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At room temperature, toluene diisocyanate is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sharp,
pungent odor. It is combustible only at high temperatures, but burns to produce
toxic gases (cyanides and nitrogen oxides). It is volatile, producing toxic
concentrations at room temperature. The odor of toluene diisocyanate does not
provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations.
Toluene diisocyanate is absorbed rapidly through the lungs, but dermal absorption is
minimal. No information was located pertaining to ingestion of toluene diisocyanate.
Exposure by inhalation causes respiratory and systemic effects while dermal exposure
causes inflammation and irritation of the skin.
Description
Routes of Exposure
Inhalation
ATSDR
General Information
Toluene Diisocyanate
Direct contact with liquid toluene diisocyanate can cause severe eye
and skin irritation. Exposure to relatively high vapor concentrations
produces inflammation of mucous membranes. Dermal absorption
is slow through intact skin.
Children are more vulnerable to toxicants absorbed through the skin
because of their relatively larger surface area:body weight ratio.
Ingestion
Sources/Uses
Standards and
Guidelines
Physical Properties
General Information
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Incompatibilities
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General Information
Toluene Diisocyanate
General Information
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Health Effects
C
Acute Exposure
Respiratory
Health Effects
Toluene Diisocyanate
Dermal
Ocular
Gastrointestinal
Potential Sequelae
Chronic Exposure
Health Effects
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Reproductive and
Developmental Effects
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Health Effects
Toluene Diisocyanate
Health Effects
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Prehospital Management
C
Victims exposed only to toluene diisocyanate vapor do not pose contamination risks
to rescuers. Victims whose clothing or skin is contaminated with liquid toluene
diisocyanate can secondarily contaminate response personnel by direct contact or by
off-gassing vapor.
Toluene diisocyanate is a direct irritant to mucous membranes, skin, eyes, and the
respiratory system. Acute inhalation exposure may lead to euphoria, ataxia, mental
aberrations, vomiting, abdominal pain, bronchospasm, chemical bronchitis,
hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Hot Zone
Rescuer Protection
ABC Reminders
Victim Removal
If victims can walk, lead them out of the Hot Zone to the
Decontamination Zone. Victims who are unable to walk may be
removed on backboards or gurneys; if these are not available,
carefully carry or drag victims to safety.
Consider appropriate management of chemically-contaminated
children, such as measures to reduce separation anxiety if a child is
separated from a parent or other adult.
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Prehospital Management
Toluene Diisocyanate
Decontamination Zone
Rescuer Protection
ABC Reminders
Basic Decontamination
Victims who are able may assist with their own decontamination.
Quickly remove and double-bag contaminated clothing and
personal belongings.
Flush exposed skin and hair with water for 2 to 3 minutes, then
wash twice with mild soap. Rinse thoroughly with water. Use
caution to avoid hypothermia when decontaminating children or the
elderly. Use blankets or warmers when appropriate.
Flush exposed or irritated eyes with plain water or saline for
15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if easily removable without
additional trauma to the eye. Continue eye irrigation during other
basic care and transport. If a corrosive material is suspected or if
pain or injury is evident, continue irrigation while transferring the
victim to the Support Zone.
In cases of ingestion, do not induce emesis. If the victim is alert,
asymptomatic, and has a gag reflex, administer a slurry of activated
charcoal at 1 gm/kg (usual adult dose 6090 g, child dose 2550 g).
A soda can and a straw may be of assistance when offering charcoal
to a child.
Victims who are conscious and able to swallow should be given 4
to 8 ounces of milk or water (not to exceed 15 mL/kg in a child). If
the victim is symptomatic, delay decontamination until other
emergency measures have been instituted.
Consider appropriate management of chemically contaminated
children at the exposure site. Provide reassurance to the child during
decontamination, especially if separation from a parent occurs.
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Prehospital Management
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Support Zone
ABC Reminders
Additional Decontamination
Advanced Treatment
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Prehospital Management
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Multi-Casualty Triage
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Prehospital Management
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Decontamination Area
ABC Reminders
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Basic Decontamination
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ABC Reminders
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Skin Exposure
Eye Exposure
Ingestion Exposure
Toluene Diisocyanate
Laboratory Tests
Disposition and
Follow-up
Delayed Effects
Patient Release
Follow-up
Obtain the name of the patients primary care physician so that the
hospital can send a copy of the ED visit to the patients doctor.
If significant inhalation or skin contact has occurred, monitor
pulmonary function. Persons who have wheezing episodes may be
permanently sensitized and may need to be removed from future
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Reporting
Toluene Diisocyanate
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Toluene Diisocyanate
This handout provides information and follow-up instructions for persons who have been exposed to toluene
diisocyanate.
What is Toluene diisocyanate?
Toluene diisocyanate is a pale-yellow liquid with a strong, sharp odor. It is used mainly to make polyurethane
foams and coatings.
What immediate health effects can be caused by exposure to toluene diisocyanate?
Low levels of toluene diisocyanate in the air can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs and cause cough,
chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Higher levels can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which may
cause death. If liquid toluene diisocyanate comes in contact with the skin or eyes, it can cause severe burns.
Generally, the more serious the exposure, the more severe the symptoms.
Can toluene diisocyanate poisoning be treated?
There is no antidote for toluene diisocyanate, but its effects can be treated and most exposed persons get
well. Seriously exposed persons may need to be hospitalized.
Are any future health effects likely to occur?
After exposure to toluene diisocyanate, certain persons can develop allergies in which even small exposures
to toluene diisocyanate or other irritants can trigger asthma attacks or shortness of breath. Therefore, it is
important to tell your doctor that you have been exposed to toluene diisocyanate. After a serious exposure
or repeated exposures, toluene diisocyanate can cause permanent lung damage. Toluene diisocyanate
poisoning can cause permanent alterations of nervous system function, including problems with memory,
learning, thinking, sleeping, personality changes, depression, headache, and sensory and perceptual changes.
What tests can be done if a person has been exposed to toluene diisocyanate?
Specific tests for the presence of toluene diisocyanate in blood are not available. If a severe exposure has
occurred, respiratory function tests and a chest x-ray may show whether damage has been done to the lungs.
Patients who have problems with memory, concentration, or personality changes or who experienced
seizures or convulsions when exposed to toluene diisocyanate may need neurobehavioral toxicity testing.
Testing is not needed in every case.
Where can more information about toluene diisocyanate be found?
More information about toluene diisocyanate can be obtained from your regional poison control center; your
state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR);
your doctor, or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental health. If the exposure
happened at work, you may wish to discuss it with your employer, the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Ask the
person who gave you this form for help in locating these telephone numbers.
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Toluene Diisocyanate
Follow-up Instructions
Keep this page and take it with you to your next appointment. Follow only the instructions checked below.
[ ] Call your doctor or the Emergency Department if you develop any unusual signs or symptoms within the
next 24 hours, especially:
[ ] No follow-up appointment is necessary unless you develop any of the symptoms listed above.
[ ] Call for an appointment with Dr.
in the practice of
.
When you call for your appointment, please say that you were treated in the Emergency Department at
Hospital by
and were advised to
be seen again in
days.
[ ] Return to the Emergency Department/
Clinic on (date)
at
AM/PM for a follow-up examination.
[ ] Do not perform vigorous physical activities for 1 to 2 days.
[ ] You may resume everyday activities including driving and operating machinery.
[ ] Do not return to work for
days.
[ ] You may return to work on a limited basis. See instructions below.
[ ] Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke for 72 hours; smoke may worsen the condition of your lungs.
[ ] Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages for at least 24 hours; alcohol may worsen injury to your
stomach or have other effects.
[ ] Avoid taking the following medications:
[ ] You may continue taking the following medication(s) that your doctor(s) prescribed for you:
[ ] Other instructions:
Provide the Emergency Department with the name and the number of your primary care physician so that
the ED can send him or her a record of your emergency department visit.
You or your physician can get more information on the chemical by contacting:
or
, or by checking out the following Internet
Web sites:
;
.
Signature of patient
Date
Signature of physician
Date
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