Diffraction

Chapter 42, HRK, Vol Ii, 5th Edn.,

Page No.977

42-2, Single slit diffraction

E-42-1
When monochromatic light is incident on a slit 0.022 mm
wide, the first diffraction minimum is observed at an angle of 1.80 from the
direction of the incident beam. Find the wavelength of the incident light.

HRK E42- 2 Determine the maximum slit width that could be used if a central
maximum angular width of 0.12 mrad can just be detected and you guess
the wavelength of the x-rays to be 0.10 nm.

HRK E42- 3:
Monochromatic light of wavelength 441 nm falls on a
narrow slit. On a screen 2.16 m away, the distance between the second
minimum and the central maximum is 1.62 cm. (a) Calculate the angle of
diffraction of the second minimum, (b) Find width of the slit.

HRK E42- 4 :
Light of wavelength 633 nm is incident on a narrow slit.
The angle between the first minimum on one side of the central maximum
and the first minimum on the other side is 1.970. Find the width of the slit.

E-42-5
A single slit is illuminated by light whose wavelengths are
a and b, so chosen that the first diffraction minimum of the a component
coincides with the second minimum of the b component. (a)What
relationship exists between the two wavelengths? (b) Do any other minima in
the a patterns coincide?

HRK E42- 6: A plane wave, with wavelength of 593 nm, falls on a slit of width
420 m. A thin converging lens having a focal length of 71.4 cm, is placed
behind the slit and focuses the light on a screen. Find the distance on the
screen from the slits from the center of the pattern to the second minimum.

HRK E42- 7:In a single slit diffraction pattern, the distance between the first
minimum on the right and the first minimum on the left is 5.20mm. The
screen on which pattern is displayed is 82.3cm from the slit and the
wavelength is 546nm. Calculate the slit width.

HRK E 42-8:The distance between the first and the fifth minima of a single
slit pattern is 0.350nm with the screen 41.3 cm away from the slit, using
light having a wavelength of 546 nm. (a) Calculate the diffraction angle of
the first minimum. (b) Find the width of the slit.

HRK E-42-9:
A slit 1.16mm wide is illuminated by light of wavelength
589 nm. The diffraction pattern is seen on screen 2.94m away. Find the
distance between the first two diffraction minima on the same side of the
central maximum.

HRK E42-11:
Monochromatic light with wavelength 538 nm falls on
a slit with width 25.2m. The distance from the slit to a screen is 3.48m.
Consider a point on the screen 1.13cm from the central maximum. Calculate
(a) (b) (c) ratio of the intensity at this point to the intensity at the central
maximum.

Diffraction at a circular aperture: 42-4

Problem HRK E42- 14:
An astronaut in a satellite claims to be able to just barely resolve two point
sources on Earth, 163 km below.Calculate the (a) angular (b) linear
separation of the two point sources, assuming ideal conditions.Take =540
nm and the pupil diameter of the astronauts eye to be 4.90 mm.

E42-15. The two headlights of an approaching automobile are 1.4 m apart.

Assume the pupil diameter is 5.0 mm and the wavelength of light is 550 nm.
(a) At what angular separation and (b)minimum distance will the eye resolve
them?

E-42-16:
The wall of a large room is covered with acoustic tile in which
small holes are drilled 5.20 mm from the center. How far can a person be

from such a tile and still distinguish the individual holes, assuming ideal
conditions? Assume the diameter of the pupil of the observers eye to be
4.60 mm and the wavelength to be 542 nm .

Solution:

HRK E42-4 17:

Find the separation of two points on the Moons surface
that can just be resolved bu 200-in ( 5.08 m) telescope at Mount Palomar,
assuming that this distance is determined by diffraction effects. Assume a
wavelength of 565 nm.
Answer: (a)R=1.36 x 10-7 radian, y=52.2 m
E42-4-19. If superman really had x-ray vision at 0.12 nm wavelength and a
4.3 mm pupil diameter, at what maximum altitude could he distinguish
villains from heroes assuming the minimum detail required was 4.8 cm?
Solution:

E-42-21:
The painting contains small dots (2 mm in diameter) of pure
pigment, as indicated in figure. The illusion of color mixing occurs because
the pupils of the observers eyes diffract light entering them. Calculate the
minimum distance an observer must stand from painting to achieve the
desired blending of color. (wavelength = 475nm, diameter of pupil =
4.4mm)Solution:

Double-Slit Interference and Diffraction

Combined
E 42-5-25: Two slits of width a and separation d are illuminated by a
coherent beam of light of wavelength . What is the linear separation of the
interference fringes observed on a screen that is distance D away?

cos

sin

E 42-5-27: For d =2a in the following figure, how

many interference fringes lie in the central diffraction envelope? (b) If we put
d=da, the two slits coalesce into a slit of width 2a. Show that equation
reduces to diffraction pattern for a single slit.

E42-5-26. (a) Design a double slit system in which the fourth fringe, not
counting the central maximum, is missing. (b) What order fringes, if any are
also missing?