DRILLING OPERATION

DRILLING MACHINE

THEORY

Drilling machine
Introduction
In a drilling machine holes may be drilled quickly and at low
cost. The hole is generated by rotating edge of a cutting tool
known as the drill which exerts large force on work clamped
on table.

Types of drilling machine

Sensitive drilling machine: This machine is a small
machine designed for drilling small holes at high speed in
light jobs. The drill is fed into work by purely hand control.
Hand feed permits operator to feel or sense the progress of
drill into work.

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DRILLING MACHINE

THEORY

Radial drilling machine: The radial drilling machine is

intended for drilling medium to large and heavy pieces.
Gang drilling machine: When a number of single spindle
drilling machine columns are placed side by side on a
common base and have a common work table, the machine
is known as gang drilling machine.
Multiple spindle drilling machines: The function of a
multiple spindle drilling machine is to drill a number of
holes in a piece of work simultaneously and for reproduce
some pattern of holes in a number of identical pieces in a
mass production work.
Deep hole drilling machine: Length of holes exceeds
three times diameter. Special machines and drills are
required for drilling deep holes in rifle barrels, crank shafts
etc. the machine is operated at high speed and low speed.
Machines are step feed. The drill is automatically

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DRILLING MACHINE

THEORY

withdrawn after a certain length. Drilling machines are

specified as maximum size of drill that machine can
operate, table diameter, maximum spindle travel.
Taper shank twist drill: Generally made up of High speed
steels or carbon steels. This type of drilling is usually
preferred for normal drilling operation.

Drilling machine operations

Different operations are

a)Drilling: It is the operation of producing cylindrical hole

by removing metal by rotating edge of cutting tool called
drill.

b)Reaming: It is an accurate way of sizing and finishing a

hole which has been previously drilled.

c) Boring:
i.

It is necessary where hole diameter is so large that it

cannot be ordinarily drilled.

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ii.
iii.

DRILLING MACHINE

THEORY

To finish a hole accurately and to bring it to required

size.
To correct location of hole as boring tool follows an
independent path with respect to hole.

d)Counter boring: It is the operation of enlarging end of a

hole cylindrically. The enlarged hole forms a square
shoulder with original hole. This is necessary in some
cases to accommodate head of bolts, sheds and pins. The
tool used for counter boring is called counter bore.

e)Counter sinking: It is the operation of making a cone

shaped enlargement of end of hole to provide a recess
for a flat head screw or counter sunk rivet fitted into the
hide.

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DRILLING MACHINE

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f) Spot facing: It is operation of smoothing and squaring

the surface around a hole for the seat of a nut or head of
screw.
g) Tapping: It is operation of cutting internal threads by
means of a cutting tool called tap. A tap may be
considered as a bolt with accurate threads cut on it.

h)Trepanning: It is the operation of producing hole by

removing metal along circumference of hollow cutting
tool. Trepanning operations is performed for producing
large holes. The tool resembles a hollow tube having
cutting edges at one end and a solid shank at the other to
fit into drill spindle.

Designation of drill:
A parallel shank twist drill of long series, 10mm diameter,
conforming to I.S. standard, made of carbon steel of types and

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DRILLING MACHINE

THEORY

point angle 80 degree is designated as 10.00 IS : 599-cs-s-80

degree. s-soft, h-hard, n-normal, cs- carbon steel.

In Indian standard system, twist drills are designated by the

series to which they belong the diameter, the I.S. number and
material of drill, material and point angle.