positions,therefore change places.-

above

tbe

solution

and

the

cause.

100"

"5

days, the
days become
pupil will

and

the

days?

men

the

of rye in 12

In

given time, then

proportion, and

inverse

acres

borses

many

100

Nnfe,

bow

position of

the

reap

in

oats

been

been

have

will

the

have

men

to' know

required

consumed

have

91

PROPORTION.

place
dividend
your

dividend,

is full and
be

must

if your

blank

your
;

but

iu

the

in

if the

nexX.

examples

complete,
with

supplied

extremes

for

means

as

in all

that

the

demand
for

blank

and
the
fall

divisor,

fall under

dlv\g"ox^^\A^^N".

^^^\ii^^"

92

COMPOUND

PROPORTION.

[
3. If 4

lines

in

days

of

hours
be

to

sheets,

16
a

L4

pages
line 1

40

long
printed
on

days

sheets, of

and

page,

volume,
in

of

work

in 16

compositors,

20

24

the

4.

many

If 4
acres

men

can
can

16

mow

men

12

of

in 9

^4

16

"3

in

144

each

sheet,

page,

how

pose
com-

grass

days]

acres,

and

44

many

55

of

42
ters
let-

Ans.

12"

can

line; in

Days,

acres

mow

lines

24

in

long,

compositors compose
letter, consisting

same

hours

pages

12

sheet, 48

of 12

in

letters
may

on

men.

Ans.

in 3

days,

how

5.

many

If 4

can

men

must

men

12

mow

of

acres

employed

be

93

PROPORTION,

COMPOUND

to

in 3

grass
144

mow

days,
in 9

acres

how

days

16

144_

-12
"9

3"
4"

[
6. If 16

days

144

mow

be

must

men

many

can

men

16

Ans.

men,

in 9

of grass

acres

employed

to

12

mow

acres

days, how
in

three

"144

12"

9"

"3

16"

I
7. If 16

many

men

days

can

can

1 44

mow

of

acres

12

mow

men

Ans.

4 men,

acres

in 9

grass
]

days, in how

16"

"4

"144

12"

9"

I
8. If 16
many

men

can

144

mow

4 m"n

can

acres

days,

acres

in

mow

"16

Ans.

of

days

grass

in 9

days,

how

"9

3
144"

I
9. If 4

many

men

days

can

12

mow

can

16

mow

men

12

acres.

iii 3

of grass

acres

144

"16

4"

"12

144-

acres

3"

da^B^

KTi%,

days,

in how

94

ir6

10.

men

which

wall

in
18

feet, and

build

can

high,

feet

PROPORTION.

COMPOUND

wall

days,

15
men

eighth

will

what

build

can

feet

60

in

be

the

days,

30

6 feet

long,

wide,
of

length
the

width

and
that

being

6 feet ?

Solution.

Statement.

Length,

240

Ans.

width
and
being required, change
heighth ; width
required, change length and
heighth ;
and
width.
beighth required, change length
build
wall
80
If 6 men
feet long, 6 feet wide, and
a
can
width
of that
4 feet
will
the
be
high, in 15 days, what
build
wall
which
in 30 days, the length being
18 men
can
240
feet, and the heighth 6 feet ?

Note,

Length

feet

11.
4

If 6

feet

w^ll
240

men

high,

which

fe,et,and

build

can

in
18

15

iays,

mencan

the

width

wall

80

feet

what

will

build

in 30

feet

long, 6
be

the

days,

the

wide,

Ans.

feet wide,

heighth

of

and
that

length being

^eeX.Vv\^,kTVft%

96

PROPORTION,

COMPOUND

If 6

20.

men

4 feet

and
build

high,

in

feet

240

one

build

can

wall

in

days,

15

feet

80

what

and

feet wide,

long, 8

time

18

can

6 feet

If 6

and

feet

that wall

which

If 6

22.

and

4 feet

wall

which

18

18

men

and

4 feet

wall

which

the

high, in
18

If

24.

and

wide,

employed
feet high, iu
If

18

and

wide,
build

to

build

15

days

one

6 feet

long, 6 feet wide,

will be the height of that
30
days, the length being

1
wall

feet

240

30

days,

80

feet

how

long,

Ans.

feet.

long,

feet

If

18

men

feet

wide, and

build

long,

wall

days,

30

feet

240

being

high

If

of

18

men

that wall

length being
If 18

28.

wide, and

80

feet, and

6 feet

being

feet, and

Lent

of the
at

what

rate

men

$800

received
per

30.

width

friend

time

in

high, in

which

cent,

wall

build

height 4
a

wall

build

can

in

will
in

for 6 months,

annum

960

dollars

defray

feet

width

days,
Ans.

the

feet.

long, 8 feet
will
the height of
15
days, |;he length
and

did

at

Ans.

4 feet.

the

tion
expira-

t\x" ex-^eu^^a

48

was

I receive
Ans.

'

If

feet.

feet

interest, which

per

width
80

the

15

6 feet?

the

length

long,

feet ?

240

days, what

30

what

feet

the

days,
feet

240

days,
can

the

the

Ans.

30

men

in 15

men

days.

15

"

feet ?

build

can

be

80

high,

which

that wall

29.

can

be

men

build

feet

long,

will be

days, what

build

can

six feet

and

wide,

men

feet

240

men.

will 6

4 feet

and

wall

30

feet, and.height 4

27.

high, in
6

and

long,

time

in what

wide,

feet

build

can

which

wall

of that

must

men
many
6 feet wide,

Ans.
26.

8 feet.

Ans.

Ans,

high, in

feet

of that

feet

80

in

feet.

feet wide,

width

the

of

width

240

long, 6

can

feet

80

one

high, in

men

build

length

days, the length being

in 30

8 feet

can

feet

be

25.

width

men

will be

build

can

the

18

what

wall

feet

80

days, what

15

men

feet, and

240

build

the

wide,

days, the

30

wall

days.

30

Ans.

height being

can

men

build

can

in

feet 1

days,

15

be

6 feet

long,

will

build

can

build

high, in

If 6

23.

men

feet

80

what

days,

15

can

wall

height

men

feet, and

240

in

high,

feet,and

being

canb"ild

men

men

high

Ans.
21.

wide,

feet

long, 6

q^ ^^

lars,
dolest
inter-

12

cents.

xsvaxiBa
"

ureeks, for holv

of 48

weeks

many
if

men,

^i

fRoPonnoiK.

COMPOUND

$1440

will

they spend

the

at

defray
Ans.

Suppose

31.

acres

many

4
8

can

in

men
men

days

12

in

mow

16

If 10

days,

of

bushels

how

bushels

many

be

oats

will

days i

sufficient

128

for 18

horses

60

serve

If4dollai?8

days

many

hire of 8

be the
20

must

work

men

for

men

for 40

If 8

men

high, and

wide,

wall

build

men

If

35.

days

build

can

in
175

footman

18

wall

days,

days,
long,

long, how

in 12

miles

travel 240

hours

feet

12

days.

long, 14 feet
days will 15
many
and
6 wide?
high,

how

feet

how

feet

24

in

bushels.

Ans.
34.

20

days

60
3

dollars

acres.

h""^s

36

Ans.
33.

how

acres,

Ans.
32.

weeks.

55

48

mow

penses
ex-

rate

same

the

Ans.

60

days,

when

will

the

be

required
16 hours
the days are
720
to travel
miles, when
long ?
Ans.
27
days.
If 14 men
7
36.
ditch
and
feet
36
wide,
a
can
dig
long,
will it take to dig
8 deep, in 16
days, how
men
many
ditch 240 feet long, 9 wide,
another
and 5 deep, in 10
Ans. 120 men.
days ?
12

are

If

37.

12

make

the

in 4

same

wide

12

hours

months,

when

wide,

quarters
wool

Ans.

perform

long, how
the days

piece

10

dollars

57

cost

for

tons

40.

transportationof

If the

An

been

annum

41.

If 8

did
men

what

amount

put

usurer

principaland
per

cents,

miles

75

it had

when

12

12

to

will

8 hours

long

interest

on

interest
he

receive

can

build

Ans.
dollars

interest
a

9'

wall

^0

at

675.

miles

$168,00

of

cts.

interest; and

at

months,
?

400

do

transportation

dollars;

160

3 qrs. for

will the

150

out

cwt.

to

of work,

Ans.
39.

quires
re-

lbs.

28

men

many
are

it

will it take

in six months,

are

much

how

4 quarters

men,

days

many

J yards of cloth

of wool,

yards,

If 300

when

ounces

140

38.

the

make

to

days

days.

he

what
Ans.

received

rate

10

per

per

for
cent,
cent"

^ i"^^^.'^Si.^gQ
{QQ\.\oik%"

98

PROPORTION.

COMPpUND

and

feet thick, in

build

feet

200

one

feet

long,8

will 24

time

what

in

days,

12

feet thick 1

high, 6

Ans.

12

Suppose

42.

daysjliow many

will

men

consume

Ans.

day

43.

long

days.

80

pounds of bread
360
pounds in

240

consume

men

men

How

complete a
can
dig 54 yards

can

men
many
in 8 days, when

16

men

yards
days 1

in 6

Ans.
If 16

44.

bushels

many

of

bushels

oats

27 horses

would

serve

horses

in 11

consume

Sa

how

days,
days ?

Ans.
If

45.

is

which
hours

long, in how

York

to

when

days

12 horses

will 18

If 2 barrels

47.

14 persons

by

of 24

If 248

days, of 9 hours
long, 5

each,

wide, and

If 56

49.

of

bread

much

will

24

to

year ?
11 hours
and

men

will

deep, in
dig a trench
2

serve

out

Ans.

52^.
di^ a

can

how

many

420

yards
288^^'^.

for 7

21

days

If 4 reapers

how

men

many

51.

If 20

52.

many
as

months

12

If 30

large,in
J53. If

maoyroda

men
can

16

are

how

days

for

sufficient

much

will

be

piece

build
men

of work

another

fifth part of the time

can

36

36

rods

build in 14

piece

$103,04
for

cts. 1

Ans.

7.

family

of

sufficient for 4
in 20

4 times

Ans.

days 1

in 3

24.

days,how

of work

of wall

lbs.

days' work,

Ans.

accomplish

20

for 3

cts,

perform

men

will

men

of wheat

months,

$11,04

be hired

may

bushels

8 persons

persons

receive

14

men

Ans.
50.

of

drunk

sufficient
men

42.

family

each,

els
bush-

Ans.

Ans.

be

and

oxen,

be

bread

22^.

many

last

will

barrels

wide,

deep

pounds

days, how

sufficient

in one
persons
in 5 days, of

men,

as

days,how
days ?

many

yards long,

230

trench

be

days, how

24

family

48.

of beer

miles,

Ans,

in 20

in 25

consume

New

corn

12

are

is 925

much

as

bushels

56

oxen

long

days

travel from

Carolina, which

consume

consume

he

88.

Boston,

to

the

when

days,
days may

16 hours

are

If 2^horses

York

New

many
Charleston, South

the

46.

in

miles,

250

from

travels

footman

one

144.

of 135

trench

in

600.

days, how
Ans.

480.

If 40

54.

haw

acres

many
If 4
55,

many

If

can

men

family

men

96

mow

days,

14

can

men

acres

56.

itk It)

men,

of
in

mow

of 8

16'

persons,

in

grass

24

12

days

in

acces

days?

in 24

reap
acres

200

rea^

can

of

grain,

Ans.

168;

days, how
256.

Ans.

spend

months,

480

(dollars,how

would

much

16

in

spend

persons

Ans.
If 7 quarts of malt
for 4 months^
how
persons
?
46
10 months
persons
57..

If 8 reapers

are

sufficient
many

quarts

for

are

months

$320.

family
enough
Ans^

of

foe
115J

much
dGSj for 4 days* work, how
?
16 days' work
have
Ans,
men
76^.
footman
in
If
miles
12 days, wh^n
the
59.
travels
240
a
hours
how
12
he
travel
days are
days may
long,
many
of
Ans.
ipiles in,
16 hours
7^0
27,
long]
If
in
students
9
18
60.
days d"10|^, how
^pend
many
will
students
63
dollars,New
Jersey currency,
spend in
820**
Ans.
30 days ?
If
for 3 days,
61.
30
shillings be the hire of 8 men
Ah"
work
for
6615 ?
How
20 men
12j^
days must
many
62.
If 4 reapers
3
for
hoW24
have
shillings
days' work,
will
in
Ans.
?
16
3.
men
earn
"A^
days
-joany
If 9 men
18
in 3 days, how
63.
acres
acres
reap
many
6
wrill 27 men
Ans.
]
108.
days
reap'in
If
25
64.
by working 10 hours
a
day, can
dig a
men,
feet long, 12 feet broad, and
trench
36
feet deep, in 9
6
in order'
15 men
hours
work,
a
days, how
day must
many
5 feet deep
48 feet long, 8 feet broad, and
to
dig a trench
in 12 days ?
Ans.
9-^j.
in
If a man
travels
5
65.
60 miles
days, by travelling 3
far
h""w
v\rillhe
travel
in 10 days, by tra-'
hours
each
day,
Ans.
each
360.
day ?
veiling 9 hours
of wall in 6 days, how
build
If-5
10 rods
66.
can
men
Ans.
build
in 18 days 1
20
rods
120.'
men
can
many
for 6 days' work,
dollars
how24
If 4 men
receive
67.
ravLctk will 8 men
$96.
receive
Ans.
for 12 days' work
1
If 4 men
how
for 6 days' work,
68.
receive
24 dollars
Ans.
hired
be
12 days for 96 dollars'?
8,'
men
many
may
If 8 men,
much
in 12 days, receive'
96
dollars, how
69.
Ans.
$24.
receive
will 4 men
fox 6 days' work ?
58.

have

will

for

48

'

70.

If 8

long may

men
men

receive
be

hired

96

doWatftiox

\*i

{or'24 Ao\\w?i%

Aa.^^ ^a^,\issNN
K""".%^

iW

PKOPOIDCSON.

COMFOIZHB

If 9 persons

71.

much

bow

year,

in
will

of

the

in

dollars

1513

family spend

family spend

same

Ans.

months?
72.

If 2000

dollam

how

long

months,

one

iii fotfr

$168.

will sopport a garridon of 1^0 men

dollsrs support
4 times
will
6000

3
as

2^.
If 144
73.
each, dig a
days, of 12
mon,
feet long, 3 feet #ide, and
2 feet deep, how
trench
200
30
hours
men
dig a trench 350
long is t"e day when
many
feet long, 6 feet wide, and 3 feet deep in 2"9|^days ?

^many

Ans.

men

in 6

hours

Ans.

There

74.

by

was

workmen;

20

certain

the

but

same

that just such

an
necessary
I
demand
mouths
the
number
;
about it)
If

75.

24

spend

men

in 52

"pend

men

76.

raised
Biany

wall,

to

the

be

must

men

of

of

be

Ans.
in

the

to

by

employed

to

of

height

12

finish

feet,

27

48,

dC384"

in 6

days

it in 4

days

men

was

how

Ans.

If 6 laborers

77.

bow

dig
will

yards

many

ditch

Ans,
If

garrison of
allowing each

78.

weeks,

maintained

bo

may

if eacli
79,

600

is limited

man

If 3 bushels

to

and

surae

80.

81.

If

450

and

many
inches

If

tiles, each

12

tiles

of

quarters

wide

much

inches

12

last

450.

if they

are

only

cOn^

wool

44.

my
pave
inches
9

Ans.

wool

of

family

will

square,

I have

must

broad

ounces

wide, how

inches

Ans.

will 6 persons

days

many

men

Ans.

quarters
82.

how

five

provisions,

bushels?

cellar, how

long

days, in

22

persons

per day
of corn
will

oz.

170,

for

many

pecks

per day, how

with
the
same

oz.

weeks,

10

provisions

have

men

12

man

36"

yards long in 10 days,

dig in 15 days %

34

laborers

20

will

what

weeks,

18

Ans.

9 feet

in

employed

be

to

men

year,
it is

built

raised

height

should

one

pounds

32

weeks

be

to

completed in one
being demolished,

edifice

7.

900.

make

is

2J yards of cloth,
required for 150 yards

Ans.

30

lbs.

If

bar

thick

6JeetloDg,

of iron, 4 feet

weighs
4 inches

36

long, 3 inches

lbs., what

broad, and

will

2 inches

bar

and

broad,

weigh

thick t

that

Ans.

1|
is
96.

COJtfOVNft

If 14

83.

men

will

men

44

feet

will fill

^Is

is 16

cistern that

days
in length, 10^
of

8$.

If 25

lemons

for

in

breadth,

and

many

bar-

how

water,

for

pears
18

2^

11.-

long, 7 feet broad, and

feet

Ans
be

can

and

how

cents,

for 70

almonds

50

for

bought

pomegranates,

and

almonds,

many
Ans.

barrels

546

bow

days,

in 6

acres

deep?

15 feet

iiuts

in 4

17^ feet

holds

deep,

84

reap

acres

reap
If a cistern

84.

13

can

10 1

KtCMPOETIOir.

many

can

and

chest*

108

cts.f

for $1,35

buy

28

for 48

pomegranate

chestnuts,

pears

and

lemons,

10

384;

Ans.337J,
If

86"

dollars
rate,

the

87

interest

What

87*

for

dollars

537

on

will

what

cents*

be

must

be

the

for the

paid

interest,

the

at

carriage p"
miles

By working 9 houra
in 4 days, how
com
many
in 3 days, working
10
rate
One
89.
pound of thread

quarters wide
make

to

If 6

90.

dollars

$160.

Ans.

88.

how

hours

makes

houre

18

that

Ans.

27.

linen

of thread

will

clotht
be

quired
re-

1^.

Ans.

day, mowed

at

of

wide

"^

acres

hoe

men

day t
2 y"rds

quarters

hoed

men

pounds

working

men,

will

acres

many

yards,

60

day,

32

cwt.

12

cents!.

80

(80,55;

cost

72

same

Ans.

128

cwt.

be

3^ years

2^ years?

miles, if the carriage of 8

for

dollars

347

on

28

acres

of

in

grass

16

in 8

acres

If 5

91.

how

days, how
many
days, working 6
can

make

must

be

men

many

men

that

at

men

hours

rate

in

of boots

pairs
employed to
300

days,
pairs in

900

make

Ans.

If

92.

will

many

compositors set 15^

be required to set69f

in

pages

in 6

pages

2.

40

days?

60

mow

Ans.

day

will

2| days,
J days !

10.

how

Ans.
If the

93.

what

will

If

94^

wide,
cloth

how

If

arithmetic
a

lbs. of
many

make
yam
lbs. will be

yds. long, and

45

95,

may

be

of 6 men
wages
the wages
of 9

of

class
in 15

25

men

days

14

for

1 i

yards
required
9

4 quarters

wide

of

in 18

84

to

make

hours

5
a

Ans.

dollars/

Ans.

cloth,

perform 1750
examples
many

boys perform

be

days

boys

hours, how

claes of 30

for

6.

$99.

quaiters

piece
12

of

lbs.

examples in
of equal length
I

Axa.^'^"^%

TfiZ^

ntOIPQRTlON.^

GOKPOVIffB

If the

96.

lar 50

of 100

use

"?ents, what

for 90

doliara

is the

of

use

be ivortli 1 "]6l-

^ays

worth

dollars

78

for

Ans.

davB?
If

97.

hours

how

day,

he -travels
If

98.

travels

man

1 1 hours
man

days, by travelling 14
him
take
to
perform
13 hours
a
day?
If

99.
qiany
100,

10

If 6

7^

will

men

working

hours

to

48

acres

of

in 14

in 28

weeks

day,
in 5 days,

weeks,

many

work

they

when

15

how

Ans*

of grass in 7
will be
men

acres

how

miles

1000

in

days will it
by travelling
Ans.
12}f.

many

hay

35

mow

1250

1 j,

.51

miles

of

tons

tons

of
how

day,

journey

22j

eat

10

mow

hours

eat

cows

will

cows

Ans

day ?
peribrnis a journey

OJ.

11

days, travelling "

travel in 9 days, if

will he

miles

many

in

miles

217

85

15.

days, by
required
hours

12

day1

Ans.9|,
.

If 16

101.

men

build

can

of

rods

18

in 12

wall

days^

how

many

kind

same

of wall

If

102.

be

must

'men

employed
days ?

in 8

bushels

154

of

rods

72

of

the

Ans.

will

oats

build

to

for

horses

14

serve

96.
14

bow
49fys;

If 25

.10.3.

long

men

will it take

1 04.

will. 406

long

rpauy

If 9

If

/105.

months,
fi^mily^

can

earn*

men

to

can

19

36

in

11

if 5

more

Ans;

in

grass in 4

Ans.

added

$1120.

pond

of

If

106.

yeill raise

pond

of water,

stream

the

pond

of 50

into

running
inches

10

hours, how

in 12

raised

acres.be

by

the

botUes

Ans.

If .725

bottles

required

are;

hold
to

of

4 barrels

hoki

'

derces

wine,

how

of wine

?
"

108.

high,
^0

men

^ feet
^

If 13
and

men

feet thick

build
thick

can

brick

build
in

wall

brick

18

wall

'days, in

150

feet

25

how

long,

feet
many
8 feet

Ans.

190

much

stream

same

10 hours?
I07i

th"

Ans.

in

maintain

to

were

209.

dollars

450

sufficient

persons

days, how

days?

spend

73^.

bow
years,
Ans.
18 yrs.

of

acres

persons
be
would

much

horses

dollars

$.11250

earn

mow

of

serve

6250

mow
men

family

months

,.

lucres,

how

would

men

will

acres

bushels

in

31".
maiiy
72-5.

long, 7 feet
days will
high, and
^x^a.^^V

)04

IKTSBJBBT.

flMPU

if

123..

ft man

lent, at

cent,

per

much

bow

annum,

per

year's iatM"fit

for 1

915

recmre

was

An8"$250.

lent?
If 8 boarders

124.

how

of money
the sum

drink

it last, if 4

long would

cider

of

barrel

Ans.

When

125.

is sold

wheat

loaf weighs
penny
the wheat
is $1,24

12

ounces

cts.

per

93

at

cents

what

per
it

must

bushel?

days,

12

them?

among

came

more

in

days.

bushel,

weigh

Ans.

the

when
ounces*

How

126.

which

has

yards of baize, f wide, will line

yards of camlet, i a yard wide

many
in it 12

Ans*

Suppose

127.

400

for
provisions

30

if

have

they

would

^128. If
will reduce
much

will

men

days
of 7

men

many

provisions last
of

feet

of 200

pond

50

must

be

days

yds.

in

it in the

with

sent

out,

Ans"

160.

mill

30

8 inches

reduce

proyided

with

water

acres

of 6 feet

ahead

garrison are

how
;

the

head

in

cloak

powers
day, how

timet

same

Ans.
If 30 mill
powers
'^iinches in a day, how

would

of 6 feet

in the

129.

have

bread

day

per

when

whom

to

the

to

last

of

their

they

daily allowance

time

15

up

reduce

?
is

allowing

each

supposed
6

willing to communicate,

are

of each

tlien be

person

from

days

engaged
person
Exeter
to the navy
A

be

has

would

oxen

days

removed
be

to

yard,

450

wanted

in

tons
to

800

remove

ounces

36

of

timber
If

how

oxen,

Ans.

in

many
in 3

remainder

will

Bounces*

tons

the

remove

in distress,

Portsmouth*

with

to

what

Ans.
131.

8 inches.*

of 5 persons

crew

pond

Aps.

persons,

voyage,

they picked

they

same

of 7 feet head

pond

would

much

6f inches head
A
ship's company,

130.

reduce

9^.

56

oxen.

SIMPLE
Rule,
the

right

years

and

{the number

Place
hand

the
side

months,

INTEREST.

principal,time
of

the

reduce

of months

in

line.
them
a

and
If

to

year)

rate

the

months,
on

per

time

consists

and

t\ie \q"

cent,

on

of

place 12,

laasvd %\6a

oC

SUIFIJB

the

duce

lihe time

Should

line.

lOS

WTEMftTf

of months

consist

and

days,

If reduced
days, or aliquoitparts of a month.
of
to days" place 30
days in a month) and
(the number
the left. If to aliquoitparts of a month,
12
on
place 12
only, as above.

1.

tbemto

What

interest

is the

on

for

960,

days, at

117

6 per

cent?
60"
"30

117

"12

6"

2"

Ans.

I "1,17
Note.
off 4
all

the

cents

cut

right for cents,

the

from
answer
your
ts ; but if your
the left are

and

dollars

in

principal is

figuresJin

to

off 2

When

principalbe

$b

"imI

only,cut

figures.*

2.

What

is the

interest

for 90

of ^96,50

days, at

6 per

cent?

"2

96"

50"

"30

00

"12

6"

"

Ans-

I "1,44,75
8.

What

is the

interest

of "4,80

4825

for 361

days,

at

6 per

^nt.7
4

4,80"
"30

361

"12

6"

Ans.

I ",28,88
What

is the

interest

of

^720

for

cent-1
720"

"12

9
7

1(^

60

months,

at

per

lOCr

ikTEREST.

8IMPLB

days, at

the

What

5.

"3

35

"12

6"

Aoa.

I $56

number

mixed

denoniinator

ond

dnrnths

27

days,

at

numerator

line.

of

6 per

and

months

11

say

days being f of 30, this

improper fraction, making
the
the
on
right, and

an

for .5

$144,60

11

years,

cent.

mos.

27"71/o

11

to

interest

the

we

20

left of the

is

dft.

ino.

yts.

the

the

on

What

6.

reduce

we

writing

,V months,

example

11" months,

make

days

20

above

the

In

20

80

960"

Note,

and

moiiths

11

for

cent.

per

"960

of

interest

144,60"

723

"

719
"2"12

6"

10

I #51,
8.

and
9.

Required
15 days, at
Required

6 percent*
10.

3^

of

180

dollars

for

per cent.
the interest

of

180

dollars

for

Ans.

tj^einterest

of 120

dollars for

"

When

.#5

at

40.

Required

monthsi

Ans.
the

interest

of 99

for

dollars

$2

the interest

of 60

interest

of 176

dollars

the

nop9fjq9nt,

Ans;

interest

of 640

dollars

for

mentiimed,

6 percent,

ii

always

at

and

months

$8

80.

093,3+.

two

Ans.

ii

$0

for 3 months

cent.

at

$ 0 79,2.

Ans.
the

66,6+!

for 4 months,

dollars

^t

months,

Ans.

cent.

Required
days, at 6 per
14. Required
and
19 days.*
TO

months,

"

percent.
13.

$'^ 25.

Required

per

months

two

Ans.

cent.

per

12.

interest

Ans.

37

Required

11.

4|

the

98,

42,6+.

understood.

6IBCPLE

Required
20
days.
16.
Required
IQdiys.
17. Required
and
5 days.

the interest

15.

of 800

dollars

for 4 months
Ans.

theinterest

of 720

dollars

interest

jRequirjed

of

interest

dollars

480

Required

days,

of

for

$480

Ans.

$14,80.

8 months

of $ 7SiO for 9

interest

Required
and

the

days,

15

Required
and

months

months

20

24.

26

and

months

and

months

of

$384,40

for

interest

of

of.

interest

$600,48
Ans.

72,
2

years

31,73.

6 months

$15
2

33,18.
9

years

98,15+.

$101

of

dollars

480

for

interest

of

$960

for

60

days.

$187
4

Ans.

years

Ans.

the

40.

$2

$74

for

years

for 2 years

$9999

days^:

15

$44

Ans.

the

29

1 year

Ans.

Required

36.

80

days.

Required
and
6 days.

"Etiontbs

$19

for

33,48.

$0

for
Ans

of

interest

-the

and

Ans.

tKe interest

25.

dollars

480

cent.

per

interest

the

Required
days^
Required

23.

of

19,68.

months

days.

10

and

at

the

Required

22.

interest

and

$0

Ans.

21.

the

months

'

months

20.

and

for si^

Ans.

19.

66,6+.

for 3 months

days!

and

$18

and

An8.$ia08.the

the

18*

107

INTEREST.

68.
4

years

15,75.

$252

""

When

interest

is

have

partial payments
Rule.
rate

per

if the
the

cent.,

exceed

principal ;

the. time.pf

of

these

remainder

the

but

and

when
of

payments

"

the

time

of

less,

added

to

interest

form

the
new

bonds

principal
the

the

on

then

at

the^ven
then,
from

excess

and

payment
of

some

preceding payments,
due,

amount

and

of the

principal,with

of settlement.

terest
in-

principal

same

tlie time

to

or

the

both

set

the

which

on

first payment,

interest, deduct

payment,

from

or

interest

the

before, till |he time

as

on

if it be

next

sum

will

the

cast

ihe

which,
exceed

to

up

payment
aside,

the

nptes

on

made.

been

interest

the

Cast

required

deduct

the

to

payment,
will
sum^

principal. The
which
proceed

108

INTEREST.

0IHPLE

KXAMPLE.

37.

For

received,

value

"

Co.,

promiseto

order, fifbeen hundred

or

dollars

John

pay
on

demand,

January 1st,

1825.

On

are

this

note

and

: Oct
following endorsements
dollars ; July 1st, 1827, four
; Sept. 1st, 1828, six hundred

the

hundred

1825, three

with

YORK,

JOHN

interest.

Smith

fiftydollars

1st,
dred
hunand

fiftydollars.
What

was

due

settlement, July 1st, 1830

on

d.

m.

yr,
1825

10

1825

11

time

till first payment.

1500"
"12

"2

750

9
6"

I $67,50
first payment,

1567,50"

and

*the

$1500+67,50=1567,50

d00=:$1267,50
y"

the
'

1827

and"

principal.

10

amouat,

till

d,

m,

1825

new

interest

0=time

from

1st to 2d

paj"

iDent

126750"
"2

"12

63375

21
6"

The interest
I $133,08,75
payment, then 1267,50+13308,7,5=1400,5875, and
the new
1400,587"450=950,587
principal.

till 2d

1828

1827

12

time

from

2d

to 3d

meot
.

w---i

pa j-

iMffeRSST.

01MPLK

"2

"12

109

950

687

14"

The

I 66,54409
3d

tin the

and
payment,
650s=367,128

1017,128"

and

950,587-f66,541=:10l7,128y
the

principal.

new

1830

1828

10

iateredt

time

3d

from

payment

to

interest

till

"ettlement.

367,128
"2

"12

11

22"
6"

The

I 40,384.
time
or

of settlement
due

unm

Ans.

367,128+40,384=407,512.

settlement,

on

in my
possession a note dated April 15, 1833"
the following endorsements
$2150,25, on which
are
;

38.

for

and

1 have

Nov.

ry
8th, 1834, $500; Sept. 1st, 183", $72364
," JanuaWhat
1st, 1837, $378,295, and Oct. 29th, 1837, $850.
due April 15th, 1838
t
amdunt
Ans"
$138,337.
was
39.

On

interest

ing
25, 1827, "nd drawthe following endorsements:

$767,95, given Dec.

after

90

days, were

January 1st, 1830, $75; March

due January Ist, 1833
?
was

What

40. What

1820,

of

a note

on

due

was

on

June

settlement

being endorsed
Sept. 30, 1828,

on

note

on

$2100,
The

15, 1830.

the back

$1200.

of

25, 1831, $565,25.

Ans. $294,118.

of it : June

interest,at

dated

following

order

For
seven

value

received

sums

6 per

cent

1249,527.

promise to pay him

fiftydollarSf with interest,

of A.M.,

or

at

cent.

per

January 1,
On

the

Gr. G.

1824.

above

the

were

April 1, 1826, $150

on

and

hundred

15,

30, 1824, $750, and

Ans.

41.

June

following payments, endorsed

July 1, 1829,
$0tthment8ept. 1st,1832 \
;

G.

$4l6Q,

^RV"X^^^^"^

Ksft^ %"v;v\

110

CONJOINED

PROPORTION.

CONJOINED
RtFLE.

PROPORTION.

of
the
required to find how
many
in the
mentioned
first sort of coin^,weight or measure,
question, are equ^l to a given quantity of the last, place
the numbers
alternately,beginning on the righi hand side
of the line, observing to let the last number
the
^tand
on
it is required to find how
right hand side ; but when
many
of the last sort
of
the
first,
are
equal to a given quantity
the
the
numbers
lefthand
place
beginning on
alternately,
side of the line, and let the last number
stand on the nght

hand

When

it is

side.
If 100

1.

Flemish

make

equal

are

lbs.

lbs.

50

B.ologna

at

lbs. Flemish,

95

Bologna,

lbs. ajt

25

to

make

English

how

-95

100"

.25

19"

If 40

2.

lbs.

lbs.

Ans.

lbs.

"

at

lbs. at NewYork

at

Antwerp

New

York

36

are

"4
r"

Antwerp, and
Leghorn, bow many

lbs. at

equial to

,..'".

48lbs.at

make

make

English

-J.

"'".."""".'"

lbs.

I 40
30

lbs.

many

19

I 5"

'

and

lbs.

144

48

4"

36

3"

Leghorn

at

144"

i 100

3.

and
of

If

lbs.

17

5 lbs.

of almonds

figsworth

rinds

are

raisins

of

30

20

lbs. of

8J lbs,

of

figs,and

lbs. of tamarinds,

equal in value

to

Ans.

worth

are

worth

lbs.

how

almonds,
37

lbs*

lbs. of lama-;

many

42j lbs. of raisins

]
,.

20"

"17

17"

-'5
^

"2
"

s5 "15

:"-.;'ie"

"75

"2

/
"

"

4.

^ayB,

tf A tfan do
and

as

as

much

much
in 9

30"

6"

85"

17

1 681bs.
work

daya

as

A$s.

da^"

^^'B

Vl

in

Xi^

^'c^viv

d^^^,^Tvd C,

^"

113

|N"URANCB"

Holland, that ;00 rbc dollars of HoUand

lars of Prussia,

and

Prussian

dollars

in

that 1 ducat

; how

radol-

is worth

will pay

rubles

many

fetch 1^

Berlin

rix

the debt

2223

1^^.

Ans.

piastersat Leghorn are equal to 100 ducats at

at Cadiz,
Venice, and 1 ducat is equal to 320 maravadies
and 272
maravadies
at Lisbon, and
are
equal to 630 reas
and
400
56
Amsterdam,
at
reas
are
equal to 50 pence
ore
are
equcd to 3 francs at Paris, and 9 francs
pence
and
54
94
London,
at
to
are
equal to
equal
pence
pence
If 94

12.

dollar

United

how

States,

doDara

many

piasters?

800

to

in the

If 140

13.

braces

and

Leghorn,
yards, how

at

Venice

7 braces

at

American

many

be

816f||"

at
equal to
be
American
4
equal to
Leghorn
tian
yards are
equal 52^ Vene-

braces

150

Ans.

braces?
14.

in London

merchant

in

for which

Leghorn,
: but
sterlingper pistster
a circular
route, they are
95 piastersfor 100
ducats
maravadies

950

630

at

reas

Parts

to

London

what

without
Gained
,

54

at

he

48

banco

for 400

per

London

of

by
at

at

Lisbon

thence
from

and

to

thence

fixmi thetice
What

Leghorn

per

circular

is the

piaster,

remittance,
"3610 3s,

ditto.

piasterby

reas

crown.

and

to

from

crown

gained or lost by this

?
reckoning expenses
by circular remittance,
value

pence

Cadiz

to

thence

maravadies;

272

is

Arbitrated

52

Venice

to

thence

; from

sterlingper

pence
price between

32*

piasters

at
directly^

from

banco;

Flemish

30

for 500

choosing to have
sent, by his order,

Flemish

pence

credit

draw

can

ducat

pence

at

has

it reimtted

piaster of

at

arbitrated
and

per

per

Amsterdam
to

equal

are

Ans.

8Jd*

56^^{.d

"r^

INSURANCE.
Rule,
rate
on

Place

the

value

the
on
per cent,
side.
the hft hand

1.
cargo

Kequired
valued

Solution.

at

the

on

dollars
"100

side

at

an

12}

East

124)000-^

"4

of the

per

and

the

line, and

100

insured

property

right hand

insurance

124000
"2

of the

India

ship and

cent.

15^500 dnOa* Aii""

113

COMMISSION.

tlie insurance

Required

2.

dollars

72000

on

$3456.

Ans.

cent.

3.

4| per

at

Required
valued

cargo,

insurance

the

dollars

144000

at

the

on

at

cent.

$9600.

Ans.

Required

4.

dollars

2800

at

and
tbat

the

the
cargo;
of the
cargo

of the

at

Required

5.

insurance

the

valued

cargo,

$373|^.

cent.

per
insurance

of

value

$160,000

Elizabeth

ship being

the

^ of " of|^ off

at

ship

the

on

ship at 4^ per cent ?

Required the insurance

6.

valued

buildings, each

on

and

Constitution

ship
6" per

and

80,000,

value

of the

|of |of f

of

Ann^

$4320.

Ans.
.

the

of

14|

at

and

brig Hannah,
?

cent

per

$230

Ans.

40.

COMMISSION.
Rule.
the

Place

rate

of the

the

line, and

100

the

Required

1.

the

on

the

the

on

lefthand

commission

deposited^

property

commission

of the

cent,

per

of

value

right hand

and
side

side.
dbllars

800

on

at

per

cent.

Solution.

"

100

800"

$32
2.

be

to

received

gentleman
sold

goods

commission

on

Ans.
to

the

value

3|-per

at

his commission.

of 1200

lars
dol-

Required

cent.

$40.

Ans.

'

3.

Required

commission
4.

for

ReqAired

what

laying

factor
out

3^

on

on

4j per

Ans.

$848,50.

commission

my

demand

may

cent,

per

Received

cent.

6.

value

goods to the value

Required my commission.
gentleman deposited in

of

with

of 1 450

dollars, and

17400

which

dollars.

How

for $150

dollars

care

my
me

other

hadHeitt

40.

374.

$5
at

2^

per
$225.

Ans.

allowed

purchased
much

of 9000

72,8.

$40

Ans.
5.

cent,

goods

to

8|-per cent,
eoo" \."(^xXx^

the
mission,
com-

^^^^

koa^^^Nis^V

114

EQUATION

PAYMENTS.

OF

DISCOUNT.
Rule.
made

of

Place
the

on

the

right

dollar

one

for

lefthand

side,

Suhtract

the

will obtain

sum

hand

the

and

the

side

line, and

the

given time and

quotient will
from

is

discount

the

of

worth

present

the

which

on

rate.

be

amount

cent

per

the

the

the

the

on

wcirth.

present
and

due,

sum

he

to

you

discount.
"

"
"

What

1.

is the

hence,

years

at

of

worth

present

What

100

due

dollars,

discounted

be
a

for

hence,

year

cent

per

year?

Ans.

Bought

3.

how

credit;

4^

much

What

$600

on

amounting
ready money

annum?
per
is the difference

cent,

per
4.

goods

for

12

$615

to

75,
I

must

$5

discount

pay,

at

years,

per

the

66.

months

at

at

$600.

Ans.

between

of

ready payment

the
6

at

/:

.:

must

cent?

per

120
2.

dollaHs, due

600

interest

count
dis-

and

cent

"

interest $360, discount

Ans.

'

5.

What

is

the

discounting

hence,

at

the

of

worth

present
rate

of

per

diff. $135.

$225,
672;
cent,

due

per

^s.

EQUATION

years
*l

annum

dceoo.

PAYMENTS.

OF

Rule,

elapse

Multiply
before

products
cf the

on

the

payments

it

each

payment
becomes
due,

right hand
on

the

side

leftliand

by
and

of

the

time

plac6
the

svdo.

the

which
sum

line, and

raiust

of
the

the
sum

115

BARTER.

1.
6

in

$120

months,
is

what

$380,

owed

the

paid

be

lo

and

months,

viz

in

$160

for the

timie

equated

follows,

as

months

10

of the

payment

in

$100

"

whole

debt?

Solution.

100+

6=

600

I2O4.

7=

740

10=1600

leO-f

I 3^^^

"380

in 2

j"^50
in

months

the

whole

"400

in 5
to

agree
that time

make

make

$200

the

in

payment

rest

of

whole

months.

be

be?

lows"
fol-

payment

paid down,
but

months,

15

as

the

and

Ans.

is to

the

of

paid

one

time.

whereof
rest

be

to

months,

months,

agreed to
the
equated

and

one

in

oGlOO

$1000,

months,

dCSOO,

is

it

I demand

owes

him

owing

months,

and

3.

has

merchant

2.

Ans.

"

when

they
must

8 months.

Aps.
,
.

4*. A

has

merchant

due

to

him

certain

of money,

s^I^

to

be

the

and
the

one-sixth

paid

in

rest

of the

payment

in

one-third

months,

is the

what

months;
whole

in

mdnths,

time

equated

Ans,

4^

for

months.

BARTER.
.RwZtf. Place
whose

the

V^Tueis

atid

the

given

constituents

of

constituents

sevetal

the

right

those

whose

on

of

the

side

hand
value

is

commodity
of

the

line,

required

on
.

the

left hand

Note.
as

that

side.

principle

The

in

Rule

the

of

in

involved

Three

this

Simple

or

rule

is

the

same

Proportion.

EXAMPLES.

1.

for
corn

has

which

per

1 20

bushels

gave

him

of wheat,
60

worth

bushels

of

80
corn,

bushell
80
"GO

120"

per bushel,
the
what
was

cents

116

BARTER.

2. G

has

hhds.

12

gallons, valued
him

cloth

cloth

valued

will

40

at
at

for

pay

cents

$4.80

hhd.

each

of molaises,

contaimxig

per

which

gallon, for
yard, how

per

120

gave

yards of

many

the molasses

12"

"4,80

120.

I 120 yards.
3.

Row

for

in barter

wheat

much
50

at

l"ushels

$1,25

of rye,

"125

"5

How

exchange

much

butter
lbs. of

for 12

70
2

70"

14

per

given

bushel

Ans.

bushels.

J cents a lb. must

indigo, at $2,25 per lb.
at

be

must

ce^ts

50"

I 28
4.

bushel

at

Ans.

12

be

given

in

12
"25

225"

I 216

lbs.

Ans.
m

5.

York
cents

has

currency,
per

tuns

of wine

worth

he will barter

bushel, how

many

with

pence
B. and

bushels

\ 400

of

per
take
rye

bufiheU"

pint. New
rye

will

An""

at

pay

63

for

117

BAVTStt.

6.

12

has

him

for which

per lb.,(New York)

$1,40
per busheli how

4 pence

at

wheat

gave
of wheat

bushels

many

of iron

tons

at

did C

give for

the iron

12"
20"
4"
28"
"12

"8

100

"140

I 800
has

7.

him

22

and

cents,

his

put

that

cloth

he

gain

to

10

28

cost

"2

"100

28"

14"

25"

C's

has

on

it, and

at

91,25

to

the

bushel, and

in

of staves

number

what

with

of

did

bushels

60

at

corn

$30

at

staves

interest

months

9.

has

lb.

per
stands

than

in 10

he

bartered

him,

shillingsper

yard,

know

cents

per

thousand,

but

stands

that

of wheat
to

240

has

be

is he

in
to

99

cents

receive

11.

and

shilUngB, and
and

gams

the

^}odB

at

some

gains 8 per cent,

the

same

Am.

rate.

28

it at

128.

at

95

at

equal

90

for

cents

goods,

puts

puts his at

aWffinga "ti"^^

is it

$1,04 J per

V7^"

cents

wheat

price

at

'VA"a.t

Ib"

bushels

many

what

per

bush,

Gd.

shill. 4 pence
which
him
cost

be

218^9

barter

pence
which

cambric

puts

in barter, and

rated, that their gains may

Ans.

tea

10

at

bushel, how

per

per

staves.

of rye"
B
barters with

bushels

bushel, this he

per
'

he

5550

against

Ans.
10.

with

of the

first cost

the

of wheat

receive

it cost

more

I would

which

tea

due

87^

Ans.
A

must

Ans.

him

bushels

balance

high

cts.

it,C delivers

bushel, 50

per

how

cost

110"

for 4250

note

redeem

that

cloth

cents,
than

I 35
8.

Ans.

has

more

"22

"2

25

at

cent,

per

cents,

it

puts

bushels.

his

at

bush.

30^^^

24^ shillings^^
^"

xst^

ASK^^t^

^^3rX"j^

^^x^c^^

113

BAitTWt.-

bu"bels
of wheat
many
I give for 84 bushels
of

How

12.

bushel

must

pence

per
A

13.

bushel

buys

$1,10

gallons,

at

bushel,

how

puncheons
gallon, and

per

and

cash,

$112

Aas.

remain(}er

the

bushels

many

of

bushels.

126

containing

rum,

in return

he

in

wheat,

receive

must

6
shilTuigs

at

corn

of

thUHtigps {ler

at

pays

$1,84

at

How

be

much
in barter

given

per
Sold

pence
15.

for 234

yard?
goods

of

paid

many
16.

bushels

will pay

Sold

yards

York

currency,

96

at

64

at

com

in

wheat,

the

cents

9
shillings

of cloth

dollars

many

lbs.

received

in

bushel, the

jperbushel,

at

117

per

$1,12

at

balance

Ans.

how

161^.

shillings8

pence,

New

in payment

72

gallons

New

shillings9 pence,

per
3

and

$245,

yard, received

per

whiskey
per gallon,how
of

of

value

the

to

is to. be

remainder

184,239.
lb. must

Ans.

bushels

101

payment

shillings6 pence
yards of ^annel, at

at

tea,

per

1
Ans.

14.

will

England currency,
the balance

pay

Anju
A

17.

holds

interest

thereon

against

note

at

hizn 7Q bushels
York

currency,

for $250,
and

cent.,

per

oi wheat

at

and

bushel,

per

9 pence
siiillings

with
redeem

to

bushels

it

many

of

at

corn

Ans.

livers
de-

New

dollars will

the balance?
How

$11.

months

shillings 6 pence,

250

how

per. bushel,

410
him

pay

^43,43175*

yards of carpeting at 78 cts per yard,

cash
be given for 45 yards of broadcloth
at
price, must
the cash
$5,80 per yard, barteringprice, when
was
price
Ans. 282^+
only.$4,90.
yards.
19. A has 200 ya.rdsof cloth at 25 cents
per yard ready
he baiters with
B at 31 cents, taking
of
c.ash,which
sugar
18.

many

him

10

at

gets the

cents

best

per

lb", which
B

Ans.
A

20.
but

bpn

has

in barter
at

22

linen

cents

in present
price does the

cloth

will have

$200
much

linen. muBt

per

30

cents

cents

at

36

but

th^

cents

cents,

who

the

bear
B

rest

in

in barter
Ans^

best

bargain.

per yard, ready cash,

has 1*81 0. yards of "ribi-

yard, ready, cash,

cash, and
ribbon

gets 40

The

and

linen

would

have

cloth.

Wiiat

pel* yard, and

bow-

give
barterin^gpxice fin:
ifl26ct".:4 n^."Bm"ifitT^c;"iN3^
.

tkejibbon

is worth

bargain 1,

120

pitorn^

much

sa

gained

would

be

place

the

and

loss

or

first

other

the

price

lost

or

with

the

on

profitper

the

and

100

subtracted

cent,

per

what

to know
cent*,
per
other
if sold at any
lost
or
cent.,
per
the
side of
hand
price on the left

gained

be

can

xobb,

and

line,
added

cent,

hand

eioht

rate*

of the

side

line.
EXAMPLES.

1.

how

he

must

wine

purchased

gentleman

sell it per

gallon

20

00

"

merchant

being

damaged,

much

must

bought
he

"00

cents

the

hand
the

place
the

gain
16

cost

loss
3

per

"12

the

the
the

on

right,

or

of

the

gain

cost

the

or

price

the

the

second

the

left

IC

at

hand
100

method,

selling price
deficiency of the

with
100

side,
on

the
we

100

is the

cent.

1100

3"12

4"

on

prices, with

two

it

in
methods;
by two
price from the selling

cost

In

sold

cent

per

the

left, and

100

12

lb., and

per

example

line.

excess

how

cent.;

per

Ans.

Sets.

cents

this

between

side

20

lb., but

per

i 8,0"

subtract

place

difference

the

right

solve
we

then

and

price,

on

method,

first

aud

will

We

Note.

is the

ib., what

per

12

at

cents

1,0"

coffee

Ans.

lb. 1

80

Bought

lose

to

20

10

at

content

was

100

3.

per

96cts.

sugar,

sell it per

he

Loss

20

galloui

per
cent?

12,0"

"

120

2.

gain

to

cents

I 8,0"

100

Gain

80

at

I 100=331

I
3

16"

I 400=138|"

100=3aj,

PBOFIT

4.

if

"

of

yards

yards be sold,

cloth

g^iii40

to

"9

"100

SolViM, how

63

cost

45"

63"

140"

of

If

4-|.
yards of
5^ yards be sold

5.

cloth

"8

6"

"2

11"

"24

5"

"11

72"

If

Jersey
yard be

of

of

to

gain

3"

how
25

per

11

33=

of linen

yard
for

currency,

sold

88"22"

20

6.

|-of f

cent.

per

of

3"

"100

"20

must

"9
4

Ans.

$Q^j, how

12

"4
"3

$441

cost

lose

to

45

nmst

cent.

per

121

K.Ofld.

AND

many
cent.

"5

N.J.

11

2 Q-j

cost

cents

Ans.

t^

of
must

of

"", New

of

of

122

7.

off 0^4

If J

of f of
3,
"I"
cents
musty^^
of

wni

We
rales

in

for

of

ones.

new

the

example,

above

required to reduce
Rule, Multiply "ll4he

numerator,

and

denominator

|^ of f
*X

Reduce

agreeable

the

all

then

compound
numerators

denominators
all of

feduee

these

terms.

Seduce

Reduce

of

-^

-^

to

the

arithmetic.

are

new

lowest

""

common

simple
a

cost
^V "^ f
yard of xnuslm
(New
Jersey currency,) for how
many
-Jof f of j^ of a yard be sold to gain 30

of

solve

First, We
for

LOSS.

cent.

per

to

ANI"

FIIOFIT

of

of

of

to

"

of

|- of f

to

of

=8

40

^1

Tir=5T8o=t

TIT

off off

simple fraction.

sin^ple fraction.

8^

6 72

ir=TTFA

to

9
-

"

IT

simple fraction.

Tir

iir^Tre^r^^A

fractions

together
together
to

their

if

Then,

6f

yard

will

"", what

cost

123

I"Ofl(B.

AND

rtbOFlT

-^

of

yard

costl

Ts

c"

1"6x12=18

:^ i "=T^=lishilL

:U=iofa"

6x12=90

of

'EA^wio^^TQ

'^'

cts,

cts.

100xJ=20
100

20

130

130

1,00)26,00
Ana.

26

8, A

gentleman purchased
75

gftllonfi,at

he

for which

20

accident,
0old

is allowed

gallon, to gain

per

his

gallon ; he allows
for purchasing, and
of 4 per
a premium

gallons leak

out

20

how

220"

in

gold,
by

and

cent.,

remainder

be

cent.

per

10

agent

pays

the

must

containing220

per

commission

cent,

per

cents

of wine,

cask

before.

as

2"
3

75"

--110

100"

"100

104"

26
,

5
_4

"200

120"

_100

93| Ans.

468=cts.

gallons of wine, at $1,20 per gallon,but by

I sell
rate
out
must
10 gallons leaked
accident
; at what
the whole
the remainder
gallon, to gain upon
prime ^
per
Ans.
cental
of
12 -Jper
$1,51,8-|-.
rate
at the
cost
dollars
three
broadcloth
at
twenty-five
10.
By selling
of
the
lose
I
rate
cent,
at
yard
twenty
;
cents
per
per
1
the
cloth
of
the
what
cost
yard
is
per
9.

Bought

90

$4

Ans.
11.
cts.

whole

If

per

forty pounds
pound, and

cost

met

of
I

chocolate

gain

nine

be

^ei

sold

at

cexiX.,

06,85.

twenty-fo^

n^V-^X. ^\^

Kxi%*

^^

VI

^^

^^:V

"

}Jti

AN^D

Tn^Frt

toiss.

If I

12.

sell cloth

fifteen per

yard

13.

If I retail

oil at

cent., if I sell it

per

at

what

cent.,

per

dollar

one

eight

cents

lose

10

Ans.

If I sell

14.

and

lose

thereby

lose

or

hundred

one

twelve

per
four

if I sell

cent

per

pounds

have

to

under

sold

his real

If I

K.

lb, and

per

ready
receive

am

sell

the

same

ten

pence

per

cent,

so

; how

profitof

10

six

cent,

on

the

N.

for

cash

cloth

must

which

four

be

pence

sold

Bought

19.

-priceper

to

1250

barrel

gain 12^

barrels

I sell it to

must

per
do

currency

two

cent,

per

the

whole

paid

cent.
per
Ans.
16

of flour

for

$77,28.

E.

out

ize
real-

to

$543,312

shillingsand

thirteen

costs

rency
cur-

fifteen

Ans.
How

18.

Y.

weighing fifty-six

allowed

was

$75.

money

pence

I receive

must

per

he

disconht

much

of tea, each

chests

much

he

was

N.

gain

to

as

how

Bought
pounds, at four shillings and
pound : for ready money
per
a

much

how

the

1 per
cent.
and
twenty

Ans.
twelve

discount

of

whereas

cent.,

17.

percent.

Ans.

advanced,

money

lose

hundred

one

of sugar
at
allowed
four

cwt.

and

money,
oh
the

cent,

six

buy

lon?
gal-

per

value

cent.

per

pounds

Ans.

thereby lost twenty

per
cent,
gained thirtyper
j

dollars, and

ought

hundred
1

for thirty-six
dollars
sugar
sold
bofse
for
15.
A
a
man

at

for eight dollars,

of "ugar
shall I gain
cent., what

f^me

38

per gallon, and

I gain or
shall

fiftycts.

dollar

one

gain

if I sell it

cent,

thereby gain twenty-fivo

lose

thereby

Ans.

per

6s

and

yard,
gain per

per

shall I

what

cent.,

5s

at

shillingsper

for

gain 12^

$6250,

what

at

cent.

per

yard.

Ans.

$5,62^.

Bought thirty hogsheads

hogshead, in Havana; paid duties
20.

"

portage

$6,05, insurance

gain by sqlHng
''21" Bought
what

rate

must

at

$26

$30,84

per

wheat

at

mglasses

$20

at

what

-five

cents

gain twenty

per

If 1

pound,

0SO, 80

on

purchase
at

what

the whole

thirteen

cwt.

of

busncl;

per
cent.

per
coffee

price per foxxuA m\x%\.

\

should
per cent,
11 A^+.
Ans.

at

at

Ans.
22.

per

$20,66, freight $40,78,

hogshead

seventy

I sell it to

of

90

12^

1 ^ell it
hxA.

cts.
cents

gain

to

\%

^\i^.

AND

PROFIT

23.

miller

sold

gained twenty
to

the

cent.
per
of $37,50

amount

of rye

quantity

and

bushels
there
were
many
did he sell it per bushel
]
A trader
24.
bought one

$1

at

after, he

soon

i2"

LOSS.:

the

of

sold

gained fiftyper cent.

the
last parcel, and

in

Ans.

bushels,

30

and

bushel

per

same

how

what

at

$1,25.

at

hogshead of gin, of a certain

proof, containing 115 gallons, at $1,10 per gallon j how
he i"ut into
it to
must
gallons of water
gain $5, by
many
$1
it
?
Ans.
selling at
16^ gallons,
per gallon
four
25.
Bought
lons,
hogsheads of wine, containing 450 galii!^at
and
sold
at $1
gallon,
$1,20 per gallon, and
per
wine
3 months'
credit ; allowing the leakage of the
gave
while
know
in my
possession to be ten gallons, I would
of the
the gain or loss, discounting for the
worth
present
Ans.
debt, at six per cent, per annum.
$70,19
gain.
26.
A vinter buys 596 gallons of wine, at 6 shillings3
in ready
and
sells it immediately
money,
per gallon,
pence
at '6
shillings9 pence
gallon, payable in 3 months
;
per
How
much
is his
the
he
allows
gain or loss, supposing
,

for

interest

for

the

time

present

payment

What

would

27.

wine,'
made

supposing
2

at

at

cent,

per

Ans*

be

the

annum

per

?
the

gain

discount

without

cent,

per

regard

gain

Ans.
28.

merchant

$1, for every

at

the

rate

gained

as

bought
of

yards

parcel

which

he

time

of

cloth

sold

then

distiller

is

which

he

molasses,

ready
credit.

money,
It
is
to

money

quantity

Ans.
A

at

him,
8

per

purchasing

about

have

can

fiftycents

or

required
eithei^
cent,

to

per

Ans.

to

buy

at

per
know
it

on

annum,

he

will

48

credit,
to

p"y

gain $136

is

more

or

to

had

did

he

yards.

gallons
gallon

per
with
2

gallon
which

he

90

10,000
cents

of

rate

yards

sell?
29.

the

found

many

6J.

17s.

certain

of $3, for
5 yards, and
every
much
how
18 yards cost
as
;

^10
at

be

to

payment

to

8d.

ITs.

aforesaid

the

on

for present
any

oCll

gain

loss

or

discount

as

of
in

months'

geous
advantaborrow

the

price..
by paying cash.

the

cash

136

TARE

TARE

Tare

and

Tret

TRST.

AND

TRET.

AND

made

allowances

in

selling goods

by

weight.
Draft
the

is

buyer

allowance

an

j it is

i"jporter

or

weight in favor o"

gross
before
the
always deducted

the

on

tare.

Tare

is

made

allowance

an

buyer for the weight

bag, "c., containing the

the

to

of the

hogshead, barrel oj box or

commodity.
Gross
weight is the whole
weight of the goods, together
them.
with
die hogshead, barrel, or bag that contains
Suttle

part of the

is when

the gross.
Net
weight

is what

remains

afler

from

deducted

is

allowances

all allowances

are

made.
Tret

is

allowance

an

for the

made

Rule,

of 4

for every

pounds

pounds,

104

dust, "c.

Place

the

hand

side

hand

side, with

of the

whole

weight

gross

line, then
112

place 112
diminished
by the

directly opposite

the

on

lb

first
==cwt.

tare

per

the

on
on

cwt.

right

the

left

ing
stand-

right.

EXAMPLES.

1.

be

cwt.

is the

What

for

allowed

weight

net

of

cwt.

gross,

if 14

lbs. per

tare

44"

"112

11

j 98"

_28

44

7
\

"

2
^

2.
-

Bought

lbs. per

84

be

cwt.

"

cwt.

of

allowed
"16

sugar
for

"112

I 77=38J
wliat

tare

is the

84"

12"

92"

23

0^

cwt.

cvjX,

net

^t".

Aws.

weight,

if 20

128

AND

TAR"

TRST.

"

38

tobacconist

7.

cwt^

$9 per

qrs.

tare

at

remainder

per cent,
the note^into

^nd
per
at

note

-a:Cu "deduction

i^horle copt

of

for

Ibs^ per

8^4 per

at

me,

figs,each
cwt.

owt.

Bought

$49

at
"

lbs. per

gain

20

weight,

net

cwt,

per
104

lbs., how

per

cent.

weighing
the

sell

allowed

tare

per

bag

lb., and

per

8 lbs. per

lbs., what

retail

the

How

maqh

price

will

the

was

to

gain

Cost

25

per

of

cwt.
at $9 per
cwt.,. if
qrs, cost
for tare, and
what
lbs. per cwt. be allowed
for the whole j if it be sold at an
advance

Ans.

cost

at

cent.

per

lbs.,

96

30

Cost

each

sugar,

per

cents

$324, retail price 37^

hogsheads

cwt.,

-^^"- ^^^'

weighing

whole

will

be

of 30

cts.

ing
weigh-

deduction

to

23.

currency)
quantity to gain 20

of coffee, each

bags

Ans.

12.

$7269

V
12

tret

(IT.Y.

cent.1
Purchased

qrs.

quantity

^ng.

Bought 5 cwt. of sugar, tare

for the net
weight I paid 6 pence
I sell the whole
pound ; how must

cwt,

whole

10.

11.

$268,57.

4 cwt.

lbs.'per

12

tare

must

qrs.
the

weight 4

net

of tea, each

chests

32

did

Ans.
9.

gain.

cwt.

v^hat

tare":

at

ing
turn-

on

$283,80

weighing
for

time

the

discount,
Ans.

of

18

for

interest

cash.

casks
BougJjrC'32

8.

tare

lbs.

14

vireighing
hogshead, at
sells it at
11 J
per
pepce
in
receive
cash,
cwt., to
|^
90
credit
days'
; his gain
9.4 lbs. per

required, supposing the

360 days .is allowed
per

is

loss

or

for the

lbs., gross,

ready money,

cwt.,

lb., allowing
and

of tobacco,

hogsheads

buys. 4

of

12

received

per

$562,50, received

cent.?

$731,25.

What

13.

weighing
lbs.
"

per

14.

the

it
4

cwt.

104

cwt.,

much^ust

qrs.

gross,

lbs.

Purchased

per

weight

net

in London
net

weight,

I receive,

in

of

16

tare

Ans.

11

16

cwt.

tare

12

federal

15.

Bought

Jba, reduction

16

for

Wholesale

of

tea, at de28

lbs.

lb. pet

cwt.,

per

liion^y, for the

cent.,

$1991,11,

firkins of butter, eB."^

tare

rice, each

lb. per cwt.,

cwl.i 2 qrs. 27

quantity,to realize a profit of 12 per

retail price will all j\v. the same
profit1
Ans.

of

tierces

cwt.,

and

retail

-w^a^wv^

t^^\^V5

tret

Ibs.-f:
ling
ster-

how
whole
what

$1,24,
\Q^

^ew^i^^^^w

COMMERCIAL;

Euii^laiKl
cucrency
must

be

the

wholesale

"?ent.

on

the

first cost

retail

and

this rule

goods

in

of another

per cent.
Rule. Place

included

are

country,
the

price,

me,'
to

and

gain

what
20.

per

$4Ql,14+ret8|il$0

24^,

EXCHANGE.

and

country

one

it^cost

COMMERCIAL

Under

did

$334,28+wholesale

Cost

Ans,

lb., what

per

129

"XGHANqB"

so,

to

as

the

operations of ing
purchasin
the
them
selling
currency
lose
some
gain or
required
in the

first
given currency,
side of the line, (if the retail price be
expressing the quantityprocured for
whole

cost

right hand
required) the number
left hand
the
the
side, write
that price first on
next
on
in federal
right the value of a unit of the given currency,
and
lastlyto increase or diminish the price by the
money,
required per cent; place 100 on the left of the line, and
increased
100
by the per cent, to be gained, or diminished
by the per cent, to be lost on the right hand side of the
the

on

line.
Note.

If

the

wholesale

expressing the whole

placed on the left of

price 'be required, the number

quantity (by the preceding rule
the line)must
be rejected.
EXAMPLES.

1.

Purchased

cost

me,

must

in London

yards of broadcloth, which

including transportation,oGSOO, sterling, how
in federal
sell the
make
to
same
per yard,
money,

profitof

20

per

cent.

360

?
300"

_3

_360
9

1 "00

40

120"

I 40"=$4,444

\^

Ans.

'

130

COMMERCIAL

Purchased

2.

and

paid d612

BXCHANCTE.

yatdsof sbeeting;tdr dC75,

York
New
to
transportation
; how
in federal
to gain 15 per
money,

in London
for its

must

I retail the same,

cent,

on

the first cost

350

i
87

"350

40"

25

"100

merchant

23

115"

1575
3.

"

=$1,27+

2001

in London

Ana.

elh of cloth, at 5
of transportationand

bought 700

sterlingper ell, the cost

shillings
35 per cent., the exchange
was
duty of the whole amount
the
cents
dollar ; fer how
on
at par
or
4^ shillings
many
sold'
in
be
to
must
one
Philadelphia, gain 12-J^
yard
per
cent

?
1

Yards.

"4

$1,35
Note,
of

tion of

statements

1st

is

acquaintedwith

not

this tem
syscalcula**

circumstantial
arithmetic,proceeds by
the rule of three, or by fractions ; and to
the

before

proof,we

statements

who

merchant

requiredin

answer

As

Ans.

by

he

question,be

is

is able to find the

obligedto

many

dCs

shillings
per

ell ?

sterlingwill

skill.

ell

5::

700

700

2(0)350^0
""115-

the

make

six

of the

six

answer.

will go through the calculation

the rule of three :

(Question. How

cloth cost, at 5

this

find

700

ells of

""HttBHeiAL

ISl

EXCBAS"t.

236^
3d

In

Question.
each

23"|-pound89

how

$a

many

at

4^

lings
shil-

4,50

: :

236,25
20

shillings.

450) 472500(1050
450

2250
2250
It

"

4th
per

Question.

cent

gain

How

much

will $1050

aniount

"

100

112,50:

1050

1050

562500

11250

l,0c()1181,2o,00

to

at

12^

132

.C^CNVHSaCUI'

5th

Que^od.

In

^X""^mG"y

elJa how

700

ells,

ells,

yds^

yardu

ma"by"

700

700
0-

4)3500
y da.

875

6th
cents

Question. If
will one
yard

^cost $11 81,25, how

yards

875

many

cost?
^^^^

yds.
S75

yi.

$
.

1181,25

"

875)1181 25(1,35
-:

875

as

before*

-,A.
-r

cc.

3062
2625
'

4375
4375

3.

Received

from

England

sterling per pint,for which

exchange being
cent.,
per
ijiany

dollars

will

3 hhds.

I
10
cost

hhds.

paid
per

of wine

for

10

pence

freight and duty 25

How
cent,
premium.

in.Penn.

?
.

3"

I $385

at

Ana.

cosetfERCiAL

If

A*

merchant

of New

of "5e783

10

133

excban;"si:.

York

hew

to

the

sum

$3828

or

the

pay

York

if New

the
he

must

to

and

are

that

broker

the

better

must

draft

than

send

those

"00

87

106

I 101442=$4057

York

merchant

'

pays

Ans.

68
3828

diff.'

229,68

sell

at

finding
cash

customer,

gave

2J yards
with

sugar
6f sugar
$2

New

England

be

an

for 20

per

for

for

Englishman
ells

of

did
wool

he

his linen

3J

lbs. of sugar,
for broadcloth,

he
9

Now

lose
pence

or

lb., but

per

with

bartered

with

he" could

which

not

yet
for

and

not

and

finding

sugar,

"12

"3

changed

First

offer

he

1 cwt.
gave
his cloth
sold

tion,
gain by this transacrency)
curEngland
(New

"15

1500

9"3"

10"

| $2250

$3000

I $3000

2250

750

his

and

--20
"3

and

lb.

18000"2250
"

him

broadcloth.

what
the

currency

yards linen,

two

baiteried

of linen

yard,
estimating
per

suit

to

of wool

lbs.

7J

lbs. of wool,

18000

purchaser

gave

for

had

pence.

re^-

much

how

0"

11

25

merchant

of

40"

25"100

it,

"9

5.

for

had

Philadelphia merchant
irom
England^
783"

New

he

obtain

to

cent

per

merchandise

same

pay

broker

England

premium,

percent,

same

funds

Fhiladf^lphiay
ceived

at

pay

difference, gain.

Ans.

134

OdMMeRClAL

6.

of

land

United

of the

gehtleman

piece

SXCHANOB.

miles

left his

States

broad.

long, 4f miles

7 ehildren
A

tled
set-

son

in

England, sold his part there for oe4j sterling* per

the
but being indebted
he sent
his relations
to
money
United
time
that
5 per cent
States, exchange
at
mium.
preFor
what
ought the bill to draw I

acre,

the

to

father

his
in

Frenchman

7.

being

vessel, and

took

father

the

but

son,

in

at

francs,

of

chance

and

of

which
young
his

the

business
clerk

The

to

said

money

did

that

England

the

insurance

allowing him. 4
brother
having become
his

commissioners,

agreed

at

of

partners

sister, and

by selling their

they

so,

the

time
tp

[Solution

was

at

the

sage
pas-

and

son

1,347,840

question

10^

pence
10

page.]

per

to

of

is, with

settle

to

intimate

friends,

ten

he

business

commence

of

the

commission.

cent,

per

parts

discount

brothers-in-law

America
next

for

insured

was

his

of

taken

father

with

of

sons

children

three

grandfather possessed ^ part.* By

clerk
became
acquainted with the brother
principal being appointed commissioner

marry

themselves

fcor

two

sister, had

France,

and

reposed

also

her;

of

cargo

the

different
in

in

son

vessel

cargo

of the

part

and

The

The

sea.

sister,

from

brother

them,

his

France,

in

packet ship.

lost

was

with

passage

remained
two

furnished

hjin again

establish

to

but

by misfortune,

trade

in

resolved

wealthy

States^ and

United

the

failed

had

the

insurance

per

cent,

how

much

and

to
as

federal

begin business, if exchange

from
franc, and
sterling per
?
cent,
premium
"

136

fiXCH^NUE.

C0^]iSECIA:l4

Received

11.

from

linen, whole
the

in

same

Irish

c"60

cost

federal

gain

900

how

currency,

to.

money

Dublin

in

a^ent

my

15

I retail

must

cent

per

Ans.
in

I have

12.

warded

by

me

transportation

325

federal

to

money,

Paris, which

in

agent

my

how

crowns,

gain_16

cost

S3,455+

dollars, how
I

per

have

hand

on

I sell the

same

of

bale

from'

piasters
yard

per

at

gain

cent.l

per

Ans.
3 hhds.

from

Received

how

Spatiish dollars,

or

to

containing 174
cost, including

silk

Cadiz,

taining
con-

$0,559+.

Ans.

yards, which I received

transportation, of 140
must

same

yard.

paid 188 Spanish

gallon to gain 12j

agent

my

sell the.

in

same

per
each

wine,

cent

14.

must

of

hhds.

which

gallons, for

63

per

Madrid

from

Received

the

1
Ans.

13.

for-

including

me

I sell

must

-cent.

per

$0,31,4+.

broadcloth

of

yards

120

store

my.

of

yards

$0,844.
ing
contain-

of port wine,

reiBs

Oporto
gallons each, cost including transportation,30 milI retail the
hhd., how must
gallon to
same
per
per

gain

25

15.

63

16.

cent.

per

Consigned

to

barrels

he

sterling ought
the

cent.,

paid

receive

to

of

expense

for

transportation being

Rteceived

2510

gallons

of

of

willing to lose
price per
France

1200

600

French

same

per

what

will be

guineas,

each

me

1500

fipderal money

Hamburgh

mark

by

to

money

gain

Ans,

$3,22

pence.

Smith,
invoice

quality I

am

the

be

Ans.

$2,758+.

each

bancos,

yard

bbing2^qr8.

how
to

they

must

gain

bottle

per

ells of cloth

the

per

must

40

sell

the

cent., and

per

gain, $0, 306+1

which
Hamburgh,

man's

from

tost

me

What

$4,60, how

man^s

3d0

per

from
received
company,
champagne, for which
they paid

in federal

each

cost

cost,

10

J.

inferior

an

money
in

traded
of

the

on

in federal

bottles

Bottle

being

of

oC's

$50.

London,

which

wine,

cent,

men

Received

19.

it

5 per

gallon

Three

18.

agent

my

Madeira

sterling, but

c3ei640

in

gain

shillings6

12

300

many

to

same

06383

London,

How

$1500.
the

Ans.
17.

of

J. Smith,

agent,

my
of flour, for which

$0,73S+"

Ans.

"

must

gai^ 12^

the

be

same

^ei: cent

the

sold

in

ell of

kav%\,Wr.

UNCOINSO

New.

20.

York,

Amsterdam

from

SILVER

iSND

June

9th,

1840.

137

MONEY.

This

day, received

yards

of carpeting,
whole
retail -price in federal

600

2400

cost

to
guilders,required the
money
?
Ans.
$1,92.
gain 20 per cent
which
of
cost'
London
barrels
21.
380
flour,
Shipped to
including transportation,$6 per barrel, how
me,
many
I
whole
the
forreceive
must
quantity to
English crowns
2280
Ane.
crowns.
gain 10 per cent ?
-

TABLE

AND

UNCOINED

OF

ENGLISH

""1
del

MONEY.

SILVER

CURRENCY.

sterling(before 1832)
(since 1832)
prior to 1832 ^9

equalled $4,44

"

4,80

Or

Since
1

English
10

or

1
1
1

1832

"5

crown

English

1,10
11,00

crowna

English shillingpistoreen
English penny

""!

1
1

20

CURRENCY.

equals

Irish

"

shilling

,20J.

"01^

"

penny

10

$4,10
41,00

c"10

1 French

CURRENCY.

Crown

equals

$1,10
11,00

crowns
tt

,93

1 franc

tt

.181

1 Decimes

tt

1 five

franc

piece

SPANISH

1
1
1

,22i

it

FRENCH

or

equals 24,00

IRISH

or

40,00

Spanish dollar
real
newplate
real

veUon

CURRENCY.

vv

i\

53R.

138

FBLLOWSIfiP.

SINOLB

OF

CURRENCIES
of

1 millree
1

three

Danish

ot

ducats

scudo

of

pizza
pi^za

of

gold

Maltese
of

rupee

of

pagoda

'
-

"

of

left hand
with

righthand

Hamburgh

Amsterdam

Riife, Place

the

side
the

"

FELLOWSHIP.

SINGLE

together

of Java

of

*.----

tale

banco

Madrass

Sumatra

guilder

the

--

Bengal
Bombay

of

of

1 mark

the

of Sumatra

1 dollar

of Rome

Japanese

1 florin

of Canton

1 tale

"

scudo

1 rupee

I tale

Grown
Crown

1 florin of Trieste
of Trieste
dollar
1 Rix

of Genoa

1 Roman

Sicily
Sicily
Leghorn

of

1 oncia
1

""

rigsbank dollar
of Naples
ducat

1 silver

...

rix dollars

or

rix dollar

Russian

of Sweden

dollar

1 rix

Portugal

silver ruble

Russian

NATIONS.

OTHER

which

amount

of

the

stock

line, and
each

each
the

partner

partner
whole

put

in

put

in

on

gain or loss,
severally,on

side.

EXAMPLES.

Three
horses
and

gentlemen,
to

48,

the
"nd

West

A,

and

G^ shipped

Indies, o" yrVAcVv

in. distress

number

of

A. oyitl^^ /il^.,^ ^^^

o" vreaxViex

-t)ci^a^amftix

-^ox^

SlDfOLB

obliged

throw

to

45

139

F"I.L0WSH1F,

pait of the loss does

what

overboard,

sustain.

each

owned

Whole

"36

Whole

45.

108

j 24"

45_

I 36"

"3

| 48"
| 45"

"9

I 45"

_108

A's,

I 10

loss

48

"

stock

"108

"9

24

15

"108

I 15 B's.

4
5

C's.

I 20

20

15
10

proof.

45

A, B and

entered

and

$1000,

$600,

of the

share

ones

into
and

partnership, A invested
they gained $800, what

gain.

$400,
is

each

400
600

1000

2000
-5

"2000

400

2000

600"
80

800"

I $160

A's.

I 1000-

3-2000

$800"

"0

B's.

I $240

400

C's.

] $400
,

3.

Two

persons

hired

liberty to
When
they

take

for $20, with

pleased.
wished

who

and

Boston,

they admit
person
is

to
on

required
A

80

80

had

same

their

gone
route

return,

pay
to

in.

settle the coach

D25

whole

diBialtice.

two

of
to

hire

go 40
when

to

more

miles

they

15

miles

they

admit

and

return

with

them

to

within

proportion

C65

250

in

for the remainder

is to

go

the

in Boston

coach

the

the

25

miles

of Boston,

journey.
distance

between

he

them.

As

each

rode, it

140

FSLLOW"HIP*

SINGLE

I8

"250

"250

32==$6f

I 65"
5

"250
2

i 32^$6f

[25"

13

"250

20"

20-

0"

0"

]2

"0

0"

\m

I 26==$5|
A's

6f

B's

6?

C's

51

D's2

$20

gentleman distributed 860 among

giving to A ^, to B \, to G |^,and to
4.

ones

4 of his servants,

sbare

1^of

60=20

"'

60=15

"

60=12

*'

60=10

57

$60.pT"t)ot

^,

what

is each

COMTOVSb

141

FELLOWSfll^.

Six

into
gentleirien, A, B, C, I", B and F entered
A
hundred
dollars,
partnership for one
put iti two
;
year
5.

hundred,

three

hundred,

what

^are

A's

Aim.

hundred,

eight hundred,

sixty dollars

and

four

and

dolls. ; B's

40

60, C's

of

Divide

6.

be

the
other

each

to

Two

7.

three

have

times

3 and

certain

sum,

what

B;

as

as

A's

which

Multiply
he

gain

or

of

each

the

on

each

continued

the

right

and

120

is

estch

to

have

to

three

to

lOs.

oClIS

is

160.

is

10s., B's

shall

times

a
aa

B's

d666f,

66133^,

stock

man's

in trade, then

partners,
hand

160.

and

C's

de400.

FELLOWSHIP.

products on the
loss, together

several

F's

which

"5G600;

A,

as

part

COMPOUND
R^le,

of

and

E's

which

inach

de337

share

again

is each

how

share
to

are

Ans,

as

A's

much

Ans.

100,

and

parts
80,

gained 66450,

much

persons

three,

4.

have

as

into

360

Ans.

Three

much

2,

as

merchants

liave

8.

number

tl^egain

80, D's
120

six

hundred

five

share

one's

hundred,

they gained

each

was

fi^re

place
side

left hand
with

by

time

the
the

during
of

amount

of the

line,

product of the
severally multiplied by

and

the

stock

the

side.

the

of

the

time,

which

they

'

EXAMPLES;

1.

$56.

pay
60

A, B, and

sheep

part

In

hold

this

pasture
and
for 8 weeks,

of the

$56

A40X

ought

in

pasture
A

hals 40

80

each

to

sheep

sheep

pay

6=240

60X

80X12=960

8=480

1680

whole

[Solution opposite page.]

for

common,

stock.

for

for
12

weeks,

weeks.

What^

"4t2

#EL;.OWSmP.

COMPOUND

"1680

"3

56

56"

"1680

"

"

B^s.

I $16

A'b.

\ $8

16

480"

240"

8
960
\ 960\

16

200

dollars

and

for

for

pit in 200
is each's

what

share

B, C,

A,

D,

A's stock
;
four
hiindred

B's

G'"

five

required

three

hundred

merchants

misfortune
the

in

four

4fand for
hoYf

thousand

much

dollars

m^onths, and

15

is each

and

man's

for

thousand

one

and

sixty dollars;

665

B's

dollars

three

for

interest

$146,

interest
B

months,

of the

they share

must

$53,75,

A's

five thousand

part

eight

months,

for five

how

fox 12

E's

months,
H's

for

hundred

five

gain.

received

had

persons

C's

hundred,

two

for four

280,

lars
A
put in 21 5 dolcompany,
dollars for ,9 months,
hut hy

Ans.

Three

put in

lose

390

loss
5.

they

partnership
months,

hundred

of the

traded

and

into

hundred

nine

for 6 months,

entered

for five

months,

share

one's

C'b

dollars

F'stwo

months,
two

240,

months,

"ix

they gained

eaeh

Two

4.
,

and

for

$80, B's

E, F, G

six hundred

hundred

five months;

share

A's

for

for three

hundred

dollars;

600

was

D's

eight months,

months,

for three

400

they gained

months;

Ans.
3.

put in

months,

two

partnership ; Aputm

into

entered

merchants

Tliree

$32C's.

proof.

$56

2.

I 56"

"1680

"3

32

"Z

"

25.
;

tbou-

months;

'

A's

Ans.

Jan.

put

and

companied

1, but

put

6.

in

have

to

an

in

put in

his share

equal

share

$240, B's

June
in the

two

225, C's

dollars

thousand
did

1 ; what

profitswith

he

Three

hundred
dred

and

for 18

traded

merchants

twenty

in company

dollars for

months, and

one

ten

months,

hundred"%.

$d428f

put
B

then

Ans.
7.

200.

one

in

one

hun-

for 5 montiiB

144

MKNSVRATION.

2.

How

feet

many

in

board

feet

40

long ^nd

inches^

21

wide?
I 4"

27"

"12

"3

feet.

Ans.

6^^ ^^^

^^^S

I 90
3. How

in

feet

naany

board

^^^

^? inehes

wide?
"11

72"

"12

33"

I
4.
7

How

inches

maily
wide

feet in

board

feet.

18

Ans.

plank 4|^feet long

or

and

?
"5

24"

"2

15"

"12

I 3 feet.
5.

How

(making
wide

and

no

feet
many
allowance
inches

of

boards

for

thick

in

saw)

the

Ans.

60

"12

ber

75

feet

many

long,

feet
18

long

inches

I 2lpfeet.
How

feet

of timber

?
60"

6.

stick

square

of

inches

boards

in

wide

and
75

Ans,

square
8

inches

stick
thick

of
?

tim

145

mensuration;

How

7.

cuibiG feet in

jnanj

and

long, 24 inches thick,

feet

stick

("f square

inches

87
96~.

wide

timber

96

16
.

"144

^6

24"

I 37

I 592
8. How

feet

cubic

many

inches

long, 15

feet in

wide,

_2"

feet.

thick

8 inches

and

^5

Jr2"

144

15"

marble

square

Ans-

pillar14 J
?

8"

cubic

J 12

feet.

Ans.

'
""

"

"

"
-

"

How

9.
108

feet

long,

feet in

cubic

many

wide

4|^ inches
-.-6

stone

and

"144

10.

What

tite sides
11.

and

18

What

the

is the

content

by

inches

21

is the'cbncent

sides

14

by

3^

24"

"3

10"

of

thick

cubic

feet.

Ans.

of dmber

40

Ans.

inches

]
of

timber

j6

piece

stick of

inches

108"

-5

I 12
.

or

piece

of timber

feet atni^
fdet.

105

48fe6tl"mgyi

]
48"

...3

14

..-144

9"

cubic

I 42
12.

abd
-

What

the
13.

inches

IS,

sides

How

the

32

by

inches

cubic

many

wide, and

of

content

inches

piece

feet.

of timber

feet in

Ans.

9.feet

long

14

febt*

Ans:
a

stone

20

feet

long,

thick?

ti

14

"".

'

36'

146

MENSURATION.

To
Place

Ride.

and

7854*

Jind
the

sdidiiy qf
of

square
the

altitude, on

denomination

the

the

the

side

to

the

decimn],
line, and

the

diameter,

right hand

inferior

next

cj^inder.

of the

answer

the

on

left.

EXAMPLES.

1.

the

Required

inches, and

36

the

solidity of

length 20

the

cylinder

diameter

feet.
36-"-

36
"144

"4

,7854
5

^0"

I 141,

feet.

372

Ans.

Required the solidity of a cylinder,

being 4f inches, and length 50 feet ?
2.

"5

24"

..-5

24"

"144

...6

50"

feet.

I 6,2832
Required
"being9 inches,
4. Required

solidityof

the

and

altitude

J 2 feet.

of equal thickoess, the diameter

in

being

Required the cubic feet contained

end
timber of equal bigness from
to
being 18 inches, and length 36 feet.
To
Place

Bade*

with

A"

the

the

area

of

an

of

square
the

length
on

answer

your

parUf

twice

denomination

the

wish

mat

5, 301 4.
stick of timber

in^heSi

and

Ans.

5.

and

diameter

the

Ans.

feet.

24

Ans,

cylinder

feet contained

the solid

diametar

,7854
.

3.

the

inch.

on

square
the

round
the

end.

Ans.

10,

6029.

of

stick

diameter
63, 6174.

timber.

of

the

semi

right hand

inferior

next

the

round

in

length

to

diameter,

side
that

of the

in which

gether
to-

line,
you

left.

circle wboM

^vam"lci

\"

VgaV, Sa^ ^%""i dech

U%

MOMiWSULmm-

B"i|fN/Ba"

X, What
hex

iQches

24

thB

solid

diameter

and

will be

feet of
40

round

slick "lf ^m*

feet

loog,

feet,

Ans.

when

befpit

square

12"
-.144

12"
2
"

40

80

The

Note.

What

timber
feet

is 'that

number

will

when

long

be

hewn

solid

the

long

malti*

round

diameter

stick

of

and

75

will

What

timber,

4|^ inches

of

square,

of

content

I 24
3.

iMimbei:

itself.

plied by
2.

of

square

when

be

hewn

solid

the

feet.
of

content

feet

of 5

square,

Ans.
round

diameter

and

stick
48

of
feet

1
60
...3

60"

...144

20

2
48"

I 240Q

feet.

A^ius.

GAUaiNG.
To

find
Rtde.

47

on

the number

Place
the

the

of gallons contained
square

righth^ncj ^ide

of the
of the

in

the

diameter,
line, and

circular

cistern^

length, and

Qtv.xW\fi"*^|^"

148

MBN80IUTION.

1.

tbe

mm^

of

numbcrr

Re({iriTedtire

being

diameter

and

feet

in

gdlons

circular

height

eis-

feett

12

8"
8

"8

12
47

Ans.

I 4512.
2.

feet

16

contain

and

diaaneter,
160

of

number

the

Required

circular

cistern

the

deep, allowing

feet

20

in

hhds.

hhd.

to

gallons,
\ 16"

"8

16"
0"

"160

47

I 188

Ans.

hhds,
.

3.

4|

feet

contain

and

diameter,
141

number

the

Required

of

33^

feet

hhds.

deep, allowing

cistern

the

hhds.

24"

"5

24"

"3

100"

"8

47"

Required
the

the

"141

Ans.

of

nnmber^

in
gallons contained
being 8 feet and the depth

diameter

lar
circu-

4 feet

Ans.
5.
cular
lar

Required
cistern

the

of 12

number
feet

of

gallons

diameter

an(}

contained

9 feet

in

Required

the

number

ctilkr ciBterti, the radiaa

of

being

gallons

in

depth

feet

cdtitainecl

and

h^ght
KxA,

1504.

Ans.
6.

to

-,-5

I 32

cistern,

circular

gallons 1

"3

4.

in

cir-

?
7614.

in

cir-

10

feet ?
\^Q40,

149

MSlttC"A"IO]f.

Ni"TE.

An

ale
wine

gallon contaliis
gallon

Abasbel
A

The

cubic

ale

galkm

To
Rule.
the

once
sum

wine

of

60

40

right
the

the

What

JM

the

the

then

gallon

of

of

head

the

as

the

place

58

to

nearly.

71

cask.

bulge

diameter,

of

1728

add

diameter

and

place

this

line, together with

the

beer

for

1Q77

for

882

or

side.^

of

content

head

in wine

2150
-

contents

side

hand

left hand

inches, the

wine

square

the

231

the

inches.

is to

cask,

is the

inches,

foot

of

square

on

1.

twice

the

on

length

is

To

cubic

282

cask

diameter

measure

30

whose

bulge

inches, and

diameter
the

lengtl%

"882
147

_294

I 41000=278^

147

^.

What

4s

the

bulge diameter
and
length 90

is

galls. Ans.
of a cask
in beer
content
gallon whose
50 inches, the bead
diameter
SOinchef,

inches

[Solution, next

page.]

150

fIBNVUilATION.

50
d6

50
**"

36

2500
216

108

1296

1296

6296
1077

30

90"

359

ike

Tojfmd
*'

emtents

'

Rule,
hand

282

or

of a Jlgure that has

sides paredieh
(Opposite

six

sides, and

the

and depth on
the right
length, breadth
els,
of the line, then
place on the left 2150 for bushfor ale gallons,or 231 for wine
gallons,or 1728

Place

side

galls.Ans.

I 188880=526^

359

the

for solid feet.

EXAMPLB"

1.

the

How

bushels
many
following dimensions

and

25

inches

wide

will

of wheat
;

inches

86

box

long, 71

contain

inches

of

deep,

%
86"2150

"86

71
25-

j
2.

How

dihiensions
22

inches

bushels

many

contain

wide

; 645

of

71

bushels,
will

com

box

Ans.

of the following

long, 55 inches deep,

inches

1
645"

"2

"2150
^

55"

11

22"

11

^^\"x%^i,

ki".

and

15"

tfmgvtumm^
EXAMPLES.

What

1.

keel

id

the

of

tonage

feet, depth of hold

250

ship, length

merchant

feet, and

11

of

of beam

breadth

feet?

19

50

250"
"95

-5

lo-

ll
I

550

tons,

Ans.

Iceel 275

of a merchant
ship,length of
tonage
hold
12
feet 8 inches, breadth
of
feet, depth of

beam

feet?

mthe

IS; What

27

"19

"95

275"
3

"

38"

27"

I
What

3.

is th,e tonage

feet, breadth

260

of

990

of

beam

55

ship

Ans.

tons

of war,

length

of keel

feet, depth of hold

25

twelve

feet?
.

260
25"

"100

"4

12"

I
4,' The
^

as

follows

of the
cubit

hold

22

inches

29188,+aB
27729,+"

jSfidthe

Rule.'

light
inferior
band

of

area

Tls-ce

hand

side

to

that

side.

Ans.

Ans.

To

tons,

ark, (Gen, vi. 15,) were

proportions of Noah*s
50 cubits, and depth
cubits, breadth
: length 300
30
cubits.
Require its burthen, allowing the

be

to

780

the

merchant

ship of

ship.

war.

a
rhomhus,
rectangle^
parallelogram.

square,

base

of the
in

a
"

which

and

perpendicularheighth

line, and
we

wUVv

the
oMt

denomination
^xisyiot

otk

on

or

the
next

\ii^ lett

153

mnm.

1.

the

Kequired

of

area

of land

piece

afM|aare

80

rocb

4B0

rods

square.
I 80"

80"

"160

"2

I
2,

Required

the

40

of

area

40

acreSy

piece of

Bquare

Ajis.

land

square.

j 480
I 480"

"160

I
8.

Required

squaare,

at

value

tlfe

$12,10

1440

of

Ans.

acreSy

piece

of

land

6^

rodi

from

New

acre.

per

"11

72"

18

"11

72"

18

"160

12,1"

0"

I $3,24,

Ans.

aillelograin,
rods, and

is 480

width

96

rods.

j 480"
"160

1 96
I

5.

York

Required the number

to Philadelphia, the

average

width

283

of

acres

distance

acres,

Ans,

in the

road

being

96

aevQft,

KtAi

miles, and the

4 rods.
96
8
40"

"160

I 4I
lfl"

76B

154

mSNAlfRATtOIlk

6. How

'

in

acres

many

piece of

square

land
Ans.

rods?

is 32

the

Required

7.

is 15

side

chains

How

8.

of

area

piece

square

stand

can

men

of

spape

of

on

Ans.
A

9.

purchased

gentleman
at

square,

dollars

48

in

How

many
whose

in

acres

is 95

base

field

Ans.
of

Required the area

wl^^^il^ase i^
)fj.i"gr|ttll,
12.

field

23

in the

dollars.

whose

2 rods.

of

lelogram,
paral-

rods

40

o"

form

paral-

"ihaans.

ten

Ans.

roods.

acres

".'""

base

acres

ahitlide

cbainAiand

35

3000

altitude

and

rods^

of

allowing

form

in the

men.

cost

of a parallelogram,
Required the area
12
Ans.
eighty rods and altitude 25 rods.

11.

form

10.
is

acres,

land, each

the

Ans4

cliains.

tlie.side!tf" \)9 26

22

24,2

the

Required

acre.

per

farm

whose

feet, squsye

acres,

l^nd

of

acres

side

6|

Ans.

many

occupying

man

whose

35fteires"

"

Four

13.

the

parallelogram,
rods, and

90

purchased

gentlemen

thereof

base

divided

it

farm

rods

320

was

equallV.

in the

Required

and

feet

square
length is 36

whose

45

rectangle, whose

theye in

axe

feet and

Required

base

is 88

rods, and

How

17.

of

area

rectangular

Required

irbds, and

breadth

How

19.

rhombus,

many

breadth

of

area

breadtff

acres

base

is

in

Required

length

is twenty

farm

area

feet, and

of

one

iZeouuied

the

area

eight hundred

rods, and

of

roods..

90

acres.

whose

foot foui; inches.

2^^

feet.

base
parallelogram whose
"Svxxi^xe^
xo^^.
altitude "(wlt
a

of

breadth

and

Ans.
21.

is 7d

form

rectangular board,

breiidth

acres.

in the

Ans.

the

base

IS acres

forty-fivechains,

20.

100

whose

Ans.
there

are

feet.

30

chains

twenty

rhombus,

forty rods.

whose

chains

twenty

the

rectangular farm, whose

Ans.
22
acres.
forty rods.
in
there
a
rectangular faiin,
Ans.

18.

feet.

21

are
acres
many
is fifty
t:hains^ and

base

whose

the

is 28

base

Ans.
16.

of

acres.

tf^n inches

breadth

altitude

Ans.

TCi^if

board,

of

area

^ inches.

breadth

How

15*

.,:

the

of

portion

Ans.

14.

feet

and

the

Required

each.

form

is

]j64

UMSimJtLAVlOMi^

'

"

"

"

ToJM
place

Ruf^,
the

on

left h^nd

half the

line, and

the

corresponding with

the

the

of the base

length

denominatioa
the

on

answer

side^.

Note.

base

sapae

and

of

side
that

to

of a triangle.

area

altitude

the

right hand

inferior

next

the

triangleis equal
and

half

to

parallelogram pf thf^

altitude,therefore the

truth

of

this

rule

ib

eyldentr
EXAMPLES.

1.

Required

the

of

area

triangle,the

base

b^ing sixty

rods

and

fortyrods.

altitude

30"
40"

160

Required

hundred

the

of

area

rods, and

acres/ And..

I 15=7^

2.

15

triangle, the
eighty rods.

altitude

being

base

six

300"
"8

leo

"

150

80"

'

of
Required the area
ninety-eight rods, and altitude
3.

150

^eres*

Ans"

triangle, the
if rods.

base-^jei^

49"7
"7

432"

16

I 189=18^

10

4.

Requited

rods,

the

area

of

triangle,whose

Ans.
5.

rods,
6.

cost

many

and

thereof

base

16

acres

in

acres,

oiaaid

480

farm

is nitfety

roods,

rods, and
at

base

20

rods.
is

120^
*

acres,

2 roods.

triangular farm, the base

altitude 120 rods. Re"\iiiredORA

gentleman purchased
was

Ans.

"

triangle, whose
altitude eighty-four rods fAns. 31

How

acres,

sixty rods,

altitude

and

*.

2i

"

fiftydollars pet

^cxe,

K.m.^^^^

166

vmsmmAnoK,

Required tbe

7.

side

the

$6720,

Ans.
of

area

chains, and

id twelve

triangular farm, tbe base

altitude
thirtychains, at sixtya

acre.

per

Required

8.

of

chains, and

being seventy
four, dollars

value

trianglewhose
equilateral
perpendicularten chains.
an

Ans.
9.

the

Required

base

Ans.

J
10.

base

the

Required
fortychains,

of

area

is

an

11.

is

acres.

triangle,whose

isosceles

chains.
thirty-five

altitude

and

35

Ans.
'

acres.

right-angledtrianglewhose
perpendiculareighty rods.

area

rods, and

is 140

of

70

acres.

triangle whose

scalene
"Required the area
a
ninety-fourrods, and perpendicular sixty rods.
of

base

2 roods, 20 rods.
ySf acres,
-purchased a farm in the form of a

Ans.

12.

Eight gentlemen
right-aneled triangle,the base
^

perpeucEcular

140

divided

and

rods,

thereof

the share of each.

Jh
Rult.
hand

ft"

Place

side of

woody bark and

measure

the

128

on

coaL

and

width

the

left,or

length, heighth
line, and

the

being 480 rods, and

it equally. Required
Ans,
26^ acres.

the

on

"

"

righ^
4

on

left.

Note.

128

inches

maJce

cubic

inches

cubic
the

feet

of

bushel

make

the

make

cord,

coal

or

and

2688

lime, "c., and

cubic

26S|

dry gallon.
EXAMPLES.

1.

How

many

eight feet high,

cords
and

of wood

in

four feet wide

12"

load

twelve

?
3

8"

"8

4"
Vi.

COT""f

kxiB,

feet

long,

16T

IffiBMaUftAStON.

How

2.

eight

inches

long, five

wide

inches

six

cords

many

of wood
feet four

l"fia:kin

or

high, and

inches

teit

feet

four

feet

of charcoal
bushels
in a load twelve
feet
many
eight feet high, and four feet wide, allowing 100

How

3.

Ipng,
bushels

to

the cord

?
3

12"

.,"8

8"
"4

4"

"4

100

j
Note.

bushel,
foot

load

that

Since

there

bearing

the

load

of your
width, and nine
fourteen

on

all

reduce

the

the

proportion

be
on

left

to

in

heaped

hand

side

dimensions

to

for

numbers
by 2688, or the
being multiplddtogether give 2688.

side

of the

bushels

"

sions
dimen-

length, heighth,

the

inches,

figures and

in

inches

nine, therefore, if the

right

hand

in

cubic

the

to

feet, place

the

inches

cubic

26^88

are

does

fourteen

bushels, Ans.

300

you
36

but

must
"

line, and

"

if

you

divide

3, which

EXAMPLES.

4.

inches

How

many

long, five

bushels
feet four

of

coal

inches

in

load

high, four

ten

feet

eight

feet six inches

wide?

"3

32

"3

16"

"2

9"

"14

8-

\ 1152=\^4^\"\w5^ft\%,Kx.%.

158

MCKsinumoir.

The

5i

redlioed

same

inelieft.

to

128

_8

"16

_2

64"

8-

54"

7
"3

To Jind the
Place

Rule,

7854,

hand
to

and

side

that

the

^
of

the

the

the

of

to

globe,

the

denomination

the

the

diameter,

of

diameter

line, and

corresponding

as

before.

solidityof a globe.

square

of

Ans.,

I 1152==164f

answer

the

on

the
on

next

decima],
the

right

inferior

left.

EXAMPLES.

Required the solidityof

thirty-sixinches.
1.

globe,

its diameter

being

36"

18

30^
"2

"48

,7854

.1728

4"
6"

I 14,1372
2.

four

Required

the

solidityof

feet, Ans;

globe,

its diameter

being

feet.

"3

48"

"12

48"

"12

,7854"

"12

4"

2613

I
3.

Required

being

89000

the

33,5104

solidity of

miles.

the

Ang,

feet,

Ans.

ter
planet Jupiter, its diame369121768400000

miles.

160

M"|f91"i^iOK.

the

Required
Bemi-diameter)
5.

of

area

being eighty

Four

which

the

sixty

Ans.

of

and

diameter

the

circumference

side

to

the

Required
being 8 inches

tlie diameter

1.

"6

the

globe,

and

and

the

the

number

the

of

circumference

globe,

24

inches.

J 24"

"144

superficiat

and

side.

left hand

the

superficial area

and

the

on

1 J feet

"

of

Ans.

ference
circum-

globe,, the

diameter

thirty inches.
Ans.

Required
being. 144 inches

it at

drcun^erence

inferior

on

the superficial area

Required
and
being ninety-six inches

3.

quired
Re-

$471*24.

diameter

next

answer

'

the

being given.

line^

of the

corresponding

Proposition

2.

rods.

26

circular
farm,
purchased
a
forty rods, and paid equally.
each
paid, allowing they bought

superficial area

Place.

right hand
that

Voods,

acres^

acre.

per

tJie

Rule.

to

was

amount

dollars

Jmd

To

125

gentlemen

of

radius

(or

rods.

Ans.
6.

radiud

tke

farm,

cireulat

of

area

circumference

globe

the

feet,

20

diameter

inches.

452

452feet^

Ans.

of a ball, the
diameter
Required the superficial area
and
oircuraferen^
1 12 inches.
being thirty-sixinches
4.

Ans.
5.

Supposing

miles

and

How

many

the

the

earth's

diameter

circumference

square

miles

thousand

twenty.five
would

there

eight thousand

be

to

be

surface

Required
of

miles

the

Jupiter,
and

the

number
the

of
diameter

circumference

square

miles

on

miles

Ans,

face'?
sur-

200000000.

being eighty
280000

miles.

its whole

on

Ans.
6.

feet.

28

the
-nine

whole
sand
thou-

24920000000.

161

MENSURATION.

"To

and

number
on

the

Place

Rule.
*78o4

afea
supejrfieial

ihe

Jmd

side

left hafid

the

that

to

of the

diameter

diameter,

side

of

the

the

being

decimal

line, and

corresponding

the

to

the

answer

line.

Proposition 1. Required
the

the

right hand

inferior

next

of

square

the

on

of a gfche, t^e diameter

given.

of

superficialarea

the

globe,

thirty-sixinches,

being

36"
"144

"4

36

"7854

28.2744

square.

of

area
Required the superficial
Ans.
being 144 inches.
the superficial area
3. Required
miles.
being eight thousand

2.

ter
globe, the diame-

452*3904

of the

Ans.

To
ROle.
on

find, the

right

the

hand

number
left hand

Prop.

to

height

2.

1.

Required
of

of altitude

The

feet, and

that

of

corresponding

miles.

S01062400

right cone.

base

line, and

the

ter
diame-

its

and

the

to

and

altitude

the

next

answer,

on

ferior
inthe

side.

circumference

the

side

earth,

of the

circumference

the

Place

surfaceof

convex

feet.

square

24

the

heieht

right cone,

inches, and

base

is 72

"2

72"

"12

24"

12

72

feet Ans.

whose

slant

feet.

of

circumference
slant

of

surface

convex

20

the

base

of

feet, xequlToA

\X"

right cone
cwvn^^

is 8
wxd'?^'^^*

MEltSURATIOW.

168

tlie

Required

3.

right

inches, and

is 96

base

of whose

circumference

of

surface

convex

slant

height

feet

36

is
right cone
required the convex

of

diameter

The

4.

slant
Ans.

feet.

48

Required
diameter
being

surface

the

conv^ex

14

feet,

and

slant

The

slant

diameter

of

right

height

height

feet

20

is
right cone
required the convex

of
;

Tlie

slant

of

circumference

height

18-25

is the

what

the

find

the

Rule.
and

and

Place

the

the

slant
the

slant

left hand

of the

20

surface

the

?
98-09375.

right

cone.

the

side.

surface

convex

of the

end

lesser

feet,

10

of the

end

greater

and

the

of

frustrum

length

being
of

the

feet.
"2

40
20"

10

feet, Ans.

400

2.

and

10-75,

frustrum of

circumference

the

cone,

side

on

Required

1.

feet.

141-372

perimeters of the two ends,

side of the line, and
the right hand
inferior
to that
corresponding to

next

the

the

surface.

convex

the

and

of the

sum

height
on

feet, that

3D

the

number

answer

Prop.
right

surface of

convex

feet.

feet,

Ans.

To

its

cone,

1319-472

is

base

feet.

feet.

GO

Ans.
7.

the

98-9604

Ans.
6.

feet.

surface.
Ans.

5.

height

192

inches, and

21

the

cone,

Required

the

surface

convex

of

the

frustrum

of

right cone,

the

feet, that

of the

slant side

40

3.
cone

If

whose

its base
trvLtn

circumference
lesser

end

of the
20

feet, and

slant

twenty

the

Ans.

of twelve

height

feet.

feet

is 60

What

slant

height

feet, and
is the

60

being
length of the

greater

feet.

segment

end

be

1600
cut

circumference

surface

of
Kx",

the
5T6

feet.

off

of
frusfeet.

16S

MBMVURATIdN.

right
that

tbe

Required

4.

the

diameter

lesser

end

cone,

of

slant

the

side

To

number
On

left

end

greater
and

feet,

seven

solidity of

the

the

the

on

inferior

of

the

feet.

728,8512

pyramid,
decimal

the
and

side,

corresponding

to

and

the

the

answer

side.

hand

Prop. 1. Required
inches
being twenty
twenty-four

feet,

22

length

diameter,

hand

of

being

the

or

cone

the

light

that

to

of

square

altitude

next

the

the

frustrum

the

Ans.

find

Place
and

'7854,

of

feet.

16

Rule.

of

surface

convex

solidity

the

altitude

and

of

diameter

the

cone,

height

perpendicular

or

feet.

I 20

_144

"e

I 20

1309

.7854"
24"

feet.

17,4533

2.

Required

diameter

sixty
3.

the

being

solidity

twelve

of

feet,

Ans.

diameter

of

church

feet

height twenty-four

feet.

Ans.
4.

Required

its diameter

the

being

solidity
9

of

conical

altitude

fee(, and

Ans.
5.

of

$12

feet,

Required
50

and

per

the

foot,

value
the

perpendicular

of

diameter

conical
of

and

feet

its

its

Required

feet.

marble,

of

twenty-four

feet.

508,9392

cubic

marble

monument

whose

height thiity-six

base

pendicular
per-

solidity.

2513,28

block

is

feet.

twelve

feet.
Ans.

the

height

cubic

2261,952

is twenty

cone

spire,

perpendicular

and

feet.
The

conical

$16964,64

164

MECHiiNlCAt'

OPBRiLTIONS.

OPERATIONS.

MECHANICAL

The

two

weight

what

is

will

of the

equiponderate.
which

to

arm

the

x"n

power
length of the

the

being given^ tofini,

the power

power

the

applied,and

line, and

that

length

the

Place

Rule,

lever and

of a

arms

right

other

arm

hand

the

side

left liand

the

on

power
of the

side.
1.

There

is

into

two

arms,

Prop.
fulcrum

other

weight
the

at

feet in

ten
on

of

one

when

arm

of l^he

extremity

long

feet

four

other

of

arms

I 20"

the

How

3.

tremity

The

the

short

of the other

of

arms

pounds,

the

one

lever and

of nine

the

the

in

length

of
at

lbs.

1200

lbs.

lever, support

feet

two

arm

Ans.

power
of

Ans.

thirtyfeet and
weight will a power
the long arm
balance

arm
a

equiponderating
pounds is suspended

240

are,

lbs. will
many
from the fulcrum

feet

teen

lever

feet, the

inlength. What
the extremity of

pounds at
extremity of

160

the

the

120

I
The

hy

arm.

"10

2.

divided

is twenty

which

Required

length*

short

the

thirtyfeet long

lever

placed
at

the

ex*

67-}.

Ans.

iif*

weight deing givenyto findihs

power*

RtTLE.

Place

weight
it is suspended
which
on
and the length of the other

,arm

Prop.

1. A

weight

of

lever

six

extremity
the

the

same

of

inches

of the other

arm

[Solution,

next

page.]

and
the
arm

twenty

the

length

right hand
on

is

tons

What
in

the

side of

left hand

the

length.
fortyfeet

in

of

to

arm

line,

the
side.

suspended

to

an

the

weight
length will balance
at

1...2
"2

165

OPEBATIONS.

MEiSHAmCAL

"12

30"

"40

20"

It)"

Abs.

cwt.

6"

2.
to

an

at

the

of

arm

of

the

the

other

is

pounds
length.

in

eight feet

lever

extremity

will balance

hundred

of fourteen

weight

"*

suspended
What
weight
feet in length

fourteen

arm

Ans.

same?

of

fi^ur hundred

is

suspended to an
of a lever ten
inches in length. Required the weight
arm
in length that
five feet
at the
extremity of the other arm
the same.
will balance
Ans.
6"| tons*
is
lbs.
of a
of
4. A
7200
to
an
suspended
arm
weight
lever
three feet in length. What
weight at the extremity
nine
the same
o" the other arm
feet in length vdil balance
?
Ans.
1^ tons.
3.

weight

SOOlbs.

tons

"

The

diameter

of the wheel,

being given,

power
Place

Rule,

applied
of

that

of

If the

1.

of the
side

diameter

wheel

the

hand

six

the

find

to

of the axle
weight.
and

wheel

and

the
the

line, and

of the

the left hand

on

will sixteen

axle

diameter

right

axle

the

Prop.

the

the

on

diameter

ike

the

power
diameter

side.

of

the

axle

feet^ what

lbs., attached

weight

attached

and
to

the

wheels balance?

the

to

six inches

be

6"
"6

12
16

I
If the

2.

of the
axle

axle be

eight

twenty-four feet, what

wheel
will

of the

diameter

lbs. Ans.

192

lbs.

144

attached

to

the

weight

attached

balance

wheel

Ans.
"

3.

If
a"

that

axle

the

will

diameter

axle, fonr

the

twelve

wheel

of the

cwt.

be

inches, what
attached

to

that

tatTie

2^

tons.

thirty-sixfeet

weight
the

and

inches

attached

wheel

balance

to

and
the

64|^ tons.
be
to
fortywhat
weight

Ans.
the

Supposing
eight feet and
4.

attached
the

wheel

to

the

of

diameter

that

of ,the axle

axle

would

balance

one

the
ten

wheel

inches,

laui^Av^^Xoxi^ ^\X".Oc^^va
K.\i"..V\"b^

V-ws.-

cm"l

axle

hundred

attached

toqs

attached
the

to

Ans.

Place

side

right h"nd

wheel

Prop.
the

If

1.

the
of

diameter

balance

of 2880

and^the

that

of

of 360

If

4.

axle

I 6"

-.-12

1 360--

30"

be

axle

feet, what

of the

forty

the

inches,

balance

will

hngihp

eight feet,

what

height of

the

Place

rig^t
height on
Prop.

what

will

power

be

axle

nine

hand
the

the

power

side
left hand

If the

of

the

and
the

and

120

lbs.

feet

and

11^
and

balance

Ans.

cwt.

that

weight
3^ tons.

being giten,

ptnoer

to

weight.

the

of

lengdt

line, and

the

the

plane on
perpendieiliar

side.

length of an inclined
feet
and
the perpendicular
height four
of thirty-two pounds
1
sustain
power
[Solution, next
page.]
1.

vMight

balance

inches

will

power

plane

determine

the

twentylfour

tons

Rule,

be

that

and

Ans.
the

will

lbs. Ans.

ei^ht inches

power

wheel

of

and

inches
power

15

tons

diameter

wheel

of 1 44

of the

four

axle

oo

the

"12

the

six

be

feet, what

twelve

lbs.

of

diameter

of

of

Ans.

the

weight

weight

diameter

the

lbs.?

If the

3.

of the

wheel

the

sixteen

ef the wheel

the

tons.

side.

diameter

If the

and

axTe

line, and

the

"2

2"

of the

diameter

weight

of

left hand

the

on

diameter

the

wheel

2000

diameter

Rule.

The

weight

of the axle,
of the wheel, the diameter
weight being given, tojmd the power.

The

what

inches,

sixty feet

be

to

balance

the

wheel

of the

twelve

four

would

axle

the

to

of the

that

diameter

the

Supposing

5.

plane

be

feet, what

sixteen
will

166

HEN8URAT1"N.

will balantse
power
inclined
plane, the

What

4,
cwt.

on

an

six feet, and

hundred

one

length of
perpendicular height

the

and

forty-four
is ninety-

which

feet

nine

Ans.
What

5.

of the head,

thickness

right hand

liead

Proposition
the

thickness

pounds^

64

and

of the

of the

and

wedge

line, and

of

length

head

will

what

24

cwt.

the

on

power
thickness
of

the

the

side.

If the

1.

forty

the side.

on

the

left hand

the

on

of

side

clined
in-

an

length of the side and the power

of the wedge being given, to deter^

length

the

Place

Ride,

cwt.

the

head
ike
acting upon
mine
the force produced

the

on

is two
hundred
length of which
Ans.
perpendicular height eight feet?

feet and

'

thirty-sixtons

balance

the

plane,

The

will

power

13J

be

be

wedge

inches, and

the resistance

the
at

inches,

12

force

applied

side 1

the

12"4

"3

64

If the

2.

of

of

length

the

wedge

four

head

Ans.

pounds,

256

'

be

inches, and

force

the

applied

and

iMindred
at

side

the

forty -four pounds, what

will

be

ness
thick-

the

inches,

twenty

the

one

resistance

A,ns. 6^ evfh
thirty-sixinches,' the
.

3.

If the

of the

thickness
nine

hundred
side

the
4.

length

length

of the

resistance

at

If the

tans,

six

inches,

and
will be

what

the

the

what

force

of

head

head

will

be

five
the

tons.

be

wedge

pounds,

side 1

length of

.2^

at

forty-eightinches, the
eighthinches, and the fovce applied
a

eighjthundred
the

applied

resistance

the

Ans.

If the

of

head

be

wedge

sixty pounds,

thousand

5.

Sickness
ten

of

what
Ans.

wedge

be

inches, and
resistance

will

be

2S^f

the
tons.

ness
sixty inches, the thickthe force
applied eight
side
the
at
1^
"

!l%0ieng^ "f $k"mi^

TttistoMce
-"

the

Place

of

ness

thousand

twenty

inches, and

twenty
what

force

is

resistance

required
sides

the

at

thickness
side

the

what

resistance

thickness
be

head

the

of

applied to

th^

counteract

to

and

thousand

six
the

upon

Ans.

the

'

head,

side

the

alluwanc^

no

the

inches, what

fpur

force

resistance

the

counteract

1600

wedge be
twenty-four inches,

wedge

at

is
the

If the

and

of the

thickne9s

twenty-four

side

inches,

six

head

what

tons,

and

the

be

must

the

required
sides^ 1
2

tons.

forty eight inches,

be

wedge

of the

length

lbs.

twelve

Ans.
4.

at

pounds,

Ans.
of

the

resistance

hundred

]
at

of the

length

inches,

thirty-two inches,

inches,

force

the

the

three

pounds,
be

wedge

two

for friction

made

the

tons,

bead

be

If the

3.

the

twenty-five

be

must

being

to

length of

of the

wedge
wedge

000

20"

3000

If the

of

"20

.2.

the

side.

of

head

the

applied

be

to

line, and

side

length

ttlick-

the

left hand

atfhe

of

thickness

the

of the

the

the

pounds,

and

side

side

resistance

the

being givett^to Jmi

the

at

right hand
the wedge
on

If

ike

head.

the

of

1.

W^xISaK

resistance

on

Proposition

of

head^ and

the

cf

OMcnet^

the

upen

side

of the

side

the

head

the

length

be

the

vfom

Jbrce acting

Rule.

ike

resistance

tlie force

at

the
the
the

upon

'

Ans.

head]

The
the

the

between

distance

and

lever

power

of a Screw,
ajppliedbeing given,

threads

the
to

tons.

length cf
find the

loeight.
Rule,

by

one

Place

circumference

the

revolution

the

right hand

the

threads

of

side

of the

of

screw

the. lever

of
and

line, and

the
on

16

the

the

the
the

described

circle

power

applied

distance

left Yi^ndL vid^^.

betwe^iL

on

170

wmBuxiMAivum*

Proposition

of

tbread"

If the

1.

be

serew

iliclies

two

in
length, and
a
fhirty-fiveInches
end
of the
lever
of sixty pounds be applied to the
power
'wbj^ weight will be required to produce an equilibrium 1
lever

the

aBttnckr^

220

"

ao

60"

pounds,

6600

four

tons

will be

of

threads

the

Should

lever

the

be

screw

three

inches

apart,

inclies

twenty-eight
be applied to the
required to produce

be

screw

in

2^ inches

of the

end

and

length,

Should

four

tons

^ill be

of

being given,

screw

an

lever and

the

the

to

4^^
length, and

in
of

the

find

the

281f

inches
a

tons.
der,
asun-

power

of

lever, what

weight

1 Ans.

4^cwt.

equilibrium

distance

weight

be

screw

end

applied to tho
required to produce
be

weight of

The

inches

thirteen

lever

tbe

of

threads

the

of

power

lever, what

equilibrium

an

asunder,

Ans,
4.

the

length, and a power

eighty pounds be
of
the
end
the
lever, what
weight will be
Ans,
an
produce
equilibrium 1
4106f lbs.

applied to
required to
3.

in

24^ inches

lever

of

threads

If the

2.

Ans.

between

jpower

the

threads

requisiteto

pro*

duct

equilibrium,

an

of the

threads

screw

circumference

the

of the

lever,

Proposition
of

given weight and distance between

the
the right hand
side of the line, and
on
of the circle, described
tion
revoluby one

the

Place

Rule,

upon

lever
a

screw

S6^j

1.

the

on

How

pounds
length Will

in

threads

are

20
"2

side.

many

inches

whose

left hand

"224

H2"
12^

two

applied
balance
inches

pounds, Ans.

to

the

twenty
asunder?

end
tons

to

tWiendnbT

balance

fifteen

"ppKe^
teaxyj f"oaiicEer

i^vHdw

iii length will

inches

thirty Hve

threads

whose

inches

l^yid):

"
tons

upon

3^-^cwt.
pounds reqtiisitWto pi^oduce
of
whi"86
wn
e(|Ufliibrktfii tweiity-fdur totis- iipon a siii ew
threads
levermre
twenty-^ight
12^ inchest asund^i^y and
screw

i.

-^

fi^qtrii^dth^

2^

are

nnmWr

"

apart

Ans,

of

"

AnsioA-dtvti

inches.'
4.

tbreaAs

The

length of.
of poimds

the

lever

asunder,;

inches

two

are

screw

equilibriam, 1^

produce an
being seventy-two

th^

number

inches, required the

seventy

'to

the; lever

to

of

weight applied

Ans.'6^t6n8.

tons,

"
"

To

the

ascertain

Rule,

the

Place

diameter,

and

diiittlar Hue,

1 65

and

aimospkeric pressure
of

square,

right hand
1^ hand

the

on

^e

14o"i

of

number

the

side

in the

inches

of

side.

cylinder.

upon

the

perpen*

:-""'.'.

Prop.. 1. Required the atmospheric pressure

dia"ti6ter is twenty-eight incihes^
cylinder whoso

upon
.^

^.14

28-*-

"28

28"

Required
engine

2ii
.

steam

the

atmospheric

Ans.

The

3.

diameter

the. atmospheric
4.
tt

Required

common

of

cylinder

is

16

the

atmospheiie

";ylindricalvessel

wfause^iameter

Required

Ans.
6.

The

diameter

the
7.

The

iac^s.

of

Required

of

the

15

upon

pressure

inches.

577^ lbs.
pistoo of

cylindrical

atmospheric
Ans.

qrs.

14

piston. 20f

vessel

fx^"9XE^
W
c^toua

is

lbs.
quired
Re-

inches.

is 14

its

of

inches.
2

cwt.

cylindrical vessel

atmospheric
diameter

tons

lbs.

piston

pressure
upon
is seventy

25

cwL

64

Ans.
^

of

Required

upon
is seven

pressure
of which

diiuneter

the

pump^

10

Ans.

atmospheric

-^

piston

tons

inches.

2J

pressure.

the

Aasi

cwt.

a
upon
pressure
is fifty-six
inches.

diameter

whose

82j

166-^

8"4

2"

cwt.

thirty-^ight

oxl\\a

:^\s3wSx-

ib.'i""'"J*'
of

Its

jbnd

W"

ik6nmnbtr

Ride*
lom

Plaee

the

the bottom

by 2, the number

increaBed

row

in

the

bot-

of balb. contained,

1" ""d

by

afimmhiAtfkmgU'

in

contained

Mis

ef

number

increased

row

catOaiHed

ofhoiU

the

in

of ballf

manbiHr

contained

in the

bottom

p0rpendicular line, and

the

row

on

6 ^n

the

right hand

left hand

finiBhed

of
Reqnired the number
triangular pile, the bottom

eight on

Prop.

1.

side

of Um

contained

in*

aide*

balb

cf

ecmaiating

row

aide.
10
"2

9"

--6

8-4

Ans.

120

Required the
triangular pile,the
2.

of balls 'contaiued

number
bottom

in

consistingof thirty on

row

aide.

Ans.
How

balls are
many
lar pile, each
side of whose
3.

finished

contained
base

in

contains

finished

4960.

triangiiballs

twenty

Ans.
4.

Required

the

of balls contained

number

triangularpile,the

bottom

row

in

Rule,
^

aide

finished

Ans,

Ttfjlnd tkt number

of

Place
the

contained

ofhaiU contained

twice

the

number

increased
square
in the side of the

in

ajmisked

sfuare

the

number

on

9920.

fSe*
in the

of balls contained

by 1,

1540.

consisting of sixty

aide.

of

balls

increaeed
by 1, and the
square
number
of balls contained
in the side of the
the
on
aquare
side of the perpendicular line, and
6 on
the left
right hand
hand

side.

Prop.

of balls contained
Required the number
finished square
pile containing twelye in each side.
1.

[Solution,next

page.]

in

Required

2.

S|juare

the

pile,the

of balls

number

lower

tier

contained

in

containing thirtyin

iinisbed

each.

hisS.

Ans.
3.

square

in a
of balls contained
Required the numb^
pile, each side containing twenty balls.

finished

2870.

Ans.
4.
.,

square

of balls contained
in a finished
Required the number
pUe, each side containing twenty-'threeballs.

"^"^

7b

Ae

a$eertam

msmber

of

balls cotUained

in

ajinu3ui

rte-

ianguiar pile.
Rtde.

add

To

twice

the number

the

product of
multiplied by 3, and
of

number

number

the

right hand

the

the top
by
together with

by !"
of

by 1"

1 in

sum,

side

increased

courses

less

the

place
increased

courses

on

courses

of

the

and

row

the

of

number

the

line, and

the

on

left haiid j^ide.

Propoaitioii 1.
icfctaogular

is

thirty
-one,

The

of

number

in

courses

in
and the nu"ber
pi}e is thirty,
contained
required the number

finished

the
in

top
the

row

pile.

151
"

"

31
30...

23405

2.

The

is twenty,

number
and

four, required

of

courses

the number
the

number

in

balls, Ans.
finished

rectangular pile
is

io the

course
upper
ia said
contained

twenty-

pile.
Ans.

3.

The

number

of shot

In the upper

course

of

7,700.
finished

174

thirty,how

shot

many

natnber

the

reetangiilarpile ib forty-on^,ahd

in said

oontaioed

are

"yf courses,

pile.
Ans.

How

4.

shot

many

length of

the

bottom

in

finished

rectangular pile, the

and its breadth
heing fifty-nine

course

twentyl

""'"'"""

"'/ "'^'-'
''machinery:

'"

^iXicertmn

""

of revolutions

the number

28055.

'""

'

that

"

U060.

Ans.

:,

'"'."""

""

drum,*pu7Iepor

ipmdlewiU. fnake^ when connected $C!g"ther'bybdUor'*hukds

the vdocUy of-one
and diameter being givin*
Rule.

Place

the

right hand

on

of the

diameter

of the
velocity and diameter
side of the* perpendicular line,

the

driven

left hand

the

on

drivers
the

and

side of the

line

of two
drum
feet in diame^
Prop. 1, A belt connects
a
with
in a minute
of four
ter, making forty revolutions
one
inches in diameter.
Required the velocity of the smaller

I * "

revolutionsp^rmin.

240

'

How

ittany devolutions
diaineter
make, connected

2.

in

diameter

Wflra"pindie
to

otuiu

performing thirtyrevolutions

of

tti^o inches

^etiu

*i" three
'

per

drum

minute.

per
whose

of four feet in diameter

the

Required

velocityis

576

revolutions

widi
^4
geer
.on*

What

is the

of that drum,

diameter
minute.

per

of yarn

per
the following^eer,pujiies,
"o.

teeth f
on

fly

geer

lower

un

end

of

upper
wheel
shaft, 50

iuch^a^ diameter
26

twist

5 inches.

iachea;

of

diameter

teeth

twi0t
of

inch, spun
:

geeit^on

on

shaft .44' tedth

diameter

of

puJly,..,wheQAnm
twist pully, where

mule

front iroHer,

end. of tumbling shaft, 27

tumbling

540.

lutions
performs sixty revo-

Ans.
4.

'

knitttite;I'
Ans.

3.

Ans.

teethe)
;,

geear

fly wheel,
band
drum

36

nuss,

bands

176

silCIOt^

.^MME

T17
the

luid

figure in

subtract,

period.
Proof.
and

any,

the

to

process
the

Square

the

the

"g^^^^
and

in4;h6 dividend,

and

down

bring
root

multip]y

then

root;

for

the

divisor,

new

next

end.

adding in
equal the given

root,

will

result

and

ascertained

the

the

divisor

division,

in

as

(wldk

is contained

the

both

Double

repeat

Bftid^tisor

the

annexed)

trial thereto

eetthis

and

dften

how

remainder,

the

if

number.

EXAMPLE.

is the
square

What

of 30188,696025?

root

*30138*696025
(173,605

-11

27)

201

189

343)

1238

1029

3466)

20969

20796

347205)

1736025
1736025

ROOT.

CUBE
The
*

of

cube

number

multiplied by its square.

of the
extraction
The
number

"the

as,

number

Rule.

is the

"garesi each,

off the

and

given

iind the

of that

root

is the

into

its square,

numbers

into

cube

being multiplied
proposed.

Point

product

neareet

cube

finding

to

number

of

will

such

produce

periods

of

the first

period

three
;

tJi^wfeQin, and

it

aubtraet

ithen thrice

the square

finding the

for

Set

off

of this

left the

the

to

the

figure

this divisor

the

of the
will

sum

of the

root;

root,
be
then

be

the

is the

the

trial divisor,
will

sum

the

put

add

which

to

trial divisor

the
the

true

be

^visor

the

of

square

cube

root

true

the

for

finding the

is

sums

found,

as

125

n"

thrice
the
it

last
two

'divisor.
last

pc"riod

above,

two

205379(59

.1431

with

remove

the

of 205379

multiplied by |"75
159

trial divisor

figure ;

next

EXAMPLES.

1. What

quotient;

multiplythis by

root;

figure,and set this under

figuresto the right,and the
Under

will

root

mAe

root

figure.

next

little

peceding figure of

the

put the

next

before.

and

figure

crais

1Y8

Require

3.

the

to extract

507
3901
.

507,390

of 2205

19

places.
2205(13^,01575997906^^96270

cube

root

to

2197

,3901

ROOT.

"

5073901

,0001
'

2926099

507,7803

39,035

2539877375

;i95175

...

386221625

507,975475

355738604893^

25

508,

39,0457

30483020107

17075

25411364591375

2733199
....

"^"p"

"

""

508,

"

19800699

39,04715

""^"^^^i^i"

4574069"3963

40182
25

39,0,4,7,4,5,9

"""""

497589155110

22533947

508, 2272918275;

508,

^"

4574066360515

19523575
.

""""^""^"""^""

5071655515625
49

508,

"

2292441875
3514253

508,229595612,8

17 I 147

35576101403

4606069744
4574070209

31999535
30493801

508,229947038
35143

1505734
1016460

508,22998218,1
489274

508,23001732

457407

273
31867

508,2300200,5
508,2300228

30494

1373
4

5,0,8,2,3,0,0,2.3,2

1016

APPLICATION

1. A

OP

certain

tained

certain

how

manv

be

in

The

as

and

square

is contained

number

what

of

of

either

there

as

were

orchard, how

square

longest
of the

side

of

many

2t.

other

of the

difference
is

right angle,

of the

squares

others

19.

Ans.

way

the

the

men,

Ans.

in

each

square

cents

144.

charitable

pkmted

row

for

$3,61

gave

many

triangle is equal to the sum

sides, and consequently the
lungost

con

9409.

coTitaiuin^20736

men

there

were

be

Note.

of

gave

trees

there

must

are

Ans.

man

men

4. If 484

size,

same

number

each

purpose,

feet

square

certain

many

pavement

square

of its sides

one

exactly 8quare,^!)cl eacli

Atis.

all of the

'stones,

ROOT.

therein

2.

is made

feet, how

97

CUBE

AND

SQUARE

THE

pavement

of it contains

side

179

ROOT.

CUBE

two

of the

square
of the
square

the

maining
re-

one.

surrounded
a

ladder

top

of

wall

The

5.

by
be

reach

to

20

feet

from

the

in

is 19 feet

breadth,
of

outside

high, which

how

long

the

wall

of the

ditch

fortress

certain

ditch

must

the

to

26^ feet.

Ans.

of 36

yards long will exactly reach from

of a fort to the opposite bank
of a river, known
yards broad, the height ot the wall is required 1
line

6.

is

ihe

top
be 24

to

26,83 yds.
planted as to react
Ans.

Suppose

7.
a

window

feet

high

certain

resting

on

long
ground

the

moving
the

on

be

it

other

at

the

so

foot,

side,

the

of r2 feet, what

side

of

will

reach

was

the

one

on

what

Ans.

street

feet

60

from

without

and

23

8.

feet

37

street,

of the

ladder

tree

off 8 feet from

is broken

the

touches

stump
is the

length

of

the

part brokeh

9.

the
when

Two
other
one

ships sail
due
has

from

north,
sailed

what
100

the

port,

same

is the

miles

and

one

(iistance
the

distaxica
off?

Ans.

"

feet.

groiind^iand
the

at

dow
win-

breadth

102,61

the

ground

the

feet.

14,42

due

east

between

other

168

Ans,

1954+

and
them

miles

mUa%.
^v

480

iiaoT.

cmw

10.

feet

high

bird

standing

while

far did he

how

base,

shot

man

the top of a steeple SO

of 60 feet from its
distance

sittingon
the

at

Ans.

shoot

-feet.

100

playing with a kite, the line of which

the string was
all out, one
feet in length, when
520
was
the other
it and
Oif them
standing directlyunder
holding
312
them
between
what
feet,
the stringythe distance
was
Ans.
416 feet.
the perpendicular height of the kite"
was
l/a pipe whose
is 1^ inches fill a cistern
diameter
12.
in 5 hours, in what
time will a pipe of 3^ inches diameter
Ans.
1
fillthe same
54| minutes.
that shall be
12
feet
13. Suppose
to be dug
a cellar
in length, breadth
and depth, how
solid
many
every
way,
1
feet of earth must
be taken
out
to complete the same
Two

11.

boys

were

Ans.
4s. in

1728.

cloths, but

forgot
the
number
of pieces purchased, also how
yards
many
in
each
him
and
what
piece,
a
yard, but
were
they.cost
he remembers
that they cost
him
as
shillingsa yard
many
there
in
each
were
yar^
piece, and that there was just
.as
as
pieces. Query, the number
purchased ?
many
A

14.

laid

gentleman

6"691

out

24.

Ans.

What

15.

is the

side

of

cubical

mound

equal
feet deep ?

144

feet

long,

feet broad

108

and

24

Ans,
If

16.

weight

ball 6 inches

of another
What

17.

foot in

diameter,
1beworth$6?
18.

Suppose

large

that

as

would

be

be

if

the

of

globe

diameter

of the

of the earth, how

required

to

make

one

as

to

be

large

as

110

like

bodies

many

the

If

19.

$6, what
metal,

globe
is the

worth

of silver

inch

one

diameter

of

in

one

$10368.
times

of

as

earth

the

t
1331000.

be

diameter

another^ globe

^^*

^^

sun

Ans.
A,

is the

diameter,

inch

one

sun

feet.

silver

Ans.
the

72

A"^*

of the same,

globe

of

value

one,

8 lbs. what

weigh

diameter

inches

12

would

diameter

to

worth

the

same

$10368

?
.

To

extract

the

j^

Rule.

Reduce

the square

square

the fraction
root

of

the

of

root
to

tmlgar Jraclion,

its lowest

numerator

for

terms,
a

new

then
numera-

tract
ex-

181

P|IQBLEM".

tor, and

the

If the
be

never

of

fraction

the

denominator

(i.e.) a

surd

found,

exactly
root

of the

root

squeare

for

number

reduce

it

to

whose
a

new

nominator.
de-

root

can

and

decimal

tract
ex-

it.

from

PROBLEMS.

PROBLEM

When

the

find

to

ence"

will

be

given

with

their

differ-

add

sum

larger

half

c^erence,

the

From

number.

the

half

^ven

remainder

the

and

their

difference, and

the

be

will

number.

smaller

the

the

the

half

take

waukf

is

numbers

two

numbers.

thae

l!^ohalf

RcrtE.
-aum

of

sum

I.

EXAMPLE.

The
what

of two

sum

numbers

those

are

is 98, and

numbers

2)14
half

the

sum.

smaller

number.

the
of their

Rul'e.
of their
tho

sum

squares

Divide

numbers,

numbers

difierence.

the
and
then

to

the

by

is

and

of their

quotient

Problem

given,

the

ence
differ-

numbers.

find those

difference

number.

II.

numbers

of two

larger

56

PROBLEM

When

half their

49

42

14;

2)98
49

difference

their

squares
will be the

Ist

find

by

the

sum

difierence

those

numbers.

of

182

PROBLEMS.

EXAMPLB.

The

what

1200r"

squares

and

is 60,

of 2 numbenB

sum

of tbeir

numbers

those

are

diSerence

the

60)1200
:50 diff.of the

By Probleni
S)60 2)20

num.

10

80

is

the

end

shall

20

40

of

Ans.
In

Note;

this

length of

question

the

and

squall

numbers,

two

greater

num.

Btmapl
"

half,

pole 100 feet high ; how far from the ground

pole be cut off,and resting on the stump the
of the
reach
the ground 60 feet from the buttom

There
must

10

30

1st.

the

of 60

the

is the

pole

is the

32feet.
sum

of

difference

their squares.
PROBLEM

When

the

of their

of

half

of the

root

half

From

the

the

will

by

Problem

is

given,

with

the

3um

numbetB.

the

of

sum

of

sum

lomaiuder
then

numbers;

numbers

two

find those

in

squares

Rule.
square

of

sum

III.

the
be

squares

numbers,
half

Jet

the

subtract

and

the

difftjrence of

find tho^e

the

square
those

numbers.

EXAMPLE.

The

of

sum

2000

squares

2)2000

30

square

100

square

2)60
30

"

and

40

sum

of

ami

numbers

the

"

^half the

of squares,
of the
the sum
of remainder"

n'lmbers

the

numbers.

^-lOxhe difference
-"A

numbers,
sum

of the

add

"

of

squares,

root

of the

sum

fium

required^

10sub't.lO
20

the

9C0

numbers

those

are

of the

sum

half

1000

'of the

what

"

is 60,

numbers

two

required.

number,

Rule.
tbe

product

half

tlie square

From

the

square
of

difference

Problem

by

the

the

of

half

root

of

the

numbers

the

subtract

remainder

will

Numbers

numbers.

then

be

found

1st.

EXAMPLE.

The

of

product
is

What

12.

Product

is 20

numbers

two

numbers

the

are

half

the

jS
4

36

"

20

Remainder

is

base

and

10

16

which

is

the

numbers.

perpendicular

peipendicular

4,

root

square

right angled

bers
num-

sum,

"

There

of the

sum

of the

die

J)12

20"

difference

triangle
feet,

14

required.

whose
the

"

is

area

of

length

and

base

Ans.

feet,

24

and

8.

l^AOBLEliVt.
"

Tbe

given

numbers

To

Rule.
;

i^e

of

product

the

find

to

Then

numbers.

add

of

root

square

difference

the

of

the

numbers.

the

product

the

and

numbers

two

the

proceed

the

will

sum

as

of

square

be

Problem

half
the

the

ence
differof

sum

half

4th.

example..

The

of

the

product
numbers

"ef
4.

ttiimbers

two

What

are

is
the

32,

and

niimberst

the
32

Ans.

[Solution

on

next

page.]

difference

product,
8

and

4.

half

difierence,

the

product,

32

diffecence.

the

of

fM^uare

86(6

root,

36

square

of half

32

product,

4(2
6

the

the

the

souare

root,

of half

the

sum

8"4
A

half

square

numbenrrequired.

l3ie
^e

base

gin
60

and

mixed

thirty
of

gallons

ahilHngisper
gallons

2d.

1st

3d.

of

one

By

the

medium

quantities

the

value

which

gin

There

per
and

61s.

at

w"re

worth

was

How

American.

many

gallon 1
20
galls, at

128.

be

difference

whose

numbers

the

than

more

find

prices

add

together

them

By

are

is

given price.
that

number

is the

may

halve

the

be

find

of the

two

least

placed

to

amount

If

6th

difference

that

it

mixture,

right.
and

Probleih

the

of

compose

supposed

quantity

must

8.

price.

two

any
which

6 and

is

worth

price.

Find

-fith.

galls,

allegation alternate,

medium
4th.

40

Holland

andwhat

each,

Ans.
find

Suppose

giyen,
the

thereof

gin.

the

than

of

American

of

worth

Holland

the

length

Ans.

of

worth

more

the

2,-^reqttired

dollars'

of

difference

each.

mixture

gallon

is 24, the

area

is

thirty

dollars'

the

were

Note.

the

perpendiculsir

merchant
with

numbers,

numbers,

right angled triangle,

base
and
perpendicular

numbers,

of

som

their

sums

and

if

equal

the

two

the

sums,
not

are

equal,

sum.

numbers

supposed

against

it.

whose
number

By

the

ence
differand

the

process

186

in

ntoALEtfU.

the

mixture,

numbers

of the

one

half

products the

aTid their

allogationalternate

found

so

value
the

will be

being added
given difference
find the
Then
be the other
required number.
of each
by the singlerule of three.
8
Sttppdse 10 and 4 medium

price, and

will

quired
re-

the

'

of

it

to

tity
quan-

f 10.4..,

c^

5, .5

40

11

4..2..
"''

'

-^

".

4"6

2)48
24

ihid Americani

VII.

of two
square
find those numbers.

..productto
RuiiB.

From

duet, and

the

of

4ch ami

Or,

.i

the

of the

sum

take

twice

reiAaiinder will

Then

numbers.

th^

given,and

numbers

square

of the

root

square

gin ar^gallbns.

Holland

of the

sum

proceed

the pro*
be

"

the.

of th:e squares
add
will be the
sum

sum

the square
of the
root
Then
find the jaumbers

by

Problem

twice

the

pf the

sum

3d.

the

the

ference,
dif-

iu Prj^blems

as

Ist.

to

galloiiB,

PROBLEM

The

40

"

12

25(5

gin

'

product;
numbers.

".

EXAMPLE.

The

product

of two

is 8, the

numbers

of their sepa*
1
:

sum

rate

is 20.

squares

What

the

are

numbers

Ans.
20

of the

3um

1"

twice

the

"

2 and

4.

the

dif-

squares,

product,

36(6 square
half

10
9

1
"

/
the

of the numbers.

sum

of the

sum

numbers,

of half the^numbers.

square

1(1 square

the

""MM

^"""^

3-3

and

root

'

ference

numbers

root

of the

of the

required.

difference

numbers.

and

i^btoitltfB.
of
liypot"bTiuBe

The

pexidicalar,eddi
Note.
the

angled ttiangleis
figlit

feet," ^-what is tibe'length of

is 24

area

%f

the

is the

area

is the

pioduct,

of the

sum

JRule,

the

the

is

12,

the

8^:

of

square

squares.

yillv'

the

also

with

of the

sufm

the

sqitare

nambers

of the

sum

the

numbers;

"f^qu.9red..
"..
The
product
them

per**

6 and

gives

nttmbers;

Divide

of the

sum

and

basei

and

of 'tvh" nmnbers
thfi^pfodttct

dftheni'girTen;

find thos^

to

feet, the

10

Ans.

PROBLEM

The"um

the

Twice

hypotenuse

l"f biie

187

.,

of

and

numbers

product and
quotient is the

the

..

o^

sum

be

to

T^ith the
the

number

.,

numbers

two

by the

square

of

square

is 6,

numbers

"

.Ans.

"

of

one

what
2

are

and

4)

Sum

of the
"

nui^bers

given,

the, number

12

'"

Large

number

number.

smaller

PROBLeMnC.

The

of

relation

and

numbers

two

their

products givei^

to

find their numbers.

Rufe.

Divide

the

denoting the

multiplied by each
t$6n; the product will

"

The

46;

liumbers

of the
be

two

root

square

the. numbens

of the

bers
num-

tient
quo-

the rela-

numbeni

is

as

3 to

4, the

I2)4a

A
...

the

required.

required.
'

of

figuresdenoting

EXAMPLE.

";...

relatidfni'of

The

relation.

product

the

product by

,-3

"

"

.::

12

"

3-4
2.2

6 "

answer*

produ^

Tke

of

mtea

is t9

iJUeperpendicular

each

as

paoBtlElc

of

relation

Divide

Rnk,

ihe

relation

of the

eum

of

^what

The

Ihe

of

hypotenuse

base

the

to

of each

length

of

perplr. 9f

of tbeir

sum

the

numbers

is

denoting

the

4, the

numbers

of the

sum

the

required.

3 to

as

the

of

jppot

numbers

the

be

is

perpendicular

squares.

as

Ans.

PBOBLEH

i^nd the
{laving the area
gled triangle given to find

of

sum

is

right angled triangle

"tf the

sum

square

the

are

25

The

tbe

s^wsares 1^

numbers

two

is 100"

squares

6,

numbers*

denoting the ration.

quotient multiplied by each
of the product will
relation

The

of

length

the

base

and

given

Mfuares

their

is

X.

numbers

two

the

find

to

squares
I

rwhat

4"

to

Ans.

The

base

riglitaQglfd tmiigl" isj^4 fe^j;* the

is the

what

4"

to

base

6,

feet"

10

perplr.8*

XI.

of the sides

sum

the

of

right.aa*

sides.
*

'Rule,

Divide
of

equare

the

the

quotient

subtracted

mainder

will

being
will

Problem
NoTK.
of the

be

subtracted
be

the

of

sum

sum

the

firom
the

the
the

double

sides

half

longest

front
of

of

square

sum

the

the

or

of the

remaining

the

by

area

square
of

sum

side

the

the

of

root

tbe sides, the

hypotenuse,
sides,

the

ro-

which,

remainder

sides, which

find

by

3d.

The
squares

square
of the

of
two

the

hypotenuse

remaining

sides.

will

be

the

sum

Mt

n0B"sfl".

EXAMPLE.

the

Let
the

of

area

of the

sum

right angled triangle be

sides

12

rods," -what

is the

rods,

length

of

and

each

tfide?

a-.

..

12dmiU"tiie

area^

12

344
the

6 half
I of

the

of double

square
12

sum,

of

square

area,

of the sida^

sum

12

sides,

144(144
1(1 square root of quotient,
5 hypotenuse^

hypotenuse,

12
6

of sides.

sum

2)25

square

of

12,5 half the

sum

sum

of sides,
of the

2(7
3,5 Half the

sum

of the numbers,

3,5
175
105

12,25 squares
12,50

of half the
half

the

sum

2)7

sum

of the

,5

t, and

root,

sides,

3,5.-3,5
,5
4, Ans.

iiumbersi

of the squares,

sum

12,25

,25(,5square

of the

sqrs.

190

HJMMNAIM.

XU.

PBQBLEM

When

is involved

sum

in

its

and

sijuare,

the

is

sum

required.
Proceed

i2"2e.

as

in the

extraction

of

the

rdot,
quotient*figures,units
square

units,

fVom

from

the

from

deduct

but

from

tens

will be

the

sum

";c., and

tens,

hundredths

tenths,

quotient

given

from

involved,

the

in

decimals,

"c., and

hundredths,
ii^oot

tenths
the

l?eqUtIed.^

EXAMPLE.

is

15363,3525
what

is the

number

"

"

"

"

with

number

involved,"

its squareroot

"

15363,3525)12345
1

22(53
44

243(963
729

234
123

quotient^ whole

numbers,

2464)111,35
9856.
.

1279

quotient, decimals

24685)123925

50a

123425

5
.

500
A

i|iplace of tenths/

quotient

in

of
plaice^

hund'ths.

000

he had, said,
gentleman being asked how much
money
he
but
the
he had $5*^,75,
sum
pocket and purse
in his pocket was
in
had
the
of what
he
root
square

in his
had

his purse.

How

much

had

he

in his purse

Ans"

$22,50.

i9;i

vmomfMmM.

required is

the width

quotient

to

fourth

will

the

proportioned depth

the

actual

depth

be

is to

the

the

involyed

product

or

root

square

required'; then

depth
proportioned width,

as

is

so

width.

liie actual

to

is the

fio

The

number.

number

fourth

of that

depths

tathe

SXAMFLE.

There

earth

its

ditch

the

of

pieceof

ditched

be

to

is

of

length

it will

from
foot"

-what

4^2 feet wide

and

to its width

thrown

thirds

land

within

4, and

is the

so

depth

Width.
of

feet" width

6.

Depth.

is to

as

1.5 dea'r

The

size of the ditch I

Ans.

I?)3

long
depth

large that the

remaining ground tWo-

the

raise

feet

100

its width.

3 to

as

and

is^ 63

so

number,

"42

,3)136
1.6 width

of

ground,

1^5)6,0

-*-^"

""
-

"

42)$-

"

""

210

Ans;.

depth,

4"-

'

36

.""""".

F.

63,0

P. W.

D.
2

P. D,

quotient

2)12
6 feet wide.

AnS;

PROBLEM

To

find

what

number

XY.

by being

squaired will

1,2, 3,4, "c.

Rule.
the

sum

the

increase

"

Extract

denoting

'

the involved

increase,to

will be

the number

which

root

of the

root

square

add

unity

number

or

required.

""\/
,

"*i

*?

1, and

193

Pflf)BLEM3.

EXAMPLE.

What

will increase

by being squared

number

6 ?

Increase,
6

I2

unity,

Answer.

quotient square

root.

PROBLEM

When-two
to

find

numbers

of the

root

Rule.
number
to

given, increasing equally alike,

are

number

smaller

become

will

the

square

larger.
the

Subtract

add

which

involved

unity,

from

ilumber

smaller

the

extract

the

when

XVI.

of

root

sqaaro

and

that

sum

B.

is 4

the
the

will be

the

larger
der
remainsmaller

number.
EXAMPLE.

is 34

N.

will

1-2

B.'s age

old when

years

A/s

when

be

is the

age

1-2

years

square

old, what'

of his ?

34,5

4,5

31,(5

unity,

25,
5

the

extract

asked

being

man

will be

Answer.

years.

quotient, square

root,

root.

much

how

from

square

root

$21,84

cents.

the

How

sum

much

money
I have

Jie had, said,

; the

had

money

der
remain-

he?

Ans.. $27,04.
PROBLEM

When
ono

the

tjie square

sum

of

numbers

l^

two
^^^"^^
squares
\x\vre^^'^'^\"x\o2"Qi
T\nv!L
of the otliev,\.o

of the
root

XVll.

18

194

pnoBLBmr.

Rule.

Extract

and

larger number,

the

involved

the

the

whicli

root,

square

of that

root

square

will

ygfi

give

be

the

number.

smaller

EXAMPLE.

The

of

sum

of the

root

square

the

of

squares

numbers

two

Numbers

other;

is 20,

required.
Answer

smaller

4(2

the

one

number,

20(4

and

4.

larger number^

16

quotient.

The

of the

square

feet,

is 90

the

Required

root
square
length of each*

of

Ans.

3,

PROBLEM

When

and

the

the

of

sura

the

of

sum

numbers,

which

root

3d

the

will

find

be

the

sum

the

of

squares

given,

base

the

lar.
perpendicu-

perpendicular

9.

XVlll.

twice

squares

From

Rule.
and

the

also

numbers

the

of the

sum

right angled triangle

is the

base

the

of

hypotenuse

to

find

of

the

the
the

of the

sum

product,

and

given,
of

sum

numbers.

twice

squares

extract

is

numbers

two

involved

the

numbers

the

product,
root,

square
then
;

by

blem
Pro-

numbers.

EXAMPLE.

The

sum

of the

squares
is 42.

of the

squares
the
twice

What

[Solution,next

are

of

product,

the

page.]

two

numbers

numbers
and
?

the

is'^O
sum

the

of the

sum
bers
num-

195

PBOBLEIIS.

4S(6

of the

sum

numbers,

36

2)20

"

of

square

of numbers,

sum

"

quot*nt. 10

half square.

"

"

1 difference

2)6

half

of numbers,

sum

"

and

root.

square

"

11

2 and

The

of the

square

after

deducting the
length of the base
the

area,

will

sum

NoU.
the

sum,

and

29

be

32

29

is the

32

is

added

of

two

the

sum

product
will

Tbe

hypotenuse of a right angled triangle,

base and perpendicular, is 32, and the
and
twice
the
to
perpendicular added
be

perpendicular

and

4 Answer.

29,

the

what

is the

Ans.

base

of

square

product
is 61, and

of

the

sum

29

twice

of the

less

the

more

of
added
the

base

perpendicular

numbers

two

is the

of the squares,

4,

numbers

two

and
;

numbers

length

the
to

square
61 the

product

and

5.

the
sum

and
sum
sum

numbers.

of the

of any number
plied,
be multiroot
square
the product will be the square
plied
multiof the square
by the square root of the number
by which the root

Lemma

was

1st.

If the

multiplied.

ancT"!0
Explanation. Let 100 be the square
is the square
1 0 multiplied by 4 is 40, which
root
of 100
or
multiplied by the square of 4,
Lemma

2d.

the

divided
was

If

its

root

of 1600,

be divided,
of any
number
root
square
the
will be the square
of
root
square

the

quotient
by the square

of

the

number

by

which

the

root

divided.

Explanation. Let 100 be

divided
by 4 is 2.5, which
of 100

divided

by 16,

or

the
is

oivd \ft \\"xq^\.\\52:^

square
ihe BC\\rax^ \o"iX. oS. ^a.^-k^'^

tlie square

oi 4-

196

PKOBLikace.

If

3d.

Lemma

which

its

with

its

divided

be

involved,

be

involved^ the

ia

root

the

by

involved

12p i^.a

ded

(which
quotient

by
gives a

then

Problem

by

Lemma

its

root

be

the

by

number

said

square

the

is

be

with

times
the

its

root

involved,
of the
root,)
divi-'

root

fold

the

with

number

with

is involved
dividesaid

its

12th

number^

the

root

root

square

by

will be

the

square

is foiuid;

root

therefore

its number,

s(}uare

the

number

quotient

the

Problem

100

twice

its

is found.

root

fold, and

by

of

number

the

20, twice

with

its

of

its number,

then

root

square
be.

root

number

and

number

twice

number

flxplanation. l^et
will

will

number,

the

of 30, which

times

or

sum

is

If

figure denoting

the

quptieht

with

12th

4th.

of 2

with

of the

square

its

root.

Explanation^ Let 100 be

root, added
together, will be

root

times

2, 3^ 4, "Ci

with

number

20

will

consequently
of 4 tinges its

be
120

ber
num-

involved.

Question, A
said, multiply
duct

money.

added

the

the

to

had

man

he

being asked
sum
by 4, the
sum

I have,

how

much

he

money

root
square
will be $440.

of

that

How

Answer

v..

4)440(10
110

number

with

its square

root

involved,

10

20)10
10

quotient.

10

100
4

100

Answer.

40

involved

root.

had,
promuch

#400.

l!97

is

Note,

440

the

other

to

Lemma

two

of
and
cube

the

of

sum

one

their

be

product.
times

difference

is

of

their

Any
ence
differ-

the

1, 2,.3,,)"c",

I, 2, 3, "c.

difference

The

one.

their

inyol

the

cubes

sum,

is

ved

equa'

to

squares;
the

numbers,

two

their

to

equal

proportion

of

root

their

to

is

whose

the

their

B.equii'ed
equal

will

numbers

of

root

equal

in

are

square

difference

sqviar^S

two

any

is

square

whose

their

that

involyed

the

their

numbers

numbers

two

and

of

difference

is

Any

is one,

4 is

part multiplied by

; one

required.

part

5th.

one

as

number

their

and

product,

product

Answer

sum-

whose

of

difference

6qual

squares
3 times

to

sffid 7^654101.

4,854101

'

Ditf.

No.

If ,618043

require

Diff.
win

what
Answer:

4,854101,
the

7,854101,

Required
is

equal

equal

the

to

Divide
to

B.'s

As

Note,

is

are

of

the

jpqual
the

to

root

by Lemma

other

the
of

100

next

the

of

B.,

squares

their

cubes

A.'et part

let

its

page.]

by

number

other,

esich

it
one

third

and

first

to

that

multiplied

times

and

A.

number^

4th.

[Solution,

be

be

"

divided

so

whose

of

difference

the

between

100.

to

second

.4";"}lanf.must be

will

sum

sqUards.

product of
in
proportion

the

that
square

dollars

B.'s

as

and

of their

100

the

3,

difference

the

product,

sum

add

which

numbers,

their

to

to.

number.

other

two

require

obvioujs

is

or

is

involved.

bers,
num-

is

equal

that

the

squared

part

100,

of

must

100

be
wilSi

number

See

to

the

rul^

198

PBOBI^BltS.

100)100
involved

100(0,618034

of

root

1,

36

"

0,618034

64

quotient,

,381966

121)

root.

square

square,

100

400
131

A/spart,

38,196600

61,803400

279

quotient.

,618034

1228)17900

100

9824

61803400

8076

quotient,

123603)760000
370809

389191

quotient,

1236064(8919100
4944256

3974844

quotient.

4
A.

and

each

B.

paying
it into

part
em
was

bought

was
:

how
the

equally
two

woith

farm
a

of

brook

300
ran

acreis,

six

equally valuable,
shillings per acre
more

acres

worth

were

per

acre

there
?

at

in

each

$2

the

through

parts

many

land

but

per

farm,

the
than

acre,

ding
divi-

western

the

part, and

east-

what

2pD

PROBLEMS.

and

other

proceed

the

be

will

of the

sum

of

number

second

which

numbers

is one-third

proportion

arithmetical

three

any

of

the

of

sum

numbers.

the

There

numbers
the

the

the

of the first and. third

addition
of the

slim

proportion,
is 29.

squares,

numbers

the

in arithmetical

with

numbers,
is 15, and

numbers,
are

three

are

of the

sum
'

Then

number.

second

the

twice

The

in

are

second

be

numbers.

two

Note.
'

and

above,

as

will

quotient

the

Ans.

What
3

2,

and

4.

,"*

QUESTIONS,

SOLVED

There
into

is

Note^'
the

10

the

The

"

cocks
in 3

all

will

in
to

discharge

to

AnsWer:
in

what

in

discharge

in

the

How
hours.

.55

what

hours

1-6

it would

would

take

empty

hours.

1-2

it ?

it would
run

will

into

run

the

6 cocks

hours;

1-2

take

water

1,111
quently,
conse-

fast

as

the

it

as

in.

run

There
men

lever

end,

is
;

stick of timber
carries

one

; how

that

far

each

must

may

at

the

the
carry

12

feet

end, the
lever

be

Note.

All

diBtauce

long,
other

placed
:

be

two

from

3 feet

gravitate in an^-inverse
of gravity.
of the centre

bodies

to

carried
can*y
the

by
by a

other

equally %
Answer

the

hours, therefore

1-2

would

cocks

2-3

in

it

running

water

running together

discharge

hours, therefore
what

of

stream

jtp empty

cocks

1-3

discharge
2

three

will

has

will* empty

C(5ck8

cistern

ten

will it take

long

which

INTERSE,

OR

DIRECT,

THREE

cocks

hours,

1-2

OF

cistern

it ; it has

it in 2

to

UJTLt

BY

from

the

end.

proportion

to

201

FROBLEHS.

1 is to 6, the

Aa

centre,
P.

M.
As

is 2

so

"

answer

required^

carried

by

M.
2

the

to

.,

.2)6
3 Answer.
A
two

from

of timber

stick

at
carry
the centre

equally

feet

30

other

end, the

one

the

must

long,

three
be

lever

be

to

by
placed

5 men,

level*; how

that all may

far
carry

?
F.

.M.
As

M.

15

.3

3)30
Answer.

10
B. carries

and

A.

the

8 feet from

what

A.

of

centre

stick

of the

part

stick of timber

does

( A.

18

{B.

A^_

Answer,

30

18

as

A.

B.

ried
car-

feet ;

10

carry

B.'lO

long;

stick, and

the

each

feet

30

30

2-3

13

1-3

10
.

16

10-

18)240

18)300

"

13

If 4

will

acres

will pasture
acre"

pasture

*Note.
weeks,
therefore

weeks,

1-3

weeks

60

sheep
provided
32

it took

therefore

will
the

24

16

sheep

40

pasture

sheep

56

feet.

weeks,

10

how

grass

sheep

it would
18"

the

pasture

had
10

not

U\lo

40

of 8
grown

v/eeVaX-o

feet.
and

weeks,

many
Answer

1
eat

2-3

e^^X

^^e^

sheep
:

108

acres

will

sheep.

in the

acres

20

10

bu.t, 4 "w^^Va^
^V'^x.
^.o

'^^nn\!c^^

^^v^'^

^^^^^

202

aU"STION8

will

that

each

on

each

The

andB.

carries
from

feet

far from

the

to

centre

of timber

stick

the

grass

the

grows

pasture

B. carry

must

feet

30

carries

and

centre,

to

feet

2-3

16

the

carry

long;

ries
car-

how

remainder
Ans.

feet.
As

is 13,333

so

FOR

QUESTIONS
If 12

1.
21

will
on

will

oxen

24

eat

the

and

P's

is

P's

deduct

is

the

the
be

long

breadth
the

the

an

an

There

first has

38, how
when

33

?
octagon
^Ans. 8,201 inches.

equal breadth

Ans,
are

wheels

taking

second

teeth, the

hold

34, the
will

revolutions
many
they shall all come

to

the

oxen.

each

third

is

rods.

other,

the

fourth
made

have

teeth

same

mainder
re-

side

36, and

wheel

as

the

197,77

of each

Q's

land

side of Q's, which

required?
4.

36

quantity of
its length, and

from

of.

oxen

stick of
square
lines
be drawn
for

same

of P's

length

of

and

many

Ans.
of

corners

and

weeks,

standing equal

uniformly?

containing

square,

will

mile

how

grass

being 28 inches, must

of hewing it 8 square
or

farm

farm
;

the

side

purpose
3.

from

in 4

weeks,

weeks,

growing

distance

Answer.

10

to

of grass

in

18

10.

EXERCISE.

acres

acres

in

acres

3^

eat

10

eat

acre

every
2. What

timber,

will

oxen

feet.

"et.
is to

16,G66

on

week.

continually growing.

is

grass

the

consequently,
keep 5 sheep, and
keep 20 sheep one
;

to

is sufficient

Note,

acres

sufficient

acre

acre

A.

on

grow

EZER018E.

FOB

where

theji

began?
1st

=3876^

=3762

"3553^^^^^^"''^''^-

=3366)

L,
,

5.
that

requests

Query,

lets B
doubles
his

what

have

1000

lbs. of live

weight at the
just proportion at
the

weight

shall

sheep

end

of

live

ewd

Axeceivel

on

the

,.

condkfbn

years,
of two

but

years.

6.

15

was

from

the

course

hour,

B
be.

they

the

miles
G

placed

from

cut

hour,

other

all

come

of which

out

and
he

in

grazier bought

reserved

he

gained2
buy, and

as

head

wagon,
with

load

whole

the

travel
10.

drove

wagoner
the
at

the

at

of

in

him

sheep,
miles

miles

hours.

25

through

I observed
of

courses

telescope a
telescope
found

in

12

courses.

took

only

from

each
Ans.

The

11.

"circiesis

contained

area

ten

which

the

will

took

in

the

There

to

180

the

reach
also

plane

feet, the
the

par^of

the
the

are

one

line

two

of the
is 60

horizon,
and

of distance

to]" of. each

length

pillars in

of the

the
a

at

dis^

exactly
90

yards
of

field

17

the

the
tance
dis-

the

first
six

of the

place.
equal

smallest

whole.
chains.

29,6

straight line, perpendicular

whose
other

ladder

pillar, without
ladder?

miles;

30

between

centre

the

just enclose

be

observation.
from

Ans.
12.

did

Required

the^diameter

Required

acres.

house

that

yards

306
at

brick

of

place

head.

accomplishing

measured

and

did

returned

distance

then

work,

d"54,

his empty

and

hour,

What

the^house

house

the

the

brick

the

directly towards
telescope now
of

that

c660,

sheep

Ans.

Viewing

apart.

him

with

hour,

per

hours?

shiJliugsper

16

per

in 21

remainder

distance

certain

must

ing
travel-

many
?
head

per

per

that

cost

tance,

circle

how

three

rate

journey

by them,
75

of

rate

the

miles

I'mile

as

sold

cost

Ans.
9.

many
and

15

shillingsa
did they
what

sheep

inches.

distance

what

Ans.
8.

slant

round

starting, so
together

at

the

8,97

of

rate

at

base,

travel

to

lbs.

the

to
on

C,

heightli

off

Ans.

th^

at

per

may

to

and

circuit, A

they

way,

made

be

each

want

slant.

measured

top,

A,

miles

whose

plane parallel

the

men,

in

5, and

same

by

section

three

Suppose
of 5

loaf

lbs.

14

from

this

must

form,

conical

of this

distance

heighth,
7.

of

weighed

top

what

at

loaf

sugar
inches

203

EXERCIBB.

FOR

QUESTIONS

asunder

distance
40

may

feet

high

be

fixed

moving

in
so

is
what

as

its bottom

to

204

FOR

aUJSBTXONS

13.

that

man

in

just six feet high,

is

stature

his lowermost

From

EXIiRCISE.

his eye,
in diameter
to

parts

Stands

straighton a globe
meet.
feet
found
100
That's
to
measure
just
;
in
is
the
ball
the
air
that
suspended,
Suppose
And
just half a mile from the earth is extended.
The

number
is hid

That

B.

N.

of

Half

his view

from

mile

of earth

acres

the

to

there

I desire

Two

when

they

the

travel

they

both

gains

one

round

travel

men

off

set

round

they meet
ways,
do
respectively
they travel I

rates

contrary

hours

The

1^of

the.

what

of two

sum

quotient
those

are

of

the

is 1011,

numbers

divided

greater
]

Divide

third

than

more

much

as

$1000

Ans.

the

the

as

anlong
second

the

share.

man's

and

B's

A.'s

die

first

the

third half

Ans.

18,

Bad

194^^

wiabeik

1000

did

divided, that J
of

B.'s

gain

^ A. gained

52

and

^B.

"

78

"

"

"

1260

"

"

"

*'

1200

C.

has

gravel

"

104
a

circuVaT

walk

of

and

so

eacli

person

Ju-

and
put in together 6"386Py
company
in 3 months,
and
C.'s 7
B.'s 5 months,

they gained "3e234, which

was
of
and
gain was
B.'s,
equal to ^

of C.'s ; what

each

ii

"

of A.'s

one-

was

money

months

and

of

^^^^

Proof,
B,

root

3^9

"

C's

A,

share, $455^f

17.

what

hour.

demand
; I

over

A^s

Ans.

cube

jYYs

giving

men,

$20

; at

by the less is 7;
1 009^^1^ gi^eater.

wanting $10,
and

second

when

but

1,8 per

1,
16.

way,

m.

2,2 and

numbers

circuit;

same

hour

every

m.

Ans.
15.

the

travel

in 10

other

in

of 4 miles

and

together

of the

ball.

2060, 4327+acre8.

course

know.

to

pf the

centre

Ans.
14.

below,

put
put

^at^i,15^
equa\

equal

to

in ?

in

1400

i"i"A.\t\.^\a.xcka\jet^

vji^Oci,tdl^^^

tqmtx^

Sx

QUE8TI0NS

the

fence.

it may

occupy

within
that

FOR.

205

EX"BCiS".

fifth part of the

of

width

the

Required

the

walk,

bo

ground.
Ans.

feet.

7,918

feet

gentleman has a garden 100 feet long, and 80

is to be made,
of equal width,
broad, and a gravel walk

half

round

19.

what

it;

that it may

take

up

the

of

width

the

be

must

ground

of

the

A, B, and

each

sold

dollar
than

yard

per
B

the

to

how
;

sold

300

of

amount

than

more

21.

Required
3

the

Given

93, 332+

C.

"

71, 186+

dimensions
bounded

perpendicularly

of

by

rods

time

the

visible

which,

at

which

of

24th
is

equal to
enlightened by

is.not

Ans.

Bun.

23.

which

What

is

when

blown

diaipeter of

the

into

hollow

find

of

the

the

direct

rays of the
past 6, A. M.

5, P.

"

"'

solid

area

to

part of its curved

or

36'

the

minutes

56

12.

54o

feet,
the

June,

by

standing

cone,

its base=12

of

the

on

of its shadow

part

surface

diameter

rods

40

in latitude

plane,

taining
con-

of fence.

right

Yards.

oblong garden,

an

104

of

height
horizontal

the

and

North=:20

on

more

135,481+)

"

slant

one

dollar

"

and

for

his

and

sell 1

Ans.
22.

for $900,

cloth

B,

the

acres,

each

sold

(A.
Ans.

and

A^

feet.

11,8975

B
sold
;
for
C
one

$300

did

yards

many

of

yards

so

?
Ans.

20.

walk,

globe

globe, until

the

of

M.

glass,
is

shell

will be
sufficient to contain
^ of an inch in thickness
inches.
Ans. 7, 459
ten
gallons of wine ?
is 20
of a given trapezimm
24.
The
the
area
acres,
the
of the perpensum
diagonal is 5 chains longer than
diculars,
but

which

in

are

proportion of

3 to

dimensions.
2$.

Ans.

Charles,

chesnuts

William,
William

the

Henry

to

and

give
to

and

I shall
me

Charles

the

22, 6556+.

having a quantity of
following propositions, viz., says
one
William, give me
thir^ of your
and

Henry

made

chesnuts,
Charles

Required

5.

have

half

William

100.

Henry

says

to

Gha.\:le^^!ixv^

"^^a:^^
ofyo\XTaB.Ti3^\^^V'a^^^^^*

and

HenT^,

gvs^

m^

ckv^.q^^^'^^

^*^

206

and

yours

boy

each

shall

EXERCIBE.

FOR

QUESTIONS

have

How

100.

\ Henry

Ans.

(
The
far

how

from

27.
but

by

sum

from

leak

the

man's

stock

second

and

third

of

than

of

second

stock

whole

their

gain

grandsire

Two

fathers

Two

brothers

Two

husbands

Two

uncles
two

Two

cousins

Soon
And

Now,
To

sons

young
as

five

the

d"78

was

rods.

first man's

what

was

each

78

**

97

"

first the

followed

sisters

joined

wives
the

aunt

gain

de78

93,

12s;

116,88.

REEL.

granddame

their

an

by ""13 ; the
trading they

the

"65

"

mothers

two

with

did

next

reel

began,

on.

the

then

dance.
advance,

appear.

daughter in their rear,

with
and
niece.
a nephew
a
grandson closed the fancy piecie.
dance
was
o'er,
through, they counted
and

all the

were

I would

make

the-

two

and

and

With

And

and

In

stock

PARADOXICAL

with

64,

to

be

(C.'s

The

man's

d"175.

was

"

THE

rods

60

placed

Ans.

( A. 's stock
Ans.-JB.'s

29.

be

63

the

their

gain

and

40,

than

and

stock

man's

to

man's

more
gained c"48
proportional part

29f f
76ff

"

merchants
less

64||

"

galls,of wine, for $100,

certain
lost ; he
a
quantity was
for the originalcost, and gained
of gallons lost
twice
the number
Ans'^ 13 gallons.
gallons lost.
first
join stocks together. The

cask

equal

was

32,
?

purchased

number

Three

William

house

corners

remainder

cent,

Required
28.

the

in the

the

per

must

corner

merchant

sold

then

triangle are

each

distant

equally

of

sides

had

Charles

26.

had

Chesnuts

many

ask,

how

this number

the

on

persons

hymen

could

full

count

floor.

contrive

twenty-five 1

EXPLANATION.

gentleman

Bfterwarda

his

married

brother,

widow

v7\\o

\^ widower,'^

W^^
y^\\o

^^m^x^x^
V^^

%qvx

208

FOR

QUESTiaNS

And.fdrtbfer, mj
For

EZSHCISJB.^

daughterff,to

work

your

proyo

tru".

proportion mustjoej*
That
y^o^^^^^^^y'" ^^^ i"of Sue's
Will
equal Polly's divided by three.
such

your

( Polly'sshare, $1165,427+

\ Nancy's

Ans.

Sue's

In

35.

distance

the

equal,

triangle containing

from

proportion,viz.. If
added
chains

if

the

other,

of the

The

the

to

distance

be

each

if
;

the

of the

were

number

is

of
the

to

shortest

two

be

stake

the

to

in this

added

were

sides

distances

would

sum

the

certain

least

45+

triangleis

greatest

same

angle

and

acres,

make

J, 117+

833,

in the

and

the

greatest,

from

100

two

greatest

would

sura

added

were

shortest, it would

the

to

the

180

"

stoke

of

"

the

same.

required.

( 3d, 55^
Ans.
^

in the

whole

to

cents

I received

When

equal

of

sums

28,

24, 66

Nearly.

"

pieces of canal, containing

yards ; I have
6^ cents
yard for
per
for the second, and -7^ cents
for the third.
found
I
the
pieces amounted
payment,
yards did each piece
money
; how
many

3000

first,7

the

evacuated

Having

36/.

34

"

three

codtatB ?
Ost

Ans,

piece

contained

"

"

^ 2d
(3d

There

37.

viz

third
on

The

first 10

30, and

which

wheel

38.

is 8
is but

stand.

the

solid

globe

an

diameter, and

blown

inch

how

of

in
much

they each
Required to

930,

153

know

all stand

2d. 20,

the

have

them

beginning

inches, be

^ of

40

253
592

following dimensions,

circumference,

It is

roll, to have

at

as

If

in

fourth

"

of the

wheels

feet

the

they

shall

spoke,

four

are

"

1073,
996,

black

the

on

spoke

far

how

each
black

same

Ans.

the

1 20

feet.

glass
into

the

at

furnace,

hollow

thickness,
wine

Ans.

globe, till the

what

will

it hold

20,655

ter
diame-

whose

will

then

shell
be

inches

18,83 gallons.

diameter.

ita

^^^
'39. On

"^

the

QUBSTIONS

of

4th

Composed
Two

erected.
July a pole was
six pieces, and nicely connected

of

feet and
the

At
The

was

ThjB heigh th
What

it measured

six inches

it stood

place where

form

209

BXSR'CWSE.

FOR

in surface

cone,

of the

rihbon

Will

wind

round

And

have

it

the

By lea,ving
a.

from

and

lay smooth,

feet.

60

the

at

bottom

to

plain to

of 5 inches

space

complete

procured

pole

be

shop,

top,

seen.

between

gentleman

bequeathed
could

be formed
farm.

land

the

the

at

five

the

within, and
To

touching
daughters he

his

contained

centre

widow.

I demand

and

der
the remain-

widow's

and

son

widow,
A

gentleman
and

daughter,
with

daughter
age,
to

three

have

to

happened
how

is the

and

three

$1000

to

the

and

and

son

Ans.

the

and

packet

It

calf

in

gender,
years

20

and

many

parts
"

equalling,$692A^
2301^

years,
each

old, and

may

provided they
one

to

have

after that have

are

"

67^

"

"

of cattle

head

so

Query,

Proof.

$1000
How

was

mother

the

daughter one.
daughter married.

Daught.l

42.

to

was

daughter
not,

son

marry

he

not,

of

$1000,

should

son

and

were

contain

to

"

and

son

the

"JMother

sealed

they

If the

one.

6? divided
Son

the

"

son

till the

daughter

mother

parts

both

found

If
;

age

When

age.

and

follows

was

acres,

93,05

widow^

opened

be

opened,
as

will

lawful

at

arrivingat

that

his
to

not

age
and the

parts

before

marry

was

arrived

packet was
disposed of
arriving at

before

to

had

to

for it

the

be

have

annexed

directions

left

his decease

at

share.

son's, 57,92

Ans.,
41.

that

of the

periphery

40 acres,

each

circle,

that portion of
gave
the peripheriesof

between
was

of

largest circles

five

the

sons,

form

in the

farm

equal circles, which

the

to

five

his

to

circular

owning

feet/

300

Ans.
40.

ground.*

top of the

twice

was

same

of inch

length

around.

the

on

come

from

feminine

all of the

calf

when

she

calf every

year

Ans.

heifer

becomes
?
1278

head.

210

atTMTIONS

43.

the

product

The

ratio of 8

of

FOR

is 3802,5

numbers

two

5 ; what

to

SXERC18S.

are

Ans.
43.
enclose

of the

six

within

it, and
In

the

shortest

sides

the

about

acres

that

sides

is to

side

the

base

required.

are

There

45.

multiplication
2112,

two

are

is

the

and

that

duct
prothe

and

The

7.

4 "to

^
"

Sides,

of

product
their

whose
is

cubes

the numbers

are

the

3,5,

12

of

the
chains.

given

of

"

numbers,

79, 625,

What

890625.

is

( 15,
Ans.

be

41, 6168

ratio

in the

formed

between

difference

their

186,

just

shall

can

centre

the

two

48,75.

and

78

whicU

Ans.
equal circles.
oblique angled trianglethere

an

of

50

circle

circles

largest equal

have

peripheriesof
44.

of

diameter

the

Required

in

are

numbers

those

they

6, 5

Answer,

12,

25

Required the
length of the sides of ten of the largest equal pentagons
that can
ing^
be formed
within
it, with an angle of each touchthe periphery of the
circle, and leaving a decagon at
The

46.

the

diameter

low

has

gentleman

4to

equal

foot, the

width

and

deep

sufficient

and

must

have
to
as

Says
twice

A.,

A.

to

I had

of

ground plot

5 feet
crowns,

your

How

Ans.

In

But
Was

country
whom
he
too

addressed

spark
lovely

all
not

skilled, as

solicitous

did

features

to

you
know

may

her

4 inches.

I should
says
as

6f B. had
charming she,
A.

had

49. A

of the

depth beiflgequal
if

agree
now

age.

dtig

be

limits

would
have
left ; and
as
many
you
3 of
I should
have
four times
yours,
?
each
had
many

as

if I had

you.

B.,

an

ditch

the

Ans.
48.

equilateral
soil being
the
it, by heaping

the

raise

to

chains.

of

within

triangle,but

yield earth

to

acre,

wide

raise

to

6,

form
;

of each

side

the

naturally moist, wishes

How
it.
upon
the outside
of the

one

be

shall

Ans.

earth

half

chains.

garden in the
triangle,containing half an acre

and

on

circle is 40

pentagon
47.

side

whose

centre,

of

presage,

B.

many

lOf

The

lady

fob

ausenoNi

smiled

211

bxkrchik.

this preposterous
rule,
the
But condescendfr
fool
to satisfy
;
him
this
with
Made
air,
a generous
answer,
at

lofitysmile, peculiarto the fair :

My age is such if multiplied by three,
And
be,
^ of that product trebled
The
of f of that is four ;
root
square
A

So

fare

Tour

well,

ye

fond

'Tis

know

to

are

you

no

more,
^

impertinence

clownish, sir,to ask

caused

has

this

woman's

rage,

age'.
Ans.

gentleman bequeathed to his six

circular
piece of land, containing 785,
a
viz. : to his eldest three
following manner,
50.

that

circle

widow,

be inscribed

can

the

piece

equal^ circles

three

each

I demand

sons.

tlie centre

at

; the

within

has

"

Eldest

Widow's

each

side

How
52.

with

soldiers

Two

men,

$10

Now,

says
I will

A.

orange

cents

many

Ans.

53.

4000
S.

E.

A.

B.

and
at

acres,

they
before

per
will
B.

commenced

$3,75

per

more

allow

and

him

C.

through

three

younger

me

"had, and

^g

J jg^

"

than

at

what

finds

of

canal

oranges,
do.
you

B.

04,192+

land, containing

runs

and

his

proporticfnin it;
a

N.

section

division
W.

than

; %

per

06,192+

C.

to

of the
pay

75

they, provided
agreed. Now,*

rail road

part of the

the

through

A., williai^to avail himself

to

he

increasing

price

2582+at

block

acre

the

80, *4l7+at

had

731476

and
oranges,
each
paid $5.

more

orange

8, 702423

in

choice

my

A.

169,167716

square,
; but

of which

this

the

his

200

for

make

the

by

his

; to

to fill up
a
square.
Ans.
24000
men.

25

thereof, proposes

acre

square

wnnts

purchased

of it ; and

section

accommodation
cents

C.

into

payment

per
each

largest

tract

share, 89,

sons'

B", purchased

in the

the

share,
share,

B., give

to

allow

Required

he

he

and

A.

for them,

how

had

each

sons'

above

soldier,

one

many

gave
and

ovetv^fid

soldiers

284

in the

share.

ones'

general forming his army

years.

widow,

acres,

pieces to

( Younger
51.

bounded

and

remaining

Ans.

and

sons

circular

the

28

has

block, in

been
con-

212

^QBr

aUBBTIONS

than

more

acre

which, B. proposes

of

sequence

divided

he

each

man's

to

his

for

he

paid

admitting that each

and
none
give or
land

BJUHK"1"E.

choice,

one-third

receive

cash

of

pfbportion stand

him

A.

Ans,

4H,25 per

pay

(agreed also.) Now,

the originalpurchase,
hoW

conditions, and
ih per

1167"

1172^3"

f C.

1659"

the

what

will

acre

44,28,1

31,

5,76

"4*26,335
01, 335
3,

3"

" B.

must

to

afterwards,

these

answer

C,

to

1-2,44

at

"

4000

equilateraltriangle,whose
for paving, al 8 pence
much
costs
sterlinga foot,
as
area
sides did at a guinea per
the pallisadingof the three
as
Ans.
72,, 746 feet
yard?
A
55.
a plank 9l hy 16
captain gives to one of his men
What

54.

side

is the

of that

inches,

with

only

cut

to

orders
the

plank

of lines, would
the

how

It is

56.

pipe
m

of

is

plank

length, the

in

be

to

and

inches

being rant
ignodraw
a
plot,

man

to

find

the thickness

of the

bore, which

weighs
weighing

11325

sides

Having surveyed

be

ten

Ekre

2 rods

to

Required
If

let fall
is 5 and

much

The
as

water.

immersed

sidlein ^ach

calculation

add

or

the

case,

the

than

side.

yard

inches.

equal
subtract
will

area

true

content.

Ahs.

14

rods.

diiameter
is 4 inches, be
sphere, whose
diameter
into a conical glass full of water,
whose
altitude 6 inches.
It is inquired to determine
how
a

water

59.
same

the

other

the

in the

less

an

ounces.

y^7^
isoseles triangle,whose

I find if I either

each,

from

or

2. rods

58.

rods

in

lead

ll"s,.per

14

Ans.

57.

and

square,

cut

foot of lead

cubic

lid 12

pieces. The
obliged to any one

to

two

be

required
inch

an

make

to

heavy

will

run

dimensions
in the

last

Required

Ans.

over.

of

the

sphere

question, and

what

in the water.

the

part of the

and

26,272

in.

being the
only ^ full of
the sphere is

cone

cone

axis

cubic

of

Ans.

,546 pts.

ame^Tioifs

213

exsrci^e.

for

The

60.

the

by

certain

circular

To

his

As

bere

The

doth

below

chain
four

numbers

and

aioress^id

They
large

each

And

twenty

Unto

2, 445-[-.

centre^

alike.

circular

piece,

of the land

remainder

his wife

'

.^

found.

be

can

were

ground
have

must
as

the

jus

contain,

it did.

daughters' portions

As

water.

shall be

stand.

precisely such
through the

was

measured

In the

which

of

Ans.

Grunter's

His

sphere

disposed by will
piece of land,
wife and daughters three,

circle

By
In

same,

man

dear

When

of

and|^ fbll

water.

61.

still the

diameter

the

Required
covered

being

coiie

he

willed,
,

And

left it with

To

see

At

0620

hand,

it all fulfilled.

This

land

Now

tell

just,

acre

an

valued

must

what's

me

Likewise

"

faithful

the

be.

widow's

the

three.

daughters
*

worth,

"

Acres.

I Daughters' share, 29, 232, equals 06584,

^""-

Widow's

Supposing

62.

large

fillthis circle
around

dug

If 6

63.

weeks,

14

similar

many

that

1134
colts

hours,
of
how

sheep

form

of

similar

and

half

10
in

and

oxen

will
can

eat
eat

depth

21

colts

the

size in 12

the

quantity

same

as

inany boys

will

and

eat

up

the
360

12

acres

in

of

uniformly,
admitting
oxen

and

sheep.
eat
apples in 5
ladies can
eat
up 47 apples
apples growing uniformly,
apples in 60 hours, admit-

ladies

15

hours,

45

eat

growing
grass
in 40 weeks,
acres

240

be

to

of pasture

Ans.

gentlemen or
15 gentlemen

trench

to

5, 148689+feet.

acres
can

how

will it take

the

weeks,

20

feet in diameter,

globe,

eat

can

and

20

640

320, 140+.

"

Ans.

colts

10

or

sheep

If 9

64.

and

circle

circle'^

oxen

pasture

how

22

the

16, 00704,

equal breadth

the

in

is

there

of

trench

"

will

17

3472

214

ting that
and

boys

120

numbar

same

18

as

Ans.

ladies

26

the

eat

can

EXBRCMB.

FOB

QUKflTlOTfS

men
gentle-

642+boy8,
.

and

feet

35

than

length

of

of

that

plain is 28 feet wide,

being 15 feet higher
required to find the
from
the giound to
roof
exactly parallel
Ans.
47, 8+feet
J

roof

It

will
and

on

the

ratters.

house,

the

of

top

the

ladder

top of

the

the

high,

feet

the

standing

house

certain

65.

is

just reach

lie

the

on

it

to

66"

"Af note

month,
of

payment
said

of the

value

the

remainder

and

in

so

time

7th

be

note

should

value

the

after

4th'

tions
condiof

the

of the

date,

the
proportion
payments
when
the following
were
paid. On said note
ments,
pay10
viz., $10
days after date, $10 the 21st day of

Required

time

shall

And

to

One
For

round,

8th

of

third

of

date

and

month,

the

due.

that

note,

Ans.

1828.
the

988^ days.

daughters had,

two

were

gave

the

after

man

both

the

$5

become

landed

He

and

1827,
the

remainder

fair ;
apiece of land.

very

each
the

other

square.

"

shillingsan acre
just,
had
its
value
piece
;
But
when
they parted with the same
It made
their hearts
full glad ;
For, by a contract
fairly done.
The
made.
price of each was
The
shillingsthat encompassed each,
For each
exactly paid.
If across
a
shillingbe an inch,
20

Each

The
The

The

which
query
round

near^
jsold for most,
is, which

piece

i
(

in

diameter,
69.

deep
to

Suppose

cut
a

must

it
crown

the square

or

How

"

is very

Ans

68.

date, that

after

months

18

of

one-half

months

due

the

date, and

provided

paid

become
to

month,

67.

these

were

after

year

3cf day

dated

for $35,

given
1827, payable one
was

piece, 3941225,TJ-8hill.
Square piece, 50181 12,-^shill,
^^^^^

saw

into

round

off?

tliat sYiaW

log,
Ans.

vrea^

^Q

inches

36

13,-VinGhe8,
\Na%%

\"

ti;^ be

216

with

till the

remainder,

is to be

remainder

which

in

diviBion,

eleverfth

the

cube.

rational

EXKRGISB.

FOB

aUKSTIONS

i Divisor

70693

^"^'

To

74.
""3

them

but

them

giving

on

be

cubic

filled

feet

and

in

who

employs
left. How

.^3

first of

the

second

feet in

of

cistern

11

men.

feet

cubic

200

which

fill 9

can

feet in 3

cubic

15

of

rate

Ans.

pipes,

cubic

19

170668

the

at

person
he has

each

"2

; the

2^ days

third

the

three

by

the

to

there]
manyjjrtjj-kmenwere
75.
Required in. what time
will

Dividend

of workmen

wanting

is

oCS

man,

per

number

certain

pay

J days,

5} days.
17^^^

days.
ascends
If a person
air balloon
with
76.
vertically
an
from
the city of Hudson,
just
to that
heighth that he may
the
the top of the city
see
on
top of a flag-staffhoisted
Ans.

hall, in

New

heighth

above

York,
the
be

to

Hudson

and

.77.
ten
a

in

each

first

and

of

wheat

bushels, and
And

the
and

contains

of

contains

of wheat

the

of rye

bushels,

price

of the

of

20

lings.
shil-

barley
lings.
shil-

^66, 18

costs

bushels, of barley

10

and

lings.
shil-

15

""3,

costs

barley,

rye,

barley

."11, 10

bushels,

and

rods.

o^ grain

sorts

costs

15

rye

bushels,

12

third

I demand

and

he

did

03

11,

bushels, of

30

rye

bushels,

10

far

Ans.
three

degrees.

of 45

how

containing
of

of wheat

rods

walking

after

and

angle

an

40

was

turn

contains

second

The

bushels,

the

magazines

the

bushels,

making

miles.

2,3576

fiel4,.containing

circular

circumference,

walked

made

he

Three
;

of

centre

for the

distance

before

78.

the

Ans.

distance, turns,

whole

walk

ground.

starts

certain

The

the

flag erected

the

miles, and

150

cumference
cir-

between

distance

the

and

his

the

supposing

earth,

the

miles,

25000

York

man

acres,

of

.New

feet from

100

surface

I demand

horizon.

in the

appear

wheat,

and

bushel.

per

Rye 4 shillings.
\ Barley 3
(

Ans.

"

(
79.

from
for

Two

Dublin,

travellers
and

set

the other

Londojuderry,the

at

out

latter

from
fov

the

same

Wheat

time

Londonderry
Dublin.

When

"

the

the

one

former

they

met

boniputed

li9"l

and

that

travelled

had

former

their

at

their

days* The

than

more

and

days,

the

former

the

latter^ and

Dublin

and

to

lin
Dub-

reach

to

derry
London-

An8"

required.

is

the

that

expected

latter

between

diitance

fotmd

was

travelling, the

in 4

reacl" Londonderry
in

miles

30

of

rate

it

jouvney,

miles*

150

a,nd B.,

jointlyperform a^ieca of
if the sum
of the days JpL which
in 12 days; now,
work
be
separately performed the same,
they could each have
in
the
A.
which
alone
days
(he Ayorking
by
.inultiplied
could
have
done
it, the product will be
quicker than B)
Two

80.

A.

masons,

timet

what

In

1000.

each

could

Ans.

the

that

sumof

83.

should

year,
be
should

due

that

at

each

interest, applied
is

payment
Ans.

its

contains
the

vacancies
A

,84.

being departed

place, travelling
is

messenger
in
miles

at

cubic

sent

one

3 hours.

travels

required

find

to

box,

cipal.
prin-

16,

from

the

at

what

pence.
which

el,to ^11
inches.

526

certain

in 2 hours,

who.

him,

is

It

9J

bush

9 hours

of 5 miles

rate

after

such

the

shill.

10

Ans.

the

then

which

reducp

and

messenger

end

required.
of

the

the

interest

by

oe21,

length of the side

largest inscribed
globe

Whatis

83.

annum

at

one

to

inches.

per

the

remainder

another
of

rate

11

number

of

miles
the

the

second

will ride

messenger

before

he

Ans.

first ?

overtakes
70

^ miles.

85.

length
formed

The
of

of

radius
side

the

within

its

circle

of the

is 64

chains.

is

equal

to

that

an

The

age

together, make
flOn'Sythe

sum

of
76

years

would

his

wife

if the
;

man's

man,

equal
19

the

that

octagon

of either
Ans.

86.

Required

largest pentagons

periphery, leaving

side

'centre, whose

wiie'^

and

age

'

eoaditton

on

cent

per

is 24

globe ftom

lent

payment,

the

and

of the

value

The

days.

30

26, 91

equal payments,

at

cleared,

exceeds

.payment

in

the

in

smallest
Ans.

interest

principal
be discharged

20, B.

shillings was

and

of every

the

oGl^O,

and

of

diameter

made

be

it could

which

in

A.

equilateral triangle pyramid

an

tiie

is

what

inches,

of

side

If the

81.

it I

do

of the

23, 307
son,

be

^iv^'i^

all

added
^^^x^

can

at

the

bo

the

gons.
pentachains.
added
tc^

Vo%
Q^"t,

218

but

Tvi^'s and

if the

father's

and

age

SZBRCIVS.

YOa

AUKMROHS

son's

What

yeard.

the

was

Ans.

,.

for 12

enter

months, and

f6rl4

SlOO

C.

and

B.

iL

and

months,

draws

draws

and

$116

eqaal the
of each

age

Son's

87.

it would

added,

wenre

12

years.

-JWife's

28

(Father's

36

"

"

partnership. A puts in
draws
$112
gain. B. puts in
C. puts in $100
for
$128 gain.
gain. Required B.'s stock, and
into

C.'s time.
.

/ B.'s

stock

$1174

( C.'s

time

18|

^""'

88.

vinterhas

of which

he

did

and

water,

drew

thei*e

water

of wine

cask

Ans.
'

89.

length of
be

within

peripheiy

of

the

be

much

how

of

I 204^^

of

is 40

gallons

chains.

wine.
water.

the

Required

that
largest equal pentagons
an
angle of each
touching

circle,

shall

sides

it, with

up with
wine
and

\ ^^^5*/o gallons

circle

of ten

sides

the

formed

whose

of

diameter

The

gallons,

it

cask.

left in the

was

filled

then

I demand

5 times.

s6

500

containing

and

gallons,

50

months.

leaving
equal to the

decagon

the

at

of each

side

can

the

centre,

pentao^on.

65 chainjs.
right pyramid to be 4
Ans.

90.

feet
slant

heighth

wound

top.
91.
A.^
months

the

at

square

round
How
A.

B.

money

and
was

as

so

is the
C.
in

at

rope

cover

the

company,
B.'s 5
months,

thick
bottom

Ans.

1280

Ans.

stock

-^:B.'s
C.'s

be
to

feet.

and

put in d"3860.
and
C.'s
months,

and

A.'s

the
to

from

they gained o"234, which

was
that ^ of A.'s-gain was
equal to J of B.'s, and
did each
C.'s.
What
to J of
gain, and put in?
;

and

top,

inches

its sides

rope

make
3

to

foot

one

and

feet,

ft,

long

and

base,

20

of

frustrum

the

Suppose

eei400

divided

so

-^ of

gain

"

1260

"

"

1200

"

B.'s

^52
78
104

"v.

""

^or

qjnsaitu^m

219

^ZBnetMk;

in tl^ jbrm. o^a

gentleman owning atractofland
jsircle, containing 785, 4 acres,
bequeathed to his 10
A

92.

daughters the
within

the

it,with

circle

could

an

his

to

remainder

he

son

largest decagon

vinter

of which

'

he

water;

he

30, the

next

drew

Daughter's 45, 409 "

128,^35)
(Widow's

acres.

cask

of wine

gallons,

time

next

20, and

time

the

with

cask

wine

much

"

and

how

A. B. and

C,

to

the

market

buy sheep

as

many

bought

23

P.,

than

sheep
each

also

Which

wife.

two

P.

wives

and

Q.

and

man

Lons.

R.,

went

woman

wife

and

husband

were

persons

bought
for each
shillings
sheep ; A.
Q., and B. bought 11 more
than his
63 Shillings
out
more

laid

man

cask.

133|||||[S^^^^

; each

than

more

AWo

366

Water

they gave

as

is in the

water

their

with

with

demand

drew.

he

as

i Wine

94.

cask

the

gallons,the next time

10
tim^
gallons, still

next

much

sheep

filled up

40

water

^""i
to

containing 500

gallons, and

the

07^

203,

Ans.

50

drew

the

fillingup
liow

has

that

and the
pentagon,
Required each ones' share.

r Sons'-

93.

periphery of

the

'

formed

be

of the

basis

his widow.

to

the

gave

the

about

formed

be

could

largestpentagons that
angle of each touching

ten

32=A.'andR.=31
A. andR.=31
(32=
Ans.

12=B.

"

(
A

95.

feet in

120

tree

heighth,stood

being partlybroken

but

ground,

and

than

lower

the
the

down

was

part

broken

off

tree

broken

above

96.

Four

the

the

right angle with

was

men

only, out

of

to

line

feet.

the

drawn

top of

eminence,

the
the

from

Question,

to

how

from

the

one

took

when

tree

foot,at

intersect

the

high

the

was

21,698 l+feet,

Ans.
ground ]
travellingtogether,found

every

P.=

declivityconsiderably
restingupon the stump,

the

which

"

distance

perpendicular stump,
40

tree, but

foot

Q.=

an

upon

certain

fallingdown

feet, and

90

off at

foot of the

from

distance

the

top

8=C,

"

a
a

purse
number

of shillings
at

an

290

ilfteTwards, by

adveftture;

compai^itig their number

froni the
first took
25 shillings

together, tfaey found, if tbe

second

had

third

his

left

had

had

would

third
then

fourth
have

be

took

taking

three

the fomrth

what

the

shillingsfrom

50

times

shillingsmore.

30

double

be

the

abillingsfrom
the
tripple to what
40 shillings
from
the

took

then

what

with

equal

th^ second

if the

then

would

number

would

money

left and

share

if

money

the
;^iaatly"

firstshe

his

left; and

had

"^urth,

lek

then

third, his

the

make

it would

second,

^xm^tim.

wotL

QmsvntmB

much

as

What

each

was

first

the

as

person's

rtiilliogs.

f Ist, 100

Ans

^"^"i

^^'

^^^

3d,

90

"

[4th,105

"

^
'
,

Suppose

97.

into

globes
fluid.

the

when

Now,
found

likewise

that

suDDose

to

divided

be

on

artipecalglobes

be

divided
The

are^ divided.

in

the

globe

used

same

the

at

of

around^

distance

is the

parallelof

74

the

of

surface

parallel
by geographers, and
the globes
as
manner

qu^gstion is,what

this last mentioned

of

inches

cubic

number

usual

the

fill it ; these

exactly
2000

be

globe

smaller

exterior

the

by

inch

one

if the

contain

will

separate

be

to

dimensions, that
larger'*one, it would

larger globe
lines

globes

of such

and

put

hollow

twa

ness,
in thick-

latitude

inches.
(
.

( 13,2745
Rifile, As

radius

is

to

is Co

Cir., so

of greater.

Dia.

15,3264

^""'

Cir.

Sine

parallel.

74

at

required

the

to

circumference.
98.

There

its square,
the

lesser, the

lesser
the

from

and

being
What

to

must

is in the

sum

is 94.

the

be the

form

But

of

sphere

sum

is

contain

between

Two

porterfi

them,

at

agreed
draught

to

drink

eacVi

off

and

4.

cavity
con-

wine

quart

the

twice

to

whose

60,422
a

of

of

10

500

Ans.
100.

equal

vessel

to

square

square

Ans.

of
to

the

the

numbers.

diameter

is added

greater

subtract

we

the lesser, the

Required

greater*
99.

this

remainder

added

if the

numbers,

two

are

lons.
gal-

inches.
of

ftve fff",\.diw^^S^^^
\

beer

"1

of tbe

surface

"^tom, and

then

frustrumof

the

diameter

at

inches, and

top

at

the

Ans.
A

101.

wants
cooper
gallons,the heighth to

diameters

be

Suppose

first

three

the

the

pentagon,

inches

inchea.
wine

1500

differeitipeof

the

diameters.

and

81,259

wa"

cup

indiies, the

contain

to

Required

inches.

75,259

the
ground, of equal area,
a
hexagon, and the third a

of

lots

the

What

cubic

15,89

the

Ans.
102,

other.

bottom

feet, and

d^inches.

be

to

cistern,

of the bot-

opposite edge

the

remaining part to the

of their shares, supposing
the
depth hieing 6
cone,

the

touebed

the

gave

difference

the

was

liquor

second

fence
board
with
two
heptagon ; each lot is enclosed
a
boards
the whole
fifteen feet, long, and
high, each board
of boards
number
enclosing the three lots is equal to the
whole
number
of acres.
Required the side of each lot.
^

xhains.
C

Ans."

250,61

pentagon.

203,94

hexagon.
heptagon.

1172,44

of superior might,
eagle conscious
ether
Straight up through boundless
winged his fiight^
When
looking downwards
through tbe wide expanse,
One*third
the earth's curre
surface
caught his glance.
An

103.

He

descends

now

The

heighth

Would

he

and

asks

soared

from

likewise

Extended

from

know
the

Ans.

three

other, is

each
which

will

105.
900

acres

got

just
and

pierclag
flight?

si

ght

the

of

What

enclose

the

part

of

How

isthe
three

purchased

land,

and

thauB.

his

of his

acres.

paid equally between

that

terrestrial ball 1

far

sunimit

all.

heighth of the earth's diameter.

of a certain
tween
bearea
piece of land contained
whose
equal circles,
peripheries just touch

The

104.

the

how

To

nations

the

the

at

the

agreed
many

of

but

farm

acres

which
to

pay

had

? Ans.

of that circle
chains.

47,98646

valuable

rate

them

diameter

$2
on

farm; containing
which
they
per acre,
the
A
dividing
same,

contained
45

eaQh

cents

the
per

best
acre

provements
immore

222

ancsTioNs

your

Says

1 06.

present.
your

Says

j^resent. Says
and

shall

will

give

and

1^ shall
A

to

bxsrcisb.:

have

to

money

my

and"

money,

atid C,

to

"Mid

money,

roft

$t"0

doubled.
'

;,

'

^-^ of

I have

than

at

-J-,
-^,-^^ and

me

How

at*

I have

and
J, -J-,

me"
more

B, ^e

-^of^

than

mare

give

have

and

be

$50

C,

and

^J, ^, ^

me

much

-^^

each

had

'

fA

$40,67+

had

Ans.4B

|C

'

1071

and

Suppose
inches

nine

and

half

inuch

in

be

to

tipJ

ttiuch

wine

at

hbru

the

will

take

half

long-,

inches

in";b

hollow, ^ an
fill it, and
to

it' take

it half

^24,

32,05+

but, and

the

being

overlay

to

36,98+

'*

feet and

two

circumference

tybuldit

gold

hofri

the

at

how

thick,

ok

an

"*

thick 1

inch

an

how

Ahs.-^231, gallons.
r solid
'(^102,

Required

108.

of whose

sum

to

amount

if

the

breadth

equal

and

within

circle, yet
earth

sufficient
the

90

to

amount

depth

form

and

width

their

times

dug

circle

into

Now,
the

around

half

-J,

ditch

greater

yield
quire
gloj^e. Reto

of the" ditch.
28

(Diameter

i'

its circumference,

of

each

depth

be

is to

would

\,

by "^,{^iand

diamdters.

the

circle, and

smaller

the

increased

be

sum

the" limits
to

of

diameter

their

of

square

would
of

tinies the

circles,

two

by J, ^, and

if increased

diameters,
5

of

circumference

the

inches.

and

20

-^"'

6,61 feet.

i"

109.

A
A

curious

of

man

high degree

would

garden
lay out,
done, intending it should

When

be

Eliptically about.
'

'

The

siz6

An

acre

Its

wall

In

this

it

of
full
of

was^

if I

am

right.

contettt;

fence,

when

propoirtionwent,

finished
-

"

quite.
'

Stt

1 19.
cents

exchanges
gallon, for 66j

per

Jones

120.
how

will

$1,50

the

bought

did

much

at

be

it

per

cwt.

in his

balance

to

come

of

yards

84

favor

at

91,25

cloth

How

for

to pay

sold

man

received

and
how

his

gallons

many
A

122.

for

I'eceived

how

be

the

of
in

70

oats

40

at

he

cents

receive

How

be

must

How

124.
in

bushels

many
given for

salt,at $1,50

much

for

exchange
How

given

in

wine,

much

for

exchange

23J

per

126.

him

gave

per

il

bad

cwt.

in

^20

pound

bow

of

hops,

many

30s.

at

and

money

the
did

prunes

in

barter

has
he

will

broadcloth

at

in

be

to

35

ready
rated

If cloth, worth
Ss.

6d.,

exchange

2b.

the

189.

bushels

of

130.

If 9

bushels

of

17

cents

worth

be

Ss.

has

cost

what

$2,

wheat

cost

at

5d.

lbs.

$13,50,

but,

cloth
broad-

ought

the

Ans.

$4,37^.

rated

in

cash, be

Ans.

com

which

qrs.

yard

per
B
;

10

ter
barrated

shillings.

bushel?
is it per
50
Ana.
cts.

'

what

is

it per

$1.50.

bushel?
J3J.

for

prunes,

cwt.

yard, cash,

per

wheat,

cloth

If 4

in

yard

per

yard

18jigallons.

atwhatpri^e
money;
in bartering with
A 1

should

how

for

cents

30

be

must

receive.

worth

cloth

have

$3,75

worth

128.

linen

bushels.

per

cwt.,

per

rest

Ans.

127.

3|

of cloth, at 7b. 6d.

given

bushel

gallon,

per

Ans.
A

bushels.

be

must

3d.

28,

at

$2,75

at

yards

40

bushel

per

Ans.
125.

bushel,

per

bushel,

per

of oats,

bushels

15

galls.
cents

of potatoes.
Is. 6d. per
bushel,
of barley, 2s, 6d. per
bushel}
Ans.
53} bushels.

bushels

33

gallon,
92

at

rye,

lb.,

per

per

Ans.
1S3.

wheat,

fi4 '72

4l,37J

at

yard

bushels.

cents

cents

of

wheat

did

oats

Ana.

buabels

70

balance
of

37

919.

it T

at

receive!

bushela

40

bushels

many

molasses,

exchanged

man

bushel,

per
and

in

pay
did

of beef,

ponods

343

cwt.

per
of

Ane.
ISl.

37^

at

Ans.

bushels

many

it lake

will

bushel,

gallons of molasses,
of cheese, at $4
per

760

moD

much

how

nuAoisi.

reft

4tnmTf0i?s

If 40

flheep cost

"60,

Vfhtt

"

tWi

If

132.

bushel

they per

If

13*3.

bushels

At

50

135.

$2,50

of broadcloth

cents

he

can

many

lay
buy

in

sheep,

If 20

$300,

cost

cows

sheep.

40

price of

is the

what

15

If 7

how

much

men

consume

would

10

24

in

meat

in the

consume

men

of

pounds

$225.

week,

one

tkne

same

If I pay

for

pay

the

of

use

house

my

house

be

valued

What

140.

be

insurance,

the

valued

contents,

for the

$9876,40

at

l^per

at

What
of

Worth

commission

books,

The

142.

$148,146.

How

144.

in

gr^w

many

feet

floor 25

long

trees,

many

of

nursery

one

feet

acre

of

boys,

247

apart

ground

month,

If

deliver

ton

146.

per

per

350

of

cargo

chartered

tons,
600

at

what

tons,

yards.,

farmer
1

acre

raised
1

acre,

43

2722

3s.

is the

trees.
ton

rood, and

3 qrs. 14

cwt.

25

perches.

are

two

numbers

3S67"what
lalfflTyiB

ws

is the

in
sum

both

Is.

What

rate

lbs. of

proportion as
of

per

real

Ans.

There

-f?

11

tons

may

way,

Ans.

on

147.
^

of

ship

cover

50

every
%
Ans.

145.

girls.

228

Ans.

of

will

yard wide,

yards of carpet,
and
18 feet wide

the

number

the

was

Ans.

How

$38,24.

475, and

were

girls,what

12

to

town

143.
a

boys

13

certain

selling $478
Ans.

cent

per

in

births

proportion
each

at

store

cent

for

I receive

must

if

$12,37^.

of

annum,

per

of

cent,

per
Ans.

Ans.
141.

$4,50.

insurance

of

rate

^475?

at

vnll

pay
the

must

Ans.

I
must
premium
against loss by fire, at

my

much

how

$100,

of $75.

use

What

139.

and

$6 for the

34|^lbs.

Ans.
138.

cows

Ans.
137.

at

7
Ans.

136.

bushels.

it out

be

can

Ans.

would

6d.

19s.

"orn

head, how

per

much

how

bushel,

per

having $100,

man,

is the

9s., what

J^21

cost

are

2s^ 6cL

Ans.

for $2^00

bought

much
Ans*

price per yard

134.

6d.y how

Vs.

cost

oats

yards

22

of

9d.
rots
car-

it

was

31
3

tons,
to

1,

g26

ThaChinesewalUssaidtobe

148.

feet

18

averaging

does

f^^oms

it ciontain ?

and

#25472,50,
loss

or

that

sale, and

the

by

$llOf

of it sold

^^

solid
many
fathoms.
9,504,000

Ans.

steamboat

for

share,

per

$5725,

much

how

pile of wood
high, 23 feet 10

inches

is the

what

cord,
inches

inches

the

and

long,

feet

84

inches

long,

is sold

wide,

of

feet

27

foot?

square
152.

bill

per
2

Boston

has

net

proceeds

for

Baltimore,

on

in

in

hands

his

his

of
favor

his

discount.

cent,

per

$1.80

at

bills

when
the

Suppose
New

on

what

York,
the

was

If

154.

$510,20.

the

rate

of

how

per

much
in

acre

land

sold

cent.;
per
Ans.
$937,50.

is it

per

federal

Boston

in

foot, and

what

in

and

money,
Ans.

money?

also

$11,92^

How

155.
in

much
for

exchange

land,
360

at

acres,

to

16,876,

o"l

would

in

and

sold

he

them

sell his
A

157.
for

$500,

them

how

as

so

much
158.

merchant
sb

as

to

gain

21

quantity
per

of

cent,

bought

and

$43

paid
gain

did

of 12

he
a

for

24

cent,

quantity

of books

cent

Bought

book,

$734,
did

much

$888,14.

cost

made

for
;

$64,

what

but

did

price

oi

vjVv\c\i

nn^s

for

$673,32.

Ans.

for

the

Ans.

tbe

acres.

for

whole

the

on

cost?

J39.

given

540

for how

was

sterling.

quantity of goods at Boston

their transportation, he sold

per
sell them

per

acre.

be

Ans.

merchant

to

goods

goods?

Bought

discount

bought

foot.

per

must
$*?50 per acre,
at
$3,75 per acre?

Ans.
1 56.

sterling

per

18,

for

1824

$519,453

Equal

was

for ?

feet

33865

advance

for

Orleans

in New

paid

was

the

when

bill drawn

$403840,12^,
be

$984,37^

bill ?

of the
Ans.

153.

remits

Baltimore

on.

amount

of

to

he

this

cotton,

Require

due

$500

per

$3093,"-6.

Ans.

of

llf

feet

62

wide,

inches

per

$1158,32.

land

of

lot

feet T

22

$3,26

at

Ans.
cost

loss.

$1141,50

amount]

Required

151.

bill

1
^

150.

are

cost

there

was

Ans.

to

length,

how

thick,

feet

18

in

miles

1200

high, and

Suppose

149.

gain

miX9ewE^,

poBi

aim"Tif"r8

cash

books

$56,32.
marked

$4,50,

for

but

discount

cent,

160.

what

for

cent

per

the

for
;

how

cash

bought

$42

will

bookseller

is the

merchant

gallons

120
15

cash

how

much

of

much

molasses,
he

merchant

ibr

pounds,

740

gain

25

months

sell

per

interest,

at

What

is the

of $487,003

interest

for

is the

of $8,50

interest

for

months,

18

What

is the

of $1000

interest

7 months

for

days

is the

166.

interest

for

50

for

cents

$,297^.
?

83^

$,

Ans.
What

10

days,

What

is the

cent.

at

per
What

168.

and

inonths

What

169.

and

years

15

interest

days,

at

months,

$154,01

interest

amount

$150

to

without

the

owe

interest;
of the

use

$475,50,

man

is the

what

being

money

paid

in

and

yeara

is the

What

discounting

months,

debt,

that

$440,

$1000

the

at

months^

16

cent

per

of

worth

present

^18032.

will, in 2

of

Ans.
171.

277+.

payable
of 6

rate

^ud

nierchant
them

sold

for

articles

bought

did

what

$575,

to

he

the

gain

Ans.
A

173.

"old it

at

merchant

$4,25

per

cloth

bought
how

yard,

at

niuch

$3,50
did

he
Ans.

174.

for

man

bought

$'i83,50, and

cask

sold

of

it out

15

per

per

the

rate

of

cent.

yard, and

If
vyine, containing
at

1500,

gain per
2

cent.

per

$800.

of

amount

in
cent

per

Ans,
172.

years,

$130,434+.

worth

present
worth.

be

to

cent.,

per

Ans.
170.

and

Ans.
at

ctSi

$7.48^^.

for

cent

per
at

put

of

30

months
Ans.

the

sum,

for

$84,25

is

of

interest

cts.

^ears
Ans.

167.

at

$43,83+.

Ans.
165.

for

$6, 178+,

Ans

What

164.

cts.

$71,02

Ans.

cent]

per

$^10

of

cent.,

per

days ?

12

163.

sugar

he

17

$^404*
containing
pound to
last

Ans.

is the

What

162.

of

must

the

to

cent

per

cask

how

containing
it to gain

sell

bought
$59,20

per

$3,00,

1
Ans.

161.

33^

at

Ans.

must

gallon

per

price

cask

sell it

cent

percent,
126

%1^^

lons,
gal^^^

S86

-^GisiTioNs

gaUoii ; how mueh

per gallon and how

Aid

he

much

sxkRCfUlu

ran

gain

Ane.

gain $63

per

which

gain

$14

in

gain$6,

If $100

175.

is

In

will

time

what

$54,50,

at

20

177.

men

certain

bridge

in a freshet, it is
away
rebuild
it in 50 days ?

carried

can

If

178.

field will

it feed

win

built

men

width

horses

28

If

179.

field,

contain

to

field,16

feed

an

in

rods

rods

length,
much

how

acre,

length

in

contain

to

the

180.

yard wide,
If

181.

work

to

weeks.

be

rods

width

same

man

is

there

a
a

time

what

take

to

receive

for
whose

pipe

which

leak

in the

gallons in

would

cents

debt

it be

sink

in

ship

10

hours, it has

has

if

hours, now
leak, in what
15

185.
40

cistern

minutes

it in 5
186.

have need
former

to

of

favor

must

months.

30f
dollar

of the

which
a

they begin
it sink

$405.

cistern

the

but

lets oat

which

cistern

plied
sup-

empty,

hours

in

will fill it

to

so

pump

to

as

will

which

pump

minutes.

15

clear

it

when

Ans.

make

it

it in

begins

to

30 hours.

Ans.

I
me

lend
a

friend

like favor;

$300, how
1

what

do

much

so

Ans.

supposing

also

will

he

supplied by a pipe which will fill it in

bigness will fill
pipes of the same
many

Suppose

promised

long

yards.

is

; how

minutes

filled 1

leak

time

Ans.

capacity is 400 gallons,is

lets in
7
gallons in 5 minutes,

bottom

of

must

worth

the

on

Ans.
184.

how

being

not

75

the

minutes,

but

rods.

10

plaidf

Ans.

$450,

cistern,

by

in 5 months,

$460

$75

earn

agrees

of

yards

12

be

must

booking, 1^ yards wide,

much

owes

must

183*

money,

cloak

in

it ?

earn

182.

sum

how

line

to

nave

for

purchase

long

Ans.

If I

men.

how

Ans.
must

in

it

many

24

weeks,

20

but

60

Ans.
8

gain

8 months.

days,
required how

harse"

in

months.

cent.,

Ans.

$2S,18 1

being

24

per

it

will

time

Ans.

176.

gallon $, 50,
22^ per cent.

in what

months,

12

mnch

how

cent

per
whoJe

whole

the

on

long

may

$500
some

keep

for

afterward

time
it

months,

to

balance

Kxi%,

^\

8.
he
I
the

xcL^cstfOoa

"U

187.

Suppose

ESTIONS

sufficient
the

that

depart,

soldiers

800

for

in

were

months;

2SS9

EXifiRClSS.

FOR

prorisions may

garrison with

how

iaany
them

serve

visions
pro-

soldiers

must

months

Ans.

If

188.

IB

of

value

the

6 times

worth

be

horse

my

which

among

than

more

and

saddle, pray

my

of

beef

others;

#3,50

at

whereof

how

much

must

Bought

added

be

must

ivater

gallons of

126

reduce

to

fipst

the

?
per gallon

his

thief

191.

at

way

having

the

on

In

192.

at

will

he

before

$143,50.

of

^ plums,

20^ gallons.

the

an

officer

hour;
Ans.

12

them

contain
Ans.

above

The

Position,

called

rule

the

and

example

others
but

are

they

are

ing
press-

long
hours.

bear

and

peaches,

orchard

the

cents

officer,holds
how

-Jof

trees,

of them

60

does

trees

many

fruit

75

Ans.
the

miles

much

to

of

hour

an

how

cost

thief 1

the

orchard

an

start

of 8

rate

overtake

i pears,
how

the

miles

miles

of 6

rate

aflrer him

24

no

pay?

$110,

for

rum

1^72.

worth

are

my
whtO:

bal-rel,

per

Ans.
190.

480.

Ans.

barr^s,

16

of the

as

$84)

barrels

are

xvoarth

are

much

as

horse

my
45

Bought

189.

saddle

and

horse

ples,
apcherries;

40

?
1200

trees.

usually wrought by
more
easily solved

general principles.

on

; A

money
lost

and

193.

$200,

gained
and

business

commenced

had

then

equal

of

sums

equal to ^ of his stock, but

it, what
as
was
only half as much

sum

with

Ans.
$500.
original stock of each ?
194.
By Ferguson's tables of specific gravities a cubic
inch
of pump
water
on
weighs 9,26 drams, and it is found
inches
of
of
cider
that
cubic
trial
231
a
weighs 10
gallon

the

and

ounces

drams

10

than

more

water

what

then

should

'

liquor in

the

barrel

of

31^ gallons weigh

Ans.
If the

gallon

common

purposes.
There
are

195.
there

are

divisions,
money

be

18
in

taken

chests

drawers,
each

is there

at

and

of

which

in the

whole

pounds

of

drawers,

in

each

is d"16
1

of

pounds.

2^4

it will

answer

each

of

in

these

6s,

there

8d. ; how

for

which
are

much

kx^a^-^ASl^^Si'

^30

aUE^^lONS

'

^^196. Bought
y9.rd,and
15

at

-^of it

sold

at

for $50"

cloth

10

loss ; what

cent,

per

of

piece

SXBftOlQ^

FOU

cents

gain, the

cent,
per
the loss

was

75

at

on

remainder

whole

the

piece ?
"1,25.

Ans.
bare

197.

pdi'ceived by

him

scuds

the

at
away
view
makes

on

long

will the

tUl

she

after,

has

and

rods

he

minutes,
14;J-

Ans.

who
was
possessed of
person
"fof his interest for o"375 ; what was the
'J
rate
199.

man

that
and

cents,

for

cents

ceived

hired

was

for every
for
every

his

day

how

worked

he

the

at

term

he

day

hoard;

$27,50,

for

he

should

expiratitm
did

days

many

he

days

per

and

each

acre,

purchased 1200
paying $("00.

on

viewing it,offers
per

to

acre

the

per

does

what

lot, and

rer

days.

40
at

lar
dol-

one

after, C

piece
what

is the

B's

part

roods,

on

$1,75

at

which

to

have,

25

time

advance,

his

75

pay
time, he

the

square

will each

acres

many
side of C's

certain

of

amount

how

of each

take

to

Some

ditions,
con-

receive

of land

acres

that

should

work

dei50O.

Ans.
200.

rods

at

Ans
50

how

vessel, sold

of

dog

tbe;dog

ship worth

of

she

570

run

idle he

was

will

of

not

the

minute

will

198.

and

distance

what

is

.minutes

minute,

of 40

rate

1^

up

but

hound,

been

rods

the

at

hold

course

before

of ^6

rate

run

rods

12

starts

per

sents;
con-

length
him

cost

acre

Ans.

has

342

"

B's

land

acres,

85^7

'"

"

17-^rods.
22J"

Side

Bought

201.
.

sell it
for

what

pipe
the

to

And

thus

said

on

"
"

their

'Tis

flock you
If half your
give
1*11 have
just eighty-two.

*f,xNay,friend,'* the
**

Add

but

O/your
One

best

h und

third

how

other

me

replied,

soon

mine

to

sheep

way,

true,
to

-*lbeu

red twenty

I sball have
*

-mtie^

6|

in.
I

muft

sell the

Ans.

meeting

they

3 ft.

and

use,

cost

drovers

own

acre.

per

rods

for $4536

wi^e

for my

one

whole

X*vo

202.

save

cents

of C's =234

of

pipes

36

is 70

$129,60

rest

eta.

!^2

started

men

is

There

209.
3

roE

"HJBSTION8

miles

per

again

together

miles

goes

hour

; in

the

of

the

from

below

40

feet

from

the

centre

the

the

it on

and

ball

be

double

three

diameter

will

and

the

minutes

have

to

and

the

roof

it

strikes

rests

and

of

the

at

feet

30

and

for

of

one

the

whole

40

the

pressure

hold

apples,

B,
B

and

of

Required
apples, and

the

that

have
have

the

how

of

parcel

tlie

inches.

6,736

would

A's.

if

Required

op

would

but

upon

discovered

them

of

material

same

pounds.

B, laid

feet.

balls

plane,

been

36

they

many

49

were

voured
de-

were

"

105

90

minutes.

42

apples

devoured

corner

to

land

reach

round
could

"*

A.

B.

perches

36

horse

posts
he

by

**

"

yard containing

square

of the

one

was

fastened

was

the

enclosure.

graze?
1745,6

rods.

purchased a farm containing 450 acres

for which
they paid equally, A getting

and

ples,
apbad

required

time

Ans.

acre,

when

front

contiguous

horizontal

than

eaten

each

three

upon

by a line just long enough

Required what quantity of

$6per

only

Ans.

more

number

Suppose

leaden

(front)feet 14,142

120

upon

Ans.

215.

woman

front, but

heighth

C Time

enclosed,

in 12

horizontal

the

of

ball

B's

the

by

the

degrees,

45

the

devouring

apples

15

beer

drinking it
Ans.
20
days.
perpendicular front

strikes

the

hours.

10

in

be

of

increased

be

after

eating

214.

man

base

fixed

men,

minutes

eating

it lasted

together

cask'of

the

diameter,

of each
Two

eaten

home

thereof

exchanged

its

balls

213.

ball

diameter,

same

roof?

iron

An

the

drink

it ;

and

come

apex
from

Ans,
212.

hour,

they,

building with
an
angle of

Required

base.

of the

length

would

days

horizon

the

rolled

from

can

is from

man

many

roof

with

rolled

will

and

about

way

per

'

The

plane

wife

his

211.

ball

same

miles

time

what

and

man

days, but wh^n

80 days, how

makes

hour,

per

the

travel

to

ciroun^erence,

in

miles

20

Ans.

210.

alone

island

an

BX"R"18B.

at

the

QinSBTlOKS

the

part with
acre

than

B.

per

acre

price

POR

improvements
How

agreed
land

much

^S$

IfiZERClflB.

to

^1

pay

had

mote

and

each^

per
what

at

'8206+acre8

( A

$6,54+.

at

^^^'

\
Borrowed

216.

interest, and
interest.

A, B

men,

the

indigo, to

of

amount

cent.,

per

amount

sent

horrowed

Ans.

years.

30^

ship to Cuba,

$473344,

simple
compound

cent,

per

with

250

bought

cwt.

for his
paid $70 per cwt.
;
with
lost
storm
at sea,
a
they
part overboard,
A's proportional part cast
overboard
was
equal to the ^^
and
3f times the whole
quantity
part of the whole
cargo,
overboard
of A
cast
was
equal to 3 J times the whole
cargo
When
sold his remaining
and B.
to land, A
they came
part

qr. 22 lbs.,
but meeting

at

for $126

cwt.,

per

himself

found

and

cwt.,

per
besides

cent.,

$84

C,

and

5,54+.

"

"

at

money

again at
gain the

out

shall

When

Three

217.

it

lent

of

sum

243+

B's

advanced

charges

20
commodity
per cwt.,
What
the quantity he sold.
the charges whereof
voyage,

remaining
gained $7 per

did

each

amounted

to

$15750

A's

loss

Ans.-jB's

plums, B
on
^ more
E

which

catdhed
;

then
hands

shares
same.

they

it contained
shares

himself

the

conflict

and

by

up

hat, and
of

E,

to

work

left

the

this

other

they

three

called

of

sugar

laid hold
which

then

and

he

had,

lay perdue,

who

they all
got J, B^,
that

stock
of

went

D
;

J,
D

their

acquired,
f of it in equal
carried
off|^a piece of the
and agreed thattlv^
truce,

last

difficultyrecovered

with

of

shed

and

which
was

this

by

47231,25.

left, except

for

of what

of what

again, but
Upon

C's

down

equal

struck

in

equally picked

had

by

cwt.

90142,50.

'"

and

of

parcel

his hands,

all A

slyly

B, who,

kicked

of

it out

of

on

off with

ran

upon

for what
and

of

secured

wei'e

then

anew

scuffle,seized

afterwards

jointly set
B

in

per

part

$2497,50.

*'

(C's
lis. A,

10

lose

person

of

loser

the

and

his

the

out

8!34

qUES^IQNS

whole

of the

left

by A/S^t

How

much

them.

among

tion, remained

with

JBX1I9CI10B..

FO|l

first should
of the
of the

each

equally divided

be

prize, after
competitors

this

disttibu-

R*R

6335

219.

mad

by

met

was

whole

stock;

forced

of

raving
the

found

4000

Ned

him,

then

many

and

have

certain

number

B,,multiply the squareroot

number

will

Required

be

of

root

had

the

and

$180,

says

A,, multiply the

it will be ^150,

to

by mine,. and

dollars

your

number

the

of your

of dollars, says
A
dollars
by mine, and

of each

of dollars

^^^"\B'8
Laii

221.

but

c"50,
so

that

5s.

ell

per

clear

to

of

yard

rate

1 may

lot of muslin

proved

per

what

at

in

out

parts in

make

damaged,

it, and
I

must

the

by

6650

be

66500, but

by

days,
days. How
the

and

and

together can
together in

days

many

work

same

will

each

Ans.

on

done

the

of

work

in

10

in

to

person

LC

be

7fd,

lis.

form
per-

fAin I4f| day*.

223.

pait

alone

;,

I lost

^erfqrra a piece
B and
9 days, and
it take

I could

doing find
uhdamaged

so

sell the

whole

so

25.

nation
exami-

upon
that

Ans.
222.

of

Arje.575f|-.
A

square

and

have

left?

220.

the

his

tive
unluckily,posiof
what
he
^

required
by promise,,to
How

of

7J

afterwards,

j^^of

and

of

him,

from

home

return

him

him

lights on

remainder

his

from

took

,who

in

nuts,

left ; Smiling Dolly was,

what
he brought home.
nuts

boy
to

Tom,

|^of

of

Jack
had

having got

lad

"

"

'"

17^f
23/t

"

I would

either

dice,

or

plant
in the
in

the

10

acres

square

of

hop ground,

order,

as

the

quiucunx oxdex,

^a

numbei

which
4

must

stands

xJcia wx^oJ^^t

Qvza^novm

the three

just

feet

the

of the

to

plot

la^t

most

Ans^
.

bririgS'in14

of 40

carelessly

left:

in

o'clock

time

the

the

gallons, the pipe usually

minutes^ the tap discharges it at

tap,. and

the
will

from

flpw

to.

is solicitous
this

the

water

in

what

the

case

1
"

6 o'clock,

.Ana.

at

on

kpow

to

be

to

turned

accident,, in

main

the

these

finding

.5

at

Jelled after

be

be

to

water

servant

Now

minutes.

the

morning,

tub

more"

147

31

and

open,

continues

water

in

gallons in

shuts

running,

holds

gallons

ipediuni

1872

tub

water

lineally

set

will

zn^feiJther case?
224.

be

must

cases

many
than
the

order

lay the

botb

be
replants more
form
the
first,admitting
advantageous for the plantation

How

asunder.

for
C|ttin3d

in

binds/

nearest

235

kxcrcisb.

fob

48fff

minutes

sec.

..

C
and

it in

build

can

time

in

and

B,.C

A,

225.

and

days,

100.

all four

would

to

agree

days, B,

69

D,

build

build

in

and

and

house;

"

in

120

In

226;

mentiDaed

time

what

would

alone

house

each

i.

":.

."

.;

above

l^e

v.:

build

person

"^^^"iC

,-..

..

304+

^A

days, C, D
days, in. what

J days (nearly.)

67

and

it ?
Ans.

:.

87

A,

days;
''

.155+

Id

3563+1

*'

227.

merchant

piasters in Leghorn
chooses

remit

to

for 680
Flemish
cular

him

maravedieSj.

tt

at

54

following circuit
"?" sterling,thence
to

the

33

rix

thence
to

New

$s,
to

thence
Lisbon

York

at

to

at

Cadiz

to

Sjame

draw

can

at

thence

19

at

Amsterdam

and

directly

sterlingper

pence

for

1000

piaster,but he
piastersfor 7000

189

Flemish

pence

Liverpool at'9 pence

is gained by this cirsterling. What
What
of a piasterto him
is the value
1
Ans. gain 6628
14s., value
56-3,55.

in New

merchant

London

at

to

for S pence
remittance, and

228.

England

the

thence

maravedies,

in

to

York

orders

c3e500

sterling per
15
at
to
Hamburg
100
at
Copenhagen
pence

Bordeau
1 25

.$1^ per

francs
milree.

at

for

one

18

Dtd

to

sterling due
be
sent
by

marks

banco

marks

banco

rix

$ for

milrees,
\i^

and

per
for

francs,
thence

^"aiw QitVi^^\s^

'

236

aUBSTIONS

this

circular

of

and

remittance,

this remittance

by
A,

as

of the

cost

230"
which

the

cent,
per
watch

sold

pnifit.

pence.

$24, -and

gained
Required the

him.

cost

$, 69

Ans.

stationer

was

"r

watch

watch

the

of

value

quillsat $1,50
they became

When

thousand.
per
latter price ?

price to $2,25
he gain by the

d^

sold

as

t^ecurbitratedvaltte

wa"

gained,

he

gentleman

much

what

Ans.
229.

EXBEeiSH.

FOR

150

"225

thousand^i
much

of

raised

he

-scarce

How

$20.

cent,

per

100

37J

2"

225-

l,12i
100

fon

231.

perceived by
at

away

the

aft^r

till he

him

of

rate

him

yards befote

80

starts

the

at

has

miles

rate

to

fox

the

conditions

in

run

45

has

hound

the

yards

80

of the

seconds,

thus

and

fox, and

must

we

sues
purhow

In

hour.

per
overtake
the

start,

hound

the

miles

question, how

see

according

yards

many

how

he

has

_20

^4

18

not

seconds, he scuds

45

up

is

and

hound,

hour,

an

of

seconds
will the
many
far wiH
run?
each have
The

been

cent.

per

"2

"60

45"

"60

9"3"
'(

198
""11;

80

before

Advance
Let
will

us

now

the

ascertain

gaii^278 yards
XI

"22

hound

"44

and

starts

Ans,
the

the

Inbound

^^wycAa^

fea!"".

seconds
many
the /ox |.
overtake
278"

"9

11

stai-t.

278

in how

"1760
"3

22

1760"

139

60"

2"

60"

20"

\ ^^"=i^%^

ainssnoifs

for

Pinally,we have to ascertain

has
in GS^j seconds.
run
-^5"20

how

"11

695"

"60

18"

"60

1760"

I
556

The

fox

had

wall

4^^inches

the'

start.

the

fox

is to

J feet Ihipjc.

is

"

yards

476

232.

the

How

be

length, 4

3"
4

16"

Ans.
has

has

run.

run.

feet

bricks

many

feet

45

long,

high, and
brick

will it take, if each

2^ thick

broad, and

inches

hound

139

hound

builj: 80

yardd the

many

556

yards

80

237

szERCfisE.

20

80"
45"
5

"2

1728
2"

"9

"4
"5

I 345600
A

233.

wall

feet thick, has

broad
brick

and
in

of

80

been

inches
2-J-

inches

feet
built

in

round

other

end

in

of

feet

high

with

thick.

345600

bricks,

of

What

was

the

and

2^

4 inches

length of each

Suppose

times

Ans.

length, 45

I 9ea 4^ inches,

2
234.

bricks,

a
one

wheel

minute,

its shaft, which

of

45

Ans.

feet diameter,

having

Tuna

similar
^

wheel

N"\ifc^

10

turns

owtk^^

^^"^

238

sxnesiii.

jH^EflTiQNSFOB

diametefi
which

in

runs

shaft

with

sbaft

whoso

on

wheel

of 5 feet

wheel

of

feet

often^will

How
in

round

turn

feet

15

the

cent,

the

sum

was

purchased

Two

236.

and

to

money

they

when

took

out

end

he iinds

it

I would

4 months

flour, viz.

at

$6,25

96,80

and

on

bought
and,
bble

on

at

the
43

bbls.
the

on

bbls,

at

30
on

at

50

bought

on

bought

5th
he

25th

18th,
$6, and

he

$5,50

sold

$5,80
24th

at

and
he

on

\ie BoVd

sary
neces-

finds

know

how

1
$2400.

following

bbls.

at

16th

he

$5,75
sold

lots

of

per

bbl.;

65

bbls.

at

bought

on

30

bbls.

$6,60;

at

15th

$5,60

vances
ad-

5th
$6^75; June
19th, 19 bbls.
on^the

bbls.

68

the

bbls.

10
;

August

bbls.

cash

for

$5,60;

at

17th

on

sold

he-

1st

bbls.

bought16

he
at

; Jan.

20

15th,

on

and

bought

whole

the

Ans.
237.

certain

business, and

their

df

out

months

continues

$1333^,

per
be inserted

to

takes

continue

close

and

the

at

and

more,

be

know
I would
;
Ans.
$20000.

of 5 months

end

chased
purwith

vances
together ; B admonths,
being* pressed

he

to

at the

gained $1066f
B

much

of

demand,

$3000

longer,

has

he

Ans.

trade

C,

and

end

the

at

and

in

put

months

remainder

the

$2500,
to

per ininute

times

his money,
for
$22145

given

answer

leaving

Bum,

feet

of 3 feet diameter,

of

use

merchants,

$5000,
for

the

which

note,

for

annum

per

of

one

wheel,

last

holding

on

interest.

cent,

into

runs

in

mns

shaft

has

to
Calcutta,
preparing for a voyage
G
specie dollars to be paid in 18 months
Supposing the premium on the dollars to
and
that G would
have
a
compensation of

A,

in the

which

has.

I 33*75

of

per

which

diameter,

also

diameter,

/'
235.

feet

30

diameter,

minute

one

of

wheel

diameter, which
diameter, which

12ft3et

diameter.

of

wheel

of

wheel

is

he

sold

5th

at

Sept.
10

Oct.

bbls.
he

$6,50,
12th

$6,

at

bought

2Ci \i\"\^.^\.%^,\^V

he

15

'^'^'w

.^

240

sions,Asc, in

supplied by

and

finished,0

was

be

to

was

of

8 baskets

equal

laid down

by

B.

by

three

shared

StCfROt^lk

IPOA

^etfVMKS

$12,64
and

division of it,they referred it

werd
cost, five of which
the entertainment
When

for

his part, which

disagreeingin the

cts.

B;
to D,

but

awarded

who

each

to

of his decision by stating

his part, and provide,
the justness'
il;in an account.
?
to each
Hequked, the aiQOunt awarded
i A

A^"

$11,06

^^^'tB
; 242". A
C

in trade,owed
person, failing
$400, to D $350 ; and his property
33

J^yards Broadcloth,

57|

"

136|

"

"

Ji29f
-58

"254
5

lbs.
'"

$5,75

worth

Cassimere,
Linen,

"

Flannel,

**

$100,

,09

"

5^:75

$200,

y^rd.

cts. per

"

"

*"

,38
1,20

"

"

of

consisted

,86

"

bbls. Flour,

1,58

2,46

"

Tea,
Sugar,

to

cts.

per

lb.
"

perbbl.,

The commission
assignedfor benefit of his creditors.
the
of
sale
the
at
was
valu^,
on
goods,
apprai"ed
the assignee'sbill $43,50 cts.; on
ex*
at 2 J per";ent., and
the creditors
and
to
hibitingtheir statement
paying the
much
there
was
i^ividends, how
paid to each, and : how
which

much

was

did he

pay

the

on

m
'

dollar

^
J

Ans.s

cts.")

To

$57,14

"

1 1 4,89 CIS.

1 57i

cts.

on

"

c; 228,57

"

200,00

cts.

cts.

w,

"^
*

the dollar.

*v

JSBEATA.

21,

kt

''

25,

6th

**

66,

23d

"

67,

7th

Page

line, for
line

17

read

19.

for

from

the

bottom,

line

from

the

top, read

line

from

the

bottom,

read

36,000
instead

of

36,900.

+"
,

read

instead

-f-.

of

^'

69,

and

11th

These

them.
of
"

63,

4th

"*

64,

for

**

67,

""

**

line

the

from

read

the

line

from

**

72,

4ih

line

from

"*

73,

5ih

Example,

74,

34

""

"

"c

II

line

80, 2d
2d

89,

123d
3d
6ih

115,

Ist

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126,

2d

*'

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'*

"

of

top,

at

thei)0tU)m

line

line

from

'207,

31st

Ex.

9th

10th

line

from

01,

yards

|- of
for

"

the

cost.

cargo.

96"

1210"

bottom,

instead

Tret

and
instead

instead.
of

top, instead

of

3,

12,1"
3 read

of

lead

26,876,
of

2d

line, for 2qr.

of

746.

ate.

"

01,

335.

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9660".

y^".

jread

Tare

read

60"

arid 840

line, instead
the

|..

read

the

read

XXX,

top,

3".

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read

from

3.

"

read

4^

Example,

6ih

3 read

"

read

read

2d

Solution,

read

top,

the

lineof

i3,

49".

belongs

page

for

for

top,

the

11th

233,

iuste"d

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at

o^

^.

l^ottoai, for

read'

201,

212,

read
this

on

the

from

line

106,

153,3d

live

1^.

bottom,

Example,

"

"

multiplication,

read

49

read

j^

for

the

from

line

106,

the

from

line

84,

of

all

67.

page

3d

**

read

top,

signs

top, for

Example

27th

71,

"

the

X.

Example,

of
'*

all

arid

line, An8.,#T

8th

from

addition.

67, 26th
66,

lines

12th

read

1 qn

0".

(B.

26,776.

335,

r"

read