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Experimental and numerical studies of mode I,II, III and mixed-mode I-II energy release rate in laminates
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Summary
Introduction
Material
Properties
Samples
Experimental Procedure
Mode I
Mixed Mode I-II
Mode II
Mode III
Results
Experimental
Analytical
Conclusions
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Introduction
Lamination of composite structures is one of the most common
Mode I
Mode II
Mode III
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Introduction
In reality delamination can occurs with a sobreposition
a
L
Mode I
(DCB)
Mode II
(ENF)
Material
The material used was a UE400 REM GLASS UD PREPREG
from SEAL.
- epoxy resin ET443
- reinforced with unidirectional E glass fibers
(kg/m3)
E (GPa)
V (%)
E Glass fiber
2600
74
0.25
58
1200
4.5
0.4
42
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1 - Lay-up
3 - Final Sample
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Lamina properties
Properties obtained through the tensile test and Incineration
Tests
EL [GPa]
ET [GPa]
GLT [GPa]
LT
Vf [%]
[024]
Mode I
Mode II
Mixed Mode I-II
43.94
16.71
3.58
0.30
58
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
Mode III
43.42
9.00
4.40
0.25
56
Incineration
Tensile test
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Sample
Test
Lay-up
UD_V_01_1
Mode I
[024]
UD_V_01_2
Mode I
[024]
UD_V_01_3
Mode II
[024]
UD_V_01_4
Mode I-II
[024]
UD_V_01_5
Mode II
[024]
UD_V_01_6
Mode I-II
[024]
UD_V_01_7
Mode I-II
[024]
UD_V_01_8
Mode I-II
[024]
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Samples
Tests
Lay-up
UD_V_04_8B
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_8C
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_15A
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_15C
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_19A
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_19C
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_23B
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
UD_V_04_23C
Mode III
[0/(45)3/( 45)3/90]s
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Mode I (DCB)
DCB Double Cantilever Beam
Standard D5528-01 ASTM
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Lever
Roller
Tab
base
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Mode II (ENF)
ENF End notch flexure
No standardization
Use of standard D6671-01 ASTM (Mixed Mode I-II) with c=0
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No standardization
Based on Lee (1993) Loading Pin
Specimen
Specimen
Support Pins
Guide Pins
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Experimental Procedure
An Instron 5544 with a load cell of 2kN was used, with
software Merlin.
The samples were loaded continuously in displacement
control with a rate of 0.5mm/min.
The Load-displacement plot was recorded during the test.
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140
140
120
120
160
100
80
60
40
100
80
60
40
20
20
0
0
12
15
10
12
Dispalcement [mm]
Displacement [mm]
-900
-700
-500
-300
-100
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
Displacement [mm]
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-280
-250
-230
-200
Aplied Load [N]
-180
-130
-80
-150
-100
-50
-30
0
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-11
-1
-3
Displacement [mm]
-5
-7
-9
-11
Displacement [mm]
-2500
-400
-2000
-300
-350
-250
-200
-150
-100
-1500
-1000
-500
-50
0
0.0
0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
Displacement [mm]
-8.0
-10.0
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-11
Displacement [mm]
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Mode II ENF
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1.40
1.60
1.20
1.40
1.00
1.20
1.00
0.80
G [J/mm 2]
GI
G [J/mm ]
0.60
GII
0.40
GIII
0.80
GI
GII
0.60
GIII
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
x/L
0.6
0.8
x/L
6.0
0.50
5.0
0.40
4.0
G [J/mm 2] 0.30
G [J/mm2] 3.0
0.20
GI
GII
2.0
GI
GIII
GII
0.10
Support Point
Load Point
1.0
GIII
0.0
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
x/L
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x/L
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1.2
0.8
GI [J/mm2]
0.6
Experimental MBT
Experimental CC
Experimental MCC
Beam Theory MBT
Beam Theory CC
Beam Theory MCC
VCCT
0.4
0.2
0
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
a [mm]
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G [J/mm2]
1.0
0.8
0.6
Experimental
0.4
0.2
Beam Theory
VCCT
0.0
20
30
40
50
60
70
a [mm]
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1.6
Beam Theory
1.4
VCCT
1.2
1.0
2
Gc [J/mm ] 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
a [mm]
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2.0
1.8
1.6
Gc [J/mm]
1.4
1.2
Experimental
1.0
Beam theory
0.8
VCCT
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
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4.0
G [J/mm2] 3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
a [mm]
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G [J/mm2]
GI VCCT
GII VCCT
GIII VCCT
1.5
1
0.5
0
4
3.5
G [J/mm2]
GI Exp
2.5
GII Exp
GIII Exp
1.5
1
0.5
0
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Conclusions
An analytical and experimental investigation was carried out on
mixed mode I-II are very close to the Finite Element using either
Beam Theory and VCCT.
Using ECT test it can be obtained pure mode III at the middle of
THANK YOU
Rosa Marat-Mendes wishes to thank the support from the FCT (Fundao
para a Cincia e Tecnologia) for the PhD grant no. SFRH/BD/25561/2005.
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