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User Description, GSM-UMTS Cell Reselection and Handover

USER DESCRIPTION

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208/1553-HSC 103 12/14 Uen A

UserDescription,GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover
Copyright
CopyrightEricssonAB,2008.AllRightsReserved.
Disclaimer
Nopartofthisdocumentmaybereproducedinanyformwithoutthewrittenpermissionof
thecopyrightowner.
Thecontentsofthisdocumentaresubjecttorevisionwithoutnoticeduetocontinued
progressinmethodology,designandmanufacturing.
Ericssonshallhavenoliabilityforanyerrorordamagesofanykindresultingfromtheuseof
thisdocument.
Trademark List
AllotherproductorservicenamesmentionedinthisUserDescriptionaretrademarksoftheir
respectivecompanies.
Ericsson
isatrademarkownedbyTelefonaktiebolagetLMEricsson.

Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

5
5.1
5.2
5.3

Introduction
General
ReadersGuide
MainChangesinEricssonBSS08A
MainChangesinEricssonBSS08B
MainChangesinEricssonBSS09A

Capabilities

Technical Description
General
Measurements
Inter-RATfunctions
RelatedStatistics

Engineering Guidelines
Multi-RATMSCapabilities
SystemInformation
CellReselectiontoUMTS
Intersystemcellselectionaftercallrelease
InterSystemHandover

Parameters
General
MainControllingParameters
ValueRangesandDefaultsValues

Concepts

Glossary

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Reference List

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1Introduction
1.1General
ThisuserdescriptiondescribesanumberoffeaturesrelatedtohandoverbetweenGSMand
UMTS.ThefeaturesdescribedareGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,SmoothGSMto
WCDMAUnloading,HandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,CombinedCellReselection
TriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,CombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandOptimized
throughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange(basedonNC2).
ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverallowsend-userswithMulti-RAT
(RadioAccessTechnology)GSM/WCDMAMobileStationstoroambetweenUTRAN(UMTS
TerrestrialRadioAccessNetwork)andGSMradioaccessnetworkwithoutlossofservice
(providedtheserviceissupportedinbothnetworks).Itgivessupportformobilityinidle
mode(GSMtoUTRAN),forhandoverofcircuitswitchedconnections(GSMtoUTRAN),andfor
cellreselectionforpackedswitchedservice(GPRS/EGPRStoUTRAN).
ThefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadinghelpsassuringresourceavailabilityinGSM
cellsandlimitshandoverloadathighloadsituations.
ThefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicatorgivessupportforservicebased
handovers,whichmeanstheMSCcangivepreferencetowhichradioaccessnetworktouse
foraconnection,GSMorWCDMA.TheServiceIndicatorisusedbytheBSCwhendecidingon
CShandoverfromGSMtoWCDMA
ThefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAprovidesthepossiblityto
defineathresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementstobeusedatcellreselection.The
thresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementsassuresasufficientdownlinksignalstrength,which
inturnincreasesthepossiblityforthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink.
ThefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAprovidesthepossibilitytodefine
aCPICHRSCPthresholdusedtocontrolthemeasurementreportingofUTRANcellsforMSs
beinginconnectedmodeorforMSsbeinginNC2mode.NoUTRANcellswillbeincludedin
themeasurementreportsfromtheMSunlessthenonreportingradioentity(CPICHRSCP)
haveavalueabovethedefinedCPICHRSCPthreshold.
ThefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeimprovesend-user
performancebypreventingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoaWCDMAcellwhichinsome
instancescanhaveoutagetimesof10 | 20secondsontheend-userapplicationlevel.
ThisdocumentonlydescribestheBSSfunctionality,notUTRANparts,ofcircuitandpacket
switchedintersystemcellreselectionandhandover.OnlyWCDMAFDD(FrequencyDivision
Duplex)issupported.
ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisintroducedtodecreasethePaging
OutageTime.Withthefeaturemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcell
directlyafterthecallreleaseandhencepreventingthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcelland
thenre-selectaWCDMAcell.
ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork
accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe
directedretryprocedure.

1.2ReadersGuide
ThisdocumentdescribestheGSMandUMTSinterworkingfromaBSSperspective.UMTS
detailscanbefoundinthedocumentationdescribingtheWCDMARadioAccessNetwork
product.

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1.3MainChangesinEricssonBSS08A
Nochanges.

1.4MainChangesinEricssonBSS08B
Nochanges.

1.5MainChangesinEricssonBSS09A
ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSShasbeenintroduced.
ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleasehasbeenintroduced.

2Capabilities
WiththefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,anoperator(ortwooperators)of
bothaGSMandaUTRANsysteminanareacanusethesenetworkstocomplementeach
other.Forexample,thealreadybuiltoutcoverageofGSMcanbeused,sothatend-users
withMulti-RATMSswillexperiencegoodcoveragealsoinareaswherethereisnoUTRAN
coverageusingtheUMTStoGSMcellreselectionandhandoverfunctionality.Thiswill
increasetheserviceperceivedbyend-usersaswellasthecombinednetworkcapacity.
WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCell
ReselectionandHandoverisextendedwithamechanismthatenablestheMSCtoaffect
whichradioaccessnetwork,GSMorWCDMA,preferablyshallserveaCSconnection.
WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselection
andHandoverisextendedwiththepossibilitytolimitthemaximumnumberofhandoversto
performpersecondtoUTRAN.Onlythenumberofhandoversthataretriggeredbecauseof
hightrafficloadintheGSMcellarelimited.Furthermore,incominghandoversfromUTRAN,
willberejectedincaseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell.Thesemechanismshelpstoassure
theresourceavailabilityintheGSMnetwork.
WiththefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,cellreselectionis
improvedtodecreasethenumberofping-pongcellreselections.Thatisachievedbyaddinga
thresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementstoassureasufficientdownlinksignalstrength,
whichinturnincreasesthepossiblityforthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink.
WiththefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,theIRAThandover
behaviourisimprovedbyavoidinghandoverattemptstoweakUTRANcells.Thatisachieved
byaddingareportingthresholdfornonreportingradioentityoftheUTRANcells.Since
CPICHEc/NoisthereportingradioentitythenonreportingradioentityisCPICHRSCP.An
MSwillonlyincludeaUTRANcellinthemeasurementreportsincasetheCPICHRSCPvalue
oftheUTRANcellisabovethedefinedthresholdvalue.ThisassuresthatUTRANhandover
candidateshaveasufficientdownlinksignalstrength,whichinturnincreasesthepossiblity
forthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink.
WiththefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange,end-user
performanceisimprovedforGPRS/EDGE/WCDMAsubscribers.Inparticular,thisfeature
reducestheimpactondownloadtimesbyprohibitingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoa
WCDMAcell,andthusavoidingthelongoutagetimes,whenanMSisinpackettransfer
mode.
WiththefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallRelease,thePagingoutagetimecanbe
decreasedsincethemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcelldirectlyat
thecallreleasewhichpreventsthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcellandthenre-selecta
WCDMAcell.

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ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork
accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe
directedretryprocedure.

3TechnicalDescription
3.1General
ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverprovidesthebasicmechanismsfor
handoverandcellreselectionfromGSMtoUMTS.Parameterscanbesettocontrolwhena
multi-RATMSinidleorconnectedmodeshallstartmeasuringonUTRANcells,seeSection
3.2.AUTRANcellwillonlybeconsideredasacandidateforcellreselectionorahandoverif
thesignalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough.PrioritizingofUMTSorGSMcanbe
controlledbyseveralparameters.CellreselectionandtheoptionalfeatureCombinedCell
ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMaredescribedinSection3.3.2.Forhandover,thetraffic
loadoftheGSMcellcaninadditiontotheradiocriteriabeusedasacriterionforhandovers
towardsUMTS,seeSection3.3.4.
WiththeoptionalfeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAitisfurtherpossible
tocontroliftheMSshallincludeUTRANcellsinthemeasurementreportssenttothe
network.OnlyUTRANcellswithCPICHRSCPvaluesaboveagivenCPICHRSCPthresholdwill
beincludedinthemeasurementreports.
IncasetheurgencycriteriaintheGSMcellarefulfilled,seeReference[4],handoverto
UTRANmaybetriggeredregardlessofthetrafficloadintheGSMcell.
WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCell
ReselectionandHandoverisextendedwithamechanismfortheMSCtocontrolinwhich
system(GSMorUMTS)aconnectionpreferablyshallbeserved.IftheMSCindicatesthata
connectionshallnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSnevertriggersahandovertoUTRAN.If
theMSCindicatesthataconnectionshouldnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSonlytriggers
ahandovertoUTRANincaseanyurgencycriterionisfulfilledintheGSMcellandwhenthe
signalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough.IncasetheMSCindicatesthatahandover
shouldbeperformed,BSStriggersahandovertoUTRANwhenthesignalqualityinthetarget
cellisgoodenough.
WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselection
andHandoverisextendedwiththepossibilitytolimitthemaximumnumberofhandoversto
performpersecondtoUTRAN.Onlythenumberofhandoversthatistriggeredbecauseof
hightrafficloadintheGSMcellislimited.Furthermore,incominghandoversfromUTRAN,will
berejectedincaseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell.
WiththefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange,end-user
performanceisimprovedforGPRS/EDGE/WCDMAsubscribers.Inparticular,thisfeature
reducestheimpactondownloadtimesbyprohibitingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoa
WCDMAcell,andthusavoidingthelongoutagetimes,whenanMSisinpackettransfer
mode.ThisfeatureisbasedonNC2,seeReference[3].
ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisintroducedtodecreasethePaging
outagetime.Withthefeaturemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcell
directlythecallreleaseandhencepreventingthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcellandthenre
-selectaWCDMAcell.
ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork
accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe
directedretryprocedure.

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3.2Measurements
BesidesmeasurementsonsurroundingGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellsaMulti-RATMSalsoperforms
measurementsonUTRANneighbouringcells.Thesemeasurementsareperformedina
differentwaythanforGSMcellsandmaybelessfrequentlythanmeasurementsonGSM.In
generalUTRANmeasurementsaredoneduringsparetime,thatis,GSMmeasurementshave
priorityandUTRANmeasurementsaredoneifthereistimeleft.
InordertoreduceunnecessarymeasurementsandtooptimizeMulti-RATMSbattery
consumption,theGSMnetworkcontrolswhenthemeasurementsonUTRANcellsshallbe
performedwiththeparametersQSIandQSC.TheparametersQSIandQSCdefine
thresholdsandalsoindicatewhetherthesemeasurementsshallbeperformedwhenthe
signalstrength(SS)oftheservingcellisbeloworabovethethreshold.Itcanbeusedto
avoidunnecessarymeasurementsonUTRANcellsanddoesnotcontrolthebehaviourofMulti
-RATMSsintermsofmakingdecisionsforcellreselectionandhandover.QSIisusedforidle
andpacketswitchedmodesandbroadcastonBCCHandPBCCH(ifenabled),whileQSCis
usedforactivemode,sentonSACCH.
Afterchangingfromidletoactivemode,QSCisnotimmediatelyknown,asitissenton
SACCH.Forthatperiodthemeasurementcontrolisdefined,withthecellparameterQSCI,
broadcastonBCCH.ItispossibletochoosewhetherUTRANmeasurementswillbeperformed
accordingtotheknownQSIvalue(QSCI=0)oralways(QSCI=1),untilthefirstQSCvalue
isread.
Therearefourdifferentscenariostochoosefrom.ParametersQSIandQSCaresetperGSM
cellanddefineboththescenarioandthenecessarythreshold,atthesametime:
1. UTRANneighbouringcellsaremeasuredonlywhenthesignalstrengthoftheGSM
servingcellisabovethethresholdsetbyQSIandQSC.
2. UTRANneighbourcellsaremeasuredonlywhenthesignalstrengthoftheGSMserving
cellisbelowthethresholdsetbyQSIandQSC.
3. UTRANneighbourcellsarealwaysmeasured.
4. UTRANneighbourcellsarenevermeasured.Thiscanbeusedtoturnoffthecell
reselection/handovertoUMTS,percell,evenifCOEXUMTSisONfortheBSC.
InordertounderstandthepurposeofQSIandQSC,twoexamplesareshowninFigure1
andFigure2.
WhenQSI/QSC=5,UTRANcellmeasurementsareperformedwhentheSSoftheserving
GSMcellisbelowthethresholdof-78dBm,seeFigure1.

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Figure1ExampleQSI/QSC=5,UTRANMeasurementsArePerformedwhentheSignal
StrengthintheServingCellIsbelow-78dBm.
WhenQSI/QSC=11,themeasurementsareperformedwhenthesameSSisabovethe
thresholdof-66dBm,seeFigure2.

Figure2ExampleQSI/QSC=11,UTRANMeasurementsArePerformedWhentheSignal
StrengthintheServingCellIsabove-68dBm.
Example1:IfanUTRANcellshouldservepurelytoextendthecoverageforMulti-RATMSsin
GSM,itislogicaltosetQSI/QSCvaluesfrom0-6,sinceit'sonlyneededtomakecell
reselectionandhandoverstoUMTSwhentheGSMcoveragefallslow.
Example2:IfanUTRANcellisco-sitedwithaGSMcell,thereisacertaincorrelationbetween
signalstrengthsofthetwosystems.IftheGSMisforexampleusing900MHzbanditisvery
probablethattheGSMsignalstrengthwillalwaysbehigherthantheUTRANsignal,fora
numberofdBs.Therefore,thereisnopointinmeasuringUTRANcellsinlowGSMsignal
conditionsandvalues8-14canbeselectedaccordingly.
WheninCSactiveorpackettransfermodeaGSM/GPRS/EGPRSMScontinuouslymeasures
thesignalstrengthoftheservingcellandallneighbouringcells(BCCHcarriers)asindicated
intheBAlist.Besides,theGSM/GPRS/EGPRSMSshallattempttodecodetheBSICofas
manyneighbouringcellsbelongingtotheBAlistaspossible,andasaminimumatleastonce
every10secondsduringthesocalledsearchframes.TheMSistypicallyquitebusywith
performingGSM/GPRS/EGPRSmeasurementandthereisnotmuchtimeleftforUTRAN
measurements.Inthiscase,theMSmayperformthemeasurements,oncellsbelongingto
the3Gneighbouringcelllist,duringsearchframesthatarenotrequiredforBSICdecoding.If
indicatedbytheparameterSPRIO,aMulti-RATMSmayuseupto25searchframesper13
secondsevenwithoutconsideringtheneedforBSICdecodingintheseframes.Thisimplies
moretimeforUTRANmeasurements,butinthesamewaylesstimeforBSICdecoding.

3.3Inter-RATfunctions
3.3.1

PLMN Selection

WhenaMulti-RATMSispoweredonoruponrecoveryfromlackofcoverage,itimmediately
attemptstomakecontactwithaPublicLandMobileNetwork(PLMN).ThePLMNmaybe
selectedeitherautomaticallyormanuallysimilartoaGSMonlyMS(seeReference[2]).The
PLMNselectionprocedureissomewhatdifferentforaMulti-RATMSsinceaPLMNcould
supportmorethanoneaccesstechnology.Itwillfirsttrytoselectandregistertothelast
registeredPLMNifoneexists.AMulti-RATMSstartsitssearchusingthelastusedRAT.If

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informationaboutthelastusedRATisnotavailable,theMulti-RATMSstartsitssearchusing
GSMaccesstechnology.IfthereisnolastregisteredPLMN,orifitisunavailable,theMultiRATMSwilltrytoselectanotherPLMNeitherautomaticallyormanuallydependingonits
operatingmode,seeReference[10].TheautomaticmodeusesalistofPLMNsandRATsin
anorderofprioritywhereasthemanualmodeleavesthedecisiontotheend-userandonly
showstheavailablePLMNsusingallsupportedRATs.
IfaPLMNisselectedusingGSMaccesstechnologythefollowingcellselectionandcell
reselectionproceduresaredescribedinReference[2].Multi-RATproceduresinUTRANare
notdescribedinthisdocument.
3.3.1.1AutomaticMode
Inautomaticmode,ifnolastregisteredPLMNexistsorisavailabletheMSwillselectaPLMN,
ifitisavailableandallowed,inthefollowingorder:
1. HomePLMN.TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchfortheHomePLMNusingallaccess
technologiesitiscapableofandstartitssearchusingthe"accesstechnologiespriority
list"storedintheSubscriberIdentityModule(SIM).Ifnoaccesstechnologyinformation
isavailableintheSIMthemobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology.
2. EachPLMNinthe"usercontrolledPLMNlist"storedintheSIMinpriorityorder.The
Multi-RATMSshalltryfindeachPLMNusingthe"accesstechnologiesprioritylist"stored
foreachPLMNintheSIM.IfnoaccesstechnologyinformationisavailableontheSIM
themobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology.
3. EachPLMNinthe"operatorcontrolledPLMNlist"storedintheSIMinpriorityorder.The
Multi-RATMSshalltryfindeachPLMNusingthe"accesstechnologiesprioritylist"
storedforeachPLMNintheSIM.Ifnoaccesstechnologyinformationisavailableonthe
SIMthemobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology.
4. OtherPLMN/accesstechnologycombinationswithreceivedhighqualitysignalin
randomorder.ForGSMcellshighqualitycellsarecellswithsignallevelabove-85
dBm.ForWCDMAcellshighqualitycellsarecellswithCPICHRSCPlevelabove-95
dBm.TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchusingallaccesstechnologiesitiscapableofbefore
selectingPLMN.
5. AllotherPLMN/accesstechnologycombinationsinorderofdecreasingsignalstrength.
TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchusingallaccesstechnologiesitiscapableofbefore
selectingPLMN.
3.3.1.2ManualMode
Inmanualmode,theMulti-RATMSwillfirsttrytoselecttheregisteredPLMNorhomePLMN
ifnolastregisteredPLMNexists.IfthisregistrationfailsoriftheuserhasinitiatedaPLMN
reselectiontheMulti-RATMSwillindicatetotheuserallavailablePLMNsusingallsupported
accesstechnologies.TheusercanthenselectadesiredPLMNwhichcausestheMStoinitiate
aregistrationonthisPLMN.IftheselectedPLMNisnotallowed,anindicationtotheuserto
selectanotherPLMNwillbegiven.
Note:AnMulti-RATMSmayindicateaccesstechnologytotheuser(manufacturer
dependent).Iftheaccesstechnologyisnotdisplayedthehighestaccesstechnology
accordingtotheaccesstechnologyinformationprioritylistintheSIMisused.
3.3.2

Inter System Cell Reselection

3.3.2.1CellReselectiontoGSM
ThereisnosignificantimpactofcellreselectionfromUMTStoGSMontheBaseStation
System.Ingeneral,cellreselectionfromUMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRSisintroducedwithas
littlechangeaspossibletotheGSMstandard.

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ThecellreselectionisinitiatedinUTRANandnotdescribedhere.Inshort,foranintersystem
cellreselectiontooccurtheestimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencymustbe
belowacertainthresholdandtheestimatedqualityofthetargetGSMcellmustbeabovea
certainthreshold.SeeReference[15]foradescriptionofUMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRScell
reselectioninEricssonWCDMARAN.
WhenaMulti-RATMSmovesintoacellbelongingtoanotherLA/RAatcellreselectionfrom
UMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRSitperformsLA/RAUpdateRequest,whenaccessingtheGSM
networkusingexistingsignalingprocedurestoindicateitspresenceaccordingtoSection
3.3.5andSection3.3.6.ThetargetBSCwillnotdistinguishifthemobilecamefromaGSMor
UTRANcellbeforethecellreselection.
3.3.2.2CellReselectiontoUMTS
ThisalgorithmisvalidforMSsinNC0orNC1mode.ForMSsinNC2mode,refertoReference
[3].
TobeabletoperformintersystemcellreselectionfromGSMtoUMTS,aMulti-RATMSlistens
toadefinedlistofUMTSneighbours.ThislistisbroadcastonBCCH(andPBCCHifenabled).
AsimilaralgorithmtotheoneforGSMcellreselectionisusedforGSMtoUTRANcell
reselection.Nevertheless,thereisadifferencewhenitcomestotheevaluationofsignal
strengthandqualityforGSMandUMTSmeasurements.Thereasonforthisisthecompletely
differentmodulationtechniqueused.Therefore,amappingofUMTSsignalstrengthis
performed,insuchawaythatitcanbecomparedtoGSMsignalstrengthvalues.Thesame
algorithmandbehaviourappliesforintersystemcellreselectioninGPRS/EGPRSReadystate,
GPRS/EGPRSStandbystateandCSidlemode.
ThealgorithmforintersystemcellreselectiontoUMTSiscontrolledbythenetworkwiththe
parametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFF.
FDDQMINistheminimumqualityofaUTRANcellforcellreselection.Thisparametershould
notbeusedtocontrolthecellreselection,butprovideasufficientqualityofthecandidate
UTRANcell.
FDDQOFFisthekeyparametertocontrolthebehaviourofintersystemcellreselection.It
definesanoffsetbetweensignalqualityofUTRANandGSMcells.
LowervaluesoftheparameterFDDQOFFcanbeusedtooff-loadtheGSMsystem.This
meansthatbothpotentialtraffic(Multi-RATMSsinCSidlemodeandGPRS/EGPRSpacket
idlemode)andresourceoccupyingtraffic(Multi-RATMSsinGPRS/EGPRSpackettransfer
mode)willselectaUTRANcellthatfulfillstheintersystemcellreselectioncriteria.
HighervaluesoftheparameterFDDQOFFcanbeusedtokeepMulti-RATMSsintheGSM
system,forexampleifanUMTStoGSMoff-loadprioritysettingisappliedintheUMTS
system.
ThevaluesoftheGSMsignalstrengthandtheUTRANCPICHRSCParenotofthesamekind
andthereforenoteasilycomparable.Thebalancebetweenthesetwoshouldbesetwiththe
offsetFDDQOFF.
TheBSSparametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFFmustbesetincorrelationtothe
correspondingUTRANparameterstoavoidunwantedbehaviour,suchas | ping-pong |
effect.
NotethatthesettingoftheparameterQSIindirectlyrestrictsthecontrolofcellreselection,
sincenocellreselectionwillbemadewithoutUTRANmeasurements.
IfthefollowingcriteriaarefulfilledaMulti-RATcapableMSwillreselectasuitableUTRANcell
(seeReference[11]):

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and

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(1)

CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF

(2)

foraperiodof5seconds.(s+n=servingandneighbouringGSMcells)
CPICHEc/NoisthereceivedenergyperchipontheCommonPilotChannel(CPICH)dividedby
thepowerdensityintheband.ThisquantitymeasuresthequalityoftheneighbouringUTRAN
cells(roughlycomparabletoasignaltonoiseratiomeasure).Tofulfillthefirstcriterion,it
mustexceedthethresholdparameterFDDQMINsetintheBSCandbroadcasttoMulti-RAT
MSsontheBCCHandPBCCH(ifenabled).
CPICHRSCPisameasureofthesignalstrengthforaUTRANcell.Tofulfillthesecond
criterion,itmustexceedtheRLA(measuredsignalstrength)forboththeservingcellandthe
6strongestnon-servingGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellswithanoffsetdefinedbytheparameter
FDDQOFF.IfmorethanoneUTRANcellfulfillsthesecriteria,theMulti-RATMSselectsthe
onewithhighestCPICHRSCP.
RLA(ReceivedLevelAverage)istheaverageofthereceivedsignallevelsmeasuredindBm
forallmonitoredGSMfrequenciesintheBAlist.Theaveragingisbasedonatleastfive
measurementsamplesperRFcarrierspreadover3to5seconds,themeasurementsamples
fromthedifferentRFcarriersbeingspreadevenlyduringthisperiod(seeReference[8]).
RLA=RLA_CforGSMattachedMulti-RATMSsandRLA=RLA_PforGPRS/EGPRSattachedMulti
-RATMSs.
CellreselectionbacktoUTRANshallnotoccurwithin5secondsafterapreviouscell
reselectionfromUTRAN.Ifacellreselectionoccurredwithintheprevious15seconds,an
additionaloffsettoFDDQOFFisincreasedby5dBbythemultiRATMS.
NotethatifthecriteriaforintersystemcellreselectiontoUMTSarefulfilled,theMulti-RAT
capableMSreselectsaUTRANcellevenifthecriteriaforselectingaGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellis
fulfilled.AGPRS/EGPRSMulti-RATMSusesthesamecellreselectionalgorithminpacketidle
mode(noongoingpackettransfer)andinpackettransfermode.
3.3.2.3CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA
WiththefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,amulti-RATmobile
willreselectaUTRANsuitablecellifcellreselectioncriteria(2),alongwith(3)and(4)below
arefulfilled:
CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF

and

(3)

CPICHRSCP>FDDRSCPMIN - min((P_MAX-21 dBm),3dB)

(4)

Withcriterion(3),therequirementofsignalqualitycanbemadelessrestrictiveformulti-RAT
mobilesthatsupportssignalstrengthcriterion(4).P_MAXisthemaximumRFoutputpower
oftheMS(dBm)inUTRANFDD.

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3.3.2.4OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange
ThisfeatureisactivatedbysettingtheparameterNCPROFavalueof1.
ThisfeatureonlyaffectsMSsinpackettransfermodehavingDL/ULTBFwithpayloaddata.
ThisfeaturewillnotaffectanMSinDTMmode,i.e.whentheMSisbothinpackettransfer
modeandcircuitswitcheddedicatedmode.
Thisfeaturewillengagewhenthefloowingcriteriaarefulfilled:
1. ThereisatleastoneWCDMAneighbouringcelltotheservingcell.
2. AdownlinkTBFwithpayloaddatahasbeenestablished.
3. TheTBFsession(UL,DLorboth)islongerthan2seconds.
4. ThecurrentRPloadpermitsanotherMSinNC2mode.
5. TheMSisnotinDTMmode
FromthetimeatestablishmentofthedownlinkTBFwithpayloaddata,adelaytimeof2
secondsisappliedbeforeaffectingtheMSasstatedincriteria(3)above.Thereasontohave
adelayistofilterouttheshortTBFsessionsandtominimizetheloadonthesignalling
channel.
Oncethecriteriaabovearefulfilled,theMSisorderedtoNC2modeandthenetworkcell
reselectionalgorithmisinitiated.Thenetworkcellreselectionalgorithmissimilartothecell
reselectionalgorithmintheMSasdescribedinReference[8]andSection3.3.2.2andis
describedmoreindetailinReference[3].
AfteranMSisinstructedtoperformacellreselectiontoanewcell,itisthenorderedtoleave
NC2asdescribedinReference[14].AftertheMShasenteredthenewcell,itwillnotbeable
tochangetoanothercellduringthefirst5seconds.DuringthisperiodoftimetheMSmaybe
orderedtoNC2againinthenewcellbeforeitcanmakeanydecisionregardingcellchange,
forexample,toaWCDMAcell.
3.3.3

Inter system cell selection after call release

WhenthefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisactivated,theBSCmight
requesttheMStoselectaWCDMAcelldirectlyafterthereleasewithoutfirstselectingthe
servingGSMcell.ThatisdonebyincludingtheIE"Cellselectionindicatorafterreleaseofall
TCHandSDCCH"intheCHANNELRELEASEmessage.TheBSCdoesnotindicateany
individualWCDMAcellbutonlyindicatesthefrequencynumber(s),theUARFCN(s).
IftheGSMcellhasbeenconfiguredwithanActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyList,the
BSCwilldirectamobiletoUTRANwhenthefollowingcriteriaarefulfilled:
1.Thefeatureisactivated
2.ThemobileshallnotbecomeaVGCSlistener
3.TheparameterQSChasnotbeensetto | never |
4.MShasreportedmeasurementsonaUTRANcellwhileindedicatedmode(thereisUTRAN
coverage)
TheBSCwillonlyrequestthemobiletoselectafrequencyreportedbythemobileinthe
measurementreport.
IftheGSMcellhasonlybeenconfiguredwithanIdleUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListor
QSCissetto | never | ,themobilewillnotreportanymeasurementsonUTRANcellsand
theBSCwilldirectthemobiletoUTRANwhenfollowingcriteriaarefulfilled:
1.Thefeatureisactivated.
2.ThemobileshallnotbecomeaVGCSlistener.
3.TheMSisamulti-RATmobile

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SincethemobiledoesnotincludeanyWCDMAcellsinanymeasurementwhennoActive
UTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeendefinedortheQSCparameterissetto15
(=never),theBSCwillinthiscaserequestthemobiletoselectafrequencyincludedfromthe
IdleUTRANMeasurementFrequencyList.
Inthelatterscenario,whenthereisnoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListorthe
QSCissetto15(=never),thereisariskthatthemobilewillbere-directedtoWCDMAeven
thoughthereisnoWCDMAcoverage.ThemobilewillthenunsuccessfullysearchforWCDMA
cellsandafterawhileselectaGSMcell.Insuchacase,thePagingoutagetimewillinstead
increase.ThereforeitisrecommendedtoturnoffthefeatureinGSMcellswheretheUTRAN
coverageispoorandwhennoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeen
configured.
IftheparameterQSIissetto15(=never),meaningthatmobileshouldnotmeasureon
WCDMAcellswhileinidlemode,thefeaturecouldbeturnedoffinordertonotrequestthe
mobiletoselectaWCDMAcell.
ThemobilewillberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcellalsoiftheCSconnectionofaDTMcallis
released.Theinterruptofthepacketdatatransferwillbeshorterifthemobileinsteadis
requestedtoenterNC2inGSM.WiththeparameterFASTRET3GNC2itispossibletochange
thebehaviorsothatthemobileisnotrequestedtoselectaWCDMAcellifthefeature
OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeisactiveandtheCSconnectionofa
DTMcallisreleased.
3.3.4

Inter System Handover

3.3.4.1HandovertoGSM
ThebasisforUMTStoGSMhandoverdecisionsisimplementedintheRadioNetwork
Controller(RNC)intheUTRANsystem.ThealgorithmforUMTStoGSMhandoverinitiationin
EricssonWCDMARANisdescribedinReference[16].Inshort,thehandovercriterionisbased
onthefollowingevent:estimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencyisbelowa
certainthresholdandtheestimatedqualityofthetargetGSMcellisaboveacertain
threshold.
DuringhandoverexecutiontheBSCisinformedviatheMSCthatanintersystemhandoveris
required.ThetargetBSCallocatesresourcesandorderstheMulti-RATMStoaccessthe
targetGSMcellviatheservingRNC.TheBSCwillnotdistinguishbetweenincomingintra-or
intersystemhandovers.
WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoUMTSUnloading,incomingintersystemhandoverswillbe
treateddifferently,seeSection3.3.4.4.
3.3.4.2HandovertoUMTS
ThischapterdescribesthebasichandovermechanismprovidedbythefeatureGSM-WCDMA
CellReselectionandHandover.Thesebasicmechanismismodified/complementedbyother
features,describedinSection3.3.4.3,Section3.3.4.4andSection3.3.4.5.
Incircuitswitchedactivemode(speechanddata),aMulti-RATMSismeasuringneighbouring
UTRANcellsandreportingtotheBSSthroughmeasurementreports.Tobeabletoperform
intersystemmeasurementsalistofUTRANneighboursissenttotheMulti-RATMSonthe
SACCH.TheselistscanbethesameasthelistbroadcastonBCCHtoMulti-RATMSsinidle
mode,butitisalsopossibletosetthemseparatelyinordertohavedifferentUMTS
neighboursinidleandactivemode.Afterchangingfromidletoactivemode,thelastlist
receivedoverBCCHisused(thatis,Idle3G-BA),untilanewoneisreceivedoverSACCH
(thatis,active3G-BA).TheMulti-RATmobileisinformedonhowmanyUMTScells(0-3)that
shallbereportedinthemeasurementreport.ThisissetbyparameterFDDMRR.BSSinforms
themobilewhichmeasurementreporttouse,MeasurementReportorEnhanced

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MeasurementReport.Belowfollowsabriefdescriptionofhowthemobilescomposethe
differentmeasurementreports.
Measurementreporttypeis | MeasurementReport |
WhentheMeasurementReportisused,themulti-RATMSwillcomposethelistasfollows:
1.AddMIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)UTRANcellstothetopofthelist.
2.AddMIN((6-numberofaddedUTRANcells),numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothe
list.
3.Ifthereismorespaceinthemeasurementreport,addremainingvalidUTRANcells.
NotethatifmultipleGSM-bandsareused,therewillbefewpositionsinthemeasurement
reportforcellsfromthosebands,sinceonlysixcellscanbereportedinthemeasurement
report.FormoreinformationonMultibandoperation,seeReference[6].
AlsonotethatifFDDMRRissetto0andifthenumberofvalidGSMcellsarenotenoughto
fillthelist,UTRANcellsmaybereported.
UTRANneighbouringcellsarereportedreusingthefieldsdefinedforGSMneighbouringcells
measurements.
ForGSMneighbourcells,theRXLEVfieldisasusualcodedasthebinaryrepresentationofthe
receivedsignalstrengthontheneighbouringcell.ForUTRANneighbourcells,theRXLEVfield
isinsteadcodedasthebinaryrepresentationofCPICHEc/No(definedinReference[8]).
ForGSMneighbourcells,theBCCH-FREQfieldisasusualcodedasthebinaryrepresentation
ofthemeasuredcell'spositionintheBAlist.ForUTRANneighbourcells,theBCCH-FREQfield
isalwayscodedas31(binary).ThismeansthatthemaximumnumberofGSMneighbouring
cellsisreducedfrom32to31incellshavingUTRANneighbouringcellsdefined.
AUTRANcellisuniquelyidentifiedwithitsfrequencyandscramblingcodecombinationso
thereisnoequivalenttoBSICforGSMcells.InthefieldwhereBSICisusuallyreportedfor
GSMcells,thebinaryrepresentationofthemeasuredUTRANcell'spositionintheactive3GBAlistiscoded.
Measurementreporttypeis | EnhancedMeasurementReport |
WhentheEnhancedMeasurementReportisusedthemulti-RATMSwillcomposethelistin
thefollowingpriortyorder:
1.Fromservingband,addMIN(3,numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothelist.
2.Fromeachnon-servingband,addMIN(MBCR,numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothe
list.
3.AddMIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)UTRANcellstothelist.
4.IfpossibleaddremainingGSMcellsandUTRANcells.Thecellstoincludeareselectedby
theMS.ThecellsarerankedbycomparingRXLEVforGSMcellswithCPICHRSCPforUTRAN
cells.
NotethatthereisariskthatthemobilewillnotreportthenumberofUTRANcellsas
indicatedbyFDDMRR.HoweverwhenUTRANcellsarereported,theBSCwillalwaysevaluate
MIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)numberofUTRANcellswhenproducingthefinal
handovercandidatelist.
UponreceivingthemeasurementsfromaMulti-RATMS,theBSCisperformingthelocating
algorithminordertocreateacandidatelistforhandovers.MeasuredUTRANandGSMcells
areprocessedseparately.ThisisdonebyfilteringouttheUTRANcellmeasurementsbefore
applyingtheGSMlocatingalgorithm.

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TheGSMlocatingalgorithmismodifiedinordertoprocessbothUTRANandGSM
neighbouringcells,asshownontheFigure3.

Figure3ModifiedLocatingAlgorithm.MeasurementfromUMTSandGSMCellsAre
ProcessedSeparatelyandUTRANCellsAreAddedtotheGSMList
TheexistingGSM-GSMlocatingalgorithmiskeptintact.Paralleltothat,aGSM-UMTS
algorithmranksUTRANneighbourcellsandaddspossiblecandidatestothecomplete
candidatelist.ForfilteringGSMmeasurements,differentfilterscanbeused,seeReference
[4].ForUTRANcellmeasurements,astraightaveragefiltercanonlybeusedwithafixedset
ofparameter.
ThekeyparametersthatcontrolhandoversfromGSMtoUMTSareQSCandMRSL.Thefirst
parametercontrolswhentheMulti-RATMSshouldmeasureonUMTS-frequencies,thesecond
istheUTRANqualitycriterionwhichisvalidatedinBSS.

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AllUTRANcellstobeaddedtothecandidatelistmustfulfillthequalitycriterion:
CPICHEc/No>=MRSL

(5)

wherethethresholdparameterMRSLissetintheBSC.
Othercriteriathatmustbefulfilledarerelatedtoeitherloadorurgency.AUTRANcellwillbe
ahandovercandidateonlyifanyorbothoftheurgencyorloadcriteriaarefulfilledinaddition
tothequalitycriterion(5).Theurgencycriteriamaybeduetolargetimingadvance,bad
downlinkqualityorbaduplinkquality.Theurgencycriteriaaredescribedinmoredetailin
Reference[4].Theloadcriterionisdescribedbelow.
PercentageofidleTCHintheservingcell<=ISHOLEV

(6)

whereISHOLEVisaloadrelatedthresholdsetintheBSCpercell.TheUTRANcellwillbea
candidateifthepercentageofidleTCHsfromthetotalnumberofTCHsislowerorequalthan
athreshold.Inotherwords,theremainingfreetrafficresourceshavetobebelowa
threshold,inordertoinitiateevaluationofUTRANcellsforhandover.DedicatedPDCHsare
regardedasbusytrafficchannelswhenevaluatingtheparameterISHOLEV.On-demand
PDCHsareregardedaseitheridleorbusydependingonthesettingofthecell
parameterGPRSPRIO(seeReference[7]).Trafficloadintheservingcellischecked
periodically.ThisperiodissetwithperBSCwiththeexchangepropertyCOEXUMTSTINT.
Regardlessofusedhandovercriterion,allvalidneighbouringUTRANcellsaresortedinorder
ofdecreasingCPICHEc/No.AfinalcandidatelistiscreatedbypossiblyaddingUTRANcellsto
theGSMcandidatecellsaccordingtothetablebelow.
Table1Cellorderinthefinalhandovercandidatelist."Load"and"Noload"isinrelationtoparameterISHOL

Non-urgencyHO

UrgencyHO

Noload

Load

Noload

Load

UG

GU

UG

Legend:G-onlyGSMcellsinthecandidatelist,UG-UTRANcellsareaddedonthetopofthe
candidatelist,GU-UTRANcellsareaddedatthebottomofthecandidatelist. | Load |
indicatesthattheloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled. | Urgency | indicatesthatanyofthe
urgencycriteriaisfulfilled.
Ifanintersystemhandoverfails,theparameterTALLOCisusedtopreventthatanew
candidatelistwillbeimmediatelysentwiththesameUTRANcell(s),seeReference[4].
Thevalueof MRSLshoulddependonthecorrespondingsettingsintheUTRANcell,inorder
toavoidunwantedping-pongeffects,forexample.Also,MRSLshouldbesetaccordingto
FDDQMIN.Forexample,inordertobalancethebehaviourinactiveandidlemode, MRSL
canhavethesamevalueasFDDQMIN.
ISHOLEVdefinesthemainbehaviourofGSM-UMTShandovers.With ISHOLEV=99(max.
value),UMTSwillbealwaysprioritized.WithdifferentvaluesofISHOLEVhandoverstoUMTS
willbetriggeredonlyincaseofhightrafficintheservingGSMcell.Therefore,atrafficoffloadisachieved.Otherparametersneedtobecarefullyset,dependingonthewanted
strategy.
Example1:Itiswantedtooff-loadGSMtraffic,andinthesametimeextendUMTScoverage.
Inthiscase ISHOLEVshouldbesettothewantedtrafficthreshold, QSCshouldbesetto7

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(always),ortovalues8-14ifthecellsareco-sited.ThisisbecausenoGSMsignallevel
criterionisneeded.
Example2:ItisonlywantedtoextendUMTScoveragewithGSM.ISHOLEVshouldbethan
setto99inordertoprioritizeUMTSallthetime.BothQSCandQSIshouldbesetto7,or814ifthecellsareco-sited. FDDQOFFcanbe-infsinceallMSsaretobethrownbackto
UMTSinidlemodeaswell.
IftheGSMistobeextendedwiththeUMTScoverage,QSChastobeusedasathreshold
belowwhichUTRANmeasurementscanstart.InthatcaseISHOLEVshouldbesetto99.
3.3.4.3HandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator
WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thehandovercriteriaprovided
withGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoveraremodifieddependingonthevalueofthe
ServiceIndicator.TheServiceIndicatorisaBSSinternalparameterthatindicateswhether
theMSChasanypreferenceoninwhichsystem,GSMorWCDMA,aCSconnectionshallbe
served.ItwillhavethevalueasreceivedintheInformationElement | Service
Handover | intheBBSMAPmessagesHandoverRequestandAssignmentRequestorthe
value | nopreference | iftheMSChasomittedtheInformationElement | Service
Handover | .The | ServiceHandover | InformationElementmayhavethevalues
| HandovertoUTRANshouldbeperformed | , | HandovertoUTRANshouldnotbe
performed | or | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbeperformed | .
IftheMSCindicatesthattheconnectionshallnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSnever
triggersahandovertoUTRAN.IftheMSCindicatesthataconnectionshouldnotbehanded
overtoUTRAN,BSSonlytriggersahandovertoUTRANincaseanyurgencycriterionis
fulfilledintheGSMcell.IncasetheMSCindicatesthatahandovershouldbeperformed,BSS
triggersahandovertoUTRANwhenthesignalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough,
regardlessofthetrafficload.
TheServiceIndicatorisvalidperCSconnectionbutmaybechangedduringacall.
Regardlessofusedhandovercriteria,allvalidneighbouringUTRANcellsaresortedinorderof
decreasingCPICHEc/No.AfinalcandidatelistiscreatedbypossiblyaddingUTRANcellsto
theGSMcandidatecellsaccordingtothetablebelow.
Table2CellorderinthefinalhandovercandidatelistwhenServiceIndicatorisused."Load"and"Noload"isi

Non-urgencyHO

UrgencyHO

Noload

Load

Noload

Load

Nopreference

UG

GU

UG

Should

UG

UG

UG

UG

shouldnot

GU

GU

shallnot

Legend:G-onlyGSMcellsinthecandidatelist,UG-UTRANcellsareaddedonthetopofthe
candidatelist,GU-UTRANcellsareaddedatthebottomofthecandidatelist. | Load |
indicatesthattheloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled. | Urgency | indicatesthatanyofthe
urgencycriteriaisfulfilled.

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Example1.IftheServiceIndicatorhasthevalue | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbe
performed | ,theurgencycriterionforTimingAdvanceisfulfilled,andtheloadcriterion(6)
isfulfillednohandovertoUTRANwilltakeplacesincethefinalhandovercandidatelistwill
notcontainanyUTRANcells.
Example2.IftheServiceIndicatorhasthevalue | HandovertoUTRANshouldbe
performed | andtheloadcriterion(6)isNOTfulfilled,handovertoUTRANwillbetriggered
ifthereareanyUTRANcellsthatfulfillthequalitycriterion(5).
3.3.4.4SmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading
WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,themaximumnumberofhandoversto
performpersecondtoUTRANissetwiththeparameterMAXISHO,definedperGSMcell.
WhenthenumberofhandovershavereachedthevaluesetbyMAXISHO,UTRANcellsare
notincludedinthecandidatelistproducedbyLocating.Onlythenumberofhandoversthat
aretriggeredbecauseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell(loadcriterion(6)fulfilled),are
excludedandcounted.HandoversforconnectionswiththeServiceIndicatorwithavalue
otherthan | Nopreference | ,arenotcountednorexcluded.Neitherarehandoversdue
tourgencyexcludedorcounted.
IncominghandoversfromUTRANwithoutServiceIndicatorandwhichhascausevalues
"DirectedRetry"or"Reduceloadinservingcell'willberejectedincaseofhightrafficloadin
theGSMcell,thatiswhenloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled.
3.3.4.5CombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA
WiththefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAitispossibletocontrolthe
measurementreportingofUTRANneighbouringcells.Theparameter FDDREPTHR2definesa
thresholdforthenonreportingradioentityoftheUTRANcells.NoUTRANcellswillbe
includedinthemeasurementreportsfromtheMSunlessthenonreportingUTRANradio
entityisabovethedefinedthreshold.SinceUTRANcellsarereportedusingtheradioentity
CPICHEc/No,theparameterFDDREPTHR2isrelatedtotheUTRANradioentityCPICHRSCP.
ThethresholdparameterFDDREPTHR2assuresasufficientdownlinksignalstrengthofthe
UTRANcell,whichinturnincreasesthepossibilityforthemobiletoreachtheUTRANcellin
theuplink.
ThethresholdparameterFDDREPTHR2isusedbyMSsbeinginconnectedmodeaswellas
MSsbeinginNC2mode.
3.3.4.6QueuingofWCDMACallsinBSS
ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork
accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe
directedretryprocedure.DirectedretryisusedduringcallsetupinWCDMAtosendthecall
toGSMduringcongestionintheWCDMAnetwork.Priorityandqueuinginformationissent
fromthecorenetworktoBSSaspartofthedirectedretryprocedure.Incaseofcongestionin
thetargetGSMcell,thehighprioritysubscriberisthenqueuedinBSS,togetherwithother
highprioritysubscribers,accordingtotheirpriorityandtimeofarrivalinBSSuntilthereare
freeresourcesintheGSMcelloruntilatime-out(after10seconds)inBSS.
ThisfeatureworksasdescribedevenifthefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadingis
enabled.
Formoredetailsaboutthisfeature,seeReference[1]

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Location Area Update Procedure

Tomakeitpossiblefortheend-usertoreceiveacall,thenetworkmustknowwheretheMS
islocated.TokeepthenetworkupdatedonthelocationoftheMS,thesystemisinformedby
theMS.ThisiscalledLocationUpdating(seeReference[2]).
AnoperatorcanconfigureGSMandUMTScellstobemembersofthesameregistrationarea
(thatis,sameLAI)andtheMulti-RATMSdoesnotneedtoperformlocationupdatejust
becausethemobilehaschangedfromaUMTStoaGSMcell.AMulti-RATMSinitiatesnormal
locationupdatingwhenitdetectsthatithasenteredanewlocationarea.WhentheMulti-RAT
MSislisteningtothesysteminformationtransmittedontheservingcell,itwillcomparethe
broadcastLocationAreaIdentity(LAI)withtheonestoredintheMulti-RATMS.Ifthe
broadcastLAIdiffersfromtheonestored,alocationupdatingtypenormalwillbeinitiated
andthenewLAIwillbestoredintheMulti-RATMS.
IfaGSM-UMTShandoverhasoccurredtoanewLAduringacall,LocationUpdatingis
performedafterthecallhasfinished.
3.3.6

Routing Area Update Procedure

AnoperatorcanconfigureGSMandUMTScellstobemembersofthesameregistrationarea
(thatis,sameRAI).DuringanintersystemcellreselectionfromGPRS/EGPRStoUMTSor
UMTStoGPRS/EGPRS,differentproceduresarefolloweddependingonthemobility
managementstate(thatis,StandbyorReadystate)andtheNetworkOperationMode.
Generallythesameproceduresareusedatintersystemcellreselectionbetween
GPRS/EGPRSandUMTSasforGPRS/EGPRScellreselection(seeReference[3]).AMulti-RAT
MSinitiatesaroutingareaupdatewhenitdetectsthatithasenteredanewroutingarea.
Inshort,thefollowingrelationsbetweenGPRS/EGPRSandUMTSmobilitymanagement
statesapplies:
UMTSPS-ConnectedStatecorrespondstoGPRS/EGPRSReadyState.
UMTSPS-IdleStatecorrespondstoGPRS/EGPRSStandbyState.
WhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-ConnectedStatechangestotheGSMradioaccess,orin
GPRS/EGPRSReadyStatechangestotheUMTSradioaccess,theMulti-RATMSinitiates
| RAupdate | procedureindependentofwhethertheRAhaschangedornot.
WhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-IdleStatechangestotheGSMradioaccess,orin
GPRS/EGPRSStandbyStatechangestoUMTSradioaccess,theMulti-RATMSinitiates | RA
update | procedureonlyiftheRAchanges.
IftheRAdoesnotchangewhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-IdleStatechangesto
GPRS/EGPRSStandbyState(orviseversa),theMulti-RATMSshallinitiate | SelectiveRA
update | procedure.ThismeansthattheMulti-RATMSonlyperformsaRAUpdatewhen
uplinkdataorsignallingisrequiredorwhenitgetspaged(seeReference[9]).
TheGPRS/EGPRSMulti-RATMSperformsa | CombinedLA/RAUpdate | ifthenetwork
operatesinNetworkOperationModeIandiftheMulti-RATMSisbothPSandCSattached
(Reference[9]).

3.4RelatedStatistics
3.4.1

Impact on Legacy Counters

None.

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Statistics for Performance Management

ThereareanumberofcountersperUTRANcellrelationintheobjectNUCELLRELCNT.
Countersrelatedtohandoverperformanceontheairinterface
Thenumberofhandovercommandssenttomobilestation,withtheneighbouringUTRANcell
astargetcell(HOVERCNTUTRAN).
ThenumberofsuccessfulhandoverstotheneighbouringUTRANcell(HOVERSUCUTRAN).
ThenumberofhandoverattemptstotheneighbouringUTRANcellwhentheMSreturnedto
theoldchannel(HORTTOCHUTRAN).
ThenumberofhandovercommandssenttomobilestationduetourgencyintheGSMcell,
withtheneighbouringUTRANcellastargetcell(URGHOVERUTRAN).
Thenumberofsuccessfulhandoverattempts,duetourgencyintheGSMcell,tothe
neighbouringUTRANcell(SUCURGHOUTRAN).
CountersrelatedtohandoverproceduresontheA-interface
ThenumberofhandoverrequiredsenttotheneighbouringUTRANcell(HOREQCNTUTRAN).
CountersrelatedtothefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator
NumberofhandoverattemptstoaneighbouringUTRANcellbecausetheServiceHandover
valueissetto | HandovertoUTRANshouldbeperformed | (HOATTSHOULDUTRAN).
CountersrelatedtothefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange
ThenumberofTBFspercellwherecellreselectiontoUTRANwasavoidedatleastoncewhile
inNC2(IRATPREV).
CountersrelatedtothefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallRelease
ThenumberoftimeswhenthemessageCHANNELRELEASEissentwiththeIE"Cellselection
indicatorafterreleaseofallTCHandSDCCH"

4EngineeringGuidelines
4.1Multi-RATMSCapabilities
ItisimportanttousetheEarlyClassmarksendingtoassurethatthesystemknowsaboutthe
Multi-RATcapabilities.WithEarlyclassmarksending(settingofparameterECSC=YES),the
Multi-RATMSwillthensendClassmarkChangeassoonaspossibleaftercallsetup.Inthis
message,MSClassmark3isincluded,inwhichtheMulti-RATcapabilitiesofthemobileare
described.

4.2SystemInformation
TheUTRANcellstobemonitoredforintersystemcellreselectionaredefinedinthe3G
neighbouringcelllistbroadcastonBCCH(SystemInformationType2quater).IfalsoaPBCCH
exists,the3GneighbouringcelllistisbroadcastonPBCCH(PacketSystemInformationType
3quater).The3Gneighbouringcelllistmaycontainupto64UTRANneighbours.
TheSI2quaterandPSI3quatermessagesareonlybroadcastifanyUTRANneighbouring
cellsexistandtheexchangepropertyCOEXUMTSissettoON.

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SI2quatermaybesentoneitherBCCHnormalorBCCHextended(seeReference[12]).If
notallinformationfitsintooneSI2quatermessage,theremaininginformationwillbesentin
otherinstancesofthismessage.
WhenSI2quaterissent,AGBLKisrecommendedtobesetto1inthefollowingcases:
SI2bisandSI2teraresent.
GPRS/EGPRSisactiveandSI2bisissent.
GPRS/EGPRSisactiveandSI2terissent.
ThisisbecauseSystemInformation2quaterwillsharethesameresourcesasSystem
Information13and/orSystemInformation2teronBCCHnormalimplyinglongercyclefor
theseSystemInformationtobebroadcast.Thiscouldimpactcellselection/reselection
performance.WhenAGBLK=1,eitherSI2quaterorSystemInformation13areplacedon
BCCHextendedintheabovecases.However,useofBCCHextendedimpliesreductionofthe
pagingcapacitysinceBCCHextendedsharestheresourcewithPCHandAGCH,seefurther
Reference[2].

4.3CellReselectiontoUMTS
4.3.1

Camping Strategy for a Combined WCDMA/GSM Network

Thechoiceofsystemforidlemodecampingisimportant.TheMulti-RATMSshouldcampon
thesystemwhereitisexpectedtosetupitsservicesandwhereitwillbepaged.Inorderfor
theMulti-RATMStobeabletoaccessUTRANspecificservicesitneedtocamponUTRAN.
Therecommendedstrategyistherefore:
| camponUTRANwheneverthereisUTRANcoverage.
OutsideUTRANcoveragetheMulti-RATMSwillcamponGSM,togetaccesstostandardGSM
services.OnceaUTRANcellisselected/reselectedtheparametersettinginUTRANshouldtry
tokeeptheUEinUTRANaslongasthequalityandreceivedsignalstrengthoftheUTRANcell
isgoodenough.
TheGSMparametersettingsrecommendedinthisengineeringguidelineenablethecamping
strategydescribedabove.
4.3.2

Cell Selection

ItistheinitialprocessofthePLMNselectionthatdecideswhatPLMNwillbechoseninitially.
ThisprocesswilldependontheMStype,aswellasbothoperatorcontrollableanduser
controllabledatastoredontheSIMcard,suchaspreferredPLMNandRAT(seeSection
3.3.1andReference[10]).Thattypeofdatacannotbecontrolledbythecellreselection
parameters,assentbytheGSMnetworkinsysteminformationmessages.
4.3.3

Cell Reselection to UMTS

ItisimportanttocoordinatetheparametersinGSMandUTRANtoachievethewantedinter
RATcellreselectionbehaviourandthusasmoothco-existence.Forextensiveinformationon
thecellreselectionalgorithmfromUTRANtoGSMandcorrespondingparameters,parameter
rangesanddefaultvalues,seeReference[15].
Therecommendedcellreselectionparametersettinginthefollowingsubchaptersare
coordinatedwiththecorrespondingparameterrecommendationsforUTRANtoGSMcell
reselectionfoundinReference[15].

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4.3.3.1MeasurementsonUTRANNeighbouringCells
TheparameterQSIcontrolswhenthemulti-RATMSshallperformmeasurementsonUTRAN
neighbouringcells.
ToenablecellreselectiontoUTRANinareaswithgoodGSMcoverageitisnecessaryto
measureonUTRANalsowhenGSMcoverageisgood.TherecommendationisthatGSMcells
thathaveUTRANneighbourcellsshouldhavetheQSIvaluesettoalways.
4.3.3.2CellReselectionAlgorithm
WhenanMSisinNC0orNC1mode,thealgorithmforcellreselectionfromGSMtoWCDMAis
controlledwiththeparametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFF.FDDQMINdefinestheminimum
qualityoftheaWCDMAcellforcellreselection,measuredinCPICHEc/No.Thisparameteris
usedtoassureasufficientqualityofthecandidateWCDMAcell.FDDQOFFsetsanoffset,
positiveornegative,betweensignalqualityofGSMcellsandthedefinedWCDMAneighbours.
Thecellreselectioncriteriaare:
CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN

and

(1)

CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF

(2)

WhereRLA(s+n)istheaveragedreceivedsignallevel[dBm]forboththeservingGSMcelland
itsstrongestGSMneighbours.
Foramulti-RATMSjustenteredGSMaping-pongbacktoUTRANisprohibitedbyatimer.
Themulti-RATMSmustfulfilthetwocellreselectioncriteriaaboveforaperiodof5seconds
afterthecellreselectiontoGSMandanadditionaloffsetof5dBwillbeaddedtoFDDQOFF
during15seconds.
ToachievethepreferredcampingbehaviourtheMulti-RATMSshouldcamponUTRANwhen
thereisUTRANcoverage.ThismeansthatanegativevaluemustbesetforFDDQOFFifcell
reselectionshallbepossiblewhenGSMcoverageisgood.Adrawbackwouldbethatcell
reselectiontoaweakUTRANcellcouldbemadewhenGSMcoverageisgood.Usingahigher
settingofFDDQMINpreventssucheffect.AsettingofFDDQMINasbelow,
FDDQMIN>qQualMin+sRatSearch+ahysteresis,
preventsthemulti-RATMSfrommakingcellreselectiontoaweakUTRANcell.This
FDDQMINparametersettingwillalsomakesurethatthemulti-RATMSwillnotstartto
measureontheGSMcellsimmediatelyincasetheMShasmadeacellreselectiontoUTRAN.
qQualMinandsRatSearcharetheUTRANparametersthatdefinetheminimumqualitylevel
thatisrequiredforaUTRANcellandatwhichpointthemeasurementonGSMcellsshall
start,seeReference[15].ItshallbenotedthattheqQualMinandsRatSearchparametersare
relatedtotheidlemode,Cell_FachstateandURA_PCHstateinWCDMA.Anothercaseisifa
packettransferisongoingandifthepackettransferisgoingtocontinueusingadedicated
channelontheWCDMAside.AsettingofFDDQMINasbelow,
FDDQMIN>usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ahysteresis
preventsthemulti-RATMSfromstartingmeasurementsonGSMcellsimmediatelyincasethe
MShasmadeacellreselectiontoWCDMAandendeduponadedicatedchannelinWCDMA.
TherecommendedparametersettingofFDDQMINandFDDQOFFarethefollowing:
FDDQMIN=-10dB

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FDDQOFF=-inf
Thisparametersettingwillgiveacellreselectionalgorithmthatbasisthecellreselectionon
thequalityoftheUTRANcellonly,thissincethecellreselectioncriteria2abovewillbe
fulfilledforallUTRANneighbours.
4.3.3.3CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA
Multi-RATmobilesthatsupportRSCPevaluationbeforetriggeringacellreselectionto
WCDMA,willevaluateUTRANcellsaccordingtocellreslectioncriteria(2),(3)and(4)below:
CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF

(2)

CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF

(3)

and

CPICHRSCP>FDDRSCPMIN-min((P_MAX-21), 3dB)

(4)

TherecommendedsettingsofFDDQOFFandFDDQMINareasdescribedinSection4.3.3.2.
TheparameterFDDQMINOFFhasapositivevalueandwilldecreasetheminimaldownlink
qualityCPICHEc/N0requiredforacellreselectiontotheUTRANcellandwiththesame
argumentsasinSection4.3.3.2,thefollowingsettingisrecommendedforFDDQMINOFFin
combinationwithFDDQMIN:
FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF>qQualMin+sRatSearch+ahysteresis
DuetotherecommendedsettingofqQualMInandsRATSearch,FDDQMINOFFcaneither
takethevale0or2dBandtherecommendedsettingofFDDQMINOFFis:
FDDQMINOFF=0dB.
TheabsoluteminimumCPICHRSCPvaluetoreselectaUTRANcellisgivenbytheselection
parameterqRxLevMininUTRAN.AsettingofFDDRSCPMINasbelow,
FDDRSCPMIN>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat+ahysteresis
preventsthemulti-RATmobiletotriggerareselectiontoaweakUTRANcell.This
FDDRSCPMINparametersettingwillalsomakesurethatthemulti-RATMSwillnotstartto
measureontheGSMcellsimmediatelyincasetheMShasmadeacellreselectiontoUTRAN.
qRxLevMinandsHcsRataretheUTRANparametersthatdefinetheminimum | signal
strength | (CPICHRSCP)thatisrequiredforaUTRANcellandatwhichpointthe
measurementonGSMcellsshallstart,seeReference[15].
ItshallbenotedthattheqRxLevMinandSHcsRatparametesarerelatedtotheidlemodeand
theCellFachstateinWCDMA.Anothercaseisifapackettransferisongoingandifthe
packettransferisgoingtocontinueusingadedicatedchannelontheWCDMAside.Asetting
ofFDDRSCPMINasbelow,
FDDRSCPMIN>usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ahysteresis
TherecommendedsettingofFDDRSCPminis:
FDDRSCPMIN= | 102dBm

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Notethatforamobilewiththemaximumoutputpowerof21dBm,thecellreselectionwillbe
performedatthislevelbutforamobilewiththemaximumpoweroutputof24dBm,thecell
reselectionwillbeperformedat | 105dBm.
4.3.3.4OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange
SincethisfeatureisbasedonNC2,itisimportantthattheparametersforNC2areconfigured
properlytothenetwork,seeReference[3].
4.3.4

Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM

ForinformationoncellreselectionfromUTRANtoGSMandcorrespondingparameters,
ranges,anddefaultvalues,seeReference[15].

4.4Intersystemcellselectionaftercallrelease
WhenthereisnoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListdefined,thereisariskthatthe
mobilewillbere-directedtoWCDMAeventhoughthereisnoWCDMAcoverage.Themobile
willthenunsuccessfullysearchforWCDMAcellsandafterawhileselectaGSMcell.Insucha
case,thePagingoutagetimewillinsteadincrease.Thereforeitisrecommendedtouse
commandRLRWEtoturnoffthefeatureinGSMcellswheretheUTRANcoverageispoorand
whennoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeenconfigured.
Iftheparameter QSIissetto15(=never),meaningthatmobileshouldnotmeasureon
WCDMAcellswhileinidlemode,itisrecommendedtoturnoffthefeature(command
RLRWE)intheGSMcellinordertonotrequestthemobiletoselectaWCDMAcellaftercall
release.
IfashorterpacketdatatransfertimehashigherprioritythanashorterPagingoutagetime,
theparameterFASTRET3GNC2shouldbesetto1(=no-redirect)sothatthemobileisnot
requestedtoselectaWCDMAcellwhenthefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMA
CellChangeisactiveandaCSconnectionofaDTMcallisreleased.

4.5InterSystemHandover
4.5.1

General

ItisimportanttocoordinatetheparametersinGSMandUTRANtoachievethewantedinter
systemhandoverbehaviourandthusasmoothco-existence.Therecommendedhandover
parametersettinginthefollowingsubchapteriscoordinatedwiththecorrespondingUTRAN
handoverparametersettingfoundinReference[16].
4.5.2

Handover to UTRAN

Thefollowinghandoverparametersettingisrecommended:
1.SPRIO=Yes,motivation:securethatMulti-RATmobileshaveenoughtimefor3G
measurementsalsoforthecasethentheMulti-RATmobileisbusywithmeasurementon
GMSneighbours.
2.FDDMRR=1incasetheGSMcellhasGSMneighboursindifferentGSMbands(thatis,
GSM900and1800band),motivation:minimizetheimpactonthemeasurementofGSM
neighbours.
FDDMRR=2incasetheGSMcellhasneighbourswithinoneGSMband.Motivation:
minimizeimpactonGSMmeasurementsbutallowmore3Gneighbourstobereported
comparedtothecaseabove.

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3.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative1,GSMusedtoextendUTRANcoverageandoff-loadGSM
systematcertaintrafficloadthreshold):
SetQSC=7(always)orQSC=8(above-78dBm)forUTRANcellco-sitedwithGSMcell.Set
ISHOLEV=wantedtrafficloadatwhichthehandoverUTRANshallstart.
4.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative2,GSMusedtoextendUTRANcoverage):
SetQSC=7(always)orQSC=8(above-78dBm)forUTRANcellco-sitedwithGSMcell.Set
ISHOLEV=99.
5.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative3,GSMtobeextendedwithUTRANcoverage):
SetQSC=1(below-94dBm)SetISHOLEV=99.
6. QSCI=1(always).
7.MRSL=30(-9dB)Motivation:thevalueoftheMRSLparametershallbesetsothata
handovertoUTRANisnotimmediatelyfollowedbya | ping-pong"handoverbacktoGSM
andtoavoidstartingGSMmeasurementsdirectlywhenenteringUTRAN.Thisisachievedif
theMRSLparameterhasthefollowingrelationtotheUTRANparameter
usedFreqThresh2dEcno:
MRSL>usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ahysteresis.
Thesettingto-9dBfulfillstherelationsaboveusingthedefaultsettingoftheUTRAN
parameterusedFreqThresh2dEcno.
TheUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2decno definestheEc/Nothresholdwhenstarting
tomeasureonGSMcells.
UTRANmayalsostartmeasurementsifmeasuredCPICHRSCP,whichisameasureofthe
downlinksignalstrength,isbelowUsedFreqThresh2dRscp.Sinceitmayaccurthatthe
measuredsignalqualityCPICHECN0isgoodbutthesignalstrengthweak,therecommended
MRSLsettingabovemayhavetobeadjustedtoahighervaluetopreventping-pong
handovers.
Theevent3aisusedinUTRANtotriggertheexecutionofahandoverfromUTRANtoGSM,
forfurtherinformationseeReference[16].Themeasurementevent3aisdefinedasfollows:
theestimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencyisbelowacertainthresholdand
theestimatedqualityoftheGSMsystemisaboveacertainthresholdinthesametime
interval.
4.5.3

Combined Handover Triggering GSM to WCDMA

InadditiontotherecommendedparametersettinginSection4.5.2thefollowingparameter
settingsarerecommended:
1.FDDREPTHR2=16(-100dBm).Motivation:thevalueoftheFDDREPTRH2parameter
shallbesetsothatahandovertoUTRANisnotimmediatelyfollowedbya | ping-pong |
handoverbacktoGSMandtoavoidstartingGSMmeasurementsdirectlywhenentering
UTRAN.ThisisachievediftheFDDREPTHR2parameterhasthefollowingrelationtothe
UTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscp:
FDDREPTHR2>usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ahysteresis.
Therecommendedsettingto-100dBmfulfillstherelationsaboveusingthedefaultsettingof
theUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscp.
TheUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscpdefinestheCPICHRSCPthresholdwhen
startingtomeasureonGSMcells.

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Handover to GSM

ForfurtherinformationregardingthehandoveralgorithmfromUTRANtoGSM,seeReference
[16].
4.5.5

Smooth GSM to WCDMA Unloading

Thefollowingparametersettingsarerecommended:
MAXISHO=2,Motivation:therateatwhichloadvariesinacellpersecondisnormally
relatedtothecellsize.Assumingacellwith20channelsandameanholdingtimeof90
seconds,callsareinaveragesetupwitharateof20calls/90s,thatis,lessthanonecallper
second.Therefore,tokeeptheloadlevelclosetoISHOLEV,alimitationof2handoversper
secondshouldbesufficient.Notethataslongastherearemulti-RATMSsinthecell,theload
willvaryaroundthevaluesetbyISHOLEV.

5Parameters
5.1General
ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverisactivatedperBSCwiththe
exchangepropertyCOEXUMTS.InadditionthefeaturesCombinedCellReselection
TriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAcanbe
activatedwiththisexchangeproperty.
ThefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicatorisactivatedperBSCwiththeexchange
propertySBHOACTIVE.
ThefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadingisactivatedperBSCwiththeexchange
propertyCOEXUMTSLSH.
UTRANFDDneighbouringcellsareidentifiedwithafrequencyandscramblingcode
combination.Inidlemode,themeasurementfrequency(MFDDARFCN)andscramblingcode
MSCRCODEfortheneighbouringUTRANcellsaredefinedwithintheparameterUMFI.This
parameterisalsousedtodefineifdiversityisappliedornotforanUTRANcell.Upto64
UTRANneighbouringcellsmaybedefinedperGSMcell.Inactivemode,withinthedefinition
ofneighbouringcellrelations,severalparametersaredefiningoneneighbouringUTRANcell:
RadioFrequencyChannelNumber(FDDARFCN),ScramblingCode(SCRCODE),CellIdentity
(UTRANID)andtheMinimumReportedSignalLevelforCPICHEc/No(MRSL).UTRANID
consistsoftheRNCIdentity(RNCID),CellIdentitywithintheRNC(CI),MCC,MNCand
LAC.
ThefeatureNC2isactivatedpercellusingthecommandRLNMI.TheNC2profileisselected
viatheparameterNCPROF.

5.2MainControllingParameters
5.2.1

Feature Controlling Parameters

COEXUMTS

isusedtoenablethefeaturesGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,
CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringandCombinedHandoverTriggering
GSMtoWCDMA.TheparameterisaBSCexchangeproperty.

0OFF;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombinedCell
ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAarenotactivated.
1ON;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverisactivated

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2ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombined
CellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAareactivated
3ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombined
HandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAareactivated
4ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,CombinedCell
ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandCombinedHandoverTriggering
GSMtoWCDMAareactivated
COEXUMTSLSH

isusedtodetermineifrejectionofincominghandoversfromUTRANand
limitationofthenumberofoutgoinghandoverstoUTRANduetoloadin
GSMisallowed(=ON)ornot(=OFF)intheBSC.TheparameterisaBSC
exchangeproperty.
0OFF
1ON

FASTRET3G

showstheactivationstatusofthefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCall
Release(activated/deactivated/printedwiththecommands
RLRWI/RLRWE/RLRWP).

Active
Inactive

FASTRET3GNC2 controlswhethertoredirectDTMcallsaftercallreleasewhenthefeature
OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeisactive.The
parameterisaBSCexchangeproperty.

0re-direct
1donotre-direct
NCPROF

indicateswhichNC2profileistobeactivatedinacellwhenanMSisin
NC2mode.Thedefaultvalueis1whichactivatesthefeatureOptimized

throughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange.Thevaluerangeis1 | 255,
where2 | 255areundefined.

SBHOACTIVE

isusedtodetermineifhandoverwithusageofServiceIndicatorisallowed
(=ON)ornot(=OFF)intheBSC.TheparameterisaBSCexchange
property.

0OFF
1ON

5.2.2

Parameters for Inter System Cell Reselection to UMTS

FDDQMIN

definestheminimumthresholdforthe | quality | measureEc/Noforcell


reselectiontoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcellandappliesfor
allitsUTRANneighbours.

FDDQMINOFF definesanoffsettothethresholdFDDQMIN.Thisparameterisdefinedper

GSMcellandappliesforallitsUTRANneighbours.

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FDDQOFF

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definestheminimumthresholdforthe | quality | measureEc/Noforcell


reselectiontoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcellandappliesfor
allitsUTRANneighbours.

FDDRSCPMIN definestheminimumthresholdforthe | signalstrength | measure


CPICHRSCPforcellreselectiontoUTRAN.Thisparameterisdefinedper
GSMcellandappliesforallitsUTRANneighbours.
QSI

definesifthemonitoringofUMTScellswillbeperformedifthesignallevelis
below(0-6)orabovethethreshold(8-14),always(7)ornever(15).This
parameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

UMFI

(MFDDARFCN-MSCRCODE-DIVERSITY)definesthefrequency,scrambling
codeanddiversityinformationforaUTRANneighbouringcell.
MFDDARFCNindicatestheabsoluteRFchannelnumberoftheneighbouring
UTRANcelltobemeasuredonbyMulti-RATMSs.Severalfrequencybands
existandtheabsoluteRFchannelnumberrepresentsthecenterfrequency
withinthefrequencyband.AllowedfrequencybandsandabsoluteRF
channelnumbersaredescribedindetailinReference[13].
MSCRCODEisthescramblingcodefortheneighbouringcell.Thescrambling
codehas512values.
DIVERSITYindicatesifdiversityisappliedfortheUTRANcell,ornot.
ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

5.2.3

Parameters for Inter System Handover to UMTS

COEXUMTSTINT isusedtocontrolthetimeintervalbetweentrafficloadchecking.This

parameterisaBSCexchangeproperty.
FDDARFCN

indicatestheabsoluteRFchannelnumberoftheneighbouringUTRANcell
inGSMactivemode.SeveralfrequencybandsexistandtheabsoluteRF
channelnumberrepresentsthecenterfrequencywithinthefrequency

band.AllowedfrequencybandsandabsoluteRFchannelnumbersare
describedindetailinReference[13].ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRAN
cell.

FDDMRR

definesthenumberofUTRANcellsthatthemobileshouldincludein
measurementreports.ForadetaileddescriptionseeSection3.3.4.2.This
parameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

ISHOLEV

definesthetrafficloadthresholdoftheservingGSMcellthatneedstobe
exceededinordertoevaluateUMTSmeasurementsforhandovers.This
parameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

MAXISHO

definesthemaximumnumberofallowedhandoverstotriggertoUTRAN
persecond.Onlyhandoversthataretriggeredbecauseoftrafficloadin

theGSMcellarecountedorlimited.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSM
cell.

MRSL
FDDREPTHR2

definesaminimumthresholdforthe"quality"measureEc/Nofor
handoverstoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRANcell.

definesathresholdforthenonreported | signalstrength | measure


CPICHRSCPofUTRANcells.TheMSincludesaUTRANcellinthe
measurementreportsonlyifthenonreportingthresholdisexceeded.It
shallbenotedthatthereportingentityinthemeasurementreportsis
CPICEc/No.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

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SCRCODE

SPRIO

Page 28 of 34

isthescramblingcodefortheneighbouringUTRANcellinactivemode.
Thescramblingcodehas512combinations.Thisparameterisdefinedper
UTRANcell.

indicatesif3GcellsmaybesearchedwhenBSICdecodingisrequired.
ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

UTRANID

UTRANIDpresenttheIdentityoftheneighbouringUTRANcellinactive
mode.ItconsistsoftheRNCIdentity(RNCID),CellIdentitywithinthe
RNC(CI),MCC,MNCandLAC.ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRANcell.

QSC

definesifthemonitoringofUMTScellswillbeperformedifthesignallevel
isbelow(0-6)orabovethethreshold(8-14).always(7)ornever(15).
ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

QSCI

definesthecontrolofUTRANmeasurementafterenteringactivemode,
beforereadingthefirstQSC.InthatperiodUTRANmeasurementscan

alwaysbeperformed(=1)oraccordingtoQSIvalue(=0).Thisparameter
isdefinedperGSMcell.

GPRSPRIO

GPRSPRIOisaBSCcellparameterthatcontrolswhetheron-demand
PDCHsshallberegardedasidleorbusywhentrafficload(percentageof

idlechannels)iscalculatedinthecell(seeparameterdescriptionin
Reference[7]).

5.3ValueRangesandDefaultsValues
Table3FeatureControllingParameters

Parameter name

Default
value

Recommended Value range


value

Unit

COEXUMTS

0(OFF)

0(OFF),1(ON),2
(ONADDINFO),3
(ONADDINFO),4
(ONADDINFO)

COEXUMTSLSH

0(OFF)

0(OFF),1(ON)

FASTRET3GNC2

0(redirect)

0(re-direct)

1(donotre-direct)
SBHOACTIVE
NCPROF

0(OFF)

0(OFF),1(ON)

1(Optimizedthroughputat
GSMtoWCDMACellChange)

Values2 | 255are
undefined.

Table4ParametersforInterSystemCellReselectiontoUMTS

Parameter name

Default
value

Recommended
value

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Value range

Unit

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MFDDARFCN:0to16383
MSCRCODE:0to511
DIVERSITY:DIV,NODIV

0(-20dB)

5(-10dB)

0to7(-20dB,-6dB,-18dB,8dB,-16dB,-10dB,-14dB,12dB)

dB

FDDQMINOFF

0(0dB)

0(0dB)

0to7(0to14dBinstepsof
2dB)

dB

FDDQOFF

8(0dB)

0(-inf)

0to15(-inf,-28dBto
+28dBinstepsof4dB)

dB

FDDRSCPMIN

6(-102
dBm)

6(-102dBm)

0to15(-114dBmto | 84
dBminstepsof2dBm)

dBm

15(never)

7(always)

0to6(below-98dBmto74dBminstepsof4dBm)7
(always)8to14(above78dBmto-54dBminstepsof
4dBm)15(never)

dBm

UMFI(MFDDARFCN-
MSCRCODE-
DIVERSITY)
FDDQMIN

QSI

Table5ParametersforInterSystemHandovertoUMTS

Parameter name

COEXUMTSTINT

Default
value

Recommended
value

Value range

Unit

1000

1000

100to1000

ms

FDDARCN

0to16383

SCRCODE

0to511

UTRANID(RNCID-CIMCC-MNC-LAC)

RNCID:0to4095CI:0to
65535MCCMNCLAC

MRSL

30(-9dB)

0to49

(0:MRSL<-24dB
1:-24dB<=MRSL<23.5dB
2:-23.5dB<=MRSL<23dB
...................
48:-0.5dB<=MRSL<0dB

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49:0dB<=MRSL
)
ISHOLEV

20

SeeSection4.5.2

0to99

0
(disabled)

16(-100dBm)

0to63

FDDREPTHR2

0disabled
1-115dBm
2-114dBm
.
.
62-54dBm
63-53dBm
FDDMRR

1or2(forfurther
detailsseeSection
4.5.2)

0to3

QSC

15(never)

SeeSection4.5.2

0to6(below-98dBmto74dBminstepsof4dBm)7
(always)8to14(above78dBmto-54dBminsteps
of4dBm)15(never)

QSCI

1(always)

0(QSI),1(always)

MAXISHO

1to100

SPRIO

YES

YES,NO

6Concepts
Access Technology

GSMorUMTS

Active Mode

Inactivemode,themobilestationisallocateddedicated
channels.ItlistenstotheSACCH.

CPICH Ec/No

CPICHEc/Noisthereceivedenergyperchiponthe
CommonPilotChannel(CPICH)dividedbythepower
densityintheband.Thisquantitymeasuresthequalityof
theneighbouringUTRANcells(roughlycomparabletoa
signaltonoiseratiomeasure).

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GSM Candidate List

Alistofcandidatesforhandover,asaresultoftheGSM
partofthelocatingalgorithm.Byaddingthe
UMTSneighboursonthetop,afinallistiscreated.

CPICH RSCP

AMulti-RATMSmeasuresReceivedSignalCodePoweron
neighbouringUTRANcellsinordertoevaluateintersystem
cellreselectioncandidates.RSCPistheaveragepowerof
thereceivedsignalafterdespreadingandcombining.

Home PLMN

ThePLMNwheretheMCCandMNCofthePLMN
identitymatchtheMCCandMNCoftheIMSI.

Idle Mode

Inthismode,themobilestationisnotallocatedany
dedicatedchannel.ItlistenstotheCCCHandtheBCCH.

Inter System Cell Reselection Cellreselectionbetweennetworksusingdifferentradio


access,forexampleGSMandUMTS.
Multi-RAT MS

UserequipmentthatcanobtainservicefromGSMandone
ormoredifferentRATssuchasUMTS.

On-demand PDCH

APDCHwhichissetupandreleaseddynamicallydepending
ontheneedforpacketdatatrafficinthecell.ANondemandPDCHmaybePDCHpre-empted.

Paging outage time

ThePagingOutageTimeisreferredtoasthetimewhenan
MScannotbereachedbyapagingmessage

PSI 3quater

SysteminformationmessageonPBCCHusedbyMulti-RAT
MSsinGPRS/EGPRSReadyandStandbystates.

Packet Idle Mode

Inthismode(onlyapplicableformobilestationssupporting
GPRS/EGPRS),mobilestationisnotallocatedany
radioresourceonapacketdataphysicalchannel.Itlistens
tothePBCCHandPCCCHor,ifthenetworkdoesnot
providethose,totheBCCHandtheCCCH.

Packet Transfer Mode

Inthismode(onlyapplicableformobilestationssupporting
GPRS/EGPRS),themobilestationisallocatedradioresource
ononeormorepacketdataphysicalchannels.

PDCH

AfullrateTCHordualrateTCHintheCSdomainthatis
allocatedbythePSdomaintocarryGPRS/EGPRStraffic.

Registered PLMN

ThePLMNtowhichLocationRegistrationhasbeen
performed.

Service Indicator

TheServiceIndicatorisaBSSinternalparameterthat
indicateswhethertheMSChasanypreferenceoninwhich

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system,GSMorWCDMA,aCSconnectionshallbeserved.
ItwillhavethevalueasreceivedintheInformation
Element | ServiceHandover | intheBBSMAP
messagesHandoverRequestandAssignmentRequestor
thevalue | nopreference | iftheMSChasomittedthe
InformationElement | ServiceHandover | .The
| ServiceHandover | InformationElementmayhave
thevalues | HandovertoUTRANshouldbe
performed | , | HandovertoUTRANshouldnotbe
performed | or | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbe
performed |
SI 2quater

SystemInformationmessageonBCCHusedbyMulti-RAT
MSsinidlemodeandGPRS/EGPRSReadyandStandby
mode.

Urgency Handover

Urgencyhandoverisahandovertriggeredbecausean
urgencycriteriaisfulfilledintheservingGSMcell.The
urgencycriteriamaybeduetolargetimingadvance,bad
downlinkqualityorbaduplinkquality.

UTRAN FDD

UTRANhastwomodes,FDDandTDD,foroperatingwith
pairedorunpairedbandsrespectively.FDDisaduplex
methodwherebyuplinkanddownlinktransmissionsusetwo
separatedradiofrequencies.

Glossary
BA
BCCHAllocation

BCCH
BroadcastControlChannel

BSC
BaseStationController

CPICH
CommonPilotChannel

CS
CircuitSwitched

EGPRS
EnhancedGPRS

FDD
FrequencyDivisionDuplex

GPRS
GeneralPacketRadioService

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GSM
GlobalSystemforMobilecommunication

IMSI
InternationalMobileSubscriberIdentity

LA
LocationArea

LAC
LocationAreaCode

LAI
LocationAreaIdentity

MCC
MobileCountryCode

MNC
MobileNetworkCode

MS
MobileStation

NCC
NetworkColorCode

PBCCH
PacketBroadcastControlChannel

PDCH
PacketDataChannel

PLMN
PublicLandMobileNetwork

PS
PacketSwitched

RA
RoutingArea

RAT
RadioAccessTechnology

RLA_C
ReceivedLevelAverage(circuitswitched)

RLA_P
ReceivedLevelAverage(packetswitched)

RNC
RadioNetworkController

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RSCP
ReceivedSignalCodePower

SACCH
SlowAssociatedControlChannel

SIM
SubscriberIdentityModule

UMTS
UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem

UTRAN
UMTSRadioAccessNetwork

WCDMA
WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccess

ReferenceList
EricssonDocuments
[1]UserDescription,EnhancedMulti-LevelPrecedenceandPre-emptionService,(User
Description)
[2]UserDescription,IdleModeBehaviour,(UserDescription)
[3]UserDescription,GPRS/EGPRSCellReselection,(UserDescription)
[4]UserDescription,Locating,(UserDescription)
[5]UserDescription,DoubleBALists,(UserDescription)
[6]UserDescription,MultibandOperation,(UserDescription)
[7]UserDescription,ChannelAdministration,(UserDescription)

Standards
[8]3GPPTS45.008,(GSMSpecification)
[9]3GPPTS23.060,(GSMSpecification)
[10]3GPPTS23.122,(GSMSpecification)
[11]3GPPTS25.304,(GSMSpecification)
[12]3GPPTS45.002,(GSMSpecification)
[13]3GPPTS25.101,(GSMSpecification)
[14]3GPPTS44.060,(GSMSpecification)

WCDMAUserDescriptions
[15]UserDescription,IdleModeBehaviourandConnectedModeBehaviourincell_FACH
state,(UserDescription)
[16]UserDescription,WCDMARANHandover,(UserDescription)

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