Group 5 2C-PH

26 Julao, Karen Grace P.

27 Lansang, Kyle Dillan T.
28 Liao, Dixee Allison O.
29 Liscano, Bea Patrice G.
30 Malabanan, John Wilfred T.
31 Mallari, Patricia Angelique

Date Performed: February 29, 2016

Date Submitted: March 14, 2016

Experiment No. 3
Specific Gravity of Liquids and Solids
Abstract

liquid
and
solid
samples
were
determined
in
the
experiment.
ethyl
gravity
alcohol
was
determined
and
its
specific
using
three
Balance
hydrometer,
and
Leach
Mohr-Westphal
Pycnometer.
standard
liquid
;95%
on
mass
the
Leach
of
the
empty
water
sample
and
pycnometer
were
determined
with
gathered
the
specific
density
was
computed.
The
Baum
reading
and
give
there
an
instant
is
no
need
for
leach
pycnometer.
three
different
The
results
instruments
other.
due
to
These
human
may
errors
have
such
been
asthe
liquid
and
liquid
hence
can
then
sample
it
is
be
computed,
and
relative
accuracy
of
could
density
copper
the
instruments,
sulfate
of
crystals.
or
they
inevitable
factors.
The
solid
sample
in
the
experiment
was
relative
density
using
was
a
and
95%
liquid.
pycnometer
The
weight
was
determined.
of
the
empty
The
95%
separately
ethyl
alcohol
to
the
pycnometer,
were
added
which
weight
crystals
of
the
copper
ethyl
sulfate
alcohol
sample.
a
the
95%
powder
ethyl
is
alcohol
completely
in
which
insoluble.

The experiments objective was to determine the specific gravities of the liquid and solid samples.
The liquid sample used was 95% ethyl alcohol and its specific gravity was determined using three
instruments: Baum hydrometer, Mohr-Westphal Balance and Leach Pycnometer. In determining the
specific gravity of 95% ethyl alcohol, the Baum hydrometer and Mohr-Westphal balance were used. Water
was used as the standard liquid on the Leach pycnometer. The mass of the empty pycnometer, pycnometer
with water and pycnometer with the liquid sample were determined separately and from the data gathered
the specific density was computed. The results of the three different instruments were different with each
other. These may have been due to human errors such as inaccurate measurements of the liquid sample and
accuracy of the instruments, or they could have been caused by external inevitable factors. The solid sample
in the experiment was copper sulfate crystals and its relative density was determined using a pycnometer and
95% ethyl alcohol as a standard liquid. The weight of the empty pycnometer was determined. The copper
sulfate crystals and 95% ethyl alcohol were added separately to the pycnometer, which is then weighed,
giving the weight of the copper sulfate crystals and 95% ethyl alcohol sample. The pycnometer was filled
with a 95% ethyl alcohol in which the powder is completely insoluble. The weight of the displaced liquid
can then be computed, and hence it is the relative density of the copper sulfate crystals.
Question and Answer
1) Differentiate specific gravity and density.
The difference between density and specific gravity is that one is a ratio of the other.
Density is the measure of the amount of mass per volume. Density is expressed by the formula
= m/V where is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume Specific gravity is a measure of
density relative to the density of a reference substance. Specific gravity is also called relative density and is
expressed by the formula: Specific Gravitysubstance = substance/reference. The reference material could be anything,
but the most common reference is pure water. One example is salt water aquarium enthusiasts measure the
amount of salt in their water by specific gravity where their reference material is fresh water.
2) If 54.96 mL of oil weighs 52.78 g, what is its specific gravity?
Density =
=

mass
volume
52.78 g
54.96 mL

= 0.9603

Specific gravity =

sample
water
=

0.9603
1

= 0.9603

3) A pycnometer weighs 50.00 g. When filled with water, it weighs 100.0 g. When filled with oil, it
weighs 94.00 g. Determine the specific gravity of the oil.

Given:
50.00
100.00
g
94.00
ggg
94.00
mass
Mass
44.00
mass
=
mass
100.00
50.00
50.00
g
Specific
gravity
=g=
mass
50.00
g 44.00 g
0.880
Mass
50.00
Specific
gravity
Given:
oil
oil
=
pycnometer
+ water
empty
=pycnometer
water
=
Mass of empty pycnometer = 50.00 g

Mass of pycnometer + water = 100.00 g

Mass of Pycnometer + oil = 94.00 g
Massoil = masspycnometer + oil massempty pycnometer
= 94.00 g 50.00 g
= 44.00 g
Masswater = mass pycnometer + water mass empty pycnometer
= 100.00 g 50.00 g
= 50.00 g
mass of oil
Specific gravity =
mass of water
Specific gravity =

44.00 g
50.00 g

Specific gravity= 0.8800

4) An insoluble powder weighs 12.00 g. A pycnometer, weighing 21.00 g when empty, weighs 121.00 g
when filled with water. When the powder is introduced into the emptied pycnometer, and the pycnometer
is filled with water, the three together weigh 130.00 g. What is the specific gravity of the powder?
Given:
Mass of insoluble powder = 12.00 g
Mass of empty pycnometer = 21.00 g (A)
Mass of pycnometer + water = 121.00 g (B)
Mass of pycnometer + insoluble powder = 33.00 g (C)
Mass of pycnometer + insoluble powder + water = 130.00 g (D)
C A
Specific gravity =
B+C AD
Specific gravity =

33.0021.00
121.00+33.0021.00130.00

= 4.00