(Collected from examiners report)

1
(a) Almost all answers included a reference to force distance. However, many did not
make it clear that distance is the distance moved by the point of application of the force
in the direction of the line of action of the force. Attempts to describe the concept of work
without using a formula were often similarly imprecise and many implied that work is a
force.
(b)(i) Descriptions were frequently muddled and rarely developed the ideas of starting
from rest with an acceleration that decreases to zero, resulting in a constant terminal
speed until it hits the ground. Many answers dealt only with the terminal speed.
(ii) The most common representation of the variation of gravitational potential energy
was the inverse of the kinetic energy curve, showing the initial gravitational potential
energy equal to the final kinetic energy. Where candidates did realise that the
gravitational potential energy would decrease linearly, then most assumed the maximum
potential energy would equal the maximum kinetic energy. Very few started their straight
lines well above the point for maximum kinetic energy in order to reflect the energy
expended in doing work to overcome the air resistance opposing the motion.
2

(a)

(b)

(a)

(i) distance from a (fixed) point.................................................... M1

in a specified direction ............................................................. A1
(Allow 1 mark for distance in a given direction)
(ii) (displacement from start is zero if) car at its starting position B1
(i)1 v2 = u2 +2as
282 = 2 x a x 450 (use of component of 450 scores no marks) C1
a = 0.87 ms-2 .......................................................................... A1
(-1 for 1 sig. fig. but once only in the question)
(i)2 v = u + at or any appropriate equation
28 = 0.87t or appropriate substitution.................................... C1
t = 32 s ................................................................................... A1
(i)3 EK = mv2 ............................................................................. C1
= x 800 x 282
= 3.14 x 105 J................................................................... A1
(i)4 EP = mgh............................................................................... C1
= 800 x 9.8 x 450 sin5 .................................................... C1
= 3.07 x 105 J .................................................................. A1
(ii) power = energy/time ............................................................. C1
=(6.21 x 105)/32.2 ...................................................... C1
= 1.93 x 104 W ............................................................ A1
(power = Fv with F = mg sin scores no marks)
(iii) some work also done against friction forces........................ M1
location of frictional forces identified ................................. A1
(allow reasonable alternatives)

(i) EP = mgh

C1

[3]

[2]

[2]
[2]
[3]
[3]

[2]

= 0.602 9.8 0.086

= 0.51 J
(do not allow g = 10, m = 0.600 or answer 0.50 J)
(ii) v2 = (2gh =) 2 9.8 0.086 or (2 x 0.51)/0.602
v = 1.3 (m s-1)
(b)
(c)

(a)

(b)

A1

[2]

M1
A0

[1]

2 V = 602 1.3 (allow 600)

V = 390 m s-1

C1
A1

[2]

(i) EK = mv2
= 0.002 3902
= 152 J or 153 J or 150 J
(ii) EK not the same/changes
or EK before impact>EK after/EP after
M1
so must be inelastic collision
(allow 1 mark for bullet embeds itself in block etc.)

C1

(i) (p =) mv
(ii) EK = mv2
algebra leading to
EK = p2/2m
(i) p = 0.035 (4.5 + 3.5) OR a = (4.5 + 3.5)/0.14
= 0.28 N s
= 57.1 m s-2

B1
B1
M1
A0
C1

force = p/ t (= 0.28/0.14) OR

F = ma (= 0.035 x 575.1) (allow e.c.f.)

= 2.0 N
Note: candidate may add mg = 0.34 N to this answer,
deduct 1 mark upwards
(ii) loss = x 0.035 (4.52 3.52)
= 0.14 J
(No credit for 0.282/(2 x 0.035) = 1.12 J)
(c) e.g. plate (and Earth) gain momentum
i.e. discusses a 'system'
equal and opposite to the change for the ball
i.e. discusses force/momentum
so momentum is conserved
i.e. discusses consequence

A1

[2]

A1

[2]

C1
A1
B1
C1
A1

(a)

[4]
[2]

B1
M1
A1
Total

[3]

(i) distance = 2nr

(ii) work done = F x 2 nr (accept e.c.f.)

(b) total work done = 2 x F x 2nr

but torque T = 2Fr
hence work done = T x 2n
(c) power = work done/time (= 470 x 2 x 2400)/60)
= 1.2 x 105W

B1
B1

[2]

B1
B1
A0

[2]

A1
Total

[3]
[12]

[2]
[6]

(Collected from examiners report)

6
(a) Most answers included a mention of the product of force and distance. However,
only a minority made it clear that the distance is the distance through which the force
moves in the direction of the force.
(b) Candidates were expected to derive the expression, rather than quote it. Frequently,
there was confusion between height (above ground) and change in height. It was
pleasing to see that in some scripts, a clear link was made between work done against the
gravitational force and the resulting change in gravitational potential energy.

(a) v2 = 2gh
v2 = 2 9.8 1.6 C1
v = 5.6 ms-1 A1
(i) working leading to idea that h = 0.90 1.6
h = 1.44 m
(ii) mgh = mv2
v2 = 2 9.8 1.44
v = 5.3 ms-1

C1
A1

(c) p = m(v - u)
or
p = mv ..
m = 0.073 kg
p = 0.073 (5.6 + 5.3) .
= 0.80 Ns .
(d) steel plate (and Earth) ...
must gain momentum of 0.80 Ns ..
in downward direction ...
(idea of Earth/plate and ball as the system scores )

C1

(b)

C1
A1

C1
A1
B1
M1
A1

[2]

[4]

[4]
[3]

(Collected from examiners report)

8

(a) The vast majority of answers were correct.

(b) It was expected that candidates would make reference to the difference in hydrostatic
pressure between the lower and upper surfaces , resulting in a force in the upward
direction. Instead, many answers merely made reference to a displacement of liquid
giving rise to an upthrust.
(c) Part (i)1 presented very few difficulties. In part (i)2, many candidates lost some credit
becausethey substituted speed into the equation EP = mgh without any justification. In
part (ii), the majority answered the question in terms of the constant speed, rather than
discussing energy changes.
Answers: (c)(i) 3.6 10-6 J, (ii) 1.2 10-3 Js-1.