The PE360 Unit Exam 1

Chapters 13, 5

Tentative Exam Format: (100 points total)

25 Multiple-Choice (2 points each = 50 points)
15 True/False (1 point each = 15 points)
5 Fill-in-the-Blank (1 point each = 5 points)
3-4 Short Answer (Various points each = 15 -20 points)
2-3 Matching (Various points each = 10- 15 points)

Possible questions may be related, but not limited to limited to . . .

What are the components of a skeletal muscle cell?

What are the components of a sarcomere?

Z-disks (attaches to actin), I-band (light zone)(contains only actin), A-band(dark zone)
(contains myosin and actin), H-zone(only myosin),M-line(the middle of the sarcomere,
point toward which concentration moves)

What is a motor units? the size principle?

A single motor nerve and all of the muscle fibers it innervated
The greater the force needed the greater the recruitment of motor unit. The order of
recruitment of motor units is directly related to size, smallest MU will be recruited
first

What is the sliding filament theory; cross-bridge cycling?

What are the functional units of skeletal muscle and the neuromuscular
system?

What are the characteristics of the different muscle fiber types?

Type 1- Slow twitch, oxidative capacity (aerobic), has a blood supply, good for low
intensity high endurance activity.ONE SLOW RED OX
Type 2x-high glycolytic capacity, Low blood supply (low oxygen supply, low fatigue
resistance, low endurance, Two fast white sugars

What are the different muscle actions?

-concentric (muscle shortens (dynamic) muscle tension/force at the joint is more than
the resistance at the joint.
-isometric (muscle length unchanged, muscle/force at the joint is the same as the
resistance at the joint)
Eccentric (muscle lengthens, muscle/tension at the joint is less than the resistance at
the joint)

What are the characteristics of CHOs, Fats, and Proteins?

Converted to Glucose (blood sugar), [Glucagon (stored sugar) liver, muscles],
GlycogenglucoseATP, 4.1 kcal/g of energy, glycogen stores are limited and can be
depleted or filled.
Dietary fat is stored as triglycerides, broken down to free fatty acid for energy (FFA),
TGFFAATP, 9.4 kcal/g of energy.
Protein can be a minor source of energy, must be converted to glucose
(GLUCONEOGENSIS), PROTEINglucoseATP, 4.1 kcal/g of energy, 5-10% of energy.

What are enzymes? ATP?

Enzymes (ATPase)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) (the source of energy for body function)

What are the characteristics of the 3 energy systems?

ATP-PCr System-occurs in the cytoplasm, cells store small amounts of
phosphocreatine. Cells only have limited PCr, sustain energy release for 3-15s of
maximal exercise
Glycolytic system-occurs in cytoplasm, 10-12 steps, anaerobic glycolysis requires no
O2, can provide energy for 2 mins of high intensity activity.
Oxidative system-the most complex of the 3 systems, requires oxygen to operate,
occurs in the mitochondria, produces high amounts of ATP(slow process, inefficient
for high intensity exercises, ideal for low intensity exercises

What are the 3 components/processes of the Oxidative system?

1. Aerobic (slow) glycolysis, 2.Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport chain.

What are the similarities and differences between Anaerobic and Aerobic?

What determines which energy system is predominantly used for energy

production?

What is the Energy Continuum?

What are the characteristics of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Raises HR and strength of heart contractions, raises blood pressure, and raises blood
flow to heart and active muscle, glucose release from the liver.

What is the Anticipatory Response?

What are the characteristics of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Housekeeping actions digestion, urination, energy conservation.is more active when
a person is at rest.

What is a Motor Reflex?

What is a Muscle Spindle? What does it do?

What is the GTO? (Hint: its not a ultra-cool 60s muscle car) What does it do?
Results in relaxation of the active muscle, lowers the risk of muscle injury

What are the differences/similarities of Direct and Indirect Calorimetry?

Direct calormetry-measures the bodys heat production to estimate energy
expenditure.
Indirect calormetry- measures the exchange of CO2 and O2, respiratory exchange
ratio RER=VCO2/VO2,

What is the Respiratory Exchange Ratio? What does it tell us?

What is the Resting Metabolic Rate?

Similar to BMR but easier, doesnt require stringent standardized conditions,

What is VO2max? How is it related to health? How is related to performance?

The maximal amount for O2 consumption by the body during maximal exertion,

What is the oxygen deficit? What is EPOC?

O2 supply does not meet the O2 demand.
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

What is the Lactate Threshold? How is it related to performance?

The point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate substantially above resting
levels. It is a percent of the VO2 max

What is Economy of Effort? How is it related to performance?

Potential for high performance, the energy demands at a given pace are low as a
PERSON BECOMES MORE Skillful,

What is Fatigue? What causes fatigue?

Inability to maintain required power output to continue muscular work at given
intensity.
A depletion of PCr and glycogen leading to lower ATP.