Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Sanjay.S.J#1
Sunil Kumar.B.V*2
Bhaskar Kulkarni*3
Dr.V.B.Math*4
Assistant Professor ,
P.G Student,
P.G. Student, P.G. Student
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mechanical Engineering Dept
Mechanical Engineering Dept,
Basaveshwar Engineering College,
Basaveshwar Engineering College, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Basaveshwar Engineering College
Bagalkot, India.
Bagalkot, India.
Bagalkot, India.
Bagalkot, India
ABSTRACT
Flanges are basically used to connect the pipe joints and
they are widely used in chemical, power plants, petro
chemical industries. Flanges are classified according to
class of working range and flanges are designed according
to ASME standards. In these industries, fluid is pressurized
due to this the pipe joints are affected internally as well as
externally. We are concentrating on these critical areas by
adopting a composite flange. Since composite materials are
most promising now days so, use of composite flanges can
make difference to the existing components. In the present
paper metallic flange for radial stress(x-direction) and axial
stresses (y-direction) for preload condition and compared
with a carbon epoxy composite flange. Analytical solutions
are obtained using laminate theory. The analytical results
are validated with finite element solution using different
fiber orientation. The stress obtained for different
orientations are compared with each other and they are
compared with analytical results. From results it can be
said that [0/45] and [0/60] orientation will give better
results as the analytical and finite element results are very
near. Finally it is said that metallic flanges can be replaced
by composite flanges in some industrial applications as the
radial and axial stress developed is less when compared to
metallic flanges.
1. INTRODUCTION
Flange is a component used to connect tubular members in
piping systems, a flange is a disc, collar or ring that attaches
to pipe with the purpose of providing increased support for
strength, blocking off a pipeline or implementing the
attachment of more items. These flanges are widely used in
chemical industries, hydraulic systems etc. Pipe flanges are
usually welded or screwed to the pipe end and are connected
with bolts. Flanges are affected by the varying forces,
pressure, temperature and an environmental effect because
of which leakages occurs in the connection. So sealing of a
connection must analyzed. [1].
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
Page 124
= 133.6 mm
= 19 mm
= 16
= 25mm
Com
pone
nt
Flang
e
Bolt
Young
s
Modul
us(E)
Mpa
173058
Mpa
168922
Mpa
Poisson
s Ratio
Allowable
Stress (Mpa)
0.3
248.2 Mpa
0.3
723.9 Mpa
Material
ASTM
A105
ASTM
SA193
B7
ELEMENT
= 15.32 Mpa
= ASTM A105
= ASTM SA193 B7
= 406.4 mm
= 558.8 mm
= 514.36 mm
= 44.4 mm
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
Page 125
AND
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
The effect of preload on flange in radial direction (Xdirection) and axial direction (Y-direction) are shown in the
below figures.
The radial stress(X-direction) and axial stresses (Ydirection) are
The Radial stress (X-direction): X =3983 Mpa
The Axial Stress (Y-direction): Y =11080 Mpa
Page 126
6
6
11
A = 1.6 x10
8.07 x10
2.7 x10
5
8.07 x10 11 8.07 x10 11
5.5 x10
12
4
5.3 x10 4
4.6 x10
3.6 x10
12
4
4
3.6 x10
Q bar = 4.6 x10
5.3 x10
4
3.6 x10 12 3.6 x10 12
2.1 x10
4.
ANALYTICAL
CALCULATIONS
COMPOSITE FLANGE
FOR
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
11
5
1 .2 x 1 0 6
6 .7 x 1 0
2 .7 x 1 0
11
6
6
2 .7 x 1 0
A = 1 .6 x 1 0
2 .7 x 1 0
5
2 .7 x 1 0 1 1 2 .7 x 1 0 1 1
2 .0 2 x 1 0
4
4
7 .1 x 1 0
2 .8 x 1 0
0
4
4
7 .1 x 1 0
0
Q b a r = 2 .8 x 1 0
0
0
3 .1 9 x 1 0
Page 127
x = 2648M pa
y = 7648M pa
The above values shows the values of radial stress (x) and
axial stress (y) of carbon epoxy composite flange of [0/45]
orientation
To calculate strains
x0
Nx
0
1
1
y = [ A ]44 + [ A ]19 N y
0
Ns
s
To calculate Nx and Ny
Nx = 15.32 x 2 x 203.2
Nx = 19559.70 N/mm
Ny = 723.9 x 2 x 12.5
Ny = 56854.9 N/mm
x0 1.7x106
0
6
y = 1.01x10
32
0
s 3.8x10
x0 x
0
y = y =
0 s
s
6
32
1.01x10
3.8x10 19559.70
6
22
1.7x10
3.8x10
56855
22
6 0
3.8x10
6.7x10
The effect of preload on flange in radial direction (Xdirection) and axial direction (Y-direction) for various fiber
orientations are shown in the below figures.
0.024
0.076
1.41 x10 17
x
x
y = [Qbar ]44 + [Qbar ]19 y
s
s
3
3
12
74x10
3.6x10
0.024
x 124x10
3
3
12
124x10
3.6x10 0.076
y = 74x10
3.6x1012 3.6x1012 3.19x103 1.41x1012
s
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
Page 128
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
Page 129
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
S
l
N
o
Fiber
Orient
ation
[0/0]
Radial
Stress
(Mpa)
Analyti
cal
2880
Radial
Stress
(Mpa)
FEA
2535
Axial
Stress
(Mpa)
Analyti
cal
8428
Axial
Stress
(Mpa)
FEA
7184
Page 130
2
3
4
5
6
[0/45]
[0/60]
[0/90]
[45/-45]
[60/-60]
2648
2761
3023
2296
2400
2728
2769
2862
2512
2366
7648
7930
6948
8792
7500
7393
8775
7657
7454
8391
3
4
5
6
Composit
[0/60]
Composit
[0/90]
Composit
[45/-45]
Composit
[60/-60]
Metallic
2769
8775
2862
7657
2512
7454
2366
8391
3983
11080
7. CONCLUSIONS
6.2 COMPARISON OF [0/0], [0/45], [0/60], [0/90], [45/45], [60/60] ORIENTATION COMPOSITE
FLANGES AND METALLIC FLANGE
Sl.No
1
2
Flange
Material
Composit
[0/0]
Composit
[0/45]
Radial Stress
(Mpa)
2535
Axial Stress
(Mpa)
7184
2728
7393
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
8. REFERENCES
1) T. Sawa, Higurashi N and Akagawa H, A stress
analysis of pipe flange connections, Journal of
pressure vessel technology, vol.113, pp. 497-503,
(1991).
2) E. Marston, F. Zezula, Pipe joint handbook,
Reference
RP2066,
Document
No:
XEG/G/94/0074, (2000).
3) Composite materials [Web-based Course]
Page 131
Sanjay,Sunil,Bhaskar,Math
Page 132