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Junior inter Botany

1 - 4 Chapters

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2 Marks Questions

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Q. What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living

organisms and growth in non-living objects?

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A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.

Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.

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Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials

outside.

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Q. Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and

catabolism?

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A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a
living organism.

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Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules

during chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process.

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Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a

destructive or lytic process.

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Q. What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?

A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca
and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and
indestructible silica.

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Q. How are viroids different from viruses?

A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
e.g.: Potato spindle tuber viroid. Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA)
whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.

Q. What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?

A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water
bodies are called algal blooms.
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The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea
water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean Sea.
Q. State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.

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Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.

Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.

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Q. Name the branches of Botany which deal with the chlorophyllous

autotrophic thallophytes and non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic
thallophytes.

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A: Phycology deals with algae (chlorophyllous autotrophic thallophytes).

Mycology deals with fungi (non-chlorophyllous heterotrophic thallophytes).

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Q. Which group of plants is called vascular cryptogams? Name the branch of

Botany which deals with them?

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A: Pteridophyta.

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Pteridology.

Q. Who discovered the cell and what was the book written by him?

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A: Robert Hooke.
Micrographia.

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Q. What is the basis of classification of algae?

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A: a) Pigmentation and
b) Type of food stored

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4 Marks Questions

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Q. Explain binomial nomenclature.

A: Binomial nomenclature is system of providing a name to living organisms with

two components.
It was first introduced by Gaspard Bauhin and popularized by Carolus Von
Linnaeus through his book, 'Species Plantarum'.

The scientific or biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics.
The ICBN (International code for Botanical Nomenclature) lays down
principles for naming the plants.

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In Binomial nomenclature every plant will have a name with two words. The
first word is 'genus' and the second 'species'.
Genus is a noun and always begins with a capital letter. Species is an
adjective and always begins with a small letter.

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Name of the author may be written after the specific epithet.

e.g.: Mango in binomial system is written as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera

is the genus and indica is the species.

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Q. Write the role of fungi in our daily life.

A: Fungi play both useful as well as harmful roles in our daily life.

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Some of the uses of fungi are:

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Fungi like yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) are used in preparation of bread

and beer.

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Fungi like Pencillium are used for preparation of antibiotics.

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Fungi are heterotrophic decomposers of the soil which are very important for
recycling of elements.

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Fungi like mushrooms, morels and truffles are good source of nutrients and
are used as food.

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Fungi like Neurospora are used in biochemical and genetic research.

Some fungi like Trichoderma are used in agriculture.

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(Note: At least two)

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Some of the harmful effects of fungi are:

They cause spoilage of food items and pickles.

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e.g.: Rhizopus (bread mold).

They cause diseases on plants like red rot in sugarcane, tikka disease in
groundnut etc.

Q. Explain in brief the scope of Botany in relation to agriculture, horticulture

and medicine.
A: Knowledge of botany leads to experiments in hybridization and genetic
engineering.

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Knowledge of plant breeding helps to develop hybrid varieties of rice, wheat,
sugarcane etc.
Mineral nutrition, plant hormones, seed dormancy, plant pathology etc. are
studied in botany and help in improving crops, and crop yields.

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A knowledge of plant pathology helps in identification, prevention and

eradication of plant diseases.

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Increasing the shelf-life of vegetables and leafy vegetables, artificial ripening

of fruits is possible with plant growth hormones.

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Botany helps in development of industries like cotton, paper, pharmacy, sugar

etc.

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Medicinal plants are used in human and animal healthcare.

Plant science is the basis for ayurvedic pharmacies.

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Writer: P. Uma Amareswari

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