Homework.

Name: Milena Guacho

Course: 1ro de bach B
Date: 31/03/2016

History of means of transport.

Vehicles: The dimension of vehicles, its capacity and type are some of the factors, which influence the selection of
a transport system for movement of goods from one place to the other. In sea transport, the size, speed and type of
ship to be used are very important. For road transport, capacity, moving dimensions, and speed of the vehicle are of
great significance. In case of rail transport the existing railway line capacity, type and general availability of wagons
are to be considered. The capacity of vehicles and their sectional speed determine the throughput on a particular
section. With saturated sectional capacity, introduction of vehicles tends to reduce their speed and therefore the total
through put. Preference of vehicles depends on factors like cost, speed and time of travel. The cost of a vehicle is the
resultant of many different internal and external factors, which are highly inter-related. The advantage of vehicle
over the other is measured in terms of safety, speed and time of travel.

Routes: Routes play an important role in movement of carriers from one point to another point. It may be surface
roads, navigable waterways and roadways. Availability of well-designed and planned routes without any obstacle for
movement of transport vehicles in specific routes, is a vital necessity for smooth flow of traffic. The routes for water
and air transport are basically gifts of the nature whereas its not true for land transport. Route is an important
determinant of effectiveness of various modes of transport. It determines the speed, cost, and capacity of
transportation. The routes must have adequate capacity to absorb traffic demand. Over congestion of routes may lead
to higher maintenance cost, accident and ultimately lead to delay in transportation. Unless the existing capacity is
increased, there may be adverse effect on the movement of various mode of traffic.

Terminal Facilities: - The objective of transportation cant be fulfilled unless proper facilities are available for
loading and unloading of goods or entry and exit of passengers from carrier. Terminal facilities are to be provided for
loading and unloading of trucks, wagons etc on a continuous basis. Transportation of heavy and bulk cargoes
depends on the loading and unloading facilities available at terminals. These facilities also affect the cost of
transportation. If these facilities are provided then the cost of transportation can be minimized. Beside these things
adequate storage space, loading and unloading facilities, sufficient number of marshalling yards and weighing
equipment must be available in these terminals.

 Prime Mover: - the power utilized for moving of vehicles for transportation of cargo from one place to another is
another important aspect of the total movement system. In railways, diesel engines are required for shunt and
marshalling of wagons within the marshalling yards. Suitable designing of conveyors and mechanical loaders can
reduce the manual labour in case of coal, cement, aluminum and other goods etc.

Transit time and cost: - Transportation involve time and cost. The time element is a valid factor for determining the
effectiveness of a particular mode of transport. The transit time of available system of transportation largely
determines production and consumption pattern of perishable goods in an economy. The relative locations of a plant
and the customers or suppliers determine largely the transit time for the raw materials, spare parts and finished
goods. The transit time of transportation could be viewed from the following angles:
1. Normal transit time under normal conditions.
2. --------------------------------Abnormal conditions.
3. Optimal transit time.
4. Desirable transit time.
Considering the time element, the air transport has been proved as a superior mode of transport as compared to road
and water transport. To avoid delays the customers often choose air transport as a means of transport, which is
definitely costly for them. Further, cost is an essential element of transporting goods from one place to another. Cost
is influenced by other elements like capacity of carriers, terminal facilities, time etc.
Cargo: - Transportation basically involves movement of cargo from one place to another. Hence, nature and size of
cargo constitute the basis of any goods transport system. The nature of product handled, their packing and other
specialized requirements influence transport.

Elements of transport

The movement of goods or passenger traffic, through rail, sea, air or road transport requires adequate infrastructure
facilities for the free flow from the place of origin to the place of destination. Irrespective of modes, every transport
system has some common elements

a) Vehicle or carrier to carry passenger or goods

b) Route or path for movement of carriers
c) Terminal facilities for loading and unloading of goods and passengers from carriers
d) Prime Mover
e) Transit time and cost
f) Cargo: These elements influence the effectiveness of different modes of transport and their utility to users.

CLASSIFICATION OF MEANS OF TRANSPORT.

Classification of Transport:- The modes of transportation is classified into following categories:Land Transport: Human portage
Animal Transport
Motor and truck Transport
Railway Transport
Pipeline Transport
Air Transport:Water Transport: Inland Water Transport
Ocean Transport

REFERENCIAS:
http://dobato.blogspot.com/2006/03/classification-of-transport.html