W S

NE ABU
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Board of Intermediate Education

SY NE
LL W
AB
US

Jr. INTER CHEMISTRY

Model Paper (English Medium)
Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 60

SECTION-A
I.

(i) Very short answer type questions.

(ii) Answer ALL questions.
(iii) Each question carries TWO marks.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

(10 2 = 20)

Calculate the RMS speed of CO2 molecules at 27C.

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Give the biological importance of Na+ and K+ ions.

Why is diamond hard?

Why is Gypsum added to cement?

What is disproportionation reaction? Give one example.

What is allotropy? Name to crystalline allotropes of Carbon?

Calculate the pH of 0.05 M Ca(OH)2 Solution.

Which oxides cause acid rain? What is pH of acid rain?

Give two harmful effects caused by depletion of Ozone layer?

10. Write the IUPAC name of:

a) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2

b)

SECTION - B

II.

(i) Short answer type questions.

(ii) Answer any SIX questions.

(iii) Each question carries FOUR marks.

(6 4 = 24)

11. Balance the following redox equation in basic medium by ion-electron method
Cr(OH) + IO I + CrO2
3

12. Write any four important postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases.
13. State 1st, 2nd, 3rd laws of thermodynamics.

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14. Define Lechatlier's principle. What is the effect of
a) addition of N2
b) removal of NH3 on the equilibrium of
N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g)
2 NH3 (g)
15. What is hard water? How hardness of water removed by ion exchange method?
16. Explain the strcuture of Diborane.
17. What is a) Position isomerism and b) Functional isomerism?
18. Discuss Markownikov's rule and Kharash effect?

SECTION - C
III.

(i) Long answer type questions.

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ANSWERS
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(ii) Answer any TWO questions.

(iii) Each question carries EIGHT marks.

(2 8 = 16)

19. Write an essay on the classification of elements into s, p, d and f blocks in the
periodic table?
20. What are the postulates of Bohr's model of Hydrogen atom? Discuss the importance of this model to explain various series line spectra in Hydrogen atom.
21. What do you understand by hybridisation? Explain different types of hybridisation involving s and p orbitals.

SECTION - A

1.

Calculate the RMS speed of CO2 molecules at 27C ?

Ans: R = 8.314 Joules/K.mole

T = 27 + 273 = 300 K

M = Gram M. Wt. of CO2 = 44 g = 0.044 k.g

RMS Speed =

2.

3RT

=
M

3 8.314 300

0.044

= 4.12 102 m/sec

Give the biological importance of Na+ and K+ ions?

Ans: Na+ ions:

Helps in regulating the flow of water across the cell membrane.
Helps in transmission of nerve signals.

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Helps in transporting sugars and amino acids into the cells.
K+ ions:
Activate enzymes
Oxidise glucose to produce ATP
Helps in transmission of nerve signals.
3.

Why is diamond hard?

Ans: In diamond, C atom undergoes sp3 hybridization. It has 3 dimensional polymeric tetrahedron structure with strong covalent bonds. So it is hard.
4.

Why gypsum is added to cement?

Ans: 3% gypsum is added to cement inorder to slowdown the process of setting of the
cement.
5.

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What is disproportionation reaction? give one example.

Ans: The redox reaction in which same species undergo oxidation as well as reduction

e.g.: 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2

6.

What is allotropy? Name two crystalline allotropes of carbon?

Ans: Existence of an element in many physical forms but possessing similar chemical properties is called allotropy.
e.g.: Diamond, Graphite.

7.

Calculate pH of 0.05 M Ca(OH)2 solution.

Ans: N = OH = 2 0.05 = 0.1 = 101

pOH = log(OH) = log(101) = (1) = 1

pH = 14 pOH = 14 1 = 13.

8.

Which oxides cause acid rain? What is the pH of acid rain?

Ans: Oxidation of NO2, SO2 and reaction with water forms acid rain
2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O 2 H2SO4
4 NO2 + O2 + 2 H2O 4 HNO3
pH of acid rain is 5.6
9.

Give two harmful effects caused by depletion of ozone layer?

Ans: Causes cataract and skin cancer.

Damages paints, fibres and fish productivity.

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10.

Write the IUPAC names of:

a) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2
b)

O
Ans: a) pent 1 ene

b) pentan 3 one

SECTION-B
11.

Balance the following redox equation in basic medium by ion-electron

method

Cr (OH)3 + IO3 I + CrO4 2

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Ans:

Oxidation

1. Cr(OH)3 CrO4

Reduction

2. Balance other than O & H. Cr is balanced.

1. IO 3 I
2. I is balanced

3. Balance 'O' atoms by adding H2O

3. IO 3 I + 3 H2O

Cr(OH)3 + H2O CrO4

4. Balance H atoms by adding OH & H2O 4. IO3 + 6 H2O I +3 H2O +6 OH

Cr(OH)3 + H2O + 5 OH CrO4 2 + 5 H2O

5. Bringing similar terms one side

Cr(OH)3 + 5 OH CrO 4 2 + 4 H2O

6. Balance charges by adding e

Cr(OH)3 + 5 OH CrO42+ 4 H2O + 3e

5. IO 3 + 3 H2O I + 6 OH
6. IO 3 + 3 H2O + 6 e I + 6 OH

7. Multiplying above equation with 2

2 Cr(OH)3 + 10 OH 2 CrO 42 + 8 H2O + 6 e

Adding L.H.S. of oxidation and reduction halves, adding R.H.S. of oxidation

and reduction halves and bringing similar terms together.

2 Cr(OH)3 + IO 3 + 4 OH 2 CrO2
4 + I + 5 H2O

12.

Write any four important postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases.

Ans: At ordinary temperature and pressure, there is no force of attraction between the
gas molecules.

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Molecules of a gas are in constant and random motion.
Collisions of gas molecules are perfectely elastic.
Average kinetic energy of gas molecules T
13.

State 1st, 2nd, 3rd laws of thermodynamics.

Ans: 1st Law: Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.

=

+W

2nd Law: Heat can not flow from a cooler body to a hotter body on its own.
3rd Law: At absolute zero temperature, the entropy of a pure crystalline
substance is zero.
14.

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Define Lechatliers principle. What is the effect of
a) addition of N2

b) removal of NH3 on the equilibrium of N2 (g) + 3 H2(g)

2 NH3(g)

Ans: A chemical reaction at equilibrium is disturbed either by change in pressure or

in temperature or in concentration, then the equilibrium will be shifted in the
direction in which that effect nullifies or minimises.
a) By addition of N2: Equilibrium shifts in forward direction.

b) By removal of NH3: Equilibrium shifts in forward direction.

15.

What is hard water? How hardness of water is removed by ion exchange

method?

Ans: Water which does not give lather readily with soap is called hard water.

Sodium Aluminium Silicate (NaAl SiO4 or NaZ) is used to remove hardness

causing Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions with Na+ ions from hard water.

2 NaZ + Mg+2 Mg Z2 + 2 Na+

2 NaZ + Ca+2 Ca Z2 + 2 Na+

16.

Explain the structure of Diborane.

Ans: As B in B2H6 is unable to attain octet configuration, it is called electron deficient compound. B has 1s2 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz0 configuration in its 1st excited
state. Though one 2s and three 2p orbitals overlap to give four sp3 hybrid
orbitals (3 with 1 unpaired e each & 1 is empty). Four sp3 hybird orbitals of
two B atoms overlap with 1s orbitals of 4 hydrogen atoms to form two BH2
groups. One sp3 Hydrogen orbital containing 1 unpaired e of 1st B atom and
one sp3 H.O. without unpaired e of 2nd B atom overlap with 1s orbital of
Hydrogen atom to form 3 centred 2 electron B H B bridge called 'Banana

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bond'. Two such non plannar banana bonds are formed. 4 terminal Hydrogens
and 2 B atoms lie in plane and 2 bridged Hydrogens lie above and below the
Hb
plane.
Ht

Ht
B

120

Ht

Ht

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Hb

17.

What is a) Position isomerism and b) Functional isomerism

Ans: a) Position isomerism: The isomerism that arises due to change in the position
of substituent atom or functional group or multiple bond on the Carbon skeleton.

e.g.: Propan 1 ol and P0ropan 2 ol

b) Functional isomerism: The isomerism that arises when 2 or more compounds having same molecular formula but different functional groups.
O

e.g.: H3C C CH3

Propanone

18.

&

CH3 CH2 C

Propanal

Discuss Markownikov's rule and Kharash effect.

Ans: Markownikov's rule: Negative part of the adding molecule gets attached to the
double bonded Carbon having less number of hydrogen atoms.

eg: H3C CH

Br

CH2 + H Br H C C C H

Kharash effect: In presence of peroxide negative part of the adding molecule

gets attached to the double bonded carbon having more number of Hydrogen
atoms.

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H

e.g.: H C

C H + H Br

H
H H
H

(C6 H5 CO)2 O2

H C C C Br

H
H H

SECTION - C

19.

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Write an essay on the classification of elements into s, p, d and f blocks in

the periodic table.

Ans: Based on the electronic configuration, the entry of last electron into s, p, d, f sublevels into 4 blocks.
s - block elements: The elements in which the last electron enters in 's' subshell of
valency shell. As the maximum capacity of s-sub shall is 2, s-block contains 2
groups I A and II A. They are placed at the left side of the periodic table. IA has
ns1, II A has ns2 configuration in their valency shell. Except H rest of the elements
are metals. They are soft, having low M.P.S. and B.P.S. They have low ionisation
enthalpies. They form ionic compounds. They import characteristic colours to the
flame. They are strong reducing agents.
p - block elements: The elements in which the last electron enters in 'p' sub shell of
valency shell. Since the maximum capacity of p sub shell is 6. It consists 6 groups
III A to VII A and 'O'. They are placed at the right side of the periodic table. Their
general electronic configuration is ns2 np1 6. This block consists metals, non
metals and semi metals. They form mostly covalent compounds. 'O' group elements are inert and mono atomic. p - block elements can also form ionic compounds. As the 16th group elements produce minerals, called 'Chalcogens'. As 17th
group elements are sea salt producers, are called 'Halogens'. Halogens are good
oxidising agents.
d - block elements: The elements in which the last electron enters d sub shell of
penultimate shell. Since 'd' subshell accomodates 10 electrons, there are 10 groups
I B to VII B and VIII B. General valency shell configuration is (n 1)d 110
ns12. They are placed between s & p block elements in 4 rows (3d, 4d, 5d, 6d

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series). All are hard metals with high M.P.S. and B.P.S. They form coloured compounds, complex compounds, alloys. They act as catalysts. They are generally
paramagnetic. They exhibit variable oxidation states.
f- block elements: The elements in which the last electron enters f sub-shell of anti
penultimate shell. They are placed at the bottom of the main periodic table in 2
series (4f - Lanthanides, 5f - Actinides). The outermost electronic configuration is
(n 2)f114 (n 1)d 01 ns2. They are heavy metals with high M.P.S. and B.P.S.
They form coloured, complete compounds. They are radioactive. Exhibit variable
oxidation states.
20.

What are the postulates of Bohr's model of Hydrogen atom? Discuss the
importance of this model to explain varoius series of line spectra in
Hydrogen atom.

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Ans: Bohr's model of atom is a modification of Rutherford's model of atom. It is

based on Plank's quantum theory and Hydrogen spectrum.
Postulates:

Electrons revolve round the nucleus in fixed, circular paths called 'orbits'.
Orbits are denoted by K, L, M, N... or 1, 2, 3, 4...

Each orbit is associated with definite amount of energy called energy levels.
Electrons neither emit nor absorb energy when they revolve in a orbit called
'Stationary orbit'.
As 'n' value increases the size, energy of orbit increases.

h i.e
The angular momentum of an electron is integral multiple of
2

nh
mvr = .
2
Energy absorbed or emitted by electron is given by E = E2 E1 = h
n2h2
th
Radius of n orbit = rn =
42 me2Z

22 me4Z2
th
Energy of electron in n orbit = En =
n2h2
Spectrum of H-atom:
Of all the atomic spectra, the Hydrogen specturm is the simplest specturm. H
atom has only one electron, but it gives 5 series of spectral lines. When H2 gas is heated or exposed to light or subjected to electric discharge. Electrons of different H atoms
get excited to different higher orbits and de excites to differet lower orbits in different

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manner with the emission of energy and give 5 series of spectral lines. of a spectral
line in H atom can be calculated by using Rydberg's equation.
1
1
1

= = RH

n12
n22

S.No Name of the series

1
2
3
4
5

n1

n2

Layman
Balmer
Paschen
Brackett
Pfund

2
4
5

Spectral region
1 2, 3, 4,..
3, 4, 5,...
3 4, 5, 6,..
5, 6, 7,...
6, 7, 8,...

Ultra Violet
Visible
Near infrared
Infrared
Far infrared

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if n2 n1 = 1 (H)
n2 n1 = 2 (H)
n2 n1 = 3 (H)

From Layman series to Pfund series, increases, E, decreases. The spectral

lines get closer and closer as we move from n2 = 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 etc.

21.

What do you understand by hybridisation? Explain different types of

hybridisation involving s and p orbitals.

Ans: Intermixing of atomic orbitals of an atom (of almost equal energy, different
shapes) to give equal number of identical orbitals is known as hybridisation.
s and p orbitals invovle sp, sp2, sp3 hybridisation.

sp Hybridisation:

The hybridisation in which one s and one p orbitals of same valence shell of an

atom intermix together to give two identical sp hybrid orbitals.

180

Cl Be Cl

e.g.: BeCl2

Be = 1s2 2s1 2px1 (1st excited state)

one 2 s and one 2 p orbitals of Be intermix together to give two identical sp
hybrid orbitals. These 2 orbitals overlap with p orbitals of 2 Cl atoms.
Shape of the molecule: Linear
Bond angle: 180
% of s = 25%,

% of p = 75%

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Cl
sp2 Hybridisation: The hybridisation in which one s and
two p orbitals of same valence shell of an atom intermix
120
ogether to give 3 identical sp2 hybrid orbitals.
B
e.g.: BCl3
B = 1s2 2s1 2p1x 2py1 (1st excited)
Cl
Cl
One 2s & two 2p orbitals of B intermix together to
give 3 identical sp2 hybrid orbitals. 3 Hydrogen Orbitals overlap with p orbitals
of Cl atom.
Shape of the molecule
: Trigonal planner
Bond angle
: 120
% of s = 33.33%
% of p = 66.67%
sp3 Hybridisation: The hybridisation in which one
H
s and three p orbitals of same valence shell of an
109 28'
atom intermix together to give 4 identical sp3 hybrid
C
orbitals.
e.g.: CH4
H
H

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H

C = 1s2 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1

(1st excited state)
One 2S and three 2p orbitals of valency shell of Carbon intermix together to give
4 identical sp3 hybrid orbitals. 4 H.O of C overlap with S orbitals of 4 H atoms.
Shape of the molecule : Tetrahedral
Bond angle: 109 28'
% of s = 25%,
% of p = 75%

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