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Sulphur
B.
Oxygen
C.
Carbon
D.
Hydrogen
2.
Medium for chemical reactions in cell
Maintains osmotic pressure
Which compound has the characteristics listed above ?
3.
4.
5.
A.
Lipid
B.
Water
C.
Enzyme
D.
Protein
B.
C.
D.
B.
C.
D.
Carbohydrate
4-1
II.
Nucleic acids
III.
Cellulose
IV.
Proteins
I and II only
B.
II and IV only
C.
D.
I, II and IV only
7.
8.
9.
10.
Starch is made of
A.
Glucose
B.
Sucrose
C.
D.
Regulates metabolism
B.
C.
D.
Releases energy
Sucrose
B.
Fructose
C.
Lactose
D.
Maltose
Glucose + fructose
B.
Glucose + galactose
C.
Fructose + galactose
D.
Glucose + glucose
Glycerol
B.
Nucleotide
4-2
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C.
Polysaccharide
D.
Simple sugar
glycogen
B.
starch
C.
glucose
D.
cellulose
glucose
B.
glycogen
C.
lactose
D.
starch
C2H10O11
B.
C6H12O6
C.
C12H22O11
D.
(C6H12O6)n
Glucose
II.
Fructose
III.
Sucrose
IV.
Lactose
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
Carbon
II.
Hydrogen
III.
Nitrogen
4-3
16.
IV.
Oxygen
A.
B.
I, II and IV only
C.
D.
Glycogen
II.
Starch
III.
Cellulose
IV.
Galactose
A.
B.
I, II and IV only
C.
D.
18.
19.
Protein is made up of
A.
fatty acids
B.
amino acids
C.
nucleic acids
D.
mineral salts
Haemoglobin is an example of a
A.
B.
C.
D.
polypeptide
B.
polynucleotide
C.
polysaccharide
D.
polyribosome
4-4
20.
21.
22.
23.
condensation
B.
heating
C.
acids addition
D.
hydrolysis
What is the type of protein structure that both enzymes and hormones have ?
A.
Primary
B.
Secondary
C.
Tertiary
D.
Quaternary
The process when two amino acids are joined together is called
A.
hydrolysis
B.
deamination
C.
condensation
D.
synthesis
4-5
DIAGRAM 4.1
Which protein structure do X, Y and Z belong to?
24.
25.
26.
A.
X
Tertiary
Y
Quaternary
Z
Primary
B.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
C.
Secondary
Primary
Quaternary
D.
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
II.
Enzyme production
III.
IV.
Energy production
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
Carbon
II.
Nitrogen
III.
Sulphur
IV.
Phosphorus
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
Which of the following statements are true about essential amino acids?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
A.
I and II only
4-6
B.
C.
I, II and IV only
D.
28.
30.
31.
B.
C.
D.
One
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
Four
B.
C.
D.
Steroids
II.
Triglycerides
III.
Oils
IV.
Waxes
A.
I and II only
B.
4-7
32.
33.
C.
D.
Saturated fats
I.
contains fatty acids which do not have double bonds between the carbons.
II.
Contain fatty acids with double bonds between the carbon atoms.
III.
IV.
A.
I and IV only
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not true about the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
34.
Saturated fat
Of animal origin
Usually in solid form or almost solid at
Unsaturated fat
Of vegetable origin
Usually in liquid form at room
room temperature
temperature
They are found in most vegetable
DIAGRAM 4.2
The part labelled Q represents
A.
phosphate
B.
glycerol
C.
fatty acids
D.
amino acids
4-8
35.
Lipid is needed to form P while cellulose is needed to form Q. What are P and Q ?
Compound P
Compound Q
A.
Protoplasm
Cell wall
B.
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
C.
Cell wall
Protoplasm
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
37.
38.
carbohydrate
B.
proteins
C.
lipids
D.
dietary fibres
B.
C.
Sensitive to changes in pH
D.
Diagram 4.3 shows a stained shirt being washed by detergent containing pepsin at
20oC. The result was obtained after 1 hour interval.
After 1 hour
DIAGRAM 4.3
The shirt of the same material was repeatedly washed at 37oC. Which of the following shows the
result after 1 hour?
B.
4-9
A
D.
B
39.
40.
41.
B.
C.
D.
B.
Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyses.
C.
D.
Golgi apparatus
B.
Mitochondrion
C.
Chloroplast
D.
42.
Which of the following is correct about the types of enzymes produced for P and Q?
P
4-10
Intracellular
Extracellular
Extracellular
Intracellular
Intracellular
Intracellular
Extracellular
Extracellular
43.
cellulase
B.
protease
C.
zymase
D.
amylase
DIAGRAM 4.4
44.
Diagram 4.4 shows the mechanism of enzyme action. Which property of enzyme is shown in the
diagram?
(1)
A.
B.
C.
D.
4-11
DIAGRAM 4.4
(a)
[3 marks]
(b)
[3 marks]
(c)
Structure P can be broken down into a simpler form by a process. What is the
process involved?
[1 mark]
(d)
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]
(e)
Sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides that can be formed from condensation of
monosaccharide. What are the monosaccharide that form
Sucrose :
Lactose :
[2 marks]
4-12
(f)
Briefly describe how to test for the presence of reducing sugar in an unknown sample of food.
[1 mark]
2.
Diagram 4.5 shows the organelle involved during the synthesis and secretion of protein in animal cell.
Y
X
Molecule P
DIAGRAM 4.5
(a)
[3 marks]
(b)
[2 marks]
(c)
4-13
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]
(d)
(i)
Proteins are made from amino acids, name two types of amino acids
involved.
[2 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
3.
4-14
DIAGRAM 4.6
(a)
[2 marks]
(b)
(i)
What is the chemical reaction P that takes place to form the bonds
between X and Y?
[1 mark]
(ii)
(c)
(i)
What is the structural difference between a phospholipid molecule and the lipid
molecule shown in the figure above?
[1 mark]
(ii)
(d)
[2 marks]
9ii)
4-15
[2 marks]
(e)
Explain why a daily intake of a diet rich in fats is bad for health.
[2 marks]
4.
Diagram 4.7 shows the organelles involved in the production of extracellular enzymes.
S
R
T
U
DIAGRAM 4.7
(a)
[2 marks]
(b)
(c)
Using an example and place produced, explain the term of extracellular enzyme.
4-16
[3 marks]
(d)
Based on the organelles shown in Diagram 4.7, explain how extracellular enzymes are
produced.
[3 marks]
(e)
DIAGRAM 4.8
Explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
Max : 3 marks]
4-17
5.
Diagram 4.9 shows a graph represent the effect of temperature on the rate reaction of
enzyme P.
Temperature (oC)
DIAGRAM 4.9
(a)
(b)
[max: 4 marks]
(c)
Enzymes are widely used in the household & industries. Explain how enzymes act in :
(i)
(i)
4-18
[4 marks]
(d)
State three factors besides temperature that affect the enzymes activity.
[3 marks]
Essay Items
Answer all questions
4.1 : Understanding The Chemical Composition Of The Cell
4.2 : Understanding Carbohydrate
4.3 : Understanding Protein
4.4 : Understanding Lipid
1.
There are several components in cells which form organic and inorganic
compounds. Organic compounds normally found in cells are carbohydrate,
proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Each compound plays an important role in
the cell.
4-19
(a)
Explain the importance of organic compounds like carbohydrate and protein in a cell.
[10 marks]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]
[8 marks]
(a)
(i)
What is an enzyme?
[2 marks]
(ii)
Explain the characteristics of enzymes from the lock and key hypothesis
(iii)
(b)
Enzymes can be extracted and separated from cells in order to be used. Explain how the
enzymes can be used in daily life and industry.
[10 marks ]
4-20