12/5/2011

Screens
Exercise 1
Qpeak = 80 x 106 l/d

= 600

bar spacing = 5 cm

Channel width = 0.75 m

Qpeak

bar width = 1 cm

Lets assume V = 0.6 m/s

The net area (in the vertical) of the screen opening = 0.47 m3/s / 0.6
m/s
(A = Q/V )
= 0.78 m2
Net Area

5 cm

= 80 x 106 l/d
= (80 x106 l/d )x (10-3 m3 / l) x (d/ 24 x 3600 s)
= 0.93 m3/s
Normally we design 2
screens (Peak/2) when
in average flow use 1
screen. When at peak
use both screens

Lets design two screens for Qpeak / 2

Q
=0.93/2 = 0.47 m3/s

As the area is inclined 600 ,

sin 60 = A/A
A
= A/ Sin 60
= 0.94 / Sin 60
= 1.09 m2

Total Area = 0.94 m2

60
A

= 0.78 x ((Bar space + bar width) / space)

=0.78 x ((5+1)/5)
= 0.78 x 6/5
= 0.94 m2

New channel width

1x12 + 5 x ( 12+ 1 ) = 77 cm
New height of the screen = 0.94 / 0.77 = 1.22m < 3m ok

We have taken V i.e. (through velocity) is 0.6 m/s

Height of the screen = 0.94/0.75

= 1.25 m < 3 m

U = V x Bar spacing / (bar space + bar width)

= 0.6 x 5/6 = 0.5 m/s
=

0.75 m

Let no. of bars

1xn + 5(n + 1)
6n
n

1 cm

The Total Area

=n
= 75 cm
= 70
= 11.67 12

1
0.7

1 2 2

0.7
2

0.62 0.52

2 9.81

= 0.8 cm < 40 cm (i.e. 0.4 m)

o.k.

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When clogged - through velocity V = 0.6 x 2 = 1.2 m/s

(Due to net area becoming half)

Grit Chamber
Example 1
Qavg = 10600l/min

1 2 2

0.7
2

1 (0.6 2)2 0.52

0.7
2 9.81
= 9 cm - should be 10-40 cm

Qavg

= 10600l/min
= 10600 x 10-3 m3 / 60 s
= 0.18 m3 /s

Qpeak

= 17070 l/min
= 0.28 m3 /s

Lets design two grit chambers for Qpeak /2

Q = 0.28/2 = 0.14 m3 /s

o.k.

Design velocity

H
Vh=0.3 m/s
Vs=0.021 m/s

W
L
For critical particle of 0.2mm (from Stokes law)

Qpeak = 17070 l/min

Detention time td = 0.69/0.21

td = 32.86 s - slight less 45s- 90s

(hmax / Vs) = td
(hmax / Vs) = L/ Vh
L

= td x Vh
= 32.86 x 0.3
= 9.87 m

Transversal cross section area, A = Qmax / Vh

= 0.14/0.3
= 0.47 m2
Lets use a channel of 0.69 m depth and 0.69 m width (i.e. square)

9.87 x 1.2

Increase L by 20% for inlet turbulence = 9.87 x 120 / 100

= 11.84 m

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Example 2

Check L/D = 11.84 / 0.69 = 17.16

10-30 o.k.

Vh = 0.3 m/s
Qmax

L/W = 11.84 / 0.69 = 17.16

6-15 o.k.

Qmax = 10000 m3/d

Vs = 0.021 m/s

= 10000 m3/d
= 10,000 / 24 x 3600
= 0.12 m3/s

Lets design two grit chambers for Qmax /2

Q = 0.12/2 = 0.6 m3 /s
Transversal cross section area, A = Qmax / Vh
= 0.6/0.3
= 2 m2
Lets use a channel of 1.42m depth and 1.42 m width

td = (hmax / Vs)
= 1.42 / 0.021
= 67.62 s 45 90 s o.k.

Primary Sedimentation tank

Example

Length L = td x Vh
= 67.62 x 0.3
= 30.29 m

Qpeak = 12500 m3/d

Qavg = 5000 m3/d

Using the graph of,

Check L/D = 20.29 / 1.42 = 17.15

1.42 m
10-30 o.k.
1.42 m

L/W = 24.35 / 1.42 = 17.15

6-15 slight high

% Removed

Increase L by 20% for inlet turbulence and variations in

settling velocity.

SS

60%
0.3 m/s

BOD

0.021 m/s
38 m/d SOR Surface Overflow Rate

24.35 m

SOR
This is the liquid rise
velocity. We are using SOR
as the water flow rate is
flowing over the top of the
tank into the weir system.
This is also called surface
loading rate as it has units
of m3 / m2 .d.

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For average flow;

At average flow, detention time = 396 m3 / 5000 m3/d

= 0.08 d
= 0.08 x 24 hrs
= 1.92 hrs
Referring to the design criteria table in lec. Note
detention time (1.92 hrs) is 1.5 2.5 hrs o.k

For 60% removal of SS SOR = 38 m3 / m2 .d

Required surface area

= (5000 m3 / d ) / (38 m3 / m2 .d )
= 131.58 m2 = 132 m2

If the diameter is d
A = d2 / 4
d = (4 x 132 / ) = 12.96 m = 13 m

Weir loading rate = Q / 2r = (5000 m3/d )/ (2 x 13/2)

= 122.42 m3/m.d
124 496 m3/m.d slightly low
For peak flow;
Surface overflow rate (SOR) = (12500 m3/d )/ (132 m2 )
= 94.7 m3/d . m2

132 m2

Refer the design criteria table for the PST in lecture note.

Now we know this, we are

checking for peak flow

Lets assume side wall depth is 3m

3m

Volume of tank = A x depth

= 132 x 3
= 396 m3

From design criteria given in lec. Note SOR should be in 80-120 m3/d .
m2 o.k.

ASP Activated Sludge Process

Detention time t = V / Q
= 396 m3 / 12500m3/d

Example 2

= 0.8 hrs
1.5 2.5 hrs slightly low

Weir loading rate = Q / 2

r
= 12500 / (2
x 13/2)

ASP

Q = 0.25 m3/s
MLVSS = 0.8MLSS
S0 = 250 mg/l of BOD5
Xr = 10,000mg/l of SS
c = 10d
MLVSS = 3500mg/l
Y = 0.65 lbcells/lb BOD5 utilized kd = 0.06d-1
BOD5 = 0.68 BODL

= 306 m3/m.d
124 496 m3/m.d o.k.

X0 = 0
S0 = 250 mg/l of
BOD5
Q = 0.25 m3/s

X,S,Vr

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Influent BOD5 concentration (S0)= 250 mg/l

Qavg

= 0.25

m3/s

Estimation of soluble BOD5 in the effluent

Effluent BOD5 (Se) = Influent Soluble BOD5 + BOD5 of effluent

biological solids
escaping treatment
(Sb) (i.e. BOD5 due
(S)
to bio solids
escaping 2nd ary
sedimentation)
20 = S + Sb

Convert the BODL to BOD5

= 0.68 x 18.46
(i.e. bio solids contribution to eff. BOD5)= 12.55 mg/l
= 12.6 mg/l
( This is Sb)

Determination Sb
Biodegradable portion of the effluent biological solids
= 20 x 0.65
= 13 mg/l
Ultimate BOD (BODL = BODn) at this biodegradable portion
of biological solids
= 13 x 1.42
= 18.42 mg/l
Bio solids degradation is Endrogenioully.

Reactor volume
=
=

Thus influent BOD5 escaping treatment

S
= (20-12.55)mg/l
= 7.45 mg/l
Efficiency based on soluble BOD5

= (250-7.45)/250 x 100%
=97%

Overall plant efficiency

= (250-20)/250 x 100%
= 92%

10

( )
(1 + )
( )

(1 + )

( )
(1 + )

0.25 3
(250 7.45)/ 0.65
1

24 60 60
3500 /[1 + (0.061 10)]
= 6081 m3

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Quantity of bio mass production rate

=
1 +

0.65
=
1 + (0.061 10)

Sludge Wasting Rate (Qw)

Qout=Q+Qr

Qe

= 0.406

Bio mass production rate is :

( = 0 )

250 7.45
= 0.406

21,6003 /

= 2127 /

Vr = 6081 m3

c = 10 d

Q = 0.25 m3/s
= 0.25m3/(1/24x3600 m3/d)

Xe

= 80% x 20 mg/l
= 16 mg/l MLVSS

Xr

= 8000 mg/l MLVSS {i.e. 0.8 x 10,000 (mg/l of SS) = 8000}

= 3500 mg/l MLVSS (given)

=
=

/
( /) + ( ) /

= . /

Qr
Flow balance
Q +Qr
Qout
Q + Qr
Qe

Qw
= Qout
= Qe + Qr + Qw
= Qe + Qr+ Qw
= Q - Qw

Recirculation Ratio
Q , (X=0)

X , (Q + Qr)

Qr , Xr
Bio mass in
0 + Qr Xr
Qr Xr
Qr (Xr - X )
Qr /Q
Qr /Q

= Bio mass out

= X (Q + Qr )
= XQ + X Qr
= XQ
= X / (Xr - X )
= (3500mg/l)/(8000-3500 mg/l)
= 0.78

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Hydraulic detention time (HRT)

= Vr /Q

Volumetric Loading Rate

VLR = S0Q/R
= (250 mg/l x 0.25 m3/s) / 6081 m3

= 6081 m3/0.25 m3/s or

6081 m3/21600 m3/d
= 0.28 d
= 6.76 hrs

F/M ratio

= 0.89 kg/ BOD5 m3.d

Specific Substrate Utilization Rate

U = (S0 S) / .X

F/M= S0 / .X
= 250 mg/l /(0.28 d x 3500 mg/l)

= (250-7.45)mg/l/ (0.28 d x 3500 mg/l)

U = 0.25 mg BOD5 utilized / mg MLVSS.d

= 0.255 (mg.BOD applied/mg.MLVSS.d)