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and treatment
allocation by distributing things in way that all the plots
or animals have
an equal chance of receiving it
Control: part of the experiment that does not receive any treatment,
should be standard
so that variations between treatments can be compared
Replication: process attempts to overcome problems associated
statistic, most
commonly of the mean.
Explain normal distribution
When numbers of measurements are taken ad graphed and such a
graph takes the form of a bell- shaped graph, this is known as normal
distribution. This curve is symmetric and asymptotic to the horizontal axis.
The values of the mean, mode and median coincide and under the curve is
defined as unity, that is, equal to 1.
Requirements for a graph
Correct scale
Line graph=continuous
the mean. The standard deviation (s) is defined as the square root of the
variance. The variance can also be calculated as:
( x )2
n
n1
( )
x 2
s 2=
obliged to look after the animal, consequences for serious neglect include
jail and fines.
RSPCA have offices that investigate instances of neglect in animals
socialise with other birds, protection from predators (sufficient shelter for
layers), birds are given bedding so they can scratch around and peck
Safe handling: be careful of where to step
activity or enterprise on the farm. It includes only variable costs and not
fixed or overhead costs. The gross margin is prepared by deducting all
variable costs from gross income obtained from a particular farm enterprise
or activity.
Gross margin= Total income - Variable costs
(find out about variable costs and try understand concept)
Mortality rate
of what's left is better percentage. Normally for sheep and cattle is 50%
loss. Chicken is approximately 60%.
FCR(Feed conversion ratio)- ability of an animals to convert food
into live weight. Poultry are much more efficient converters than ruminant
animals such as cattle.
Identify technologies used on the farm
Electronic scale
UNIT 2 OVERVIEW
1 Describe agriculture as a system appropriate models showing:
Processes (doing words e.g. pruning)
Outputs (oranges)
return e.g. pasture and cattle: Pasture gives food to cattle, cattle gives
defoliation to pasture or trampling
If asked about subsystem, dont write plant: write like sheep or cattle (not
The main farming zones in Australia are the temperate region, subtropical
region, tropical region, and the arid and semi-arid region. NSW exhibits
temperate, arid and subtropical zones.
Farming
Zone
Rainfall
Main
enterprise
Temperate 300-700
(western
mm, any
slopes and month
plains of
NSW)
wet/dry
east
High
temperature
s and
evaporation
rates in
summer
Red earths
and grey and
brown soils.
Low in organic
matter
Wool,
prime
lambs,
beef, dairy,
cereal
crops,
fruits,
vegetables
Subtropica
l (narrow
strip of
northern
NSW)
humid
south zone
9002000mm
and occurs
throughout
the year
Warm to hot
summers
and mild
winters. Max
temp. rarely
exceeds 30
degrees.
Frosts can
occur
Alluvial soils,
light
sandstone or
shale and
volcanic
loams
Beef, dairy,
pigs,
sugarcane,
soybeans,
maize,
horticultur
al crops,
bananas,
watermelo
ns
Tropical
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Arid and
semi-arid
south
zone,
semi-arid
meaning
<500 mm
Low and
unreliable.
264 mm 204mm.
More in
winter than
summer
Intense heat
during the
day and
intense cold
at night. 40
degrees in
summer to
Infertile.
Siliceous
sands to hard
setting clays.
Soils in both
areas are
deficient in
Sheep and
cattle
20 in winter.
nitrogen,
phosphorous
and trace
elements.
Animals use more energy walking up the steep hill thus affecting the meat
Soil texture (large rocks makes difficult to plough, harvesting machine may
get damaged)
Sandy loam may be a problem as too dry, ideal conditions for farmer
invading roots
Benefit each other (nitrogen cycle in legumes)
suicide
Government initiatives to assist farmers during cough time (droughtfree)
Erosion
e.g. China
1 Outline some impacts of Agriculture on their local community
Benefits and stimulates local economy (sponsoring local clubs)
Unit 2 Overview
1.
Outline the enterprise on the school farm, include the
product produced and how do we market it
Angus Cattle Stud (Cattle)
1.
Sell young bulls (negotiation)
2.
Direct sale or paddock sale
3.
Sell steers(castrated male young cattle), castrated for better meat
quality and less hormones (c/kg)
4.
Sell cull cows
5.
Usually used for grinding meat (Hamburger mince)
Prime Lambs
6.
Prime lambs 40kg (young, tender meat)
7.
Cull ewes and ram (no money so turned into dog food l m a o)
Poultry
8.
Broilers(meat birds) sold as frozen chicken in school canteen ($/kg)
9.
Layers (egg) sold as dozen egg for a carton in school canteen
($/carton)
10.
Apiary (beehive) sold as honey ($/jar)
Orchard
11.
Fresh peaches sold in boxes in school canteen ($/box) or as
jam($/jar) sorbet ($/cone)
Vegetables
12.
Fresh oranges sold in quadrangle ($/bag)
Hydroponics
13.
Lettuce and buk-choy ($/plant)
1.
Outline the constituents a of soil
Soil is a balanced system resulting from decomposed rock and the
Mineral
organic
liquid
air
40%
5%
25%
30%
production.
Soil texture refers to the size of soil particles in soil, and allows
Texture triangle
Define soil structure and describe management practices that affect soil
structure.
Soil Structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles in soil, The
basic unit of soil structure is termed as a soil ped. The % of sand, silt, clay
in soil as determined by particle size
Observe and record a School Soil Profile+ 8) measure and describe the
features of a soil
JRAHS soil profile (3/2016)
Profile location: Behind the silver perch shed (near netball courts)
Topography: Undulated
Erosion: N/A
ressrictions such as white oil on hys poor (profile is like sponge cake layers)
Climate: Find mean annual rainfall, min/max temperature,
evaporation
Soil Type/Soil Texture: Cumberland clay loam
Drawing: Later
Horizon A
Depth: 30cm
Colour: Brown
Structure: Good
Roots: Present
Horizon B
Depth: 30-100
Texture: Clay
Structure: Poor
evaporation
Growing season: Months that have consecutive, effective rainfall
Brassicas
of the plant, plants nipped off (dwarf beans) and yank seedlings
out of ground. Since plant can't grow yield would be affected.
Discuss factors (at least 2) a farmer considers when making
More flexibility
Choice between town water and
rain water
Maintain the system
expertise
Do I have right material to do it?
and habit
Disposal income of consumers at any particular time
The market price offered for the product will affect the amount
Outline
Using less chemicals
Advantages
Reduce costs for farmer because consuming less chemicals
Saving in a time
Disadvantages
Product may be compromised by being burdened with pests and
diseases
Evaluation
No, for example drenching sheep in chemicals though it may take less time and
cost less as well as benefitting the environment, if they get intestine worms it
would be worse off so chemical use should remain the same rather than be
reduced.
Reduced stocking rate
Outline
Have less stock on farm e.g. sheep
Advantages
May break disease cycles e.g. worms
Disadvantages
Reducing productivity so reduce profitability
Evaluation
Yes, if there is a serious outbreak reducing stock would be necessary unless the
farmer wishes for every sheep to be infected. It's all about the balance between
knowing when it's appropriate to reduce stocking rate and how many to reduce.
30.