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dx
3
dt
dy
y t 3 1
3t 2
dt
dy dy dt 3t 2
t 2
dx
dx dt
3
x 3t 2
dx
2 3cos 2 sin 6 sin cos 2
d
dy
y 3 sin 3
3 3 sin 2 cos 9sin 2 cos
d
dy dy d
9sin 2 cos
23 tan
2
dx
dx d 6 sin cos
(ii) x 2 cos 3
(iii) x
t 2
y 1 t
dy
dx
dx dt
dy
dx
dy dt
dx dt
When t = 1,
dy dt
2. x t 3 2t
y 5t 2
dy
dt
dx
2
2t 3 3
dt
t
1
1
21 t 3
2 / t 3
dx
3t 2 2
dt
5 t 2 t 1
10t t
3t 2 2
dy
dx
dy dt
dx dt
dy
dt
10t t 2
10 1
9
32
When t = 1, x 1 3 2 1 1
1
y 5 12 6
1
Tangent has gradient 9 and passes through (-1, 6)
Equation of tangent is y 6 9( x ( 1))
y 6 9x 9
y 9 x 15
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9( y 6) ( x 1)
9 y 54 x 1
9 y x 53
(t 1)(t 1) 0
t 1 or t 1
x t (t 2 1) t 3 t
y t 2 1
dy
dx
dy dt
dx dt
dy
dt
dx
3t 2 1
dt
2t
2t
3t 2 1
dy
2
21
dx 3 1
When t = 1, x 1(1 2 1) 2
So the tangent has gradient 21 and passes through the point (2, 0)
Equation of tangent is y 21 ( x 2)
2y x 2
When t = 1,
dy
2
21
dx 3 1
When t = -1, x 1(( 1)2 1) 2
So the tangent has gradient 21 and passes through the point (-2, 0)
Equation of tangent is y 21 ( x ( 2))
2y x 2
2y x 2 0
When t = -1,
dx
2t
dt
dy
y 2t
2
dt
dy dy dt
2
1
dx
dx dt
2t t
4. x t 2
1
and passes through the point t 2 , 2t .
t
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ty 2t x t 2
2
ty x t 2
At point A, y 0 x t 2 0 x t 2
At point B, x 0 ty t 2 y t
The coordinates of A are t 2 ,0 and the coordinates of B are 0,t .
dx
4
dt
dy
4
y 4t 1
4t 2
t
dt
dy dy dt 4t 2
1
2
dx
dx dt
4
t
At the point P (8, 2), t = 2
Gradient at P 41 .
Gradient of normal at P = 4
Normal has gradient 4 and passes through (8, 2)
Gradient of normal is y 2 4( x 8)
y 2 4 x 32
y 4 x 30
5. x 4t
To find the point where the normal meets the curve again, substitute the
parametric equations for x and y into the equation of the normal.
y 4 x 30
4
4 4t 30
4 16t 2 30t
8t 2 15 t 2 0
(8t 1)(t 2) 0
t 81 or t 2
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x 2 cos 2
3
2
The points of intersection with the axes are (2, 0), (-2, 0), (0, 3), (0, -3)
dx
2 sin
dt
dy
y 3 sin
3cos
dt
dy dy d
3cos
dx
dx d 2 sin
(ii) x 2 cos
3cos
x 2 cos
2 sin
Tangent passes through the point (4, 0)
3 cos
3 sin
4 2 cos
2 sin
2 sin 2 cos (4 2 cos )
Equation of tangent is y 3 sin
1
2
3 or
5
3
When 3 , x 2 cos 3 2 21 1
y 3 sin 3 3 21 3 23 3
When 53 , x 2 cos 53 2 21 1
y 3 sin 53 3 21 3 23 3
dx
2 2 cos
d
dy
y 2(1 cos )
2 sin
d
dy dy d
2 sin
sin
dx
dx d 2 2 cos 1 cos
7. (i) x 2( sin )
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sin 2
1
1 cos 2 1 0
Gradient of normal = -1
When 21 , x 2( 2 1) 2
y 2(1 0) 2
Equation of normal is y 2 1( x ( 2))
y 2 x 2
y x
When normal meets x-axis, y 0 x .
Coordinates of A are ,0 .
(iii) x
Gradient of tangent at P is 1
Tangent at P is y 2 1( x ( 2))
y 2 x 2
y x 4
At point of intersection with x
y 4 4
so the point of intersection is , 4 .
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