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1.
Discuss the significance of
mean, standard deviation, and
confidence limits.
The mean is the average or the
approximate value in a given
data set. This quantifies or
represents the whole data as it
is found exactly in the median
from the range or dispersion of
the values in a data set.
(Simon,_____)
The
standard
deviation
quantifies the variation in a
given set of data. This estimate
of variance will be able to tell
whether the values are close to
the average or basically the
error
likely
to
be
found
compared to their average
value. (Bland and Altman, 1996)
The confidence limit is an
estimate to the population
variance or interval. It tells the
probability of a population mean
value to appear within the
boundaries or the confidence
limits. (Neyman, 1937)
2.
What is the importance of
using Grubbs test?
This identifies outlying values
from a core population. It
predicts if the value would be
close enough for a definite
variance to be as little as
possible which would yield to a
more precise value. (4)
3. What does the pooled standard
deviation
tell
us
about
the
measurements?
The pooled standard deviance
tells us the estimated standard
deviation given a set of
independent studies of the
same experiment. (5)
4.
Compare
the
statistical
parameters obtained for data set
1 with those obtained for data set
2.
For the mean, their values are
relatively close by a 0.0068
difference where data set 1
mean is greater than data set
mean 2.
5.
Enumerate and explain the
three types of experimental error.
Give examples of each type.
Systematic
error
are
identifiable errors and may be
fixed.
Example
is
an
instrumental error where for
example
a
ruler
was
miscalibrated, replacing the
ruler with a better one would
solve this error. (6)
Human error this means that
the person performing the
experiment was incompetent
enough to produce reliable
results. It may be the effect
from clumsiness, nervousness
or the experimenter does not
know the procedure at all. (6)
Lastly, random error these are
unknown sources of error which
may either have a positive or
negative effect on the results
and is usually negligible in
Altman,
D.G.
notes:
2
statistics-and-graphs/introductoryconcepts/standard-deviation-varianceand-the-normal-distribution/pooled-sd.
[6]
TYPES
OF
EXPERIMENTAL
ERRORS.
http://www.physics.nmsu.edu/research
/lab110g/html/ERRORS.html
[7]
Calkins, Kieth G., The Binomial
and [Standard] Normal, Bell-shaped,
Gaussian
Distributions.https://www.andrews.ed
u/~calkins/math/edrm611/edrm04.htm
#NORMAL. 2005