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The Report of the World Panel on Financing Infrastructure noted that annual
required investments in urban wastewater treatment are likely to grow much
faster than any other sector. Private sector participation for financing water
infrastructure is limited because of inadequate guarantees to ensure return
on capital investment. International agencies' investment should be available
to facilitate water sector projects managed by private operators for improved
access to water. There are many approaches for ensuring effective outcome
and delivery mechanism; such as Result-based approach, evidence based
approach, OBA approach etc. For adequate guarantees of return of
investment as well as effectiveness on poverty reduction, the international
agencies have to have lesson learnt from successful history of
implementation approaches from past programs.
Historical data show that sanitation and drinking-water enjoyed more than
8% of total ODA in 1997. At that time, other social infrastructure sectors,
such as health, education, population and reproductive health, received lower
proportions of aid compared with sanitation and drinking-water. A total of
US$ 158 billion in development aid commitments was reported for 2008.
Commitments to water and sanitation comprised US$ 7.4 billion or 5% of all
reported development aid. During the 11 years since 1997, however, the
proportion of development aid allocated to sanitation and drinking-water fell
from 8% to 5%, while development aid allocated to health increased from
7% to 11.5% and that for education remained steady at around 7%.
different layer and processes as shown in Fig.1. Mainly there are three tiers,
national government, sub-national government and local community.
Targeted layer is the local community for result outcome towards increased
access to safe, affordable and economic water. Between national government
and sub-national government (local government) formulation and
transformation processes are placed which includes IGFT, policy of
decentralization and institutional reform. Support or investment (preferably
soft loan or grant) on these layers or processes should not be evaluated with
final outcome of contribution in poverty reduction directly.
Transformation
Delivery
Transparent Delivery