Building Technology 1

Materials of Construction
COMPONENTS OF PAINTS

Body

Vehicle

Pigment

CONCRETE TESTING
METHODS

Broomed

Burlap drag

Travertine and rock salt

Stamped

Exposed aggregate

Types of Concrete

Form board

Heavyweight

Form liner plastics

Lightweight structural

Dimpled

Normal weight

TYPES OF AGGREGATES

Lightweight insulating

Expanded shale

Cellular

Expanded slate

Cap graded

Porlite

Shotcrete

Vermiculite

Preplaced

TYPES OF ADHESIVE

Pumped

Animal glue

Cellulose cement

Slump test

Compressive test

Core test

TYPES OF GLASS

Plate glass

Float glass

Sheet glass

COMMON PAINT
PROBLEMS

Tackining

Bleeding

Blistering

Chalking

Deadening

Moisture blush

Orange peel

Peeling

Screeded trowelled

Wrinkling

Swirl

Types of Concrete Finishes

Integrally pigmented

Chlorinated (rubber)
adhesive

finish

Natural rubber cement

Casein glue

Casein glue

A kind of glue that is made from protein material, it is a dry powder that is mixed with water, it has
good bonding properties for wood to wood or paper to wood application and will develop the full strength of
the wood in most situations.
admixture

Any substance other than cement, water or aggregate, added to the concrete or mortar mix to alter its
properties or those of the hardened product; also called an additive.
Concrete hardener

An additive which improves the denseness of concrete surface which are subjected to rolling live loads
and impact.

Body
That solid, finely ground material which gives paint the power to hide, as well as color the surface.

Chalking

A paint defect characterized by progressive powdering from the surface inward.

enamel

Any paint or varnish drying to a smooth, hard, usually glossy finish.

Natural resin

A varnish made from natural resin or exudations from living trees.

ferrocement

A type of concrete having mortar with large amount of light gauge reinforcement is used; it is used in
bins, boat hulls and other thin complex shapes
Reinforced concrete

A type of concrete using reinforcing bars (plain or deformed) and mats as primary reinforcement.
Integrally pigmented concrete

A type of concrete finish in which coloring agents are added to the mixture. It may be trowelled,
sandblasted, tooled or stamped.
Stamped concrete

A concrete finish using proprietary aluminum tools to imprint various patterns in freshly placed
horizontal concrete surface.
aggregate

Any of the various hard inert mineral material, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement paste to
make concrete or mortar.
fillers

Finishing material which is used on wood surfaces, particularly those with open grains, to till the pores
and provide perfectly smooth, uniform surface for varnish or lacquer.

Animal glue

A glue in liquid form having excellent bonding property with paper or glass and reasonably good bond
with wood or metal. Resistance to heat, cold, creep and water is poor.

Fire retardant
A type of paint which retards the passage of fire to the surface beneath them.
Alkyd paint

A type of paint using alkyd in the formulation. It has a mild alkali resistance but excellent water
resistance, particularly useful for porch and deck application.

pigment
Paint component which gives it color.
alligatoring

An incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks into large segments, usually due to repeated
application of new coats over old coats which are no longer adherent.

thinner
Volatile solvents used to cause paint to flow better.
Normal weight concrete

A type of concrete having density of 135-165 lbs/cu.ft., compressive strength from 2,000psi - over
8,000psi. It is used in structural framing, pavements, floor, etc.
Slump test

A method of determining the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete by measuring the
slump of a test specimen.
Compressive test

A test for determing the compressive of a concrete batch, using a hydraulic press to measure the
maximum load test a cylinder can support.
Shotcrete

A term used to describe mortar or concrete placed by high velocity compressed air that adheres to the
surface.
Polymer-portland cement

A type of concrete wherein monomer or polymer is added to freshly mixed concrete and subsequently
allowed to cure, and if needed polymerized in place.

sandglass
Concrete characterized by textured patterns through the use of templates.
Dimpled concrete

Concrete cast over a bed of crushed stone or gravel aggregate against a polyethylene sheet between
them to prevent bonding.
vermiculite

Mica exoanded by heat into very light wormlike threads, used as non-structural lightweight aggregate
and as loose fill insulation.

Expanded shale
A strong lightweight aggregate obtained by exfoliation of clay or shale, also called expanded clay.
Vitreous colored glass

Polished plate glass which is heat strengthened and coated on one side with vitreous color which is fire
fused to the surface. This type of glass is widely used in curtain wall construction, storefronts, showrooms,
laboratories and industrial buildings.

Acoustical glass
Laminated or insulating glass used for sound control.

Insulating glass
A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass separated by hermetically sealed air spaces.

glass

A hard brittle usually transparent or translucent substance, produced by fusing silica together with a
flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools into a rigid mass without crystallization.
Laminated safety glass

Glass used in the transportation industry, but also widely used in the building industry. This is made of
two sheets or plate or sheet glass bounded by a thin tough layer of polyvinyl butyral resin.
Plate glass

A flat soda lime-silica glass that is extremely smooth and nearly distortion free. It is manufactured by
pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly.
Wired glass

A rolled glass in which wire mesh is inserted during the process of manufacture. It is characterized by
its great resistance to shattering through impact.
Crown glass

An old form of window glass formed by blowing and whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a flat circular
disc with the center lump left by the workers rod.
Glass block

A translucent hollow block of glass with clear, textured or patterned faces made by fusing two halves
together with hollow core, used for glazing openings.
Tempered plate glass

A type of glass made by reheating and suddenly cooling plate glass. Used for swing doors, sliding
doors, skating rink enclosures, etc.
Elasticity

The property of a material that enables it to deform in response ti an applied force and to recover its
original size and shape upon removal of the force.

Thermal Expansion
The change in length or volume which a material or body undergoes while being heated.

Hardness
The resistance of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.

Acid resistance property

The degree of which a surface such as porcelain, enamel will resist attack by acid.

Workability
The ease with which a fresh concrete can be molded or deformed.
Weatherability

The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to sun,
wind, moisture and changes in temperature.

ductility
The property of a material described as capable of being stretched or deformed without fracturing.

malleability

The property of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc.
without fracturing.
Sound absorption

A property possessed by materials or objects of absorbing sound energy.

Abrasion resistance property

The property of a material that enables it to resist being worn away by friction when rubbed with
another object.
Hearthwood

The central core of the log which is composed of inactive cells.

slab

A kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the annual rings of the wood, running full length of the
log.
serviculture

The process of growing timber crops of the better and more valuable species through scientific
forestry.
Particle board

A non-veneered wood panel product made by bonding small wood particles under heat and pressure.
plywood

A wood panel product made by bonding veneers together under heat and pressure, usually at right
angles to each other.
lumber

The term applied to wood after is is sawed or sliced into boards, planks, slabs, etc. used for
commercial purposes.
Straight grained

A type of grain where the direction of the wood fibers are nearly parallel with the sides and edges of
the board.
wood

The tough, fibrous cellular substance that makes up most of the stem and branches of trees beneath
the bark.
endogenous

These are inside growing trees. These kind of trees are preferred for lumbering because of the center
core, which is soft and brittle in character.
hardwood

Classified as deciduous trees that have broad leaves which normally shed during the cold season.

checks
A defect in wood which is characterized by separation across annual growth rings.

twisting

A warp resulting from the turning of the edges of a wood piece.

decay

A wood defect which is caused by the attack of fungi and microorganisms.

Rough lumber

A term applied to undressed or unplaned lumber.

lumbering

The operation performed in preparing wood for commercial purposes.

fiberboard

A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.
waferboard

A non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin, wood-flakes bonded under heat and pressure
with a waterproof adhesive.
Parallel strand lumber

A structural lumber product made by bonding long, narrow wood strands together under heat and
pressure using a waterproof adhesive; used as beams and columns post and beam construction.
wane

A kind of wood defect which is caused by chipping and drying at the edge.
Plank

A wide piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2-5.

decking

A type of dimension lumber having a width of 4 and wider.

Dimension lumber

A classification of lumber and with thickness of 2-4 and a width of 2.

plank

A piece of lumber with thickness ranging from 2-5.

s2s
These are planed or dressed lumber with two sides smooth or planed.

exogenous
These are outward growing trees which are most preferred for lumbering.
Cast iron

A hard brittle non-malleable iron based alloy containing 2.0%-4.5% carbon and 0.5%-3% silicon, cast
in a sand mold and machined to make building products.
Medium steel

A carbon steel containing 0.25%-0.45% carbon.

Ferrous metals

A metal containing iron as a principal element.

zinc

A ductile, crystalline, bluish white metallic element, used for galvanizing iron and steel and in making
other alloys.
Stainless steel

An alloy containing a minimum of 12% chromium, sometimes with nickel, manganese, or molybdenum
as additional alloying element.
lead

A lustrous, low-melting, bluish white metallic element that is malleable and ductile at ordinary
temperatures and used in plating and in making alloys and soft solders.
Pig iron

Crude iron that is drawn from a blast furnace and cast into pigs in preparation for conversion into cast
iron, wrought iron or steel.
metals

Any class of elementary substances as gold, silver or copper, all of which are crystalline when solid
and many of which are characterized by opacity, ductility, conductivity and a unique luster when freshly
fractured._
Wrought iron

A tough malleable, relatively soft iron that is readily forged and welded, having a fibrous structure,
containing approximately 0.2% carbon and a small amount of uniformly distributed slag.
Carbon steel

Ordinary unalloyed steel in which the residual elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorous,
sulfur and silicon are controlled.
marble

A metamorphic rock of crystallized limestone, consisting mainly of calcite and dolomite, used
especially in architecture and sculpture.
granite

A very hard, coarse-grained igneous rock, composed mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica or other
colored minerals.
Metamorphic rock

A class of rock that has undergone change in structure, texture or composition due to natural
agencies, as heat and pressure.

oolite
A limestone composed of small, round, calcerous grains resembling fish roe. Also called egg stone.
limestone

A sedimentary rock formed chiefly by the accumulation of organic remains, as shells and corals, and
used as a building stone in the manufacture of lime.
slate

A dense, fine-grained, metamorphic rock formed by the compression of various sediments, as clay and
shale.
dolomite

A limestone rich in magnesium and carbonate.

quartzite

A compact, granular metamorphic rock consisting essentially of quartz, derived from sandstone.

soapstone

A massive, soft rock, containing a high proportion of talc, used as dimension stone for hearths,
tabletops and carved ornaments. Also called steatite.
Sedimentary rock

A class of rock formed by the deposition of sediment, as limestone, sandstone or shale.

gneiss
A banded or foliated metamorphic rock corresponding in composition to granite.
travertine

A variety of limestone deposited by spring waters, especially hot springs, sold as marble in the
building trade.
sandstone

A sedimentary rock consisting of sand, usually quartz, cemented together by various substances, as
silica, clay or calcium carbonate.

Building stone
Any stone suitable for use in building construction, as limestone, marble or granite.
Construction terms:

Larga masa - concrete slab

Tirante - bottom chord

Plantilya - pattern

De bandeha - panel door

Pierno pasante - machine bolt

Uno sinatra - alternate

Ladrillo - brick

Tabike - exterior siding

Done! :)
Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002
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Good luck!