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SMJC2253
2/23/2016
WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week
Week 1
Feb. 15
Topic
1.0 Introduction to Transport Processes
1) Type of Transport Processes
2) Transport Analogy
Example 1
3) General Transport Equation for Momentum, Heat and Mass
Transfer
Example 2
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WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week
Week 2
Feb. 22
Topic
2.0 Heat Transfer : Conduction
1) Introduction to heat transfer
2) Conduction
3) Steady state conduction through plate, cylindrical
system and spherical system
Example 3
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WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week
Week 3
Feb. 29
Topic
2.0 Heat Transfer : Conduction
1) Conduction through material in parallel
2) Overall coefficient
Example 4
3) Conduction with internal heat generation
Example 5
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WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week
Week 4
March 7
Topic
3.0 Heat Transfer: Convection
1) Concept of boundary layer
2) Forced convection
a) Flow inside tube
b) Flow parallel to flat plate
Example 6
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WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week
Week 5
March 14
Topic
3.0 Heat Transfer: Convection
2) Forced convection
c) Flow perpendicular to horizontal cylinder
Example 7
d) Flow past single sphere
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Week 1
Feb.15
1.0 Introduction to Transport Processes
Type of Transport Processes
Transport Analogy
Example 1
General Transport Equation for Momentum, Heat and Mass
Transfer
Example 2
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2) Transport Analogy
(p.43 General Molecular Transport Equation and General Property Balance)
General molecular transport equation
All three of the molecular transport of momentum, heat or thermal energy and mass are
characterized in the elementary sense by the same general type of transport equation.
First we start by noting the following;
driving force
(2.3-1)
This states what is quite obvious that we need a driving forth to overcome a resistance in order
to transport a property.
This is similar to Ohms law in electricity, where the rate of flow of electricity is proportional to
the voltage drop(driving force) and inversely proportional to the resistance.
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Psi
z =
-
Delta
Gamma
(2.3-2)
dz
Here
z
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flux
[1/sm2]
diffusivity
[m2/ s]
concentration
[1/m3]
distance
[m]
10
z1
= dz- d
z
Here
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(1 2 )
(2.3-3)
(2.3-4)
z 2 z1
flux
[1/sm ]
diffusivity
[m2/ s]
concentration
[1/m ]
distance
[m]
11
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12
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13
(1 2 ) (0.013)(1.37 10 0.72 10 )
z
z2 z1
0.40 0
2
14
z
z1
dz
Here
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( z1 z)
(2.3-5)
(2.3-6)
flux
[1/sm2]
diffusivity
[m2/ s]
concentration
[1/m ]
distance
[m]
15
( z1 z)
1.37 10
2.113 10
0.013
1 . 045 10 2
Here
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(2.3-6)
4
0 0.2
Amount of property/m 3
flux
[1/sm2]
diffusivity
[m2/ s]
concentration
[1/m ]
distance
[m]
16
F,forth
vz
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F,forth
vz
18
F,forth
vz
z
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19
v z
F
A
y
(2.4-1)
Here
F
A
force
[N]
cross-sectional area
[m2]
coefficient of viscosity
[Pa s] or [kg/ms]
velocity
[m/s]
distance
[m]
v z :
y
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20
dvz
dy
yz
=
(SI unit)
(2.4-2)
velocity gradient
[1/s]
dy
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21
The units of viscosity in the cgs system are g/cm s, called poise or centipoise (cp).
In the SI system, viscosity is given in Pa s (N s/m2 or kg/m s):
(SI)
22
F,forth
vz
23
y 2 0 .5
yz
dy
y1 0
yz
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v2 0
dv
(2.4-4)
v 1 10
v1 v2
y 2 y1
(2.4-5)
24
Solution:
Substituting the known values,
yz
v1 v 2
g 10 0cm / s
0.0177
y 2 y1
cm s 0.5 0cm
g cm / s 2
dyn
0.354
0.354 2
2
cm
cm
(2.4-6)
To calculate the shear rate dvz/dy, since the velocity change is linear with y,
Shear rate
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dv z
v z
10 0cm / s
20.0s 1
0.5 0cm
dy
y
(2.4-7)
25
For part (b), using lb force units and the viscosity conversion factor from Appendix A.1.
1.77cp6.7197 10 lbm / ft s / cp
4
1.77 6.797 10 4 lm m / ft s
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26
yz
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lb m / ft s v1 v 2 ft / s
lm m ft
gc
lb f s 2
y2
y1 ft
(2.4-8)
27
yz 7 . 39 10 4 lb f / ft 2 .
Also , dv z / dy 20 s 1
28
b) Heat Transfer
(p.235 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER
4.1A Introduction to Steady-State Heat Transfer)
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(4.1-1)
29
b) Heat Transfer
(p.235 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER
4.1A Introduction to Steady-State Heat Transfer)
Hear
Fouriers law
qx
dT
k
A
dx
(4.1-2)
qx
A
k
T
x
heat-transfer rate
[W] or [cal/s]
cross-sectional area
[m2]
thermal conductivity
temperature
distance
[K]or []
[m]
:
:
qx
:
heat flux
[W/m ]
A
dT
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dx
30
qx x q x A qx xx c p
T
x A
t
(4.1-3)
qx x qx xx
(4.1-3)
area A
out=qxlx+x
in=qxlx
x+x
Ficks law
J* Az = - D AB
dC A
dz
(6.1-3)
Hear
J* Az
D AB
CA
Z
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molar flux of component A in the z direction due to molecular diffusion [kg-mol/(s m2)]
[m2/s]
concentration of A
[kg-mol/ m3)]
distance of diffusion
[m]
32
APPENDIX
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33
dv z
yz g c
dy
=
Here
(English unit)
(2.4-3)
shear stress or
force per unit area lbf/ft2
yz F / A
: coefficient of viscosity
du
:
velocity gradient
dy
gc(gravitational conversion factor)=32.1740lb m ft/lbf s2
= 980.665gm cm/gf s2
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34
Topics
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35