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flange is a forged or cast ring of steel designed to connect sections of pipe or join pipe to
a pressure Vessel, pump or any other integral flanges assembly.

Flanges are joined to each other by bolting and joined to the piping system by welding or
threading.

The basic types of flanges are; Slip on, Blind, Weld Neck, Threaded, Socket Weld, Lap Joint and
Orifice.

Flanges are designed to the following pressure ratings; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600lb, 900lb, 1500lb
and 2500lb.

The most common facings machined on flanges are:

(a) Raised face, 1/16 inch for 150lb and 300lb, inch for 400lb and heavier.
(b) Flat face, for 150lb and 300lb only, other may be flat face on request.
(c) Ring type joint, may be applied to all pressure ratings.

TYPES & APPLICATIONS

Slip-On Flange
The flange is slipped over the pipe and then welded both inside and outside to provide sufficient
Strength and prevent leakage. This flange is used in preference to weld necks by many users
because of its lower cost and the fact that less accuracy is required when cutting pipe to length.

Blind Flanges

This is a flange without a bore and is used to shut off a piping system or vessel opening. It also
permits Easy access to vessels or piping systems for inspection purposes. Blind flange can be
supplied with or without hubs at the manufacturers option.

Weld-Neck flange
This is designed to be joined to a piping system by buttwelding. It is relatively expensive because
of Its long neck, but is preferred for high stress applications. The neck, or hub transmits stresses
to the the base of the hub to the wall thickness at the butt weld, provide important reinforcement
of the flange. The bore of the flange matches the bore of the pipe, reducing turbulence and
erosion.

Threaded Flange
This is similar to a slip-on flange in outline, but the bore is threaded, thus enabling assembly
without welding. This obviously limits its application to relatively low pressure piping systems. The
flange may be welded around the joint after assembly, but this is not considered a satisfactory
method of increasing its applications.

Socket Weld Flanges

This is similar to a slip-on flange in outline, but the bore is counter-bored to accept pipe. The
diameter of the remaining bore is the same as the inside diameter of the pipe. The flange is
attached to the pipe by a fillet weld around the hub of the flange. An optional interval weld may be
applied in high stress applications. Its biggest use is in high pressure systems such as hydraulic
and steam lines.

Spectacle Flanges
This is a pressure retaining plate with one solid end and one open end connected with a web or
tie-bar. In normal operation, the open end forms the seal between two flanges and permits
normal flow of fluid through pipe work. If the solid end is swung into position it effectively blanks
of the pipe and halts the flow.

Lap-Joint Flanges

This is again similar to a slip-on flange, but it has a radius at the intersection of the bore and the
flange face to accommodate a lap stub end. The face on the stub end forms the gasket face on
the flange. This type of flange is used in applications where section of piping systems need to be
dismantle quickly and easily for inspection or replacement.

Orifice Flanges
The function of an orifice flange is to provide access to a line for metering of gases or liquids. An
orifice plate is clamped between a pair of flanges when installed in a line and the whole assembly
is refer to as an orifice flange union. Jack-screws within the assembly facilitate removal of the
orifice plate. The orifice plate, the metering device, consists of a thin plate with a concentric,
square edge, circular hole in the centre. Two pressure tap-holes are drilled in each flange to
measure pressure difference through the orifice.

Groove & Tongue Flanges

The Groove and Tongue faces of these flanges must be matched. One flange face has a raised
ring (Tongue) machined onto the flange face while the mating flange has a matching depression
(Groove) machined into it's face.

Tongue-and-groove facings are standardized in both large and small types. They differ from
male-and-female in that the inside diameters of the tongue-and-groove do not extend into the
flange base, thus retaining the gasket on its inner and outer diameter. These are commonly found
on pump covers and Valve Bonnets.

Tongue-and-groove joints also have an advantage in that they are self-aligning and act as a
reservoir for the adhesive. The scarf joint keeps the axis of loading in line with the joint and does
not require a major machining operation.

General flange faces such as the RTJ, T&G and the F&M shall never be bolted together. The
reason for this is that the contact surfaces do not match and there is no gasket that has one type
on one side and another type on the other side.

Long Neck Flanges

Owing to our rich industrial experience, we are offering a comprehensive range of Long Weld
Neck Flanges. The professionals of our organization source these neck flanges from trusted
vendors. These flanges are unique due to their simple connectivity with other pipes. Moreover,
our products are extensively used in refining industries for linking purposes. Our esteemed
patrons can avail these qualitative range of flanges from us at industry-leading prices.

Flat Face Flanges

The Flat Face (FF) flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face.
Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged
fitting is made from a casting.

Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when
connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon steel
flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin, bittle cast
iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon steel flange.

Raised Face Flanges

The Raised Face (RF) type is the most applied flange face, and is easily to identify. It is referred
to as a raised face because the gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face.

Specifications covering the manufacture and dimensions of flanges:

ASTM SPECIFICATIONS
ASTM specifications regulate approved raw materials for which flanges can be made and
specifications .

For stainless flanges are:

ASTM A.182 - Forged or Rolled Alloy Steel Pipe Flanges & Fittings for high temperature service.

ANSI AND MSS SPECIFICATIONS

The standards govern the dimensions and tolerances to which fitting are manufactured:
ANSI B. 16.5
diameter)

- Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ( inch to 24 inch nominal

MSS SP.6

- Flange Facings

MSS SP.25

- Marking of flanges

MSS SP.39

- Bolts and Nuts for Flanges

MSS SP.44

- Large Diameter Pipeline Flanges. (Over 24 inch dia)

API-605

- Large Diameter Flanges for petroleum Usage. (Over 24 inch dia)

The ASME Code is not a standard as such but section VIII provides the procedure for calculating
dimensions
For all pressurised vessels flanges.
The following are not flange specifications but they influence the manufacture of forged steel
flange
ANSI B. 31.10

- Code for Pressure Piping

ANSI B. 31.3

- Petroleum Refinery Piping

ANSI B. 31.4

- Oil Transportation Piping

ANSI B. 31.5

- Refrigeration Piping Systems

ANSI B. 31.7

- Nuclear Power Piping

ANSI B. 31.8

- Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping systems

ANSI B. 36.10

- Standard for Wrought Steel pipe

ANSI B. 36.19

- Standard for Stainless Steel Pipe

ANSI B. 16.10

- Valve Dimensions Face & End

ANSI B. 16.11

- Forged Fittings Socket Weld & Threaded

Blind Flanges

Flanges

Groove & Tongue Flanges

Lap Joint Flanges

Long Neck Flanges

Orifice Flanges

Raised Flanges

Slip-On Flanges

Socket Weld Flanges

Spectale Blind Flanges

Thread Flanges

Weld-Neck Flanges

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