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Allison Hampton

Professor Marcum
English 1103-Section 052
19 January, 2016
Reverse Outline of Deborah Brandts Sponsors of Literacy
Because printers also were the solicitors and editors of what they published,
their workshops served as lively incubators for literacy and political
discourse. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, this learning space was
disrupted when the invention of the steam press reorganized the economy of
the print industry. (Page 44)
Steam presses were too expensive for most printers to afford.
The connection between editing and printing were divided into two
separate entities.
Printing became quite competitive, leading to printers becoming lowpaid and without access to the craft-shop environment.
The change in working conditions for printers lead to the loss of skill of
workers.
The Industrial Revolution lead to the loss of skill of workers.
The economy before the steam press permitted the basic parts of the
printers literacy and their access to materials, work, and worth.
The steam press allowed print and printing to be made more
accessible.
The steam press also allowed a drop in literate potential.
Peoples literate skills have grown vulnerable to unprecedented value, as
conditions, forms, and standards of literacy achievement seem to shift with
almost every new generation of learners. (Page 45)
The field of writing studies has had much to say about individual
literacy development. (Page 45)
The theorizing, researching, critiquing, debating, and enhancing the
literate potentials of people occurs quite often today.
We also try to relate everything we see, do, and study to these literacy
potentials.
Over the last ninety years, we have begun to make connections between
literacy as individual developments to literacy as economic developments.
Sponsors of literacy are agents, local or distant, concrete or abstract, who
enable, support, teach, model, as well as recruit, regulate, suppress, or
withhold literacy. (46)
Sponsor set the terms for literacy and may support literacy or conflict
with it.
Sponsors can be, but are not limited to being older relatives, teachers,
priests, supervisors, military officers, editors, and influential authors.
Sponsors lend their resources or credibility to the sponsored.

Most of the time literacy takes its shape from the interests of its
sponsors. (Page 47)
Literacy, like land, is a valued commodity in this economy, a key
resource in gaining profit and edge. (Page 48)
Deborah Brandts analysis looks at how opportunity is connected to
literacy learning, how sponsors contribute to the literacy crisis, and
how self-development and social change can be rerouted of resources
by literacy sponsors.
Sponsorship allows literacy learning and opportunity and access to be
directly related.
Raymond Branch and Dora Lopez
Raymond Branch was introduced to technology by his school and
father at an early age.
He was born to well-off parents and was very privileged as a child and
adolescent.
Dora Lopezs were both educated and worked, but the family was not
as well-off as Raymond Branchs family.
Her family mostly spoke Spanish- Dora did not-, but lived in a
community where the Mexican-American population was extremely
low.
Dora taught herself how to read and write Spanish during adolescence.
She was introduced to computers at the age of 13.
Dora worked at a cleaning company, during her time at technical
college.
Because Raymond Branch was a white male, and grew up in a well-off
home, his opportunities were greater than Dora Lopezs.
Dora Lopez had to work harder for her resources than Raymond Branch
did.
Literacy as a resource becomes available to ordinary people largely
through the meditations of more powerful sponsors. (Page 51)
Dwayne Lowery
Dwayne Lowery was born to a large family that lived in a slightly rural
area in the Midwest.
His father worked as a rubber maker and his mother was a stay-athome mom.
Growing up, Lowery was exposed to his fathers publications and leftleaning newspapers.
These experiences helped shape Dwayne Lowerys political and literate
views.
Lowery was uninterested in politics, but found an interest in sports.
Dwayne Lowery graduated at the bottom of his class, enlisted in the
army, and worked as an assembly line worker.

Lowery was active in an employees union, where he was offered a fulltime position as a staff representative.
The sponsorship of Dwayne Lowerys literacy experiences lies deep
within the historical conditions of industrial relations in the 20th century
and, more particularly, within the changing nature of work and labor
struggles over the last decades. (Page 54)
The course of an ordinary persons literacy learning follows the
transformations going on within sponsoring institutions. (Page 55)
Schooling is becoming more and more available and accessible to
ordinary people which is what makes contemporary literacy so special and
innovative.
Carol White and Sarah Steele
Carol White was born to a poor, Oneida household.
She had only one parent.
She worked as a secretary at several companies.
She had 5 children and was divorced.
Constantly typing things for her bosses taught her many rhetorical
strategies, and she gained an interest in this.
She did missionary work for the Jehovahs Witnesses
Sarah Steele was born to a large working class family.
Her family was in the coal mining industry.
She graduated from a 2-year college.
She was married and had 4 children.
She began working as a receptionist at a law firm
She was influenced by the principles that she was exposed to at the
law firm.
Sponsors play even more influential roles at the scenes of literacy
learning use (Page 60)

Learning to Read by Malcom X


Who seems to be Malcom Xs intended audience? How do you know?
Malcom Xs intended audience seems to be people of less literate
opportunity thus less intelligence, as well as prisoners. Malcom X talks quite
a bit about his time in prison and how prison allowed him to become more
literate.
How does Malcom X define literacy? How does this definition compare to
school-based literacy?
Malcom X defines literacy as a persons understanding and
comprehension of language and ability to have intellectual conversations.
This definition is definitely very similar to school-based literacy.
Drawing on Deborah Brandts definition of literacy sponsor, list as many of
Malcom Xs literacy sponsors as you can find. (Remember that sponsors
dont have to be people, but can also be ideas or institutions, which can
withhold literacy as well as provide it.) Which sponsors were most influential?
What were their motivations?
Prison workers, professors, dictionaries, books in the prison library,
weekly debates between prisoners, well-read inmates, and Elijah
Mohammad,.
Brandt explains that people often subvert or misappropriate the intentions of
their sponsors (see pp. 46, 56-57, paras. 7 and 27). Was this ever the case
with Malcom X? If so, how?

This was the case for Malcom X. In prison, his professors who falsely
taught the history of African Americans were the ones giving information
Malcom X, but he did not believe this information.
What was the particular role for writing that Malcom X describes in his
account of his literacy education? How do you think it helped him read? Can
you think of ways that writing helped you become a better reader?
The role for writing for Malcom X was extremely influential and life
changing for Malcom X and his literacy education. He began his self-teaching
in prison where he wrote and copied the words in the dictionary. Because he
was writing down the dictionary, this helped immensely with his reading and
comprehension abilities.

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