Developing Web Applications Using Java Server Pages (JSP) Final

JavaTM Education & Technology Services
Developing Web
Applications using Java
Server Pages (JSP)
Copyright Information Technology Institute
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: JSP Basics

Chapter 2: JSP Syntax
Chapter 3: JSP and Java Beans

http://jets.iti.gov.eg
Chapter 1
JSP Basics

Chapter 1 Outline
What is Java Server Page (JSP)?
What is wrong with servlets?
What is the difference between servlets and JSP?
Advantages
Ad
t
off JSP
JSP.
How JSP look like?
How JSP works?
javax.servlet.jsp package.
JspPage interface
HttpJspPage Interface
JSP Classes
What is Java Server Page (JSP) ?

An extension of the servlet technology created
to support authoring of HTML and XML pages
pages.
What is wrong with servlets ?
Most Web pages are HTML.
Every single change will require the involvement of
the servlet programmer.
No clear separation of presentation and logic.
Little bit difficult for web programmers.

What is the difference between servlets and

JSP?
Servlets:
Are Java programs with embedded HTML
HTML.
Generate dynamic content.
Do not separate static and dynamic content
content.
JavaServer Pages:
Are HTML pages with embedded Java code or
they can be pure XML.
Generate dynamic content
content.
Separate static and dynamic content.
Benefits of JSP
Easier to author (Web-site development tools).

Separating the development team responsibilities.
responsibilities
Business and presentation logic are separated.
Si lif d
Simplify
development
l
t with
ith JSP
JSP, JJavaBeans
B
and
d
custom tags.
Supports software reuse through the use of
components.
Recompile automatically when change are made to
the source file.
Platform independent.
independent
How JSP look like?
<HTML> tags stay as they are. When you need to add dynamic
content, all you need to do is enclose your code in <% %> tags
<%@ page import="java.util.Enumeration" %>
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE> Using JSP </TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR= #DADADA>
<%
Enumeration parameters = request.getParameterNames();
String param = null;
while (parameters.hasMoreElements()) {
param = (String) parameters.nextElement();
out.println(param + ":" + request.getParameter(param) +
"<BR>");}
out.close();
();
%>
</BODY>
</HTML>

How JSP works ?

J2EE container
Web
container
First
time
(p
page
g compiler
p
)
http://host/date.jsp
Yes
1
Create servlet
date.java
No
Compile servlet
date.class
Servlet life cycle

Example
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<%
% out.println
t i tl ( "JSP iis easy");%>
") %
</BODY>
</HTML>
public void _jspService(..)

{
out.write("<HTML>\r\n");
out write("<HEAD>\r\n");
out.write(
<HEAD>\r\n );
out.write("</HEAD>\r\n");
out.write("<BODY>\r\n");
out.println("JSP
t i tl ("JSP iis easy");
")
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("</BODY>\r\n");
out.write("</HTML>");
}

10
Notes on JSP life Cycle
* Source: Core Servlets and Javaserver Pages By Marty Hall, Larry Brown ISBN 0130092290
11
Why JSP developers need servlets?

1. JSP pages are translated into servlets.
2 JSP consists
2.
i t off static
t ti HTML,
HTML JSP tags,
t
and
d
Java code (Servlet code).
3 Some
3.
S
tasks
t k are better
b tt accomplished
li h d b
by servlets
l t
than by JSP.
4 Combination of servlets and JSP
4.
JSP.

12
javax.servlet.jsp.*
JSP is involved in two main packages:

javax.servlet.jsp
jjavax.servlet.jsp.tagext
j p g
custom tags
g - Advanced
javax.servlet.jsp contains 2 interfaces , 2

Exceptions and 4 classes
Interfaces :
JspPage
HttpJspPage

13
javax.servlet.jsp.* (contd)
Classes:
JspFactory
J F t
PageContext
JspEngineInfo
JspWriter
Exceptions:
JspException
JspError.

14
JspPage interface
The JspPage is the interface that must be implemented
byy all JSP servlet classes.
It contains two methods:
public void jspInit()
p
public void jjspDestroy()
p
y()
Example:
<% !
(Note it is <%! JSP Declaration Not <%)
public void jspInit() {
System.out.println("Init");
}
public void jspDestroy() {
System.out.println("Destroy");
}
%>

15
HttpJspPage Interface
It extends the JspPage interface.
It has got only one method :

public void _jspService ( HttpServletRequest
request,HttpServletResponse response ) throws
ServletException, IOException.
Its called by the JSP container, to generate the content

of the JSP page.
you can't include this method in a JSP page, because

the page content itself represents this method
method.
16
JSP Classes
The JspFactory class

The JspEngineInfo class
The PageContext class Implicit
Implicit objects
objects
The JspWriter class

17
1-The JspFactory Class

A
An abstract
b t t class
l
that
th t provides
id methods
th d ffor obtaining
bt i i
other objects needed for the JSP page processing.
The class has the static method getDefaultFactory that
returns a JspFactory object.
From the JspFactory object, a PageContext and a
JspEngineInfo object can be obtained using:
public abstract JspEngineInfo getEngineInfo( )
public
bli abstract
b t tP
PageContext
C t t getPageContext
tP
C t t (Servlet
(S l t
requestingServlet, ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response, String errorPageURL,
boolean needsSession
needsSession, int buffer
buffer, boolean autoFlush)
18
The JspFactory Class (cont.)
The following
g code is p
part of the _ jjspService
p
method that is generated by the JSP container:
JspFactory _jspxFactory
jspxFactory = null;
PageContext pageContext = null;
_jspxFactory =JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext ( this,
request,
response,"",
""
true, 8192,
true);
19
2-The JspEngineInfo Class
The JspEngineInfo class is an abstract class

that provides information on the JSP
container.
It has only one method,
getSpecificationVersion, returns the JSP
container's version number.

20
3-The PageContext Class

PageContext represents a class that provides
methods that are implementation-dependent.
implementation dependent.
The PageContext class itself is abstract
abstract, so in
the _ jspService method of a JSP servlet
class, a PageContext object is obtained by
calling the getPageContext method of the
JspFactory class.

21
The PageContext Class (cont.)

The PageContext class provides methods that
are used to create other objects.
j
getOut method returns a JspWriter object that is
used to send strings to the web browser.
getRequest,
tR
t returns
t
a ServletRequest
S
l tR
t object.
bj t
getResponse, returns a ServletResponse object.
getServletConfig,
getServletConfig returns a ServletConfig object.
object
getServletContext, returns a ServletContext object.
getSess
getSession,
o , returns
etu s a
an HttpSession
ttpSess o object
object.

22
4-The JspWriter Class

The JspWriter class is derived from the
java.io.Writer class and represents a Writer that
you can use to write to the client browser.
Of its many methods, the most important are the
print and println methods.

23
Implicit Objects of PageContext class
request
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
response javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
out
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter
javax servlet jsp JspWriter
session
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession
application javax.servlet.ServletContext
javax servlet ServletContext
config
javax.servlet.ServletConfig

24
Review
Revisiting the generated Servlet out of a JSP

file
If the code written in the JSP p
page
g was only
y:
<%
out.println("JSP is easy");
%>

25
Strategies for invoking dynamic code

1 Call
1.
C ll JJava code
d di
directly
tl (S
(Scriptlets)
i tl t )
Simple
2 Develop separate utility classes

2.
classes, Insert into JSP page
only the Java code needed to invoke the utility classes.
3. Develop separate utility classes structured as beans.
4. MVC architecture. A servlet respond to original request,
look up data, and store results in beans, forward to a
JSP page to present results, JSP page uses beans.
Complex
1. Use the JSP expression language.

2. Use custom tags.
Advanced

26
Strategies for invoking dynamic code (cont)
Why limiting the amount of Java code in JSP

pages ?
Development.
Compilation.
Debugging.
Division of labor.
Testing.
Reuse.

27
Lab Exercise

28
Assignments
Make a simple JSP displaying the time.

Make an html page that redirect a request to an
JSP

29
Chapter 2
JSP Syntax

30
Chapter 2 Outline
JSP tags :
Directive elements
Scripting elements
Action elements
Converting into XML syntax

31
JSP Syntax
JSP contains 2 main things :
JSP tags/
t
/ JSP elements
l
t : make
k up the
th syntax
t and
d
semantics of JSP.
Template Data : anything else ,not understood by
the JSP container
example :HTML tags
JSP tags are :

Directive elements
Scripting
S i ti elements
l
t
Action elements

32
JSP tags
JSP tags
Directive
Scripting
page
Scriptlets
include
Declarations
taglib
Expressions
Action

33
1-Directive Elements
They are messages to the JSP container
containing information on how the JSP container
must translate a JSP page into a corresponding
servlet.
They are actually instructions to the container
not a code.
Directives Types :
Page directives
Include directives
Tag library directives (used with custom tags )

34
1-Directive Elements (contd)
Directive element Syntax

<%@ directive (attribute="value")* %>
Example
<%@ page buffer="16384" session="false" %>
<%@ include file=footer.html" %>
<%@ talib uri=. prefix =c%> Advanced

35

a-Page Directive Attributes
Atribute
Value Type
Default
import
Fully qualified class name
None
contentType
MIME type, character set
"text/html;charset=ISO8859-1
session
Boolean
true
buffer
Buffer size in Kb or false
8192
autoFlush
Boolean
"true
info
String
Depends on the container
errorPage
URL
None
isErrorPage
Boolean
"false
isThreadSafe
Boolean
"true
extends
Class name
None
g g
language
Scripting
p g language
g g name
"java"
j

36

Examples
<%@ page import="java.util.Enumeration" %>

<%@
@p
page
g session="false" %>
<%@ page buffer="16384" %>
<%@ page autoFlush="false" %>
<%@ page errorPage="ErrorPage.jsp" %>
Its not allowed to repeat assigned attributes

exceptt for
f import
i
t attribute
tt ib t

37

Notes on import attribute
1st and 2nd strategy for invoking dynamic code.
Utility classes should always be in packages and the JSP
page should use the import attribute.
By default
default, the generated servlet imports java.lang.*,
java lang *
javax.servlet.*, javax.servlet.jsp.*, javax.servlet.http.*.
The onlyy p
page
g attribute that is allowed to appear
pp
multiple
p
times.
The utility classes should be placed in /WEB-NF/classes/
Note:
<%@ page import="package.class1,...,package.classN" %>

38

b-The Include Directive
It enables JSP page authors to include the

contents of other files in the current JSP page.
We can include static page like html or another
JSP page.
p g
Include Syntax:
<%@
@ include file="relativeURL" %>
Example:
<%@
@ include file=header.html" %>
Note the g
generated servlets code.
39
2-Scripting Elements
It allows you to insert Java code in your JSP

pages.
1st and 2nd strategy
gy for invoking
g dynamic
y
code.
There are three types:
Scriptlets
p
Declarations
Expressions

40
2-Scripting Elements (contd)

a-Scriptlets
Inserted into the servlets _jspService method

Syntax
<% //// put here your java code //// %>
Example
E
l :
<%
out.println("Current
t i tl ("C
t Time:
Ti
" + getSystemTime())
tS t Ti ()) ;
%>

41

b-Declarations
IIts
used
d to d
declare
l
methods
h d or variables.
i bl
Inserted into the body of the servlet class, outside
any existing
i ti methods.
th d
Can not access the implict objects of _jspService
method
Syntax:
<%! //// put your code here //// %>
Examples:
<%! String getSystemTime() {
return Calendar.getInstance().getTime().toString();
}%>
}%
<%! int x; %>
42

c-Expressions
Its used to evaluate expressions and print them

to the user.
Its used instead of out.println()
Syntax:
<%=
% put the variable here %>
%
Example:
<%=
% java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime() %
%>
The same result of :
out.print( java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime() );
43
Assignment
Write a utility class that generates a random
number within a given range
range.
Invoke methods of this utility class from jsp page
using scripting elements
elements.

44
3-Standard Action Elements

They consists of :
jsp:include
jsp:forward
jsp:param
jsp:plugin
jsp:params
jsp:fallback
jsp:useBean
jsp:setProperty
jsp:getProperty

45
3-Standard Action Elements(cont)

Include, forward and param
They got the same effect of RequestDispatcher

include and forward
Syntax:
<jsp:include page
page="relativeURL>
relativeURL >
( <jsp:param . . . /> )*
</jsp:include>
j p
<jsp:forward page="relativeURL">
( <jsp:param . . . /> )*
</ jsp:forward >
46

Notes on jsp:include
The included pages can be
- HTML files,
fil
plain
l i text
t t files,
fil
JSP pages, S
Servlets
l t
- With JSP pages and servlets, only the output of the page
is included, not the actual code.
Do not use complete HTML documents for the included
pages.
The included page uses the same request object as the
originally requested page and sees the same request
parameters.
The main page can add to or replace the request
parameters using jsp:param.
47

Notes on jsp:forward
Using jsp:forward obtain the complete output from the
destination page
page.
The main page must not have any output.
The main page can add to or replace the request
parameters using jsp:param.

48
jsp:include vs. include directive

<j i l d page= urll />
<jsp:include
Include
I l d th
the output
t t off
a page at request time
No change needed in
the main page when the
included pages change
change.
The included p
pages
g
cannot use any JSP
constructs that affect the
main page as a whole.
<%@ iinclude
l d file=
fil urll %>
Insert JSP code into the

main page before that
main page is translated
into a servlet.
The main page must be
updated whenever any of
the included p
pages
g
change.
The included code can
contain JSP constructs
such as field definitions
and content-type settings
that affect the main page
as a whole.
49
Assignment
Use both jsp:include and include directive to
include header to your jsp and Note the
difference.

50
3-Standard Action Elements(cont.)

Plugin, Fallback and params
Sun developed a browser plug-in for Netscape and
Internet Explorer that lets you use the Java 2 platform in
a variety
i t off browser
b
versions.
i
In some browsers, the normal APPLET tag will not work
with the plug-in.
plug in. Instead, use OBJECT tag for Internet
Explorer and EMBED tag for Netscape.
The <jsp: plugin> is used to generate HTML <OBJECT>
or <EMBED>
EMBED tags
t
that
th t instruct
i t t the
th browser
b
to
t download
d
l d
the Java Plugin software, if required, and initiate the
execution of the Java applet
pp specified.
p
Note: The applet .class files must not be placed in WEBINF/classes, as the browser, not the server, uses them.
51

Plugin, Fallback and params
<APPLET CODE="MyApplet.class WIDTH=475 HEIGHT=350>
<PARAM NAME="PARAM1" VALUE="VALUE1">
</APPLET>
< jsp:plugin type=

type="applet
applet code=
code="MyApplet
MyApplet.class
class width=
width="475"
475 height=
height="350">
350 >
<jsp:params>
<jsp:param name="PARAM1" value="VALUE1" />
</jsp:params>
</jsp:plugin>

52

useBean, setProperty and getProperty
Used to contact a bean

Will be described in details in the next chapter

53
Comment tag
HTML comments

<!
>
JSP comment
<%-- JSP Comment --%>

54
Assignment
Use <jsp: plugin> to embed Applet in your jsp
page.
g

55
Converting into XML syntax
Benefits:
The content of the JSP page can be validated against
a set of descriptions.
The JSP page can be manipulated using an XML
tool.
The JSP page can be generated from a textual
representation by applying an XML transformation

56
Converting into XML syntax (contd)

Syntax
<jsp:directive.directiveName attribute_list />

<jsp:declaration>
j d l ti
d l ti code
declaration
d </jsp:declaration>
/j d l ti
<jsp:scriptlet> scriptlet code </jsp:scriptlet>
<jsp:expression>
jsp:expression expression </jsp:expression>
/jsp:expression
Examples:
<jsp:directive.page
j p
p g attr=value />
<jsp:scriptlet> String s; s =
request.getParameter("user"); </jsp:scriptlet>
<jsp:text>
<jsp:text>.</jsp:text>
</jsp:text>

57
Converting into XML syntax (contd)

Notes on XML Syntax:
XML element names can contain colons, XMLcompatible
tibl version
i off allll standard
t d d JSP elements
l
t
starts with the jsp prefix (or namespace).
XML tags are case sensitive.
XML tags must be explicitly closed.
To get ' within an attribute value, use \.
To get ", use \; to get \, use \\; to get %>, use %\>;
and to get <%,
<% use <\%
<\%.
58
Chapter 3
JSP and Java Beans

59
Chapter 3 Outline
What is a Bean?
<useBean> Tag Structure.
Structure
How to use a request parameter to feed the value of a
bean variable ?

60
What is a Bean?
A bean is a java class with certain rules defined
by the JavaBeans specification.
Beans extend no particular class and use no
particular interface.
The 3rd strategy for invoking dynamic code.

61
Why beans?
Why we should use beans in JSP ?
Avoiding spagitti code.

No Java syntax, instead XML-compatible tags.
Clear separation of roles.
Simpler object sharing.
Convenient correspondence between request
parameters
t
and
d object
bj t properties.
ti

62
Java Beans Rules

A bean class must have a default constructor
((which will be called when JSP elements or
servlets create beans).
A bean class should have no public instance
variables.
Persistent values (properties) should be
accessed through methods called getXxx and
setXxx.
Or isXxx and setXxx for bolean properties.
63
Java Beans Rules (cont)

Example:
- If yyour Book bean class has a long
g instance variable
isbn and a boolean borrowed.
- Then your bean class should have the following
methods to make isbn and borrowed accessible by the
standard JSP actions:
long getIsbn ()
void setIsbn (long isbn)
boolean isBorrowed ()
void setBorrowed (boolean borrowed)

64
Java Beans Rules (cont)

Notes on Bean classes :
Place all your beans in packages.
Install them in the normal Java code directories:
WEB-INF/classes/ for individual classes and
WEB-INF/lib for JAR files.

65
<useBean> Tag Structure

< jsp:useBean
j
B
((attribute="value")+
ib
" l ") />
/
Main attributes :
id
class
scope (page
(page, request,
request session,
session application)
Example:
<jsp:useBean id=
id=beanName"
beanName" scope="session"
class=" com.mybeans.MyFirstBean"/>
This element can either build a new bean or
access a preexisting one in the specified scope
scope.
66
<useBean> Tag Structure (cont)

You must use the fully qualified class name for
the class attribute regardless of whether you use
<%@ page import... %> to import packages.
<jsp:useBean id=bookBean
class=" com.mybeans.MyBookBean"/>
<% com.mybeans.MyBookBean bookBean = new

com.mybeans.MyBookBean(); %>
67
<getProperty> & <setProperty> Tags

Structure
Accessing Properties in a bean through :

jsp:getProperty
jsp:setProperty
Syntax:
<jsp:getProperty name=" beanName "
property="propertyName"/>
This element reads and outputs the value of a
bean property.
Reading a property means calling its getXxx
method.
68

Structure (cont)
<jsp:setProperty
jsp:setProperty name
name=" beanName "
property=propertyName" value="value"/>
This element modifies a bean property (i.e.,
calls its setXxx method).
method)

69

Structure (cont)
JSP expression could be used to call a method

on the object
j
with the variable specified by
y the id
attribute.
<%= bookBean.getIsbn() %>
<jsp:getProperty
j pg
p y name=" bookBean "
property=isbn"/>
It is not advisable but can be useful with loops,
conditional statements, and methods not
represented as properties.
70

Structure (cont)
JSP scriptlet could be used to explicitly call

methods on the bean object.
j
<% bookBean.setIsbn (1234567890); %>
<jsp:setProperty name=" bookBean"
property=isbn"
p
p y
value=1234567890"/>
It is not advisable but can be useful in setting
g the
value conditionally or calling methods other than
getXxx or setXxx on the object.
71
Example
package com.mybeans;
com mybeans;
public class MyFirstBean {
private String firstName;
public String getFirstName()
{
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String name)
{
firstName name
firstName=name;
} }
Note:In beans terminology the class is said to have a String
property called firstName.
72
Example (cont.)
<jsp:useBean
jsp:useBean id
id= myBean
myBean
class=com.mybeans.MyFirstBean />
<jsp:setProperty name= myBean
property=firstName
p
p y
value= Ali />
The
e First
st Name
a e is
s <jsp:getProperty
jsp get ope ty
name=myBean property=firstName />

73
Example (cont.)
Note You can access the bean methods using
scripting
g tags
g
<jsp:useBean id= myBean
class=com.mybeans.MyFirstBean />
<%
% String
St i name = Ali ;
myBean.setFirstName (name);
%>
The First Name is <%= myBean.getFirstName()%>
Note: Whenever possible, avoid mixing the XMLcompatible jsp:useBean tags with JSP scripting elements
containing
t i i explicit
li it JJava code.
d
74
How to use a request parameter to feed the

value of a bean variable ?
Consider this case:
<% int isbn = 1;
tryy {
isbn =
Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter(isbNum"));
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) { }
%>
<j
<jsp:setProperty
tP
t name=bookBean
b kB
property=isbn"
t i b "
value="<%= isbn %>" />

75

value of a bean variable ? (cont)
JSP offers a better solution:
<jsp:setProperty name="BeanName"
property="PropertyName
property=
PropertyName param=
param="parameterName"/>
parameterName />
For Example:
<jsp:setProperty name=bookBean property=" isbn"
param= isbNum/>
isbNum is the name of the request parameter.

The value of the request parameter isbNum is automatically used as the
value of the bean p
property
p y isbn.
Type conversions from String to primitive types (byte, int, double, etc.)
and wrapper classes (Byte, Integer, Double, etc.) are automatically
performed.
p
If the specified parameter is missing from the request, no action is taken

76

value of a bean variable ? (cont)
If the request parameter name and the bean

property name are the same the param attribute
could be omitted
Example:
p
If the request parameter has the name isbn
<jsp:setProperty name=bookBean property=" isbn />
To Associate all properties with request

parameters (Form Beans)
<jsp:setProperty name=bookBean property=" * />
77
Scope of the Bean
page
request
session
i
application

78
Scope of the Bean (cont)

1. page:
The default value.
The bean is bound to a local variable (accessible by
this jsp page only)
only).
The bean object is placed in the PageContext object
for the duration of the current request.
The code can access it by calling getAttribute on the
predefined pageContext variable of the page.
The
Th bean
b
is
i nott shared
h d and
d th
thus a new b
bean will
ill b
be
created for each request.

79

2. request:
The bean is bound to a local variable
variable.
The bean object is placed in the HttpServletRequest
object for the duration of the current request.
The servlet code can access it by calling getAttribute
on the request variable.
Note
N t that
th t two
t
JSP pages or a JSP page and
d a servlet
l t
share request objects jsp:include, jsp:forward or the
include or forward methods of RequestDispatcher
q
p
is
used.

80

3. session:
The bean is bound to a local variable.
The bean object will be stored in the HttpSession
object associated with the current request
request.
The servlet code can access it by calling getAttribute
on the session variable.

81

4. application:
Th
The b
bean iis b
bound
d tto a llocall variable.
i bl
The bean object will be stored in the ServletContext
available through the predefined application variable
or by a call to getServletContext.
The ServletContext is shared by all servlets and JSP
pages in
i th
the W
Web
b application.
li ti
Values in the ServletContext can be retrieved with the
getAttribute method.

82
Lab Exercise

83
Assignment
Write a jsp page that populates a Java bean with
the data from the user and forward to another
jsp page or servlet that displays the data.

84
Chapter 4
MVC Frameworks

85
Chapter 4 Outline
MVC Design Pattern.
Why MVC?
MVC Frameworks.
Implementing
I l
ti MVC with
ith RequestDispatcher.
R
tDi
t h

86
MVC Design Pattern

Model-View-Controller (MVC) is an architectural
design pattern used to build complex computer
applications.
It aims to separate data (model) and user
i t f
interface
(view).
( i )
The MVC architecture divides applications into
th
three
layers
l
:
Model: The data and business logic
View: The presentation and User Interface
Controller: The flow control

87
Why MVC?
Why MVC?
1 Dividing responsibilities:
1.
Business logic and presentation are separated.

y change
g in one layer
y does not affect
Flexibility:
the other.
2. Ease of maintenance.
3 Pre and Post Processing (sec
3.
(security,
rit logging
logging, etc
etc))

88
MVC Frameworks
The 4th strategy for invoking dynamic code.
The original
g
request
q
is handled by
y a servlet.
The servlet invokes the business-logic and data-access
code and creates beans to represent the results , decides
which JSP page present those results and forwards the
request to it.
This servlet is the Controller.
The beans representing the results are the Model.
The jsp that presents the results are the View.
The most popular MVC
C fframework is Apache Struts.
S
89
MVC Frameworks (cont)
1-request
Controller
(Servlet)
2
3
Client
browser
5-response
View
(JSP)
Model
4
Servlet Container
Database (EIS)

90
Steps of Implementing MVC

1. Define beans to represent the data.
2 Use a servlet to handle requests
2.
requests.
3. The servlet invokes business logic or data-access code
to obtain the results. The results are placed in the
beans (Populate the beans).
4. Store the bean in the request, session, or servlet
context.
context
5. Forward the request to a JSP page (using forward
method of RequestDispatcher)
6. Extract the data from the beans. The JSP page
accesses beans with jsp:useBean and jsp:getProperty
tags
tags.
91
Notes on the Steps of Implementing MVC

The Java beans must have a default constructor since a
servlet or other Java routine (never a JSP page) will
create the beans
beans.
A controller servlet handles the initial request, it can read
request parameters and request headers.
The controller servlet can also use the populateBean
method of Jakarta Commons BeanUtils component to
automatically populate a form bean with the request
parameters.

92
Notes on the Steps of Implementing MVC (cont)

Jakarta Commons BeanUtils component performs the
reflection and the type conversion.
You can download this component from
http://commons apache org/components html
http://commons.apache.org/components.html
Note that to install and use any external component :
List the JAR files in your CLASSPATH for development.
Put the JAR files in the WEB-INF/lib directory of your Web
application for deployment
deployment, .
To share JAR files across Web applications, put JAR

files in /common/lib.
93
Example on using BeanUtils component

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
public class MyRequestServlet extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
IOException {
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
MyBean bean=new MyBean();
t {
try{
BeanUtils.populate (bean, request.getParameterMap());
}catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
} }
94

The Servlet can then call some business logic code,
invoke an Enterprise JavaBeans component, or query a
d t b
database
tto d
determine
t
i th
the results
lt and
d fill iin th
the value
l
object beans.
A servlet can store data for JSP pages in three main
places: in the HttpServletRequest, in the HttpSession,
and
d iin th
the S
ServletContext.
l tC t t

95

BeanObject
B
Obj t b
bean = new B
BeanObject
Obj t ((...);
)
request.setAttribute ("key", bean );
<jsp:useBean id="key" type=myPackage.BeanObject"
scope= request />
BeanObject bean = new BeanObject (...);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute ("key", bean );
<jsp:useBean id="key" type=myPackage. BeanObject "
scope= session />
BeanObject bean = new BeanObject (...);
getServletContext().setAttribute("key", bean );
<jsp:useBean
<jsp
seBean id
id="key"
"ke " ttype=myPackage.
pe m Package BeanObject "
scope= application />
96

You can place your jsp pages under the WEB-INF
directory to prevent clients from accessing them directly
and only servlets can forward requests to them.
Using forward method of RequestDispatcher, makes the
client sees the URL of the original servlet, not the URL of
the final JSP page.
If the destination page uses relative URLs for images or
style
y sheets, it needs to make them relative to the servlet
URL or the server root, not to the destination pages
actual location.
e.g.
e
g <LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="/path/my-styles
HREF= /path/my-styles.css
css
TYPE="text/css">
97
Project
After the user correctly log in to the Application,
a specified home page
g is displayed
y according
g to
the priviliges of the user.
Only the managers can add, edit or delete
another employee.
Implement the MVC architecture and avoid using
direct java code in the jsp pages as much as you
can.

98
References & Recommended Reading
Core Servlets and JSP.

J
Java
for
f the
th Web
W b with
ith Servlets,
S l t JSP,
JSP and
d EJB.
EJB
Sun presentations.
Oracle presentations.
SCJWD study guide.

99

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Chapter 1: JSP Basics

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What is Java Server Page (JSP) ?

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What is the difference between servlets and

Easier to author (Web-site development tools).

How JSP look like?

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How JSP works ?

Servlet life cycle

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public void _jspService(..)

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Notes on JSP life Cycle

Why JSP developers need servlets?

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JSP is involved in two main packages:

javax.servlet.jsp contains 2 interfaces , 2

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It extends the JspPage interface.

It has got only one method :

Its called by the JSP container, to generate the content

you can't include this method in a JSP page, because

Copyright Information Technology Institute

The JspFactory class

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1-The JspFactory Class

The JspFactory Class (cont.)

2-The JspEngineInfo Class

The JspEngineInfo class is an abstract class

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3-The PageContext Class

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The PageContext Class (cont.)

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4-The JspWriter Class

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Implicit Objects of PageContext class

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Revisiting the generated Servlet out of a JSP

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Strategies for invoking dynamic code

2 Develop separate utility classes

1. Use the JSP expression language.

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Strategies for invoking dynamic code (cont)

Why limiting the amount of Java code in JSP

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Make a simple JSP displaying the time.

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JSP tags are :

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1-Directive Elements (contd)

Directive element Syntax

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