INSTRUCTION MANUAL

ARKTOS

HEAT PUMP WITH EXPLOSSION PROOF

INDOOR UNIT

EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
G. Ligeros & SIA O.E. declares under its sole responsibility that the ARKTOS series
manufactured in its facilities in Christomou Smirnis str. 72, Piraeus, Greece

complies with the ECC directives

- 98/37 CE
Safety of machinery
- 89/336 CE
Electromagnetic compatibility
- 73/23 CE
Low Voltage
- 97/23 CE
Under pressure devices
- 2002/95 CE Hazardous substances in
electr. Equipment
- 2002/96 CE Waste in electr. Equipment

& the standards

- EN 60204-1 12/1997
- EN 61000-6-4 2001
- EN 61000-6-2 2001
- EN 292/2 09/1991
- EN 294 06/1992
- EN 349 04/1993
- EN 378-2 01/2001

ARKTOS

MARINE TYPE WATER COOLED

SERIES ARK
R407C

Application guide
Installation, operating and maintenance manual

Thank you very much for purchasing our air condition system.
This operation manual contains cautions for safety.
Be sure to read it carefully before using the air condition cooling system.
After reading this manual, file it away for future reference.
The air condition is equipped with safety devices. However, the safety devices will not necessarily prevent all
troubles caused by incorrect installation, improper operation or inadequate maintenance. The best safety
precaution is the correct installation, proper operation and adequate maintenance.
When performing inspection and maintenance, make sure to set the operation switch to Stop and turn the
power OFF.

Read this manual before installation, repair or maintenance works.

1. GENERAL SAFETY NOTICES

Read this section carefully before use and operate the unit properly.
The following recommended precautions must be understood and applied as indicated before the
operation and maintenance of the equipment covered in this manual.
The general safety notices are presented in the following three sections labeled:

First Aid,

Operating Precautions

Maintenance Precautions.
A list of the specific warnings and caution statements is presented after the general safety notices.

FIRST AID

An injury, no matter how small, should never go unattended.

Always obtain first aid or medical attention immediately.

OPERATING PRECAUTIONS

Always wear safety glasses and rubber gloves.

Keep your hands, clothing and tools clear of the evaporator and condenser fan.
Always work in pairs. Never work on the equipment alone.
In case of severe vibration or unusual noise, stop the unit and investigate.

MAINTENANCE PRECAUTIONS

Beware of unannounced starting of the evaporator fan. Do not open the evaporator access
panels before turning the power off, disconnecting and securing the power source.
Be sure that the power is turned off before working on the electrical panel, motors,
controls, solenoid valves and electrical control switches.
Tag circuit breaker and power supply to prevent accidental energizing of circuit. Do not
bypass any electrical safety devices, e.g. bridging an overload, or using any sort of jumper
wires. Problems with the system should be diagnosed, and any necessary repairs
performed, by qualified service personnel.
In case of electrical fire, turn the power off and use a CO2 extinguisher (never use water).

To help identify the label hazards on the unit and explain the level of awareness each one
carries, an explanation is given with the appropriate consequences:

Means to warn against hazards or unsafe conditions which

could result in severe personal injury or death.
Means to warn against potential hazard or unsafe practice
which could result in product or property damage.

The meaning of the symbols in the text are shown bellow

Follow all the Safety codes.

Never reach into the unit while
the fan is running. Lock the open and tag the
unit disconnect before working on the fan.

Do not insert your finger or a bar

into the air suction grille, air
discharge grille or air direction louver
during the operation. (As the fan is rotating
at a high speed, injury may be caused if this is not
followed).

Wear safety glasses and rubber

gloves
when
using
inhibited
hydrochloric acid solution.
If any abnormality (smelling
something burning, etc.) is found,
stop operating the unit and turn OFF
the power. (If the unit will continue to operate
with such abnormality, failure, electric shock or fire
may be caused. If any abnormality is found, contact
the installation contractor).

Consult the installation contractor

on the measures against refrigerant
leakage. (When installing the unit in a small room,

measures should be taken so that any leaked

refrigerant (if such leakage should occur) will not
exceed the threshold concentration. If the refrigerant
leakage exceeds the threshold concentration, an
oxygen deficiency accident might be caused).

Do not install the unit by

yourself. (If you install the unit by yourself
and do so improperly, water leakage, electric
shock or fire may be caused. Ask the installation
contractor to install the unit)

Do not disassemble, modify or

repair the unit by yourself.
(Otherwise, water leakage, electric shock or fire
might be caused. Ask installation contractor to
disassemble, modify or repair the unit).

Do not install non-standard

modification parts by yourself. (If
you install such parts for yourself and do so
improperly, water leakage, electric shock or fire
may be caused. Ask the installation contractor to
install non-standard modification parts).

Only use the fuse of specified

capacity or a non-fuse breaker.
(Otherwise, failure or fire may be caused).

If the refrigerant leaks, do

not hold a flame near it. (The
refrigerant used in the unit is safe and will not
leak under normal conditions. If the refrigerant
leaks inside the room and is exposed to a flame
of a fan heater, stove, gas cooker, etc.,
generation of poisonous gases may be caused.
In such cases, turn off combustion devices etc.
(If such devices are used in the room), ventilate
the room and contact the installation contractor.
When repairs against refrigerant leakage are
made, obtain confirmation from the installation
contractor that the leaking portion has been
repaired completely before operating the unit).

Compressor crankcase heater

must be energized for 12 hours prior
to start up to prevent compressor
bearing damage.

Sharp edges of coil fins are

exposed. To prevent injury, cover the top of

Frequently ventilate the room

when the unit is used with a
combustion device. (If the room is not

Do not use the

purposes not intended.

ventilated sufficiently, oxygen deficiency may be

caused).

Do not operate the unit with your

hands wet. (Otherwise, electric shock may be
caused).

Do not wash the unit with water.

(Otherwise, electric shock or combustion may be

caused).

Do not place containers filled

with water such as a vase on the air
conditioner. (If water enters the unit and

deteriorate the electrical insulation, electric shock or

fire may be caused).

Consult with the installation

contractor for cleaning the inside of
the unit. (Wrong cleaning could damage the
plastic parts or cause failure of water leakage or
electric shock).

Do not touch the air inlet or

the aluminum fin of the air
conditioner. (Otherwise, injury may be
caused).

the evaporator with cardboard or a few layers of

heavy tape.

unit

for

Do not place the unit where

combustible gas may leak. (If
combustible gas leaks and gathers around the
unit, combustion may be caused).

When cleaning the unit, be

sure to stop it and turn OFF the
power. (Otherwise, electric shock or injury
may be caused).

Install an earth leakage

circuit breaker. (If an earth leakage circuit
breaker is not installed, electric shock or fire
may be caused).

Connect

(Insufficient
shock).

grounding

may

grounding.
cause

electric

Connect a drain pipe to

ensure
complete
drainage.

(Incomplete drainage may cause water leakage,

etc.).

Consult with the installation

contractor for cleaning the inside
of the air conditioner. (Wrong
cleaning could damage the plastic
parts or cause failure of water leakage
or electric shock).

2. FEATURES
The ARKTOS Air Conditioners cooling system installation is simple. The required preparations on
the site for the installation concern the provision of the appropriate wiring for the electrical panel
and piping for the water and the condensation disposals. The air conditioner will be ready for work
just as the power is supplied.
Mounting:

The units are specifically designed in consideration of the unique conditions of sea
breeze, torsion and elongation, corrosion and rust. Its compact dimensions and
features allow the unit to be positioned in almost any location. Internally the unit
incorporates thermal acoustic insulation to reduce the sound level.

Compressor:

The units include a scroll compressor with internal thermal protection. It is

mounted on vibration-absorbent blocks both on the inside and outside, statically
and dynamically balanced. he oil in the sump is maintained free of refrigerant
solubles via a heating resistance installed on the compressor. This resistance also
ensures that the oil is preserving all its lubricating features, especially when the
compressor is not operating or the ambient temperature has been maintained too
low for too long.
A refrigerant/water heat exchanger is installed. It is designed for maximum
efficiency and high pressure operation, special for R410a refrigerant.

Plate Heat Exchanger:

It is made of copper tubing with aluminum fins, designed and

specially dimensioned to obtain the maximum output. Optionally an anti-corrosive
treatment on the evaporator fins against sea breeze can be performed.

Fin & Tube Heat Exchanger:

Fan:

The air condition includes an axial fan with high air flow. The fan frame has added
reinforcement.

Refrigerant:

The units use the new refrigerant R410a. The refrigerant is friendlier to the global
environment in comparison to the conventional one (HCFC22).

Filter drier:

A molecular sieves solid core 3/8 filter drier with indicator is incorporated in the
unit and it is accessible for maintenance operations.

Electric panel:

The electrical box includes all the components and terminal blocks needed for the
installation. It includes an automatic switch, three phase monitor relay, thermal
protection, indicator lights, etc. All these are in accordance with the international
regulations. In addition, alarm and dry contact for the water pump are also
available.

Safety devices:

If the units are out of order, their operation is automatically stopped by various
safety and protective devices listed below before trouble occurs. Electrical system:
Over current relay, compressor thermal protector. Refrigerant system: High
pressure switch, low pressure switch, condenser safety valve.

3. SPECIFICATIONS
Model
Cooling
capacity

HP045FWAa
50Hz

kW
Btu/h
R.Tons

10.0
34,300
2.84
3 Phase, 380-400-415/400-440V, 50/60 Hz
Galvanized steel with light/dark grey electrostatic coating
BRISTOL H83R413DBVA
3hp
2,900
3.42
POE OIL, Viscosity: 30cSt@40 C, Spec: 581850 (recharge 1390cc)
SWEP B25Tx14 M
34,600
1.74

Power supply
Casing / color
Scroll Compressor
Type
Speed
50Hz
r.p.m
Input
kW
Refrigeration Oil
Plate Heat Exchanger
Heat Load
Btu/h
Water Flow Rate
m/h
Total heat transfer
m
0.756
area
ARKTOS cross fin coil with anti-corrosion coating
Fin & Tube Heat Exchanger
Tubes
O.D.
in
1/2"
Total heat transfer
m
55.0
area
Outdoor Unit Fan
500 Axial Fan with high pressure control
Air Flow
m/h
6,800
Fan Coil Heat Exchanger
ARKTOS cross fin coil
Heat Load
Btu/h
32,800
Tubes
O.D.
in
1/2"
Total heat transfer
m
31.1
area
Fan Coil Fan
Explossion Proof Inline S&P TD-900/200EX
Motor Atex type
230V/50Hz II2G EExe IIT3
Air Flow
m/h
1,020
Fan Coil Thermostat
Danfoss RT14E II2G EEX ia IIC T5
Fan Coil Switch
CORTEM CSCC-216 Ex d IIC T6...T5 Gb
R410a
Refrigerant
Charge
gr
2,350
Thermostatic expansion valve
Control
Air filter (factory set)
Polypropylene G2 (Washable)
Filter drier (factory set)
Molecular sieves solid core filter drier bi-polar
Drain lower
in
3/4"
Notes: *Cooling capacity based on evaporator entering air temp. 27C D.B. (81F D.B.) - 19,5C W.B. (67F
W.B.) and entering condenser water temp. 32C (90F). Condensing Temp. 40C, Evaporating Temp. 5C,
superheat & subcooling 5K.
Conversion formulas: kcal = kW x 860, Btu/h = kW x 3414, Cfm = m 3/min x 35.3.

4. INSTALLATION
Bring in the air condition as near as possible to the position to be installed.

Before installing the air condition cooling system, do the following:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Check the unit against shipping order. Inspect carefully for concealed shipping damage. Protect the unit from
damage
To maintain the warranty, protect the unit against adverse weather, theft, or vandalism on the job site.
Provide to the unit a proper support.
Unit should be leveled. Unit leveling tolerance is 1 cm/m in any direction.
Install the air condition in such a place where electricity or condenser water can be supplied easily and the
condensation disposals can be easily extracted outside.
Fix the air condition in a surface strong enough to bear its weight and as flat as possible.
Install the air condition in such a place which is wide enough to do usual maintenance and service work easily.
Ensure that the filters shipped with unit are in place. Never operate the unit without having the air filters in
place.

Service Spacing
Leave a service space as large as possible around the air condition for connecting the pipes, etc and for service
operations.

Connect the water to the indoor and outdoor unit

Connect the water supply and return lines of the indoor and outdoor as indicated. When connecting the water
lines, hold the inlet and outlet stubs firmly with a wrench at the female pipe thread hex fitting to prevent
twisting.
Do not use water lines smaller than the connection sizes. Observe all applicable plumbing and sanitary codes.
Install a water-regulating valve in the water supply line.
ATTENTION!!!
The plumbing network should include an expansion vessel, a water filter and a relief valve.
An anti-freeze (Ethylene glycol) of at least 20% should be added to the closed water circuit in
order the unit to be operational at temperatures bellow 3C.

10

WATER OUTLET

WATER INLET

Water connections of the outdoor unit.

WATER INLET

WATER OUTLET

Water connections of the indoor unit.

11

Make Electrical Connections of the outdoor unit

GENERAL Provide an adequate fused disconnect switch within the sight of the unit. provision to lock the
switch at open (OFF) position is advisable to prevent the power from being turned on when the unit is being
serviced.
POWERWIRING Conduit opening is on bottom side of the electrical panel. Connect field power wires at the
compressor contactor.
Supply voltage must be in accordance with nameplate voltage. Voltage between phases must be balanced
within 2% and current within 10% with the compressor running. Correct improper voltage or phase imbalance.
Unit failure as a result of operation on improper line voltage or excessive phase imbalance constitutes abuse
and shall void the warranty.

Power supply should be connected on the MCB on the bottom right corner of the panel. The
phase rotation should be according to the phase monitor.

The phase rotation should be according to the phase monitor (Seq red LED should be OFF).

12

Make Electrical Connections of the indoor unit

The power supply is connected to the RT-E switch on the top of the unit and must always be wired through
reliable zener barrier, placed outside ex-zone, to ensure insufficient energy supply to cause the ignition of
surrounding atmosphere by an electrical spark or the heating of components of circuitry.
The equipment to be used for electrical load limiting must always be approved for use in the zone concerned.
Cables and cable entries approved for the application must be used and cannot be in contact with sharp edges.
Cables must be connected with adequate stress relief that way that pulling forces cannot be carried through the
cable to the terminal.

Connect the drain pipe on the indoor unit

Connect a drain pipe on the drainage connection on the right side of the indoor unit. Create a trap in order to
avoid air inflow from the drain pipe.

Drainage water trap schematic.

Indoor unit (fan coil) drainage connection.

13

5. OPERATION

Do not start the compressor when high vacuum conditions occur inside it . Non-observance of
this warning can have very serious consequences such as the sudden increase of the internal pressure with possibility of explosion and
consequent risks for the staff operating, passing by or staying close to the machine.

Compressor crankcase heater must be energized prior to startup to prevent

compressor bearing damage.

Control board of the unit

The heat pump has an embedded control panel for the operation of the air condition.

The controller has two selector switches and a temperature knob.

6 indicator lights are arranged (4 for operation indication of the fan and the ompressor and 2 for fault
indication).
The operation of the control board is very simple:
- Setting the right selector into position 1 the pump will operate.
- Setting the left selector into position 1 only the unit will operate in heat mode.
- Setting the left selector into position 2 only the unit will operate in cool mode.
- If the water temperature that is defined from the thermostat is achieved the unit will stop.
If the unit will not start immediately, it has a timer in order to avoid the compressor to start more than 8 times
per hour. The machine should wait for at least 4 minutes before each starting.

14

To start the outdoor unit in heat mode

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Ensure that refrigerant and water valves are open.

Ensure that the environment temperature is over 3 C. The unit has a safety thermostat and will not work
bellow that temperature in order to protect the water pump from damage. Otherwise an anti-freeze (Ethylene
glycol) of at least 20% should be added to the closed water circuit in order the unit to be operational at
temperatures bellow 3C and the safety thermostat of the outdoor unit (it is inside the unit case, behind the
fan) should be set to the desired temperature.
With the operation switch to OFF position, turn the main power on. Leave the power on for some time before
starting to operate the machine so that the crankcase heater can heat the oil.
Start the pump by setting the pump selector switch to position 1.
Select the heat mode by setting the air condition selector switch to position 1.
Set the water thermostat in a temperature between 39~40 C for optimum efficiency of the unit.

To start the outdoor unit in cool mode

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Ensure that refrigerant and water valves are open.

With the operation switch to OFF position, turn the main power on. Leave the power on for some time before
starting to operate the machine so that the crankcase heater can heat the oil.
Start the pump by setting the pump selector switch to position 1.
Select the cool mode by setting the air condition selector switch to position 2.
Set the water thermostat in a temperature between 6~7 C for optimum efficiency of the unit.

To Shut Down the Unit

1.
2.

Turn the operation switch and the pump switch to 0 (OFF) position. Do not shut off the main power except to
service the unit. The crankcase heater is operative only when the main power is on.
If the unit may be exposed to freezing temperatures add a noncorrosive antifreeze to the residual water in the
system.

15

6. SAFETY ELEMENTS
The unit includes safety elements of electrical hazard (Internal thermal protections on the compressor and
motor fan, external thermal protections on the compressor and three-phase motor) and safety elements of
pressure control like high and low pressure switches with electrical reset. If unit operating limits are out of
working conditions, some protections will be activated.

1. Safety Thermostat

The unit has a safety thermostat inside the case of the unit behind the fan. Thus the unit will not work bellow
the safety thermostat temperature (which is factory set at 3C) in order to protect the water pump from
damage. In order the unit to be operational at temperatures bellow 3C an anti-freeze (Ethylene glycol) should
be added to the closed water circuit and the safety thermostat of the outdoor unit (it is inside the unit case,
behind the fan) should be set to the desired temperature according to the following table:

Anti-freeze (Ethylene Glycol)

percent by weight
o

Freezing point in C
o

Thermostat set in C

16

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

-3.9

-6,1

-8,3

-11,7

-15,0

-0.5

-2.0

-4,0

-7.0

-10,0

2. Pressure Switches

The unit has two pressure switches, one H/L Pressure switch for the protection of the unit and one high
pressure switch for the control of the operation of the fan.
Factory settings are:
H/L Pressure switch:
Diff: 2 bar
Low Pressure Range: 5 bar
High Pressure Range: 30 bar
High Pressure Switch:
Diff: 5 bar
High Pressure Range: 23

3. Phase/Voltage monitor Relay

The unit has a phase and voltage monitoring, so the phases should be connected in the correct sequence on
the panel, otherwise the monitor will not allow the unit to operate. If the SEQ red LED is illuminating the
phases are connected in the wrong sequence and should be reversed.
Voltage monitoring the following functions which are selectable by the means of rotary switch:

17

UNDER: Undervoltage monitoring.

UNDER+SEQ: Undervoltage monitoring and monitoring of phase sequence.
WIN: Monitoring the window between Min and Max.
WIN+SEQ: Monitoring the window between Min and Max and monitoring of phase sequence.
Indicators:
Red LED ON/OFF: indication of failure of the corresponding threshold.
Red LED flashes: indication of tripping delay of the corresponding threshold.
Yellow LED ON/OFF: indication of relay output.
Factory settings are:
1. Delay: 4
2. Max: 120%
3. Min: 90%
4. W+S

4.

Timer

The unit has a timer in order to avoid the compressor to start more than 8 times per hour. The machine should
wait for at least 4 minutes before each starting.
Factory settings for 4 minutes are:
1. Multiplier: 0.4
2. Time Range: 10 minutes

Indicators:
Green LED U/t ON: indication of supply voltage
Green LED U/t flashes: indication of time period
Yellow LED R ON/OFF: indication of relay output

18

5. Defrost thermostat

The unit has a defrost thermostat in order to prevent the external unit to freeze when it operates in heat mode.
If the temperature of the coil falls below -8 C then the fan is turned off and the 4-way valve is reversed in
order to defrost the coil.

6. Differential water pressure switch

The unit has a differential pressure switch as a safety cut-out that detects water flow. If the pressure
differential is less than 27kPa then the open micro-switch contact opens in order to prevent the operation of the
unit without water flow.

19

7. SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

Before starting the maintenance turn the power off. Remove fuses and take them with you after
noting this on tag.

Never reach into the unit while the fan is running. Lock the open and tag the unit disconnect before
working on the fan.

Before operating to the compressor close the suction and discharge valves by turning
them clockwise and depressurize the compressor (without dispersing the refrigerant in
the room) till the pressure does not correspond to the atmospheric one. Do not remove any
parts of the compressor subject to an inside pressure before having executed this operation.

Check for refrigerant leaks before starting the maintenance procedure. To avoid
dangerous concentrations of refrigerant in case of casual leak, it is necessary to
provide a suitable airing in the technical room where the compressor is located. The
installation room has to be equipped with natural airing or mechanical ventilation, in compliance with the applicable
technical regulations. Since possible refrigerant leaks would tend to occupy the lowest part of the surrounding space we
recommend placing the suction of the air exchange system in a lower position.

Wear safety glasses and rubber gloves when using inhibited hydrochloric acid solution.
The acid can stain hands and clothing, attack concrete and, without inhibitor, can attack steel.

Do not use the compressor to fill up the system with refrigerant.

It is recommended that the system is operated regularly. If the system is not in regular use it
should be operated at least 30~60 minutes once a month.

Sharp edges of coil fins are exposed. To prevent injury, cover the top of evaporator
with cardboard or a few layers of heavy tape. To avoid coil damage, cover the evaporator face with
plywood or other rigid sheet material. If any coil fins are mashed or bent, straighten with a coil fin comb of the proper
tooth spacing.
Initial Maintenance

Power connections on newly installed equipment may relax and loosen after a month of
operation. If necessary, turn off the power and re-tighten.

Refrigerant Charging

To maintain the mixture composition, the refrigerant must be charged always in liquid
phase. For this reason it is necessary to give special attention when the bottle of the
refrigerant contains a small amount.
It is forbidden to use another refrigerant than the above mentioned.
If a leak takes place in the system that has produced an important evacuation of the
refrigerant charge, instead of recharging the system, it is convenient to eliminate the whole
charge completely, the system must be evacuated and charged again or to introduce the
charge according to a specified value.
You can request a tool kit along with the unit which will include a manifold with gauges,
charging hoses and a vacuum pump.
The manifold gauges and the charging hoses should be connected with the refrigerant drum
and the rotalock valve of the receiver of the unit on the left side of the electric panel
according to the following schematic.
The refrigerant charge should be proceeded as follows:

If a leak has taken place, vacuum the system using the vacuum pump.

20

Connect the refrigerant drum with the manifold with gauges using the charging
hose.
Connect the low side of the manifold with gauges with the filling valve.
Using a digital scale to count the refrigerant quantity, fill the unit with refrigerant.

TO REFRIGERANT
FILLING VALVE

Manifold connections

Refrigerant filling valve

Regular Base Service

1) Check optically the electrical connections and pipe fittings. Inspect electrical connectors
for burn marks, frayed wires, etc. If any are found, the connector or connection should be
repaired/replaced.
2) Inspect optically all the parts of the machine during the operation.
3) If the compressor has a sight glass, verify the oil pressure and the oil level from the oil
sight glass every week. If the level often goes below the bottom of the oil sight glass, the oil
system will need to be checked for proper operation.

21

If the level is below the bottom of the sight glass, add oil until it reaches the of the level.
If the level is above top the sight glass, do not remove any of the oil until the crankcase
heater has been energized for at least twenty four hours. The oil must meet compressors
requirements (Daphne Hermetic Oil FVC68D, ISO VG 68).
5) Verify the refrigeration level.
6) Inspect the air filter of the indoor unit and clean it with hot water and soap or detergent.
The cleaning period of the filter depends of the ambient where the unit is working.

Air filter of the indoor unit

7) Check the filter drier in order to provide sufficient flow. If necessary, replace the filter.
8) Voltage to the equipment should be checked with a meter periodically to insure a proper
power supply. Compressors, pumps, etc. are electrically rated with a 10% value for
voltage.
9) Check the fan impeller for dirt and dust.

Do not waste the lube in the environment: it is special waste and as such it shall be disposed of according
to the standards in force.
Yearly Service

22

1) Clean the condensate drain line and the unit drain pan at the start of each cooling
season. Check flow by pouring water into drain.
2) Remove dirt and debris from the coils of the indoor and the outdoor unit. Clean the coil
with a stiff brush, vacuum cleaner or compressed air. Use a fin comb of the correct tooth
spacing when straightening mashed or bent coil fins.
3) The plate heat exchanger may require cleaning using a proper chemical solution.
4) Clean the water filter by washing it with hot water and soap or detergent.
5) Carefully inspect the relief valves as they protect the equipment and personnel of the
potentially dangerous effects of overpressure. If the machine operates in a corrosive
atmosphere, inspect the valve at more frequent intervals. Do not attempt to recondition the
relief valve when corrosion or build-up of foreign material (rust, dirt, scale, etc.) is found
within the valve body or mechanism. Replace the valve.
6) Tighten the electrical connections as needed. Heat and vibration can cause connectors to
loosen, causing poor contact and voltage drop or arcing. This can cause components to
operate poorly, nuisance trip, or prematurely fail. ATTENTION: Disconnect the main power
supply before repairing or replacing electrical components or wires.

8. TROUBLESHOOTING
PROBLEMS

1. Low cooling/heating
capacity

CAUSES
Low air flow
The efficiency of the compressor has
been decreased
There is not enough refrigerant
Low water flow
Unit runs in cool mode and high
pressure is lower than 23 bar.

2. The outdoor unit fan does

not start up

Unit runs in heat mode and defrost

operation has been triggered.
Power failure / Automatic circuit
breaker is thrown
Motor failure
Fan is blocked

Power failure / Automatic circuit

breaker is thrown
Timer has been triggered
Phase/voltage relay has been triggered

3. The compressor does not

start up

High/Low pressure fault

Differential water pressure switch has

been triggered
Motor failure
Mechanically locked compressor
Suction/discharge valve partially closed
Refrigerant load insufficient
Wrong operation of the low pressure
switch

3. The compressor oscillates

intermittently

4. The compressor oscillates

continually

5. High pressure to low

Condenser is dirty
Intervention motor protection

REMEDY
Clean the air filter and check
the operation of the fan
Replace the compressor
Check for leaks, add refrigerant
Check pump, valve regulation
or water filter
It is normal. Fan will run as
soon as high pressure exceeds
23 bar.
It is normal. Fan will start as
soon as defrost is finished.
Check the switch and the
electric connections
Check and replace the motor if
defective
Check for foreign objects in the
impeller, replace the fan if
defective
Check the switch and the
electric connections
It is normal. The compressor
will start after 4 minutes
Check the phase rotation and
the voltage if they are normal
Check the pressure of the
network and the L/P pressure
switch
Check the pump and the water
valves
Check and replace the
compressor if defective
Check and replace the
compressor if defective
Open the valve
Refill refrigerant
Check the setting and the
assembly of the low pressure
switch
Check and clean the condenser
Check that the quantity of
refrigerant is
sufficient. Check electrical
connections

Defective pressure switches

Refrigerant load and discharge pressure
too high

Repair or replace
Remove excess refrigerant

Blocked filter drier

The fan pressure switch is not working
Partially closed or not gastight
discharge valve

Check/replace filters
Check the pressure switch
Check the valve

Crankcase heater does not work

Compressor is worn

Replace the heater

Replace the compressor

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6. Low pressure cut

7. High pressure cut

There is not enough refrigerant.

Check for leaks, add refrigerant

Low water temperature to the plate

heat exchanger
Dirty filter driers
Pressure switch failure

Increase the thermostat setting

High water temperature to the plate

heat exchanger
Low water flow to the plate heat
exchanger
There is a lot of refrigerant
Low air flow to the fin & tube coil

Decrease the thermostat

setting
Check pump, valve regulation
or water filter
Remove the excess refrigerant
Clean the coil and check the fan
operation
Check pressure switch wiring
and accuracy

Pressure switch failure

8. Thermal protection of the

compressor

9. Compressor/system
abnormal noises

10. The compressor run with

locked rotor amps
11. Motor burnt out

Too high discharge pressure

Relay defective
High water chiller temperature
Low suction pressure
Power or control circuit connections
loosened

Check failure 7
Replace it
Check the temperature
Check failure 6
Check the connections

Defective motor
Beats due to liquid in the compressor
The refrigerant is over charged

Replace the compressor

Check
Remove the excess of
refrigerant
Consider to move the unit
Replace the compressor

Pipes resonate with the building

Bearings and/or other components
worn
Low power supply
The compressor is blocked
The motor is defective
Lack of one phase
Check to identify the burnt out cause
Defective suction or discharge valves

12. The temperature of the

compressor is too high

Compression ratio too high

Compressor starts and stops very often

Thermal protection of the pump

Safety thermostat is triggered

13. Pump is not running

Differential water pressure switch is

triggered

24

Replace
Check pressure switch wiring
and accuracy

Check the supply voltage

Replace it
Check the windings
Check the voltage on the
terminals
Replace the compressor
Replace the valve plate; check
the compressor and verify the
lack of particles
inside the compressor or the
plant.
Check the pressure switches,
that the condenser is clean and
motors fans
Check that the compressor
does not start more than 8
times per hour. The machine
should run for at least 4
minutes for each starting
Check pump, valve regulation
or filter
Environmental temperature is
bellow the safety thermostat
setting. Dont run the pump if
the water in the closed circuit is
frozen
Check the water pressure
switch

9. ELECTRIC DIAGRAM
Terminals of the outdoor unit:

25

26

10. HYDRAULIC DIAGRAM

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NOTES
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NOTES
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