DRUG

ORDER

PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION
OF DRUG

INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT OF
THE DRUG

DESIRED ACTION
ON THE CLIENT

Ceftriaxo
ne

Ceftriaxone inhibits the

synthesis in the bacterial
cell wall. Like other
cephalosporins of the

'third generation', it has

a very broad antibacterial (anti-microbial?)
spectrum and it is stable
against most lactamases. Ceftriaxone
is highly efficient against
streptococci,
Haemophilus influenzae,
neisseriae, penicillin
resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus,
multiresistant
enterobacters, as well as
other bacteria. Its effect
against Pseudonomas
aeruginosa is limited and
it is ineffective against
methicillin resistant
strains of Staphylococcus
aureus, Enterococcus
faecalis, Clostridium
difficile, and Bacteroides
fragilis.

Indications:
Perioperative
prophylaxis
Treatment of:
> Respiratory tract
infections
> Skin and skin
structure infections
> Bone and joint
infections
> Urinary tract and
gynecologic
infection
> Septicemia

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporins
Serious

hypersensitivity
to penicillins

CNS: seizures (high

doses).
Gastrointestinal:
pseudomembranou
s colitis, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
cramps, pseudo
lithiasis
Dermatologic:
rashes, urticaria.
Hematologic:
bleeding, blood
dyscrasias,
hemolytic anemia.
Local: pain at IM
site, phlebitisat IV
site.
Miscellaneous:
allergic reactions
including
anaphylaxis and
serum sickness,
superinfection.

For treating
patients
pneumonia
and
inflammation
of bronchioles
due to
asthma

NURSING RESPONSIBILITES AND CAUTIONS

Assess patient for infection (vital signs; appearance of wound, sputum, urine, and stool; WBC) at
beginning of and throughout therapy
Before initiating therapy, obtain a history to determine previous use of and reactions to penicillins or
cephalosporins. Persons with a negative history of penicillin sensitivity may still have an allergic
response
Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing).
Discontinue the drug and notify the physician or other health care professional immediately if these
symptoms occur. Keep epinephrine, an antihistamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in the event
of an anaphylactic reaction
May cause increased serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, LDH, BUN, and creatinine
May rarely cause leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia,
lymphocytosis, and thrombocytosis
Monitor injection site frequently for phlebitis (pain, redness, swelling). Change sites every 4872 hr to
prevent phlebitis
Inject deep into a well-developed muscle mass; massage well
Advise patient to report signs of superinfection (furry overgrowth on the tongue, vaginal itching or
discharge, loose or foul-smelling stools) and allergy
Instruct patient to notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop, especially if stool contains
blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient not to treat diarrhea without consulting health care professional.
Watch out for possible drug-drug interactions:

Probenecid decreases excretion and increases blood levels

If alcohol is ingested within 4872 hr of cefamandole, cefmetazole, or cefotetan, a disulfiram-like

reaction may occur

DRUG
ORDER

Cefamandole, cefmetazole, and cefotetan may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants and
increase the risk of bleeding with antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, NSAIDs, plicamycin, or
valproic acid.

PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION
OF DRUG

INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT OF
THE DRUG

DESIRED ACTION
ON THE CLIENT

Omeprazol
e 40mg/
tab, 1 tab
od po

Ther. Class: antiulcer

agents
Pharm. Class: proton
pump inhibitors
Binds to an enzyme on
gastric parietal cells in the
presence of acidic gastric
pH, preventing the final
transport of hydrogen ions
into the gastric lumen
Therapeutic Effects:
> Diminished
accumulation of acid in the
gastric lumen with
lessened gastroesophageal
reflux
> Healing of duodenal
ulcers

Indications:

Management
of GERD

Management
of duodenal
ulcers (with
or without
antiinfectives for
H. pylori)

Treatment of
pathologic
hypersecreto
ry
conditions,
including
ZollingerEllison
syndrome

CNS: dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue,
headache,
weakness.
CV: chest pain.
GI: abdominal pain,
acid regurgitation,
constipation,
diarrhea, flatulence,
nausea, vomiting.
Derm: itching, rash.
Misc: allergic
reactions.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity

NURSING RESPONSIBILITES AND CAUTIONS

Prevent stomach
ulcers

Watch out for the following drug-drug interactions

Omperazole is metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system and may compete with other agents
metabolized by this system
Decreases metabolism and may increase effects of diazepam, flurazepam, triazolam, cyclosporine,
disulfiram, phenytoin, and warfarin
May interfere with absorption of drugs requiring acidic gastric pH, including esters of ampicillin, iron
salts, digoxin, cyanocobalamine, and ketoconazole
Has been used safely with antacids
Assess patient routinely for epigastric or abdominal pain and frank or occult blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate.
Administer doses before meals, preferably in the morning. Capsules should be swallowed whole; do not crush,
open, or chew.
May be administered concurrently with antacids.
Instruct patient to take medication as directed for the full course of therapy, even if feeling better. If a dose is
missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered but not if almost time for next dose. Do not double doses.
May cause occasional drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring
alertness until response to medication is known.
Advise patient to avoid alcohol, products containing aspirin or NSAIDs, and foods that may cause an increase in GI
irritation.
Advise patient to report onset of black, tarry stools; diarrhea; abdominal pain; or persistent headache to health care
professional promptly

DRUG
ORDER

PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION
OF DRUG

INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT OF
THE DRUG

DESIRED ACTION
ON THE CLIENT

Ipratropiu
m+
salbutamo
l

The ipratropium ingredient

is an anticholinergic drug
which relaxes smooth
muscle in the lung.

Indications:
Bronchodilator
for
maintenance therapy
of bronchospasm.

Pharmacol
ogic class:
Anticholin
ergic

The salbutamol ingredient

is a beta-2 agonist which
stimulates beta-2 sites in
the lungs to relax the
bronchi.

Contraindications:
Contraindicated
with
hypersensitivity
to
atropine
or
its
derivatives.

CNS: dizziness, blurred

vision
GI: nausea, dry mouth
Respi: dyspnea,
bronchospasms,
horseness
CV: palpitations, chest
pain

TE: Relieves
bronchospasms.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITES AND CAUTIONS

To relieve
bronchospasms
and open
airways.

Monitor the patients vital signs, noting hypotension and an irregular or abnormal pulse.
Maintain a quiet, comfortable environment to minimize anxiety and perhaps decrease palpitations.
Teach the patient pursed-lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and chest splinting.

DRUG
ORDER

PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION
OF DRUG

INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT OF
THE DRUG

DESIRED ACTION
ON THE CLIENT

Aspirin

Decreases platelet
aggregation. Exhibits
antipyretic, antiinflammatory and
analgesic effects. The
antipyretic effect is due to
an action on the
hypothalamus, resulting in
heat loss by vasodilation of
peripheral blood vessels.
Anti-inflammatory effects
are mediated by a
decrease in prostaglandin
synthesis. It also

Indications:

For pain on
integumentary
structures,
myalgia,
neuralgia,
headache,
dysmenorrhea,
gout.

Arthritis, SLE,
acute rheumatic
fever
Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity
to salicylates,
severe anemia,
history of blood
coagulation
defects, vitamin K
deficiency, 1 week
before and after
surgery,
pregnancy in the
last trimester

GI: dyspepsia,
heartburn, anorexia,
nausea, epigastric
discomfort,
potentiation of peptic
ulcer
Allergic:
Bronchospasm,
asthma-like symptoms,
anaphylaxis, skin
rashes, urticaria
Hematologic:
prolongation of
bleeding time,
thrombocytopenia,
leucopenia,
Other: Thirst, fever,
dimness of vision

NURSING RESPONSIBILITES AND CAUTIONS

Prevent blood
coagulation due
to hypertension
(narrow blood
vessels may
cause blood to
aggregate)

Assess for pain: type, location and pattern

Note for asthma
Monitor renal, LFTs and CBC
Determine history of peptic ulcers or bleeding tendencies.

Precautions:

Do not use in children with chicken pox or flu symptoms

Lactation

Mild diabetes, erosive gastritis, bleeding tendencies, liver or kidney disease.