The Zoological

Collections
of the Oxford
U niversitv
Museum
A

Hiitorical Review and

General Accozmt, with
Comprehensive Donor Index
to the year 197)

J ,

Compiled by

K. C. DAVIES and J. HULL

THE ZOOLOGICAL
COLLECTIONS OF THE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
MUSEUM
A Historical Review and
General h u n t , with
Comprehensive Donor Index
to the year I975
C O M P I L E D BY

K. C. DAVIES AND J. H U L L

O X F O R D UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

'976

0 Oxford University Mureurn, 1976

pt
,

Printed in Great Brittun

the Univerfity Prerr, Oxford
by Vivian Ridler
Printer to the University

FOREWORD
THEreview which follows is intended to fulfil a fundamental need
for a concise account of the Zoological Collections of the Oxford
University Museum. T h e work was initiated by the Assistant
Curator, K. C. Davies, and the Head Technician, J. Hull, and has
been undertaken and compiled by them with the approval and support
of the Curator of the Zoological Collections, Dr. T. S. Kemp. T h e
review constitutes a collation of data from many widely dispersed
sources relating to the history, nature, and significance of these
Collections.
An original comprehensive Donor Index and other appendices
have been added which it is anticipated will prove to be of interest
and value in themselves. Used by research workers in the Museum
in conjunction with the preceding account and the existing Museum
records the Index will provide an essential source of information relating to the collections of zoological material in the keeping of the
University of Oxford.
In the first part of the text, which deals with the history of the
original Collections, information has been drawn freely from various
published works and accounts which are listed in the reference and
bibliographical sections at the end of this review.
T h e authors acknowledge with gratitude the assistance rendered
by members of the library staffs of the Ashmolean Museum, Bodleian, and Radcliffe Science Libraries.

CONTENTS
Page

Tables of
Keepers of the Ashmolean Museum
Dr. Lee's Readers in Anatomy, Christ Church
Linacre Professors
Curators of the Zoological Collections

vii

Synopsis
T h e History of the Zoological Collections
T h e Future of the Zoological Collections
Summary

33
T h e Museum court, and problems associated with display
39
T h e Accommodation and Curation of the Zoological Collections 46
T h e Records and other documents relating to the Zoological
Collections
Guide to some of the Named Collections of zoological
material
Biographical notes on Collectors

64

70

Zoological material of special significance

Text References
Bibliography
Appendix I. List of the Principal Benefactors to the Tradescant
Collection

92

95

Appendix 11. List of Benefactors to the Ashmolean Museum

of zoological material, I 683-1766

97

Appendix 111. Combined Index of Donors of zoological

material now constituting the Zoological Collections,
compiled to 1975

98

Appendix IV. Notes on the disposal of the books and manuscripts of the old Ashmolean Museum Library

I34

KEEPERS OF T H E
ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM

1683 Robert Plot

1690 Edward Lhwyd
1709 David Parry
1714 John Whiteside
1729 George Shepheard
I 730 George Huddesford
I 7 55 William Huddesford
I 772 William Sheffield
I 796 William Lloyd
I 8 I 5 Thomas Dun bar
I 8 2 2 William T. Phillips
1823 John Shute Duncan
I 826 Philip Bury Duncan
I 854 John Phillips

DR. LEE'S
READERS IN ANATOMY
(CHRIST CHURCH)

1767-1785
I 78 5-1 790
I 790-1 816
I 8 I 6-1 844
I 845-1857
I 857-1 860

John Parsons
William Thomson
Christopher Pegge
John Kidd
Henry W. Acland
George Rolleston

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF LINACRE PROFESSORS

AND CURATORS
HAVING RESPONSIBILITY FOR

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF T H E
UNIVERSITY MUSEUM
LINACRE PROFESSORS
I 860-1

881
1881-1891
I 891-1 898
I 899-1906
I 906-1 921
1921-1946
I 946-1 961
1961-

George Rolleston
H. N. Moseley
E. Ray Lankester
W. F. R. Weldon
Gilbert Bourne
E. S. Goodrich
Alister C. Hardy
J. W. S. Pringle

CURATORS OF
T H E ZOOLOGICAL
COLLECTIONS

1955-1965
I 965-1 g68
1968-197 I
1971-1972
1972vii

A. J. Cain
D. Nichols
N. Tebble
K. C. Davies
(Acting Curator)
T. S. Kemp

SYNOPSIS
1

THE
Zoological Collections form a part of the Scientific Collections

of the University of Oxford, which also include aggregations of

specimens and material of an entomological, geological and mineralogical nature. These Scientific Collections have been gathered
together in the University Museum during the course of the past
one hundred and fifteen years, though some of the natural history
material in the Museum is of much earlier origin. This accumulated
wealth of specimens and material represents the spoils of University
expeditions to different parts of the world, the collections of travellers
to foreign lands, the donations of scientists and naturalists, presentations from scientific bodies and institutions, gifts from the general
public, purchases and material obtained in exchange with other
institutions. Some of the natural history specimens are part of the
oldest public collection ever formed in the British Isles. Many of
the donors and benefactors were famous people who possessed direct
or strong associations with Oxford, as for example the great polymath
Elias Ashmole, Dr. Frank Buckland the geologist, and William Burchell, one of the earliest travellers and explorers of the African and
South American continents.
All of these Collections are used for teaching and research purposes by their respective departments: they are in effect separate
entities, but in many cases their past history has been closely intertwined and they cannot in practice be sharply demarcated one from
another in terms of the disciplines they embrace, their history or even
their material content. However, this review is intended to deal
specifically with the Zoological Collections and, though often describing common ground, seeks to avoid impinging on the provinces
of the other Collections.
T h e Zoological Collections in the charge of the Linacre Professor
are placed in the keeping of the Curator whose staff at present comprises an Assistant Curator, Head technician and two additional
technicians. T h e Curator, who is also by Statute a University Lecturer in the Department of Zoology, and the Linacre Professor are
both members of the Committee for the Scientific Collections which
currently is chaired by the Warden of New College, Sir William

SYNOPSIS

Hayter. T h e prime responsibility of this Committee is to exercise a

general oversight over all the Collections in the University Museum.
Systematic and tutorial exhibits on zoological topics are displayed
in and around allotted areas of the Museum court and in sections of the
upper arcade. These are prepared with the co-operation and assistance
of the teaching staff of the Department of Zoology in consultation with
the curatorial staff, and although they are designed primarily for the
undergraduate student with the intention of supplementing formal
instruction, an attempt has also been made to stimulate a wider field of
interest in certain zoological topics. Some thought and effort has been
taken in their production to encourage and cater for the interest of the
general public who now visit the Museum in steadily increasing
numbers, as testified by the number of recorded visitors which has
risen from 8,344 in 1963 to 40,686 during 1975. A large proportion
of this increase has been due to the progressive upsurge in the number
of organized school-parties visiting the Museum on a regular basis.
T h e numbers of student members of Oxford University visiting the
Museum are not recorded.
T h e Zoological Collections supply material and specimens for
departmental teaching, various practical demonstrations, displays and
exhibits. They also afford specimens for individual research projects,
and material is loaned to other institutions for approved scientific
purposes. T h e presence within the Collections of type and irreplaceable
historic material is of particular significance in relation to taxonomic
research and studies in the history of science. T h e Collections have
considerable importance in their capacity as reference material for the
determination of specimens of doubtful affinity and as an aid in
responding to numerous and varied international scientific inquiries.
.
I n 1891 the Linacre Professor of Comparative A n a t o m ~ E Ray
Lankester, in his Annual Report remarked 'The task of doing
justice to the valuable Collections belonging to the University, by
adequately exposing, labelling, and arranging some in exhibition cases,
and by carefully recording and storing others where they shall be
readily accessible for the purposes of the student, is no light one.'
After the passage of over eighty years, L a n g t S observations remain
as pertinent today as jn his time in so far as t accumulation of specimens from all over the world has inevitably outpaced the curatorial
work necessarily involved in dealing with them, and consequently an
extensive programme still needs to be undertaken for the curation of

&

SYNOPSIS

the large quantities of hitherto unaccessed, uncatalogued and otherwise unclassified material now present in the Collections.
Serious criticisms of the progress achieved in the eight decades
following Lankester's ambitious plans for the Collections were
strongly expressed by the seventh Linacre Professor, Sir Alister
Hardy, in 1956 when, as chairman of the Scientific Collections
Committee, forwarding the Quinquennial Estimates h e reported the
following:
In their present state, the University Museum Collections are unworthy
of the University. The Museum contains (i) collections of historic material
which should be protected, (ii) collections essential for the teaching of Entomology, Zoology, Geology and Mineralogy which should be classified, supplemented and properly exhibited, and (iii) large numbers of 'type specimens'
which are of unique importance since the international system of biological
nomenclature depends upon such material. A small part only of these collections is properly housed, catalogued or readily available for teaching and
research, yet together they form a body of reference material comparable in
importancewith the manuscripts and rare books in the Bodleian Library or the
treasures of the Ashmolean Museum. There are very serious arrears of sorting,
arranpement, documentation and display to be overcome because ofthe neglect
of e last fifty to eighty years, and replacement in proper containers is essential
-for much of the material in order to prevent or arrest further deterioration.

T h i s statement arose mainly as a result of the Committee's concern

for the grave danger t o the Collections through inadequate financial
provision. Some improvement in the situation occurred from that
time onward, most notably in 1960when additional funds were made
available by the General Board enabling new staff appointments to be
made and commencement of the reorganization of the Collections
and the planning of extensive improvements to the displays, a task
which continues t o the present day.
Considerable impetus was lent t o the task of modernizing the
display area following the appointment to the Curatorship in 1968of
Dr. N.Tebble. During his tenure of office until 1971 major modifications t o the exhibition cases were undertaken including the
introduction of artificial lighting. I n M a y 1969 a circular was
addressed to all members of the teaching staff of the Department of
Zoology concerning future policies for displays in the Museum court
and related matters: T h e Linacre Professor of Zoology, J. W. S.
Pringle, had asked one of his staff to gather together a group of former
and present teaching staff, with others, to form a committee whose

SYNOPSIS

purpose would be to discuss the general principles and future policies

which should govern any reorganization of the zoological displays. T h e
chief aim in calling together a wide-based discussion group was to
attempt to regenerate a new corporate enthusiasm and sense of responsibility for the court exhibits and the valuable teaching collections.
T h e Chairman of this Committee, H. K. Pusey, considered that up
to October 1969 the control and organization of the teaching collections had always been in the hands of 'amateurs' whose main commitment was to lecturing and teaching rather than curation and display.
I t may be of interest here to note that Dr. N. Tebble (formerly of the
British Museum, Natural History) was the first appointee as Curator
of the Zoological Collections who had not previously been a member
of the staff of the Department of Zoology, and that he subsequently
became the first appointed to the position of overall Curator of the
University Museum.
As indicated previously, the steady amassing of the Zoological Collections for over a century has led to problems associated with storage
arrangements and accessibility of specimens. Dr. A. J. Cain, then
Curator of the Zoological Collections, in his annual report for 1956
considered that 'Since so much of the collections are virtually inaccessible for lack of space, and so remain effectively unknown, the paucity
of visiting specialists is not surprising.' In 1962an exploratory shaft
was sunk beneath the floor of the Museum court todeepnine the feasibility of providing additional cellar space; this proved ieracticable and
the matter was not further pursued. T o a certain extent some immediate storage difficulties were alleviated after the summer of I970
when the Department of Zoology and Experimental Psychology
moved into the new building in South Parks Road: the space thus
vacated in the old premises to the north of the Museum
Atshared between the Clarendon Laboratory, the Departmen ofthen
mospheric Physics, Chemical Crystallography, Inorganic Chemistry,
Entomology, and the Zoological Collections.
T h e space thus allocated to the Zoological Collections helped to
relieve some of the congestion with relation to the temporary placement of specimens, casts, etc.:
tained has subsequently
been converted and utilized forthea area
numb c#$mrposes including a
Birds' Eggs Collectiqns store, Mollusc Shell store, Museum workshop, a Mammal Skim store, Preparation Room, Printing and Drawing Room, and a vertebrate palaeontological laboratory, research
rooms, and fossil store.

soRp

SYNOPSIS

In 1976 additional space was obtained within the Hope Department of Entomology for housing dry collections of crustacea now
transferred to the care of the Zoological Collections, and as curatorial
work proceeds with these, and other, collections it is anticipated that
increasing use will be made of them for teaching, scientific investigation and research.
T h e future development and use of the Zoological Collections is
discussed elsewhere in this review, but it is presumed that, although
it is now removed from the environs of the Museum, the Department
of Zoology will continue to value and maintain those links with the
Zoological Collections which have been established through long
historical association and shared interests.

T H E HISTORY O F T H E ZOOLOGICAL
COLLECTIONS
T H Eearliest record of an accumulation of zoological material in
Oxford is probably that of two visitors to the 'University Schools',
Jean Fontaine and Louis Schsnbub,' who in 1630 or 1631 visited the
old 'Anatomy School' which occupied a first-floor room on the south
side of the Bodleian Quadrangle, a room which was part of the
Schools built in I 613 on the east side of the Bodleian Library. Amongst
the objects observed by Fontaine and Schanbub were an Indian serpent
ten feet long and a specimen of white coral from the Red Sea. A
cabinet of natural curiosities had been assembled there sometime
during the early part of the seventeenth century, and there was also
in the Library a Gallery provided for objects of antiquity. Charles I1
viewed the contents of the old Anatomy School in 1681 and must
have seen numbers of the 300 or so items subsequently to be listed by
an employee of the Bodleian, Thomas Hearne (1678-1735)) who
also produced a List of Benefactors2 Many of the specimens originally
housed in the Anatomy School were probably passed on to it from the
Library where they would have been accepted with gifts of books
from various donors, though some were retained in the Library,
as recorded in the Registrum Benefactorum.3
Of a number of manuscript inventories made of the contents of
the old Anatomy School, Hearne's,4compiled between I 705 and I 709,
and a copy of it made by Dr. Richard Rawlinson,5 lists some 386
specimens and was the most comprehensive, but further accessions
were added until I 7 I 2 or I 7 I 3 when over 400 specimens &re listed.
John Pointer of Merton College prepared a printed catalogue of the
collections which appeared in his Oxoniensis Academia in 17496 but
it appears that this inventory confuses some of the Anatomy School
collections with those of the Ashmolean Museum in Broad Street,
built in 1683. I t seems likely that at some tage the natural and artiand coexisted in a
ficial curiosities in the Bodleian were amd&pted
state of something approaching rivalry with those of the Ashmolean
collections until 1789-1805 when the Anatomy School was transferred to the Bodleian for library purposes and later named T h e Auctarium. Gunther considered this move a 'loss to the history of Medical

T H E H I S T O R Y O F T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

Science in Oxford'. By this time the curiosities had been dispersed,

though it seems probable that at least some of this material may have
been transferred to the old Ashmolean Museum.
T h e fate of many later natural history collections in Oxford was
foreshadowed when in August I 7 I o Uffenbach, the German traveller
and diarist, visited the Schola Anatomica whilst Thomas Hearne
(Junior Librarian) was the custodian. Uffenbach described the specimens as being in great confusion and full of dust and soot,7 and in I 7 15
Hearne noted in his Diary his great concern for the Anatomy School
specimens, and described a similar state of neglect.8
I n 1677 the famous antiquary, polymath, and connoisseur Elias
Ashmole (1617-9z), a former member of Brasenose College, presented his collection of curiosities to the University on condition that
the University would provide a suitable building in which to house
them. As a result of this condition the Ashmolean Museum, the design
of which has been attributed to Sir Christopher Wren, was erected
in Broad Street between 1679 and 1683, probably built by master
mason Thomas Wood, T h e building was opened in May 1683 by
the q u k e (later King James 11) and Duchess of York and the
LadylAnne to become the earliest public museum in Britain and one
o f j e earliest in Europe..
Ashmole's collection comprised a large and diverse assortment
of natural history material together with a variety of items and objects
of ethnographical and antiquarian interest. T h e zoological specimens
consisted principally of the skins and bones of vertebrates, the bulk of
which had earlier, in 1659, been bequeathed by Deed of Gift to
Ashmole by a friend, John Tradescant.
Tradescant, who died in 1662, had been a gardener in the service
of Royalty and the nobility. Like his father, he had combined his
horticultural talent with an insatiable acquisitiveness for what in the
seventeenth century must have been considered bizarre works of
nature from both the plant and animal kingdoms. His house at South
Lambeth, London, acted as a repository for these natural curiosities
which were in many cases collected either by his father or himself
from foreign lands, or were obtained as gifts from travellers returned
from abroad. This 'Closet of Rarities' contained such items as the
head of a tiger, a flying squirrel, a sun-fish, a king-crab, and other
assorted specimens which, together with the house in which they
reposed, had become celebrated as 'Tradescant's Ark'.
Tradescant, in his Deed of Gift to Ashmole, had made the

T H E H I S T O R Y O F T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

provision that the donor and his wife should keep the collection in
trust for Ashmole whilst they lived, but in his Will dated April
1661 Tradescant had complicated the legal position by making his
wife sole executrix with the option, at her decease, of making a gift of
the collection to Oxford or Cambridge University. T w o yearsafter the
death of Tradescant, Ashmole took Mrs. Tradescant to court in order
to obtain possession of the collection by process of law, and in May
1664 the court found in favour of Ashmole, awarding him the
collections to be held in trust by Mrs. Tradescant until her decease.
After the court's award the widow exceeded her trust in the collection by selling some of the 'rarities' to other collectors. Ashmole,
in order to safeguard his legacy, built a house next door to the 'Ark'
and became involved with the widow in a series of bitter domestic
quarrels and other disputations relating to the collection, finally
obtaining her permission to remove the majority of the rarities to his
own house in 1674. This sad episode ended when on 4 April 1678
Mrs. Tradescant was found drowned in her garden pond, and shortly
afterwards Ashmole removed the remainder of the collection from
her house.
I n 1683 twelve cartloads of rarities arrived at the newly erected
museum in Broad Street, having been transported on a Thames barge
from London. Ashmole had added to the presentation his own extensive antiquarian collections, and upon the installation of the whole,
Oxford could profess a unique building and place of study in the
history of the Natural Sciences. Ashmole's Museum constituted the
first official scientific institution to be established in England: in addition to the gallery for the exhibits it contained a library, a chemical
laboratory fitted with furnaces, a dissecting room in the basement,
and a lecture room. For more than I 50 years the Ashmolean Museum
remained a centre of scientific activities at Oxford, the disciplines
taught there including zoology, botany, chemistry, and astronomy.
T h e fate of Tradescant's original natural history specimens and
that of others added to them during the following years is largely
a history of neglect and curatorial indifference, in particular during the
eighteenth century when, according to Anthony Wood,'O the interest
in Natural Sciences had tended to subside. *dence of incompetence
was manifest in t h collections
~
of the Ashmolean Museum and was
commented on by a number of contemporary observers: in I 7 I o, a
year after the death of the second Keeper, Edward Lhwyd, Uffenbach
described the contents, saying that the specimens were poorly arranged

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

and preserved, and that 'One could wish that the catalogus or indices,
bad as they are, were published, or better still, that an accurate
description of this museum could be made.'" Uffenbach also said that
David Parry, M.A., the Proto-Custos, was 'always lounging about
in the inns, so that one scarcely ever meets him in the museum'.
T h e more perishable specimens fell into complete or partial decay,
and in 1755 the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors ordered the destruction
by fire of the most badly afflicted material, amongst which was included the stuffed Dodo which had been on exhibition for at least a
century. Fortunately for posterity, an astute assistant rescued the head
and a foot of the Dodo, and these remains repose in the University
Museum today12 as do also a number of other specimens which are
definitely attributable to Tradescant and Ashmolean Collections.
O f the remainder of the natural history material listed in the
catalogue of 1656, Musaeum Tradescantianum, little is known. In the
Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University, there exists the holotype
of the conch shell Strombus listeri; this is the only extant shell known
from a number of shells listed in the Tradescant catalogue, a species
represented by at most a dozen specimens. T h e shell came into the
hands of John Fothergill in the eighteenth century, then passed to
William Hunter and thence to the Hunterian Collection in Glasgow.13
T h e Musaeum Tradescantianum itself had been prepared in 1652,
before the death of Tradescant, with the assistance of Ashmole and
Dr. Thomas Wharton but was published under the name of John
Tradescant the Younger. A few of Tradescant's natural history
specimens may still be seen in the Museum of the History of Science
where they are displayed in the basement; some of these were returned
to the Ashmolean from the University Museum by Professor E. S.
Goodrich in 1926,14 and additional specimens were transferred in
August 1953 M evidenced by manuscript notes and lists on file in the
records of the Zoological Collections.
One early benefactor of the Ashmolean was Williarn Charleton,
or Mr. C. ( I 642-1 702)~these names being ones assumed for William
Courten of the Middle Temple, London, to whom Martin Lister's
Historia Conchyliorum was dedicated for the loan of specimens. Courten
lived much abroad, having family interests in Barbados, and made a
considerable collection of zoological specimens which he bequeathed
to Sir Hans Sloan, founder of the British Museum. A small manuscript
catalogue of his 'Curiosities' in the British MuseumIs records several
purchases of specimens made from Hester Tradescant in 1667.

T H E HISTORY OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

During the eighteenth century various zoological and miscellaneous

specimens were added to the Ashmolean Collections, including the
alleged cranium of Oliver Cromwell. T h e most notable contributions
made to the collections in the nineteenth century were those of the
Duncan brothers, who were successively Keepers of the Ashmolean
Museum from 1823 to 1854. Apart from providing large quantities
of zoological material, the younger Duncan, Philip, rescued the
remnants of the Tradescant Collection, reorganized the museum and
catalogued the contents; the latter work, A Catalogue afthe Ashmolean
Museum, published in I 836, describes the zoological specimens, antiquities, coins, and miscellaneous curiosities arranged in the building.
In the text, Duncan makes special reference to a number of important
contributors to the zoological department of the museum, amongst
whose names appear those of William John Burchell (the African
explorer) and Professor William Buckland (the great palaeontologist).
Dr. Mathew Lee of Christ Church College founded in 1750 a
Readership in Anatomy associated with the college, and during I 755 to
1757 a laboratory was built on the south side of Christ Church, at the
back of the Dining Hall, for dissections, lectures, and a museum; this
was known as the Anatomy~School,or, more popularly, as 'Skeleton
Corner'. I t was to become a new centre of anatomical and zoological
studies in Oxford, ultimately making redundant the old Anatomy
School in the Bodleian Schools Quadrangle, the later being the first
of the Schools taken over for library purposes. I n 1.767 Dr. John
Parsons was elected as the first Lee's Reader and University Lecturer
in Anatomy.
T h e fifth in succession of Lee's Readers, appointed in 1847, was
Henry Wentworth Acland. He immediately set our to stimulate the
study of Natural Science in the University, and even proposed that
every undergraduate should be compelled to attend courses in Natural
Science as part of a general liberal education, and in particular as a
preliminary to the more specialized training in Medicine. At the time,
he considered the establishment of a complete Medical School,
though desirable, to be impracticable owing to the large teaching staff
that would be required. I t may be of interest to record that Acland
was the first person to use the microscope f& t w h i n g purposes within
the University. Dr. Kidd, Acland's predecessor, had made a number of
gifts of zoological specimens to the Ashmolean Museum but had not
added greatly to the Anatomy School collections, with the consequence
that when Acland was installed he 'found himself master of the

,'

T H E HISTORY OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

gloomy, musty room where a human skeleton hanging by the top of

its head to an old brown cord was conspicuous at once as apparatus
and ornament. Scarcely anyone ever came into this old world place to
inspect the anatomical preparations which embodied the then most
advanced physiology.'16 Acland devoted himself to amassing a collection of a wide range of anatomical and physiological specimens, many
being the fruits of his expeditions to the Western Isles and elsewhere,
these and others being arranged after the plan of John Hunter, the
celebrated anatomist and founder of the Museum of T h e Royal
College of Surgeons in London. By 1852 Acland's collection comprised I ,000 osteological specimens, I ,700 physiological specimens,
500 specimens illustrating the anatomy of the Invertebrata, and the
nucleus of a pathological and histological series.
I n his 'Memoir' of Henry Acland, 1903, J. B. Atlay recounts
several amusing episodes in Acland's specimen-hunting career as h e
attempted to build up the zoological material for the Christ Church
Museum: in I 845 he travelled to the Orkney and Shetland Isles with
Edward Forbes the naturalist to dredge there for specimens of the
marine fauna, returning to Oxford at the beginning of Michaelmas
Term to await the arrival of the fourteen large cases containing his
pickled specimens which were to be sent from Edinburgh by sea,
but they did not appear as planned. T h e cases had been taken into
custody at the London docks, and the consignee found himself under
suspicion of attempting to smuggle whisky into the country owing to
the fact that he had indeed used this spirit to preserve his precious
cargo.
I n December I 846 Acland voyaged to Madeira with H. G. Liddell,
his old tutor and Dean of Christ Church, for as Liddell was seriously
ill, Acland had advised him to winter in a sunnier climate more
beneficial to his health. Acland himself returned to England on the
steamship Tyne homeward bound from Rio de Janeiro. After a call
at Lisbon on 9 January the ship encountered heavy seas and a gale
in the Bay of Biscay: the crew observed Portland Light at midnight
on 1 2 January but at three in the morning the ship, ten miles off
course, struck a reef a mile off St. Alban's Head on the Dorset coast.
Fortunately the passengers were all taken off safely at daybreak by a
little boat that made several journeys to the wreck of the Tyne.
Amongst the salvage from the ship was a splendid tunny fish which
Acland had obtained by way of the Consul in Madeira: the fish
had been packed in salt and placed in an eight-foot-long box addressed

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

to 'Dr. Acland, Oxford'. During the voyage, the crew and passengers
had become convinced that the box contained the corpse of a patient,
which in their superstitious minds was sufficient to account for the
storm in the Bay of Biscay, and they all but mutinied until the
Captain gave notice to Acland that he intended to throw the ill omen
overboard. Acland had to threaten legal proceedings to preserve his
specimen. However, the crew and the passengers could not be convinced of the true contents of the box, and such was their indignation
that they refused to speak to him.
I n this intolerable situation, Acland submitted to the opening of
the 'coffin' by the ship's carpenter who unscrewed the lid before the
assembled company to reveal the tunny for all to see. After the wreck
of the Tyne took place, the sailors, feeling remorse for their unfounded
suspicions, worked double tides to save the tunny fish from the ship,
and it was eventually delivered to the Museum at Christ Church in
perfect condition, the skeleton being later carefully articulated by
Charles Robertson in the Anatomy School.
A sequel took place with regard to the adventures of the tunny:
when it was removed from the Christ Church Anatomy Museum to
the new University Museum in 1860 and placed in the central court
in its present glass case it was supplied with a somewhat complacent
Latin inscription. This inscription became the basis of a parody, a
University jest attributed to Charles L. Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) and
his friends who produced a spurious Congregation Notice proclaiming
that it had pleased the University to substitute for the original 'Epitaph' of the tunny a revised version which was a clever line-for-line
parody.
T h e text of this Notice is given here as published by Tuckwell17
with revision of some line-lengths as published later by Atlaz:lB
In a Congregation to be holden on Saturday, the 3 1st. instant, at Two o'clock,
the following form of Statute will be promulgated.
P. JUNIU8,

Vice-Can.
University Catacombs,
Nov. 3, I 860
Placuit Universitati
2009.
' W
In Epitaphio Thunni in Musaeo Academico depositi haec verba
THUNNUS QUEM VIDES

MENSE IANUARII A. 8. MDCCCLVII

AB HENRICO W. ACLAND T U N C TEMPORIS ANATOMIAE I N

/
'

T H E H I S T O R Y OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

AEDE XTI PRAELECMRE
EX MADEIRA I N S U W
QUO HENRICUM C. LIDDELL AEDIS XTI DECANUM
INPlRMA VALETUDINE LABORANTEM DEDUXERAT
PRAETER OMNEM SPEM OXONIAM ADPORTATUS EST.
TYNA ENIM NAVE VAPORARIA IN QUA REDlBAT PRAELECTOR
AD SCTI ALBANI PROMONTORIUM I N COMITATU DORSETIAE EIECTA,
Q U U M IPSE VIX SOSPES E FLUCTlBUS EVASIT,
HIC PISCIS IN NAVE RELICTUS PER VOLUNTATEM NAUTARUM
AD TERRAM ADVECTUS EST.
DEINDE IN MUSAEO AEDIS X T I POSITUS
PER ARTEM CAROL1 ROBERTSON

EKEAETEYeH.

abrogare, et in eorum locum quae sequuntur subrogare:

THUNNUS Q U E M RIDES
MENSE I U N I I A. S. MDCCCLX
AB HENRICO W. ACLAND NUNC TEMPORIS MEDICINAE IN
ACAD. OXON. PROFEWORE REClO
EX MUSAEO ANATOMICO
DE QUO HENRICUM C. LIDDELL AEDIS XTI DECANUM
AETERNA MANSUETUDINE PERORANS SEDUXERAT
PRAETER OMNlUM SPEM OXONlENSIUM HUC APPORTATUS EST.
ORATlONE ENlM VAPORARIA IN QUO CAUDEBAT PROFESSOR
AD SCTI ACLANDI CLORIAM I N CONCRECATIONEM DOCTISSIME
INIECTA,
Q U U M MUSAEUM IPSUM VIX SOSPES E X HOSTIBUS EVASIT,
HAEC AREA IGNAVE REFECTA PER SECNITATEM MACISTRORUM
AD PINEM PROVECTA EST,
QUAE IN MEDIO AEDIPICIO POSITA
PER ARTEM BENIAMINI WOODWARD EZKIAMnPEYBH
[translated]
In a Congregation to be holden on Saturday, the 3 I S t . instant, at Two
o'clock, the following form of Statute will be promulgated.
P. JUNIUS,

Vice-Can.

University Catacombs,
Nov. 3, I 860
May it please the University
to delete these words in the Epitaph of the tunny which has been deposited
in the Academic Museum
T h e tunny you are peering at exceeded all expectations by being borne to
Oxford in January r 8 $7 by Henry W. Acland; at that time he was Reader in
Anatomy in Christ Church, and he brought it from the island of Madeira

T H E HISTORY OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

whither he had taken Henry G. Liddell, Dean of Christ Church, who was
suffering from poor health. For when the steam ('hot air') ship Tyne in which
the Reader was returning was cast upon the promontory of St. Alban in
Dorset and he himself barely escaped from the waves, this fish was left
behind on board and was brought to land through the enthusiasm of the
sailors. Then at last it was placed in the Museum of Christ Church and
skeletonized by the skill of Charles Robertson.
and to substitute in their place
T h e tunny you are sneering at exceeded even Oxford's capacity for surprise by being brought here in June I 860 by Henry W. Acland ;at the present
time he is Regius Professor of Medicine in the University of Oxford, and
he brought it from the Anatomical Museum whence he had led astray
Henry G. Liddell, Dean of Christ Church, by his perpetually flattering
oratory. For when a lecture consisting of 'hot air', of the kind the Professor
loved, was most learnedly presented to Congregation to the glory of St.
Acland, and he himself barely escaped from his enemies unharmed back to
the Museum, this area, which, thanks to the laziness of the Masters, had only
been imperfectly constructed, was brought to its completion and, placed as it
was in the middle of the building was skidmorized by the skill of Benjamin ,/
,
Woodward.
[Skidmore was the metal-craftsman responsible for the iron foliage in the
area.]

T h e accommodation in the Anatomy School at Christ Church was

extremely limited, and a stable was used for the,nq~erationof specimens; the consequent stench did not endear itself tb the coachmen
next door who complained of the odours, but before Acland had time
to remove the offensive specimens, servants raided the stable and pitched
into St. Aldates' the partly macerated skeleton of a giraffe, whereupon
a dog ran away with the giraffe's tail. As a consequence the skeleton,
now exhibited in the University Museum, has part of the tail verte4
brae cast in lead.
A Synopsis of the Physiological Series in the Ch. Ch. Museum,
in which Acland explains how the series was arranged for the use of
students after the plan of the Hunterian Museum, was printed in
I 853. A series of manuscript catalogues of the various collections were
prepared and subsequently revised as add$ional preparations were
added; the latest series, together with sokgg$f the earlier editions,
were eventually passed on to the University Museum between 1860
and 1866 with the collections and are still in use. T h e Anatomy
School at Christ Church was refitted and converted into a chemical .
laboratory in I 868.

T H E HISTORY OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

In passing, it is worth noting that some of the Oxford colleges

have in the past possessed zoological collections, in particular St.
John's, which in the seventeenth century apparently housed a large
collection of 'Naturalia' in the library. John Pointer, M.A., Chaplain
of Merton College, having been impressed by this material, was
induced to bequeath to St. John's his own collection. All his curiosities
were enclosed in two large chests of drawers and were catalogued in the
'Musaeum Pointerianum' of c. I 740~19including such items as seashells, skeletons, eggs, fossils, and plants, together with coins and
medals. Pointer died in I 754 and the collections at St. John's, stored
in a cold passage under the library, gradually succumbed to the processes
of neglect and decay. I n 1925, Gunther, after a cursory inspection,
described their sorry state, indicating the depredations that had
occurred since the catalogue had been prepared. All that remains of
this formerly extensive collection is a cabinet of drawers containing
some of the smaller objects, at present lodged in the basement of the
Museum of the History of Science, where also is stored the Oglander
Collection of Materia Medica (c. 1750) originally housed in New
College. T h e latter collection was owned by Dr. John Oglander,
Warden of the College, who died in 1794; it contains specimens of
natural history which were believed to be useful in medical treatment, some of the 1,032 specimens of which were collected by Thomas
Jobber, c. I 729.
Dr. Robert Plot of Magdalen Hall (later to become Hertford
College), the first Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in 1683, was
the author of The Natural History of Oxfordshire; undergraduates
referred to the Museum in his charge as 'The Knick-Knackatory'."J
I t seems likely that Plot's collection of local specimens was kept in
his room at the Hall until he incorporated them into the Museum
before resigning the Keepership in 1690.
Other colleges, including Queen's, Merton, and Jesus, have
possessed some items and objects of natural history such as horns,
tusks, and similar oddments.
T h e British Association met in Oxford in 1847, and Acland,
who had just been elected a Physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary,
suggested that a new museum with lecture rooms and a library shou d
be erected by the University for the teaching of Natural Science n
I 849 the Revd. F. W. Hope presented to the University his famous
collections of insects, crustacea, etc.: the acceptance of this donation
clearly emphasized the need for proper accommodation to be provided

/r

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

for the expanding collections of natural history material. Those in

favour of the proposal to build a new museum met at New College in
May r 849 and an action committee was formed, M. H. Nevil StoryMaskelyne becoming the Secretary of this committee formed to
promote the scheme for building a University Museum. T h e Honour
School of Natural Science was founded in 1850, and the resolve of
supporters of the new museum scheme was strengthened in 1852 when
the University Commission recommended that the University should
proceed with the plan to build a great museum for the sciences.
During the year r 853 the University appointed a Committee to
plan the University Museum, this committee including Acland and
other heads of departments. A new Committee was appointed in
1854 to consider the question of erecting the building; when the
Committee's report had been approved by Convocation a Delegacy
was appointed in r 855 by Convocation and the Committee dissolved
itself, its labours transferred to the new Museum Delegates who then
offered a competition for suitable designs, the architect finany selected
being Benjamin Woodward of the Dublin firm of Deane, Woodward,
and Deane. Preceded by a great deal of controversy and considerable
opposition to the plan by an anti-science faction--one old don described the proposed museum as 'a Cockatrice's Den'-the foundation
stone was eventually laid by the Chancellor, Lord Derby, in June
I 855, and by I 860 the building was virtually completed.
I t was Acland's intention that the newly erected' museum would
gather together the scattered scientific collections then in Oxford and
provide facilities for exhibits, research, and for the instruction of
students preparing for an Honour Degree in the sciences. T h e front of
the new University Museum, facing west, was originally allocated to
Medicine on the north-west side and to Chemistry on the south-west
side, the chemical laboratories being partially separated F-m the
main block but connected with it by a passageway. T h e Departments
of Experimental Philosophy (Physics), Mineralogy, and Geology were
accommodated on the south side of the Court quadrangle, the north
side being occupied by the Anatomical, Physiological, and Zoological
Departments. T h e east side was left for extensions. Professor John
Phillips, who had been the last Keeper OM shmolean Museum
prior to the dispersal of the original collec ons, became the first
Keeper of the Univ4rsity Museum.
Meanwhile, in 1832, owing to overcrowding in the Ashmolean
Museum, the Geological and Physical Apparatus Collection had been

R"

I6

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

moved to more ample quarters in the Clarendon Building which had

recently been vacated by the University Press, this building becoming
known as the Clarendon Science Museum, the geological material
ultimately passing on to the new Museum in Parks Road. O n completion of the new University Museum the parts remaining of the
natural history collections of the Ashmolean Museum were transferred there, as were the Christ Church Collections between 1860
and 1866,and together these collections formed the nucleus of those
which today constitute the Zoological Collections in the University
Museum.
1883 saw the building of an annexe on the eastern side of the
University Museum to accommodate the extensive archaeological and
ethnological collection presented to the University in I 882 by MajorGeneral Pitt Rivers. This building was completed in 1885 and in
1886 the ethnological material from the Ashmolean Museum was
transferred there, leaving in the old building in Broad Street only the
antiquities of Ashmole. T h e latter collections were subsequently
removed in 1894 to the University Galleries in Beaumont Street,
now known as the 'new' Ashmolean Museum, an impressive neoclassical building built in 1845 to the design of Charles Robert
Cockerel1 and then known as the New University Galleries. In 1894
a large extension was added to the north of the Galleries and in I 899
the designation 'Ashmolean Museum' was transferred to this extension and ultimately to the whole building. This building requires
to be distinguished from the 'old' Ashmolean Museum in Broad
Street which eventually reopened, being later re-designated and
established by Statute in 1935as the Museum of the History of Science,
created in 1925when Dr. Lewis Evans bequeathed his magnificent
collection of scientific instruments. T h e Ashmolean books and
manuscripts were removed to the Bodleian Library in the period
I 858-60.

Darwin's The Origin of Species had been published in 1859 and

Thomas Huxley, immediately after reading the Origin, wrote to
Darwin that he was 'sharpening his claws and beak' in readiness to
support his theory of evolution and combat Darwin's critics. Huxley,
who was to become known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', came to the
University Museum in 1860 as the building neared completion, in
order to attend a meeting of the British Association at which a memorable debate took place between Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce,
Bishop of Oxford. Wilberforce cynically expressed the disquietude he
17

T H E H I S T O R Y O F T H E ZOO'L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

would feel if a venerable ape was shown to be his ancestress, to which

Huxley took heated exception, replying 'that he would rather be
descended from an ape than a divine who employed authority to stifle
truth'. A wall plaque in the upper west arcade of the Museum indicates the room in which this famous controversy took place.
Henry W. Acland had been appointed Radcliffe Librarian in I 85 I ,
and in I 857 a special meeting of the Trustees considered the proposal
for removing the scientific portion of the books from the Radcliffe
Library to the new Museum in rooms in the charge of Dr. Acland;
in June 1860 they ordered that Dr. Acland be authorized on behalf
of the Trustees to plan the move which subsequently took place in
August 1861. T h e Radcliffe Library occupied in the Museum the
first floor rooms along the whole of the west front, the northerly
room being equipped as a Reading Room with a select library of books
and periodicals, while the southerly room contained a Reserve collection of less used books, and the small central room in the tower was
used as an accessions and work room.
Acland, in issuing new library regulations, made the important
provision that books from the Library could be borrowed by Professors and other suitable persons for use with the Scientific Collections in the court of the Museum, a privilege subsequently maintained
to the present day.21
T h e rapid growth of the Library made it a necessity that new book
space be acquired, while the Scientific Collections we~e.simultaneously
expanding and seeking additional room: the solution to these problems
was afforded by the generosity of the Draper's Company who provided a new Library building adjoining the large chemical laboratory
on the southern aspect of the Museum. During his tenure of office as
Librarian Acland had made a profound impression on the organization
and scientific utility of the Radcliffe Library, which was 3emoved
to its new premises between I 902 and I 903, the rooms then vacated
being re-utilized for Museum purposes. Zoological books, formerly
part of the Ashmolean Museum Library, were evidently kept within
the University Museum for use in the Department of Comparative
Anatomyzzand some of these, possessing Ashmolean bookplates, have
been located recently in the Department I
ogy Library by the
present authors, while a few others are prese t In the Hope Department Library (see Appendix IV).
T h e installation of the Ashmolean and Christ Church Museum
Collections in the new University Museum brought to an end this

P'

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

particular phase in the history of the zoological collections in Oxford.

It would appear that between 1860 and 1881 the only biological
teaching at the Museum was that given by the Linacre Professor of
Anatomy and Physiology, Dr. George Rolleston, and it seems that
little Medical instruction was given there until 1891 when Acland
organized some teaching in Bacteriology and Pathology; in I 89 I
Victor Carus sent Dr. Menge to Acland in answer to a request for a
distinguished specialist to work on Bacteriology in the laboratory of
the Museum.
In the years following the completion of the University Museum
the need for expansion, as a result of demands for increased teaching
and research facilities, led to a considerable dispersal of those departments originally associated with the Museum. This process began
the rapid growth of the University Science Area and gave rise to a
number of complex changes in the administration of the Collections
and in the allocation of space to those departments remaining in the
Museum. A brief outline follows of those developments which led
ultimately to the present disposition and accommodation of the
Collections associated with the four Departments of Zoology, Entomology, Geology, and Mineralogy, and in particular the Zoological
Collections.
With regard to the departments originally associated with the
Museum, Experimental Philosophy (Physics), which previously had
occupied rooms on the south side of the Museum court, removed to the
Clarendon Laboratory, built in 1870 in the north-west angle of the
Museum grounds. T h e roornsso vacated were taken over by Chemistry
and, later, additional buildings for Chemistry were erected between
1877 and 1879 at the south-east angle of the Museum; in connection
with these alterations the so-called 'Abbot's Kitchen' was divided by a
floor, the upper part becoming a chemical laboratory whilst the lower
room provided access to the New Radcliffe Library from the Museum,
direct access from the inner Museum court being sealed off at a later
date.
T h e Department of Physiology, situated near the north-east
angle of the Museum, was founded in 1884, being subsequently
enlarged in I 908 and again in I 927. Behind the Museum a temporary
building was erected in I 886 for the Department of Human Anatomy,
and in 1893 a permanent building was completed on the eastern side
of the Pitt Rivers Museum.
I n 1895 the newly appointed Professor of Medicine, Sir John
19

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G l C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

Burdon Sanderson, offered in the Museum regular courses of lectures

in Pathology with practical instructionj a separate Pathological
Department was built in 1899 and opened in 1901. At this time
Professor Van der Kolk's Pathological Series of 770 preparations,
purchased by the University in I 864 and originally kept in the northwest angle of the Museum, were given into the custody of the Reader
in Pathology and transferred to the museum in the Department of
Pathology. T h e Pathology Department building was replaced in 1927
by a new building in South Parks Road, the Sir William Dunn School
of Pathology.
Owing to the increase in the numbers of medical students requiring instruction in Zoology and Botany, a new large laboratory
was erected in 1899 on the north side of the Museum premises
occupied by the Department of Comparative Anatomy, thereby enlarging that Department which later became renamed as the Department of Zoology.
I n passing, it may be amusing to record that in 1902,in response
to renewed requests from students and others that luncheon and afternoon tea should be provided within the Museum, arrangements were
made by which Messrs. Boffin provided both meals in the Upper
West Gallery for a fortnight, but the attendance was so poor that the
experiment was discontinued.
T h e advent of the First World War caused considerable disturbance
within the Museum and its associated departments. I n 1916 the
Delegates granted facilities for the use of the buildings by the military
authorities, and the School of Military Aeronautics for officers of the
Royal Flying Corps was established in the Museum. In the following
years the Delegates reported an increase in the amount of space taken
over and also their serious apprehension relating to the enormously
increased influx of dust and dirt, and to the wear and tear of f&ric and
fittings. With regard to the Collections, glass jars became unprocurable
in I q I 7 as did also supplies of the alcohol required for the preservation
of specimens; consequently, in spite of a much reduced teaching load,
when the numbers of students in the Final Honours School sank to
three in Hilary Term and to one in Michaelmas Term with corresponding reductions in the numbers of s d
taking Prelims, the
Department of Zoology and Comparative natomy was unable to
add to its exhibits and collections, and time was spent only in cataloguing some of the existing collections. During 1914-18 Alfred
Robinson, assistant secretary to the Delegates, photographed some of

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

the relics of the Tradescant material for R. T. Gunther (see vol. iii,
Early Science in Oxford). Occupation of the Museum by the military
authorities continued through 19 I 8, the whole of the Department of
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, with the exception of the Linacre
Professor's room, being taken over. With the passing of war conditions
in 19 19, Julian S. Huxley, after his demobilization, returned to
Oxford and was appointed Demonstrator and Lecturer; the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, however, was unable to
make any great progress with the collections owing to the high cost of
spirit and the impossibility of procuring glass jars.
T h e Annual Reports indicate that the Second World War occasioned little upheaval within the Museum, and much time and
attention was given to fire precautions, although certain valuable
exhibits were removed from the court of the Museum to places of
safety.
At the present time the Entomological, Geological, Mineralogical,
and Zoological Collections all remain within the Museum in the
charge of their respective Curators and Heads of Department. During
the years 1957 to 1959 various rooms and cellars in the north-west
corner of the Museum, vacated by Chemical Crystallography and by
the Regius Professor of Medicine and his staff, were allocated to the
Zoological Collections. Conversion and reconstruction of an area off
the north end of the Upper West Gallery in 1962 provided an
additional room for each of the four Scientific Collections units, and
with the removal of the Department of Zoology to its new building
in South Parks Road in the summer of 1970 some of the space thus
vacated was allocated to both the Zoological and the Entomological
Collections.
Since the Museum was completed, the growth of the Science Area
has been continuous, and with regard to the Museum itself mention
has been made of the numerous reallocations of space and other modifications which have taken place. Accompanying these associated
internal and external changes came reorganization of the administration of the Collections in the Museum. J. B. Atlay23 indicates that
all was not smooth running in the affairs of the University Museum:
The scheme which had brought the various sciences under one and the
same roof in the Oxford Museum was not without its drawbacks. There was
an overlapping of departments, some personal friction, and a certain amount
of jealousy lest one branch of learning should be favoured at the expense of
another. The distipguished head of a distinguished college, who had in
21

T H E H I S T O R Y OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

the past taken pleasure, as an amateur, in keeping up a connection with

the Museum, and its Professors, wrote to Acland that he must resign his
position on the delegacy: 'They (the scientific teachers) cannot agree among
themselves; there seems to be no definite principle ofaction, no adjustment of
rival claims, and one incessant craving for change.'

T h e first three Keepers of the University Museum were appointed

by the Museum Delegacy, and the Keepers also acted as Secretaries to
the Delegates. Criticism has been made of the Keepers for various
losses which occurred in the collections at this time, and also of the
various Professors who later assumed responsibility for the collections.
As indicated earlier, the original Keeper was the Professor of
Geology, John Phillips of Magdalen (1857-74); the two succeeding
Keepers were the Savilian Professor of Geometry, Henry J. S. Smith
(1874-83), and Professor Edward Burnett Tylor (1883-1902) who
was Lecturer in Anthropology in the Pitt Rivers Museum. Tylor
lived in Museum House, in the grounds; this house, built after the
style of the University Museum, was demolished in 1954, the new
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory being built on the site.
In accordance with a Statute of 1888 the Museum Delegacy was
required to submit to Convocation an Annual Report which consisted
of a General Report, Departmental Reports of Professors and Lecturers teaching within the Museum precincts, and a List of Donations
to the Museum. T h e first of these Reports was presenf&d.tothe House
of Convocation in I 889, but previous to the Annual Reports, between
1883 and 1887, annual printed lists of Donations to the University
Museum were produced by the last Keeper, E. B. Tylor.
During the years previous to I 893, zoological collections, partly
from the Ashmolean Museum, partly acquired by donation or purchase,
occupying space within the central court and galleries, etc., remained
unassigned to any Professor and were held in charge by the ~ e l k ~ a t e s ,
directly or through a Zoological Committee: in 1893, following an
application by Professors Lankester and Poulton, these collections
together with a portion of the space occupied by them were placed in
Lankester's charge, with the exception of certain collections of the
British Fauna assigned to Professor Poulton, tbreby effecting a union
of the zoological collections with the ~ e ~ & t & tof Comparative
Anatomy.
Following Tylor's resignation in 1902 the office of Keeper was
abolished by Statute and replaced by that of Secretary, the first appointment to this post being that of Professor H. A. Miers. T h e Museum

T H E HISTORY O F T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

Delegacy continued in office until 1964 and concurrently until 1954

the various Heads of science departments delegated their duties in the
care of their respective collections to members of their teaching
staffs (demonstrators or lecturers in each of their departments) who
became in effect unofficially appointed curators.
In 1951 the Hebdomadal Council set up a Committee with some
'outside' representation, under the chairmanship of Professor L. W.
Grensted, to report on the state of the collections and to make suggestions as to their future care and development. In November 1954,
following certain recommendations in the 'Grensted Report' of 1 g52
on the proposed reorganization of the University Museum, a Committee for the Scientific Collections in the University Museum was
constituted, and the Curatorships were placed on an official basis in
March 1955 along the lines previously recommended by the three
Heads of Department concerned. I t was also resolved that one of the
Curators should act as Secretary to the Committee. At the first meeting
of the Committee for the Scientific Collections, held in March 1955,
three primary functions of the Museum were formulated:
(a) T h e maintenance of collections suitable for reference and

teaching, which should not in general be on public display.

(6) T h e making v d keeping of collections of specimens for taxonomic and otheklines of research.
(c) T h e public displa in the Museum court of a connected series
of selected exhibit which should cater especially for undergraduate teaching. Since the Museum is open to the whole
University and t o , he public, the presentation should be made
suitable for non-tec'hnical observers as far as possible.

I:

In 1963 the Scientific Collections Committee proposed that as the

functions of the Museum Delegates were then almost exclusively
related to the whole of the Science Area and not to the oversight of
the University Museum, the name of the Delegacy should be
changed to that of 'Delegates of the Science Area': this proposal
was adopted and 'on I May 1964 the Delegacy of T h e University
Museum, established in I 853, ceased to exist, its place being taken by
the Delegacy for T h e Science Area. During 1969 Congregation
approved revised Statutes under which the Committee for the Scientific Collections replaced the Delegates as the body responsible for the
Museum proper. By agreement with the Delegates, the Committee
took over various responsibilities for the interior of the Museum

TIIE HISTORY OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

and agreed to share with the Delegates their present Secretary; the
Committee also elected froin the Curators an overall Curator of the
University Museum.
At the present time, the four Curators of the Zoological, Entomological, Geological, and Mineralogical Collections, each appointed
by their respective Faculties with the approval of the General Board,
all serve on the Scientific Collections Committee, as do also the
related Professors and the Reader in Mineralogy. One of the Curators
is elected every three years to the additional function of overall
Curator of the University Museum in order to co-ordinate certain
activities, e.g. Museum displays, and to deal with routine administrative matters on behalf of the Committee. This situation is not
wholly in accordance with those recommendations made by Grensted
whose recommendation of the appointment of a single Curator of
status comparable with that of other Heads of Department was
withdrawn on the evidence of a wide divergence between the interests
of those authorities concerned with teaching and those of the Museum
itself.

T H E FUTURE OF T H E
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
I N the light of the proposed removal of the Department of Zoology
to South Parks Road, which eventually took place in the summer of
1970, considerable discussion was made as to the future disposal and
use of the Zoological Collections, and in 1963 the Linacre Professor,
J. W. S. Pringle, in a memorandum to the Natural Science Cornmittee of the General Board, gave his personal views. His rnemorandum outlined four functions of the Museum Collections in Zoology
and Entomology:
I. to preserve, and properly maintain for posterity, material,
much of it irreplaceable;
2. to provide practical instruction for undergraduates;
3. to be the centre of active research and postgraduate training
in taxonomy;
4. to provide a general educational service to the public and to
local schools.
T h e Professor found it difficult to assign an order of importance
to these four functions, but considered that I, 2, and 3 must take
precedence over 4. H e further indicated that retention of the Collections in the University Museum building under the control of the
Committee for the Scientific Collections might adequately provide
for functions I, 2, and 4 but would make great difficulty in the use of
the Collectio~lsfor teaching, whereas housing them near to the new
Zoology Department would make it possible to fulfil all four functions
of a Museum, with possibly some reduction in scope of the fourth
function, the general service to the public and schools.
Professor Pringle then outlined two alternative policies:
( I ) to retain the Collections in the University Museum under the
control of the Scientific Collections Committee. This policy, in order
to satisfy the teaching function, would make it necessary to retain the
Advanced teaching laboratories in the old Zoology Department and
there conduct that part of the practical instruction requiring the use of
material from the Museum stores, a policy which would reduce considerably the integration so much to be desired in biological teaching.

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

Such a solution, found in a number of universities, had always

resulted in isolation of Museum staff and friction between them and the
other biological departments.
(2) to rehouse the Zoological and Entomological Collections in
a new building adjacent to the new Department of Zoology, the
policy recommended by the General Board, its only disadvantage
being the cost. Such a policy would make possible a proper integration
of Biology and though it might occasion the need for redistribution of
material between the Zoological and Geological Collections in order
to retain adjacent to the Department of Geology a proper provision
for palaeontology, this need not present undue difficulty. At the time
it was estimated that to rehouse the Zoological and Entomological
Collections a space of approximately 60,ooo square feet would be
required.
T h e Professor further outlined two proposals consequent on the
adoption of the second policy: firstly, that a Professorship or at least
a Readership in Taxonomy be established in the Department of
Zoology and that this post should carry responsibility for the curating
of the Zoological Collections. By this means it should be possible to
allay suspicions that a future Professor of Zoology might ignore this
important function. T h e second proposal suggested that the University approach an appropriate body such as D.S.I.R. to finance a
school of research and postgraduate instruction in taxonomy and systematics under the Reader or Professor, a particularly timely proposal
in view of the Royal Society's Taxonomy Report of 1963 which
recommended improvement in the national provision for the training
of taxonomists. T h e Report24 indicated that most kinds of research
in zoological taxonomy demanded close contact with a large
museum.
In a further memorandum, 'Teaching and Research Related to the
Biological Collections', Professor Pringle indicated that both the
Biology Board and the Scientific Collections Committee recommended that the Zoological and Entomological Collections should
ultimately be housed in new accommodation adjacent to the new
Zoology Laboratory, but that there qust be a period of several years
after the transference of most of tb&
ing for the Honour School
of Zoology to.;zhe new building before ccommodation for the Colleqtions could be\provided on the new site.
T h e Professor outlined some of the problems for teaching which
would be created in the interim period, and suggested that a portion of

'

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

the old Zoology Department adjoining the Museum should be

retained for use in connection with the Biological Collections.
With particular reference to teaching, the memorandum pointed
out that the Zoological Collections would continue to play an essential
role in the revised Honour School which currently was being planned:
it was considered that the classes involved would be:
I . a course on invertebrate and vertebrate zoology,
2. a course on systematics and taxonomy,
3. a course on evolution,
4. short courses on selected groups of the animal kingdom.
T h e Entomological Collections would play an essential role in one
further course,
5. a course on special entomology by the staff of the Hope Dept.
I n addition, the Department of Zoology would continue to arrange
for a course occupying one day per week throughout the year on
Zoology for Geologists, requiring the use of material from the
Scientific Collections, a course which would be taken as part of their
preliminary Course by all undergraduates intending to enter the
Honour School of Geology.
With regard to research, Professor Pringle indicated that members
of the staff, senior workers and students carrying out research involving
the Zoological Collections would require rooms for varying periods of
time, and that after the removal of the Department of Zoology to its
new site some provision for this type of work should be made near the
Collections.
I n July 1963 Dr. E. J. Bowen, then Chairman of the Scientific
Collections Committee, indicated in a letter to the General Board that
the Committee had somewhat reluctantly agreed that the Collections
would later have to be split between two or more buildings, but was
strongly opposed to the reversion of any part of them to control other
than by a Collections Committee as then constituted. T h e combination of separate curators in close connection with individual departments, each an expert in his own field and having a special interest in
curating duties, with a unifying committee under an independent and
disinterested chairman, appeared to be the only way of carrying out
satisfactorily the recommendations of the Grensted Committee. An
accompanying report from the Scientific Collections Committee for
transmission to the General Board recommended that the University
should accept that the new buildings for Zoology and Entomology

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL C O L L E C T I O N S

must provide adequate space for the teaching displays, for the storage
of the Zoological and Entomological Collections, and for the necessary curatorial and preparatory work under the Scientific Collections
Committee connected with the collections and display.
In putting forward this recommendation the Committee recognized
that the one disadvantage would be that combined Palaeontologicaland
Zoological displays were of interest both to Geology and Zoology,
and were of greater value if retained in association. For this reason,
continuation of some exhibits of this type in the Museum court seemed
desirable. T h e final paragraph of this report reiterated that the
Committee was strongly of the opinion that, in order to maintain
proper care of the collections, the functions and composition of the
Scientific Collections Committee should in no way be weakened,
even though part of the collections be moved to another building,
and envisaged that the ultimate control and care of the Collections
would remain under the Committee.
T h e University had in 1963-4 accepted in principle a long report
by Sir William Holford detailing the future requirements of the Science
Area and proposing a general regional allocation of space within the
Science Area to different subject groups: following the recommended
purchase by the University from Merton College of houses and land
on the south side of South Parks Road, the south-eastern part of the
enlarged Science Area was earmarked for development in Biology.
When the recommendations made in 1963 by the Scientific Collections Committee concerning the future of the Collections were considered by the General Board in the light of discussions between its
Natural Science Committee, representatives of the Board of Faculties,
and the Scientific Collections Committee, the conclusion reached was
that it was not practicable within the foreseeable future (i.e. the period
of twenty years envisaged in the Holford Report) to contemplate
rehousing the whole of the Zoological and Entomological Collections on a site adjoining the new Zoology building. This decision
was conveyed by the Secretary of Faculties in 1963 to the Chairman
of the Scientific Collections Committee together with a request that
the Committee consider what arran ments they now wished to
recommend, to which the C h a i d @ i e d that for the present
the Committee$could make no further observations on the matter.
I t was now clear that, in order to provide the specimens essential
to teaching requirements in the new Zoology building, some splitting
of the Zoological Collections would be inevitable; thus, while general

1
t
l

T H E F U T U R E O F THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

specimen requirements were being determined, steps were taken to

plan within the future Department of Zoology suitable storage facilities for the relatively small numbers of specimens to be maintained
therein for meeting those requirements. As a result, the present
position regarding use of Zoological Collections material required
for teaching is that this relatively small number of essential specimens,
chiefly skeletal and spirit preparations, is housed in the Department of
Zoology, provision being made for a two-way tmnsference of material
between the Department and the Museum as course requirements
vary. I n order to ensure control of such material the Zoological
Collections maintain records of all material so transferred or loaned,
and all such transfers, whether on a long or short term basis, are made
at the discretion of the Curator of the Zoological Collections.
Details of Grensted's 1952 recommendations were discussed
early in 1953 by a sub-committee of the Heads of the Science Departments and they suggested that 'it should be made quite clear that the
Professor or Reader holds the Collections in trust on behalf of the
University during his period of office', and that 'in addition to their
curatorial duties the curators and assistant curators should engage
in research and, to a limited extent, in Departmental teaching so that
they remain essentially members of the respective departments'.
T h e Delegates of the University Museum under the Chairmanship
of Dame Janet Vaughan reported in 1962 that, 'In a year during
which the University was much exercised over long term plans for
the future of the Science Departments the Delegates took occasion
to affirm the importance of preserving without interruption the
availability of the Museum Collections.'
In 1963 the Standing Commission on Museums and Galleries
under the Chairmanship of the Earl of Rosse, and including in its
members and signatories the present Chairman of the Scientific
Collections Committee, Sir William Hayter, published a Survey of
Provincial Museums and Galleries, noting that the financial claims
of University Museums did not appear to come very high among the
conflicting claims on the Universities' funds. Particular concern
was expressed at the low level of their resources for purchasing new
material and the Report proposed further studies of the University
Museums be made by the Standing Commission.
In the following year the Scientific Collections Committee had the
opportunity to put its views relating to the removal of the Zoology
Department before the Standing Commission, and both the Head

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

of the Department, Professor J. W. S. Pringle, and the Curator of the

Zoological Collections, Dr. D. Nichols, put forward the view that
since the bulk of the research collections were to remain in the present
Museum building, its importance as an ancillary to the Department of
Zoology could not be over-emphasized. Both, however, expressed
considerable doubt as to whether the arrangements operating at the
time, whereby the interests of the Museum are watched over by a
large Committee, were appropriate under the new circumstances.
Accordingly they recommended that the Museum, in addition to the
curatorial staff of each of the Collections, should have appointed a
Director of professorial status having overall responsibility for developing research and teaching in taxonomy, for formulating a display
policy, and for co-ordinating building and alteration plans for the
Museum. They felt that such a step would enable the Museum's
interests to be better voiced on the appropriate faculty board and would
enable it to argue its own case for development. This they considered
was particularly important at that time because of the serious international shortage of trained taxonomists.
I n 1968, after further investigations, the Rose Commission
presented to the Government their Report on the Universities in
Relation to their own and other Museums. This Report was strongly
critical of the natural history and geological collections of Oxford
and Cambridge Universities. When dealing specifically with the Oxford University Museum Collections, particular attention was drawn
to the Musaeum Tradescantianum and other early collections transferred from the Ashmolean which 'In spite of their importance and
international reputation however
have suffered long periods of
neglect during which irreplaceable type material has deteriorated or
been lost or destroyed; and the condition and availability of the
collections became unworthy of their place in the learned world.'
Paragraphs I 7 and I 8 of this Report state:

...

We do not think that there can be two views about the importance of the
universities' responsibility for preserving knowledge and making it available
to the world of learning in general. We have, however, seen with concern in
some of the greatest university museums@
pears to us to be the frustration of this purpose by a too exclusive pFib? cupation with undergraduate
teaching.
This struck us'perhaps most forcibly . in the natural history and geology
collections in Oxford and Cambridge. Here we found collections of the first
importance not only in unsuitable surroundings and di5cult of access but

..

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

in some cases actually deteriorating and with catalogues which, as things are at
present, have no hope of being brought up to date. These collections are, or
have been in the past, important and much-used teaching collections. As
such, they have remained in the part-time charge of lecturers, under the
guidance of the professor.
I n para.

I9

the Commission considered that

Scholars with heavy teaching duties, and interests unconnected with the
museum, cannot be expected to have the necessary time or interest to give to
the conservation or cataloguing of material which they and their students
hardly use. These tasks can be successfully carried out only by a full-time
curator of sufficient standing to compete effectively with other claimants
on the university's support, with adequate staff who have the museum as
their primary responsibility.
T h i s viewpoint was held by the then Curator of the Zoological
Collections, Dr. D. Nichols, w h o stated in a letter to Professor
J. W. S. Pringle that his experience whilst holding the post led him t o
the conclusion that the post of Curator could not be satisfactorily
carried o u t by anyone having a demanding interest in departmental
teaching and experimental research. Concerning collections in general,
an additional important conclusion is drawn in para. 21 of the Rosse
Report:
The value of outstanding collections such as these must not be assessed
by reference to their current use in teaching, but they must be seen as the
means by which knowledge is preserved, extended and made available, and
as potential centres of new lines of thought, research and training.
I n dealing specifically with the movement o f the Zoology Department the Commission stated (p. 37, para. 79) that
T h e Zoological Collections will therefore almost certainly remain, with the
In these circumstances,
Geological Collections, in the Museum Building.
whatever is ultimately decided about the Entomological Collections, the
Museum will be physically separated from the Zoology Department; this
might be a step towards its administrative autonomy.

. ..

Finally, in the summary of the Commission's recommendations t o

universities, part of the first recommendation advises
That their concern for teaching needs should neither overshadow the need
to conserve their scientific collections, to keep them catalogued and available
for study and research, and to provide adequate staff, and staff of adequate
standing, to do this . .

1 9 7 3 saw the publication of a report, Provincial Museums and

T H E F U T U R E OF T H E ZOOLOGICAL C O L L E C T I O N S

Galleries, by a committee appointed by the Paymaster-General

and published by the Department of Education and Science. T h i s
committee report, chap. I 3, p. 54, para. I 3, referring to private and
university museums, recognized that some University Collections
in addition to fulfilling their functions as part of the teaching resources of a
university, are of general interest and importance and are open to the public.
The problem is that a University under pressure for resources cannot reasonably be expected to develop and display such collections to serve purposes
beyond its own functions, widely though these may be interpreted in an
extra-mural sense.
Para. 13. 6 states
In a few but-significant cases the wider potentialities of the collection have
been recognized by the establishment of a joint committee with a local
authority, as in the case of the Manchester Museum. If the full potential
of such collections is to be realized some joint arrangement with a public
authority will normally be necessary.

...

Para. I 3. 8 reports,
We are convinced that the comparatively neglected state of some university
museums is avoidable and we urge on the university authorities their responsibility to pay suficient regard to the needs of collections placed in their trust.
T h e U G C should bear in mind the public responsibility of such universities;
we hope that the universities will seek more generous financial provision
for their museums. . . What we said elsewhere about other museums applies
equally well to university museums, and where collections of any significance
are housed, an appropriate number of full time professional staff is necessary.
Without this not only can the basic museum services not be provided, but
the collections cannot adequately be looked after. However, the provision
of services to the public (such as educational visits) requires staff, and this is
not a burden which can properly be laid exclusively on the universities'
expenditure.
[I 3. 91 We recommend that, where university museums exist which could
provide a service to the public, local authorities should be prepared to finance
such services and that joint committees be established to supervise their
running.

T h e University Museum was amon those Oxford museums which

in June 1974 and the
were re-visited by the Rosse CO
subsequent Report on University
useums has recently (1976)
been publishea.

I&$$

SUMMARY
'In summing up our current activities, it can be seen that we have turned our
face towards the twentieth century and are trying to up-date a century old
institution.'
STEPHEN
WILLIAMS,
Director of the Peabody Museum, in 'A university museum today', Curator, vol. xii, 4 ( I 969),p. 305.

T H Eintrinsic value of the Zoological Collections of the

University
Museum is founded upon three principal elements:
I. their historical significance,
2. their current use,
3. their potential future utilization.
I. T h e early antecedents of the Zoological Collections comprised
the seventeenth-century 'cabinets of curiosities' of Tradescant and
Ashmole which were 'accumulated on the basis of a nai've interest in
the rare and fabulous bound by a stylized and symbolic concept of
nature'.Zs By the year 1656, when the Musaeum Tradcscantianum
was printed, some rudimentary artificial classification of the specimens
had been created, and by 1836 the collections of the Ashmolean
Museum had been used to form the basis of a post-Linnaean natural
classification in the printed catalogue of that date. T h e eighteenthcentury collections of Christ Church, originally utilized in illustrating
the medical aspects of human anatomy, gradually evolved contemporaneously with those of the Ashmolean Museum into systematic
study collections on anatomy, morphology, and physiology which
embraced the whole of the animal kingdom. Following their transference to the University Museum in the second half of the nineteenth century these collections became, with substantial additions,
first the foundation of University teaching in human and comparative anatomy and ultimately the teaching and research collections
of the Department of Zoology.
T h e formation and development of these early collections constitutes a valuable record of the development of biological disciplines
within the University, and the Collections themselves form an integral
part of the history of science. T h e developmental stages in the history
of zoological science within the University, and also the manner in

SUMMARY

which biological material was acquired and utilized, are reflected in

the various changes in the title of the institution now known as the
Department of Zoology:
I 860-Anatomy
and Physiology,
I 877-Human
and Comparative Anatomy,
1884-Morphological Department (as it was then called)
I 891-Comparative
Anatomy,
I g I 5-Zoology
and Comparative Anatomy,
I 96 I -Zoology
During this time the accumulation and use of different suites of
teaching and research material varied as interest in particular fields
of zoologicai science waxed and waned. As a result of this process
substantial portions of the Collections became virtually redundant for
those purposes they had originally been intended to serve, but nevertheless still required storage space and proper maintenance. T h e
collections were, however, subjected in many instances to considerable
neglect, one direct result of such neglect being that even to recent
times some type material remained uncared for and is still being rediscovered, having remained unrecognized for many years.
It would be unwise to dispose of such old collections merely because
their use is not called for by current teaching requirements; much of
this material is irreplaceable, some might be replaced only at great
expense should there occur a revival of interest in some rather neglected branch of the zoological sciences, as seems imminent in the
case of Animal Taxonomy. Much of the material in the old collections
now possesses a unique historical value and represents, as do early
books and manuscripts, an invaluable source of fundamental data.
Similar considerations must apply regarding the related records,
documentation, etc., of the old specimens and collections: as has been
remarked by the Director of the Natural History Museum in Gothenburg,
T h e handling of documentary material, its selection, its classification
and the treatment of accompanying data, involves a considerable amount of
research work. This type of research work must necessarily be given priority
in the museum routine in order to @re the documentary material of the
future. I t is time-consuming and the m&m personnel often have difficulty
in finding en$ugh time for this task.
T h e routiiie type of research mentioned above has to continue. Therefore
other research work, research which is based on a more comprehensive study
of the material, has almost ceased in many museums. . . .a6

...

SUMMARY

Although the records and documentation of the Zoological Collections material are discussed in a separate section of this review, it is
perhaps pertinent here to remark that while such old records exist
in various forms, they are by no means as complete as could be desired
and thus create certain difficulties when older material is investigated
for specific inquiries or during routine processes of curation and
accession. T h e necessity for remedying past errors and omissions of
documentation is illustrated by the former use of rare or type material
for display or class teaching and demonstration simply because, in the
absence of adequate data, the scientific value of such material had
remained unappreciated.
2. At the present time, the zoological material comprising the
Zoological Collections is utilized in fulfilling the various requirements
of teaching and research. A certain amount of material is used in the
preparation and presentation of public displays within the Museum
court and galleries, intended mainly for supplementing and complementing the formal instruction of undergraduates, but also serving
the interests of the general public. Specimens are also provided for
teaching within the Department of Zoology, and also, on occasion,
within other departments, use being made of such material for regular
demonstrations, special displays, tutorials, and examination purposes.
T o a more limited extent, specimens are also provided for use in certain extra-mural activities such as courses in adult education sponsored
by the University and also for occasional display purposes by local
authorities and organizations.
T h e Zoological Collections provide a source of research material,
available for inspection by visiting research scientists and a source of the
data sought by the Museum staff when replying to the various inquiries received from research workers. Loans of material for such
research are made to workers and institutions for approved research
purposes, and occasionally, certain carefully selected reserve material
may be provided for analytical investigation by zoologists, physiologists, archaeologists, etc. Reference collections are used in the determination of unnamed material within the Collections, for the
determination of newly acquired and unnamed specimens, and in
the identification of specimens submitted for inspection by members
of the University and by the general public.

3. In the past, the acquisition of material for addition to the Zoological

Collections has been demonstrably a changing and often quite random

SUMMARY

process, little rationale having been applied to the intake of specimens,

with the result that any acquisition policy has been mainly subject
to the personal interests and whims of a succession of custodians.
In consequence of this negative approach the Zoological Collections
have drifted rather aimlessly, and perhaps unavoidably, towards an as
yet undefined destiny. This situation should now be rectified by the
formulation of a positive long-term policy relating to the future
utilization of the Collections in line with modern concepts of teaching
and research requirements; this would involve the undertaking of a
thorough reappraisal of aims and ideals with the object of ensuring
that the most effective use could be made of such valuable resources.
One potential use of the Collections lies in the possibility of their
value in future investigation and research to be undertaken by new
or as yet unknown methods and techniques; several lines of research
have commenced in other similar institutions which necessitate reexamination of old specimens, e.g. investigationsconcerning the thickness of shells of birds' eggs and related sterility prior to, and following,
the use of D D T . While so much material awaits proper investigation,
curation, and documentation, an accurate evaluation of the worth of
the Zoological Collections may only be guessed at; however, sufficient
work has been carried out in the various groups of material to indicate
that they contain much that will prove to be of considerable interest
to systematists and taxonomists, as for example in the recent rediscovery within the Bell Collection of Crustacea of a number of Bell's
type specimens to which reference is made in the literature as 'thought
to be no longer in existence'. A very great deal of work remains to
be carried out in the investigation, curation, and proper storage of
both specimens and the relevant documentation before a comprehensive information retrieval system can be established, but such work
may well be speeded by utilizing the assistance and elaertise of visiting
research workers and temporary assistants. Recently there has been
established, within that area allocated to the Zoological Collections
following the removal of the Department of Zoology, a vertebrate
palaeontological research laboratory with associated research rooms and
a fossil store, a development under ken by the present Curator in
ired and extensive collection
order to facilitate research on a ne
of fossil vertebrate material obtaine by him from the Luangwa
Valley, Zambia, in I 974; this material is at present undergoing active
preparation and research by the Curator and a postgraduate student,
with the technical assistance of one of the Museum technicians. A

-Kr.

SUMMARY

development similar to this, devoted to investigation and research

upon the existing Zoological Collections, would without doubt be of
great benefit in attracting to the Museum those workers who, by their
research, could contribute to the tasks of improving the collections
and enhancing their value to science.
Undoubtedly the most important, still largely unexploited potential
of the Collections must lie in the field of taxonomic and systematic
teaching and research. I n this context it is important to note the
opinions expressed by other workers in comparable institutions holding
collections and materials of a similar kind. Some interesting viewpoints
relating to natural history collections are recorded in a paper by
Professor R. Vik of the Zoologisca Museum, Oslo, published in 1973.
T h e paper, entitled 'The role of natural history museums in university education'27 refers to one of the 'recommendations' adopted at
the Biosphere Conference held by Unesco in Paris in September
1968, that all countries belonging to the U.N. should take steps to train
more systematists. I n his paper Vik states,
It is obvious that for a fruitful study of systematics it is necessary to have
knowledge from such disciplines as ecology, physiology, genetics, evolution,
biometry, biochemistry, palaeontology, etc. But then we must keep up to
date in these specialities so that we know where the frontier of knowledge
lies at any particular time. This is an impossible task if one isolates oneself in
a museum. It is therefore of the greatest importance that museum experts
should not only try to carry out their teaching tasks, but also maintain close
contacts with those working in the various fields at the university.
In the discussion following Vik's paper, Dr. D. C. Nuorteva of the
Zoological Museum, Helsinki, considered that 'Professor Vik had
raised a very important matter, namely the contacts between museologists and other university people'; he thought that museologists should
not represent taxonomy only. They should be spokesmen for the whole
of biology, the biological information now needed by society not being
restricted to taxonomy, but also extended to ecology, physiology, and
above all, nature conservation. He therefore agreed with Vik that
museologists must be in close contact with other researchers and
'must familiarize themselves with their results and then inform the
public of these through the channels that the museums have at their
disposal'. Professor B. Hubendick of Gothenburg, taking up these
points, indicated that
The museum exhibitions should offer as complete a picture as possible of
all biological branches. Although ecological and physiological research were

SUMMARY

of great importance, he was afraid that as far as research activities in natural

history museums are concerned we had to give priority to taxonomy. Professor Vik had pointed out that taxonomy is not given its due consideration
at the universities and therefore it was becoming increasingly important to
emphasize taxonomy in the museums. As taxonomy is a tool in daily museum
work it is natural that taxonomic research should be performed in museums.
If we spread our research interests too much we may not be able to carry out
even a limited fraction of the necessary taxonomical research.
T h e foregoing opinions, and especially those of Vik a n d Hubendick,
would appear t o b e in keeping with informed opinion relating to
collections o f natural history material such as those held by t h e
Zoological Collections o f the Oxford University Museum.

THE MUSEUM COURT, AND

P R O B L E M S A S S O C I A T E D WITH
DISPLAY

'

T H Eglass-tiled roof of the University Museum which surmounts

the Gothic-style arches of the building permits, during the hours of
daylight, a very pleasant level of illumination in the exhibition area
below and also gives an atmosphere of airiness and space; nevertheless
this unimpeded ingress of natural light is particularly harmful with
regard to the preservation of certain zoological material, in that the
ultra-violet component of sunlight is especially damaging to the
evanescent pigments and ephemeral colours in the plumage of birds,
the fur of mammals, and the wings of butterflies, etc. Coloured prepared specimens in spirit fare no better, suffering fairly rapid fading
and ultimate bleaching. Many of the specimens at present on display
have suffered the consequences of over half a century or more of this
deleterious exposure, thus the introduction since 1971 of unfiltered
artificial light into the exhibition cases can cause little further damage
to specimens already deprived of thek natural coloration. T h e possibility of filtering out ultra-violet light in order to protect displayed
specimens is at present under consideration: this could probably
be achieved satisfactorily by the application of transparent barrier
solutions or film to the external glass surfaces of exhibition cases and
the interior fluorescent lighting tubes. Careful consideration, however,
must always be given to the introduction into displays of new specimens likely to be affected by such light deterioration and an assessment made as to the extent to which material exhibited may be
deemed expendable.
Owing to the greenhouse effect of the glass roof, summer temperatures reached in the Museum court are generally rather warm
and may become very high, thus creating problems of unduly rapid
evaporation of the spirit preservative of specimens displayed within
glass jars via their pressure vents or filler-holes. Pressure created
in display jars completely sealed is sufficient to break seals and lift lids
of jars unless vents are provided. Undue evaporation of spirit, if left
unchecked, would soon cause drying out and consequent physical

T H E MUSEUM COURT AND

damage to such specimens, and to counteract this danger a continual

process of topping-up must be undertaken by the technical staff, a
duty which could be obviated by transferring such specimens into
sealed 'Perspex' jars and replacing the spirit (70 per cent alcohol)
by other preservative fluids such as 5 per cent formalin o r a solution of
propylene phenoxetol, a process entailing complete remounting and
relabelling of specimens which for each may take several days to
complete. T o withdraw all such material for re-processing would
considerably deplete the invertebrate systematic displays for at least a
year, or longer.
O t h e r more direct hazards to exhibits in the Museum court
include damage caused by the penetration of rainwater through leaks in
the glass roof and, fortunately more rarely, the severe damage to both
display cases and specimens caused by the falling of glass tiles loosened
by high winds.
Considerable time, effort, and money has been spent during the
past six years in improving the didactic component of the displays and
modernizing the general appearance of exhibition cases in the Museum
court. A progressive transformation has resulted in the replacement of
the previously unlit, sombre displays, with their obsolete presentation
and outmoded scientific information, by attractive student-orientated
exhibits which obviate the former necessity of additional interpretation
by demonstrators and other teaching staff, in marked contrast with those
procedures adopted during the early years of the Museum o r even in
recent times.
A n insight into the past use of the Museum is obtained from one
of the students in Professor George Rolleston's time (Linacre Professor of Physiology I 860-8 I):
If it was often hard for us to attend the Museum in the summer afternoons,
the hardness was always alleviated by the reflection that the 'Dbctor' was sure
to be there. The court of the Museum is fitted up with enclosures in which the
student finds a table and chair. He draws the curtain and settles himself
down to studying the various specimens arranged on shelves around his
enclosure. The book of explanations lay ready on the table, written in Dr.
Rolleston's own hand; he was perfectly familiar with the many thousand
often visit us in these private
specimens that the Museum contains. He W
hours of study, and ask if we had any dr&&,
and invite a few of us to
look round some hse of specimens, and by a little practical demonstration
contrive to throw a light and interest into the dead and dried preparations
where before all was dark and unintelligible.28
Professor E. Ray Lankester, who was Rolleston's successor to the

'j

I
l

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED W I T H DISPLAY

Linacre Chair in 1891, organized a programme to set out and label

in a demonstrable manner exhibits of comparative anatomy similar
to those of Professor Flower of the British Museum (Natural History). He used rectangular glass jars with ground-flat faces for the
spirit specimens, whilst the dry specimens were mounted on tablets
of uniform colour and pattern. Lankester also introduced printed
labels and illustrative drawings into the displays, many of which are
retained in the exhibits present in the Museum today. Many of these
preparations and dissections were made by E. S. Goodrich, Lankester's
demonstrator who later held the Linacre Chair from 1921 to 1946,
and each of these represents a whole week's work by a scientific
anatomist who in addition to his knowledge of zoology possessed a
very special manipulative skill.
Professor Goodrich was well aware of the problems caused by
light and temperature in the Museum court and, during his tenure of
office, introduced a measure intended to shield the collections in the
court from the worst effects of direct sunlight by having the external
surface of the glass roof painted with a green coating which, being
partly water soluble, needed to be reapplied annually. Unfortunately,
although providing shade, the paint also reduced the overall level of
illumination within the court, especially on dull days, and as no artificial overhead lighting was available in the court--as is still the case
today-this process was discontinued soon after Sir Alister Hardy
became Linacre Professor in 1946. I t was originally intended that the
court should be lit by the large circular gas-burners which may still
be seen overhead, but these were never put into proper use as the heat
generated by them was found to be seriously affecting the glass roof.
Goodrich had also sealed off with cardboard some of the warm air
flue grilles around the peripheral arcades in order to lower the temperature of the court and prevent the evaporation of spirit from
museum jars, though the practicality of this measure seems somewhat
doubtful.
T h e early and sustained efforts of Lankester and Goodrich to put
the collections on display on a scientifically planned and organized
basis did not, apparently, meet with the response expected from the
Museum Delegacy and other members of the University. In the
Annual Report of 1894 Lankester stated, 'I wish to draw attention
in this report to the fact that I should be happy at any time to arrange
an hour for showing the collections to any member of the Museum
Delegacy since, as a body, it rarely if ever visits the Museum. I should

THE MUSEUM COURT A N D

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED W I T H DISPLAY

be glad to do the same for any member of the University who would
communicate with me on the subject.' This appeal seems to have been
met by silence as, in the following year's Annual Report, Lankester
wrote, 'The Linacre Professor desires again to take this opportunity
of expressing his readiness to make an appointment with any senior
member of the University wishing to have the interesting objects in
the exhibited collections explained to him. During the past year no
application of the kind was made to him, although he made the same
offer as the present.' Considering that these exhibits then constituted
one of the most advanced displays of comparative anatomy, one may
ponder the reasons as to why Lankester's invitations were not taken
up; however, in r 899 Lankester resigned to become Director of the
British Museum (Natural History).
For many decades prior to 1970 the appearance of the central
court, where zoological material was displayed, was grossly overcrowded, the close juxtaposition of display cases and free-standing
exhibits obstructing circulation routes. T h e antiquated presentation of
the displays in their dusty dark cases, lacking both colour and light,
produced an overall effect of fusty Victorian congestion and gloom
typical of a bygone age in the history of museums. T h e 'Grensted
Report' of 1952 had recognized that a comprehensive and costly
overhaul of the displayed material in the court of the Museum was
essential and long overdue. In 1970 Dr. N. Tebble and Mr. K. C.
Davies took practical steps to rectify the labyrinthine appearance of
the central court by reorganising the positions of display cases, and
assisted by zoology teaching staff initiated a continuing programme
of improving the scientific content and appearance of the exhibits.
T h e old-style oak-framed cases, though structurally sound, required
extensive modification in order to modernize their internal and external appearance: as it was decided that the overall dimensions and
the oak used in their construction was ideally suited to blend with
the internal decor of the surrounding court, the original cases lent
themselves well to this modernization. T h e framed and hinged doors
with their additional paraphernalia of strengthening bars, locks,
latches, and screw bolts, the various t
of shelf with their supporting structures all obstructed the view of&e contents of these cases,
giving rise to a cluttered, almost chaotic appearance. In the remodelled
cases, large sliding doors of plate-glass replaced the hinged doors,
allowing ease of access to the cases and permitting an unobstructed
view of the interiors; the case interiors were simplified and the ex-

ternal embellishments were removed to provide display cases with

clean outlines unlikely to distract the attention of the student from
the specimens and texts displayed within them. T h e yellowing handwritten and typed paper labels were replaced by more easily readable
printed or embossed labels of a more permanent nature; variously
coloured backgrounds and internal illumination by fluorescent lighting were added to cases to entice attention, a prime necessity in the
process of communicating visual information. As far as is practical
the refurbished cases have been dust-proofed and all are fitted with
security locks. Surveillance of the exhibits by the security staff has
been aided by the redisposition of cases and circulation around the
exhibits has thereby been vastly improved, while interesting vistas
of the interior of the building can now be seen and enjoyed from
ground level where hitherto unbroken walls of aligned display cases
precluded such aspects.
O n an experimental basis a series of Tutorial exhibits have been
introduced into the central aisle of the Museum court; these deal with
such topics as Animal Phylogeny, Ecology, and the Evolution of
various mammalian groups, etc. One of the objects of these particular
displays is to confine interior labelling and texts to minimum levels
so that the specimens themselves can be seen clearly without a preponderance of labels to distract the eye. I n relation to the minimizing
of descriptive labelling, the Linacre Professor in 1966 expressed to
the Curator of the Zoological Collections his interest in a multichannel recorded commentary apparatus seen on display at a Royal
Society conversazione: this equipment was designed to offset the
apparent reluctance of visitors to museums to read printed descriptive
labels accompanying exhibits, observation having shown that visitors
were far more ready to lift a telephone handset and listen to a recorded
description. At the time it was felt that the expense involved by installing such equipment would be prohibitive; since that time, more
sophisticated equipment of this type has been developed which might
well prove to be a most useful instructional aid when linked with the
Tutorial and other displays. Other interesting possibilities lie in the
use of film-loop projectors in supplementing exhibits, but a certain
amount of caution in introducing such devices into the court is
perhaps advisable, owing to the hazards of mechanical or electrical
failure due to wear and tear, or even vandalism, coupled with the
attendant high cost of repairs and maintenance of such equipment.
At present, detailed Tutorial Texts covering these exhibits have

F.

THE MUSEUM COURT A N D

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED W I T H DISPLAY

be glad to do the same for any member of the University who would
communicate with me on the subject.' This appeal seems to have been
met by silence as, in the following year's Annual Report, Lankester
wrote, 'The Linacre Professor desires again to take this opportunity
of expressing his readiness to make an appointment with any senior
member of the University wishing to have the interesting objects in
the exhibited collections explained to him. During the past year no
application of the kind was made to him, although he made the same
offer as the present.' Considering that these exhibits then constituted
one of the most advanced displays of comparative anatomy, one may
ponder the reasons as to why Lankester's invitations were not taken
up; however, in r 899 Lankester resigned to become Director of the
British Museum (Natural History).
For many decades prior to 1970 the appearance of the central
court, where zoological material was displayed, was grossly overcrowded, the close juxtaposition of display cases and free-standing
exhibits obstructing circulation routes. T h e antiquated presentation of
the displays in their dusty dark cases, lacking both colour and light,
produced an overall effect of fusty Victorian congestion and gloom
typical of a bygone age in the history of museums. T h e 'Grensted
Report' of 1952 had recognized that a comprehensive and costly
overhaul of the displayed material in the court of the Museum was
essential and long overdue. In 1970 Dr. N. Tebble and Mr. K. C.
Davies took practical steps to rectify the labyrinthine appearance of
the central court by reorganising the positions of display cases, and
assisted by zoology teaching staff initiated a continuing programme
of improving the scientific content and appearance of the exhibits.
T h e old-style oak-framed cases, though structurally sound, required
extensive modification in order to modernize their internal and external appearance: as it was decided that the overall dimensions and
the oak used in their construction was ideally suited to blend with
the internal decor of the surrounding court, the original cases lent
themselves well to this modernization. T h e framed and hinged doors
with their additional paraphernalia of strengthening bars, locks,
latches, and screw bolts, the various t
of shelf with their supporting structures all obstructed the view of&e contents of these cases,
giving rise to a cluttered, almost chaotic appearance. In the remodelled
cases, large sliding doors of plate-glass replaced the hinged doors,
allowing ease of access to the cases and permitting an unobstructed
view of the interiors; the case interiors were simplified and the ex-

ternal embellishments were removed to provide display cases with

clean outlines unlikely to distract the attention of the student from
the specimens and texts displayed within them. T h e yellowing handwritten and typed paper labels were replaced by more easily readable
printed or embossed labels of a more permanent nature; variously
coloured backgrounds and internal illumination by fluorescent lighting were added to cases to entice attention, a prime necessity in the
process of communicating visual information. As far as is practical
the refurbished cases have been dust-proofed and all are fitted with
security locks. Surveillance of the exhibits by the security staff has
been aided by the redisposition of cases and circulation around the
exhibits has thereby been vastly improved, while interesting vistas
of the interior of the building can now be seen and enjoyed from
ground level where hitherto unbroken walls of aligned display cases
precluded such aspects.
O n an experimental basis a series of Tutorial exhibits have been
introduced into the central aisle of the Museum court; these deal with
such topics as Animal Phylogeny, Ecology, and the Evolution of
various mammalian groups, etc. One of the objects of these particular
displays is to confine interior labelling and texts to minimum levels
so that the specimens themselves can be seen clearly without a preponderance of labels to distract the eye. I n relation to the minimizing
of descriptive labelling, the Linacre Professor in 1966 expressed to
the Curator of the Zoological Collections his interest in a multichannel recorded commentary apparatus seen on display at a Royal
Society conversazione: this equipment was designed to offset the
apparent reluctance of visitors to museums to read printed descriptive
labels accompanying exhibits, observation having shown that visitors
were far more ready to lift a telephone handset and listen to a recorded
description. At the time it was felt that the expense involved by installing such equipment would be prohibitive; since that time, more
sophisticated equipment of this type has been developed which might
well prove to be a most useful instructional aid when linked with the
Tutorial and other displays. Other interesting possibilities lie in the
use of film-loop projectors in supplementing exhibits, but a certain
amount of caution in introducing such devices into the court is
perhaps advisable, owing to the hazards of mechanical or electrical
failure due to wear and tear, or even vandalism, coupled with the
attendant high cost of repairs and maintenance of such equipment.
At present, detailed Tutorial Texts covering these exhibits have

F.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED W I T H DISPLAY

T H E MUSEUM COURT A N D

been prepared, available in the form of sets of handbooks which may be

borrowed from the library of the Department of Zoology or from the
Curator of the Zoological Collections; these texts are also available in
the form of duplicated 'hand-out' sheets obtainable on request at the
Museum by undergraduates and certain other visitors who require
additional information on the Tutorial displays. These texts have been
prepared with the advice and assistance of the departmental teaching
staff in consultation with the curatorial staff, and when used in
conjunction with the exhibits, obviate the need for interpretation by
a demonstrator or lecturer of the topics dealt with, so that the student
can be self-sufficient in this respect. Although these Tutorial exhibits
are designed primarily for the undergraduate, the much simplified
text labels appearing in the cases have been written with some thought
to the interests of the general public who visit the Museum in steadily
increasing numbers. Systematic displays of invertebrate and ve~ebrate
material, and some associated specialized exhibits, are provided in the
remainder of the central court allocated to the Zoological Collections.
These displays act as semi-permanent demonstrations of the different
animal groups in a classified sequence and are particularly useful for
acquainting the student with the range of organisms in the Animal
Kingdom: this type of display enables teaching material to be exhibited
which is beyond the general range and variety of that utilized in
departmental demonstrations and develops a familiarity with specimens which may be referred to only in theoretical discussions. These
displays are especially useful for revision purposes when departmental
material may not be easily accessible.
Around the periphery of the court are various displays including
those of Ungulate material, exhibits illustrating Cell Biology and,
perhaps the most famous historical exhibit of all, that including the
remains of the Oxford Dodo. One large exhibit illustrating the
Primates, originally prepared with the co-operation of Dr. J. S.
Weiner, then of the Department of Human Anatomy, and his
associates in 1962 has recently been dismantled and is undergoing
revision by the curatorial staff with the assistance of Dr. V. Reynolds
of the Human Anatomy Department (Anthropology) and Dr. C.
In the Upper
Stringer, now of the British Museum (N$t&,History).
Arcade, a comprehensive exhibition of British Birds provides a useful
source of reference and interest for ornithologists, and the skeleton
of Giles Covington, publicly hanged at Oxford Gaol in 1791, is
exhibited as a subject of local interest.

Many of the free-standing exhibits in the central court of the

Museum have been cleaned and renovated, while the original cumbersome and age-darkened bases on which they once stood have now been
replaced by new attractive light oak plinths more in keeping with the
style of the modernized display cases surrounding them; the exhibits
so treated include the Iguanodon and other casts of fossil specimens,
the Tunny skeleton, the mounted skins and skeletons of reptiles,
extinct and extant representatives of the giant flightless birds, and a
fine series of complete skeletons of ungulates, frequently in use for
bone comparison and reference by zoologists, geologists, and archae*
logists. T h e close proximity of the Geological Collections and the
fossil vertebrate and invertebrate material exhibited in the adjoining
arcades and galleries of the Museum court is especially useful in
linking the disciplines of Zoology and Palaeontology for the undergraduate student.
Around the edge of the court are placed various miscellaneous
exhibits including some invertebrates and a few birds and mammals,
but these are to be considered as only temporary placements pending
further rationalization and reorganization of the exhibited Collections.
T h e current overall exhibition policy is flexible and amenable to change
when this is considered desirable or advantageous.
It is worth noting that a further problem arises due to the glass
roof of the Museum: the roof causes considerable difficultiesin that
reflection of light from polished plate-glass surfaces leads to the
mirrored image of the roof tending to obscure displays arranged in
flat-topped table cases unless the case is suitably canopied or the plane
of the glass surfice angled to reduce this effkt, as h& been done in
certain modified cases. Upright cases with vertical glass surfaces are
also affected by cross-reflections caused by the excess of overhead
daylight, and ideally the glass surfaces of such cases requires positioning
to increase the angle of incidence.
Most modern museums possess air-conditioning and the means of
controlling their internal physical environment so that temperature,
humidity, dust, and light can be monitored and controlled to provide
the stable ambient conditions calculated to ensure the most advantageous environment for the preservation of both exhibited and stored
specimens. Modern amenities such as these are almost totally lacking
in the University Museum in which, because of the nature and design
of the building, their provision would prove extremely difficult and
costly.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED W I T H DISPLAY

T H E MUSEUM COURT A N D

been prepared, available in the form of sets of handbooks which may be

borrowed from the library of the Department of Zoology or from the
Curator of the Zoological Collections; these texts are also available in
the form of duplicated 'hand-out' sheets obtainable on request at the
Museum by undergraduates and certain other visitors who require
additional information on the Tutorial displays. These texts have been
prepared with the advice and assistance of the departmental teaching
staff in consultation with the curatorial staff, and when used in
conjunction with the exhibits, obviate the need for interpretation by
a demonstrator or lecturer of the topics dealt with, so that the student
can be self-sufficient in this respect. Although these Tutorial exhibits
are designed primarily for the undergraduate, the much simplified
text labels appearing in the cases have been written with some thought
to the interests of the general public who visit the Museum in steadily
increasing numbers. Systematic displays of invertebrate and ve~ebrate
material, and some associated specialized exhibits, are provided in the
remainder of the central court allocated to the Zoological Collections.
These displays act as semi-permanent demonstrations of the different
animal groups in a classified sequence and are particularly useful for
acquainting the student with the range of organisms in the Animal
Kingdom: this type of display enables teaching material to be exhibited
which is beyond the general range and variety of that utilized in
departmental demonstrations and develops a familiarity with specimens which may be referred to only in theoretical discussions. These
displays are especially useful for revision purposes when departmental
material may not be easily accessible.
Around the periphery of the court are various displays including
those of Ungulate material, exhibits illustrating Cell Biology and,
perhaps the most famous historical exhibit of all, that including the
remains of the Oxford Dodo. One large exhibit illustrating the
Primates, originally prepared with the co-operation of Dr. J. S.
Weiner, then of the Department of Human Anatomy, and his
associates in 1962 has recently been dismantled and is undergoing
revision by the curatorial staff with the assistance of Dr. V. Reynolds
of the Human Anatomy Department (Anthropology) and Dr. C.
In the Upper
Stringer, now of the British Museum (N$t&,History).
Arcade, a comprehensive exhibition of British Birds provides a useful
source of reference and interest for ornithologists, and the skeleton
of Giles Covington, publicly hanged at Oxford Gaol in 1791, is
exhibited as a subject of local interest.

Many of the free-standing exhibits in the central court of the

Museum have been cleaned and renovated, while the original cumbersome and age-darkened bases on which they once stood have now been
replaced by new attractive light oak plinths more in keeping with the
style of the modernized display cases surrounding them; the exhibits
so treated include the Iguanodon and other casts of fossil specimens,
the Tunny skeleton, the mounted skins and skeletons of reptiles,
extinct and extant representatives of the giant flightless birds, and a
fine series of complete skeletons of ungulates, frequently in use for
bone comparison and reference by zoologists, geologists, and archae*
logists. T h e close proximity of the Geological Collections and the
fossil vertebrate and invertebrate material exhibited in the adjoining
arcades and galleries of the Museum court is especially useful in
linking the disciplines of Zoology and Palaeontology for the undergraduate student.
Around the edge of the court are placed various miscellaneous
exhibits including some invertebrates and a few birds and mammals,
but these are to be considered as only temporary placements pending
further rationalization and reorganization of the exhibited Collections.
T h e current overall exhibition policy is flexible and amenable to change
when this is considered desirable or advantageous.
It is worth noting that a further problem arises due to the glass
roof of the Museum: the roof causes considerable difficultiesin that
reflection of light from polished plate-glass surfaces leads to the
mirrored image of the roof tending to obscure displays arranged in
flat-topped table cases unless the case is suitably canopied or the plane
of the glass surfice angled to reduce this effkt, as h& been done in
certain modified cases. Upright cases with vertical glass surfaces are
also affected by cross-reflections caused by the excess of overhead
daylight, and ideally the glass surfaces of such cases requires positioning
to increase the angle of incidence.
Most modern museums possess air-conditioning and the means of
controlling their internal physical environment so that temperature,
humidity, dust, and light can be monitored and controlled to provide
the stable ambient conditions calculated to ensure the most advantageous environment for the preservation of both exhibited and stored
specimens. Modern amenities such as these are almost totally lacking
in the University Museum in which, because of the nature and design
of the building, their provision would prove extremely difficult and
costly.

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

T H E ACCOMMODATION AND
CURATION O F T H E
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
T H E collections of material comprising the Zoological Collections
are preserved by many different methods but are divisible broadly into
two main types, the 'dry' specimens, including such preparations as
skins, skeletons, mollusc shells, birds* eggs, and some dried preparations of invertebrates, and the 'pickled* preparations maintained in fluid
preservative within glass bottles and tanks. Each type of preparation
requires a different means of storage, arrangement, and curation and,
ideally, each should be maintained in an environment best suited to
that type of material.
In the following survey of the storage arrangements and curatorial
work carried out on the Zoological Collections details are gathered
from Annual Reports (noted [AR]), and the various records maintained by the unit.
The Spirit ('Pickled') Collections
In 1956 a Special Grant enabled the complete renovation of the
three Vertebrate Spirit Cellars which after plastering and equipping with
new shelving were fully operational by 1961 [AR]. At this time the
Invertebrate Spirit collections were housed on shelves around the
Museum Preparation Rooms. O n completion of new cellar stores
below the north end of the west front of the Museum in 1960 the
Vertebrate spirit stores were transferred into them, the cellar stores
so vacated being utilized for the storage of the Invertebrate Spirit
Stores in 1962.Removal of specimens to the new stores was in both
cases preceded by the preparation of classified lists of material, enabling
the specimens to be sorted and shelved in zoologically classified sequences. This work was carried out by the technical staff under the
general direction of Dr. A. 3. Cain in 1960and Dr. D. Nichols in
1962[AR]. Subsequently, classified lists *genera
represented in
each store were p r ~ d these
;
lists were revised in 1966 when
an alphabetical index'was provided for each, and together with detailed
shelf labelling, greatly facilitate the finding and replacement of
specimens.

Within these two cellar stores the bottles are housed on wooden
shelving in single rows wherever this is practicable; by the avoidance
of 'double-banking' of bottles the inspection of stored material and the
noting of specimens requiring attention or maintenance is facilitated.
Bottles containing type material are signalled by the use of bands of
red adhesive tape. As specimens in regular use by the Department of
Zoology are now kept within that Department, their removal has to a
certain extent eased pressure on the limited amount of storage space
available, but with changing teaching requirements some provision
must be made for the return to Museum stores of such material as is
no longer used for regular class teaching. T h e capacity of both of
these cellar stores is limited and little space is now available for the
accommodation of new material. In both stores there remains a large
quantity of material which still awaits identification and curation; as
such curatorial work is undertaken this material, due to the necessary
separation and rebottling of mixed groups of specimens, requires
correspondingly more shelf space.
Although the temperature in these cellars is cooler than elsewhere
in the Museum, evaporation of preservative spirit occurs at a fairly
rapid rate, necessitating regular surveillance by the technical staff
with 'topping-up' of bottles as required. T h e cellarsare surprisingly free
of dust and on the whole may be considered satisfactory, though not
ideal, for the purpose they serve. At present they are equipped with
tungsten lighting which is barely adequate, but it is hoped that in
the future this form of illumination may be replaced by fluorescent
lighting.
Access to the spirit store cellars is normally restricted to members
of the staff,and students are not admitted unless supervised by Museum
staff, departmental demonstrators, or senior members of the Department of Zoology teaching staff. In order to facilitate work on the
spirit collections, as for research or maintenance operations, rooms
adjacent to these stores are available for such purposes, that in the
Invertebrate cellar stores being used also for the storage of stocks of
bottles and museum jars. Details of curatorial work carried out on the
groups represented in the cellar stores appear in the notes dealing with
the various animal groups.
Invertebrates (General)
In 1971 Miss F. S. Clarke was employed as a research assistant to
prepare a Catalogue of the Invertebrates in the Spirit Collection [AR].

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

T H E ACCOMMODATION AND
CURATION O F T H E
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
T H E collections of material comprising the Zoological Collections
are preserved by many different methods but are divisible broadly into
two main types, the 'dry' specimens, including such preparations as
skins, skeletons, mollusc shells, birds* eggs, and some dried preparations of invertebrates, and the 'pickled* preparations maintained in fluid
preservative within glass bottles and tanks. Each type of preparation
requires a different means of storage, arrangement, and curation and,
ideally, each should be maintained in an environment best suited to
that type of material.
In the following survey of the storage arrangements and curatorial
work carried out on the Zoological Collections details are gathered
from Annual Reports (noted [AR]), and the various records maintained by the unit.
The Spirit ('Pickled') Collections
In 1956 a Special Grant enabled the complete renovation of the
three Vertebrate Spirit Cellars which after plastering and equipping with
new shelving were fully operational by 1961 [AR]. At this time the
Invertebrate Spirit collections were housed on shelves around the
Museum Preparation Rooms. O n completion of new cellar stores
below the north end of the west front of the Museum in 1960 the
Vertebrate spirit stores were transferred into them, the cellar stores
so vacated being utilized for the storage of the Invertebrate Spirit
Stores in 1962.Removal of specimens to the new stores was in both
cases preceded by the preparation of classified lists of material, enabling
the specimens to be sorted and shelved in zoologically classified sequences. This work was carried out by the technical staff under the
general direction of Dr. A. 3. Cain in 1960and Dr. D. Nichols in
1962[AR]. Subsequently, classified lists *genera
represented in
each store were p r ~ d these
;
lists were revised in 1966 when
an alphabetical index'was provided for each, and together with detailed
shelf labelling, greatly facilitate the finding and replacement of
specimens.

Within these two cellar stores the bottles are housed on wooden
shelving in single rows wherever this is practicable; by the avoidance
of 'double-banking' of bottles the inspection of stored material and the
noting of specimens requiring attention or maintenance is facilitated.
Bottles containing type material are signalled by the use of bands of
red adhesive tape. As specimens in regular use by the Department of
Zoology are now kept within that Department, their removal has to a
certain extent eased pressure on the limited amount of storage space
available, but with changing teaching requirements some provision
must be made for the return to Museum stores of such material as is
no longer used for regular class teaching. T h e capacity of both of
these cellar stores is limited and little space is now available for the
accommodation of new material. In both stores there remains a large
quantity of material which still awaits identification and curation; as
such curatorial work is undertaken this material, due to the necessary
separation and rebottling of mixed groups of specimens, requires
correspondingly more shelf space.
Although the temperature in these cellars is cooler than elsewhere
in the Museum, evaporation of preservative spirit occurs at a fairly
rapid rate, necessitating regular surveillance by the technical staff
with 'topping-up' of bottles as required. T h e cellarsare surprisingly free
of dust and on the whole may be considered satisfactory, though not
ideal, for the purpose they serve. At present they are equipped with
tungsten lighting which is barely adequate, but it is hoped that in
the future this form of illumination may be replaced by fluorescent
lighting.
Access to the spirit store cellars is normally restricted to members
of the staff,and students are not admitted unless supervised by Museum
staff, departmental demonstrators, or senior members of the Department of Zoology teaching staff. In order to facilitate work on the
spirit collections, as for research or maintenance operations, rooms
adjacent to these stores are available for such purposes, that in the
Invertebrate cellar stores being used also for the storage of stocks of
bottles and museum jars. Details of curatorial work carried out on the
groups represented in the cellar stores appear in the notes dealing with
the various animal groups.
Invertebrates (General)
In 1971 Miss F. S. Clarke was employed as a research assistant to
prepare a Catalogue of the Invertebrates in the Spirit Collection [AR].

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

THE Z O O L O G I C A L COLLECTIONS

At this time, only previously catalogued material was recorded, and no

attempt was made to identify unnamed specimens.

widely dispersed number of positions, no convenient place was

available for workers carrying out research on the shell collections,
and proper security of the collections could not be adequately maintained, the possibility of theft being a serious hazard which, considering
the increasing value of shells in the commercial collectors' market,
cannot be ignored.
While some collections remain as discrete entities, as does for
example the Turton Collection of Marine Shells of Port Alfred,
S. Africa, which includes over 400 type specimens, some of the older
collections, or parts of them, including shells of the Ashmolean,
Trevelyan, and Harvey Collections, were amalgamated into a teaching
series for use in class work. A special Mollusc Shell Room has now been
set aside in which a large part of the shell collections are housed and
where some facilities exist for work to be carried out on them.
Work on &e Mollusc Shell Collections, as shown in successive
Annual Reports, has been piecemeal: in 1907[AR] a large mahogany
cabinet containing the Harvey Collection was overhauled and the
specimens arranged as a typical student series by Mr. H. B. Gray
the Museum technician, supervised by Professor G. C. Bourne.
Additional drawers of the collection were also revised at the time,
including the genera Strombus, Murex, Ranella, Triton, Pyrula,
Ficula, Cassis, Oniscia, Harpa, Purpurea, Oliva, Yoluta, Cymbium,
Melo, Conus (part), and Cypraea (part), but the Lamellibranchia and
Cephalopoda were not completed. T h e valuable shell Collections of
Barlee and Trevelyan were also overhauled and put in order as far as
time allowed.
By 1908all specimens of the genus Cypraea and large numbers of
Conus had been renamed and rearranged by another worker, H. 0. N.
Shaw, who in 1909 verified all the specimens of Conus and also
overhauled portions of the Pascoe Collection whilst eliminating
deteriorated specimens.
Dr. A. J. Cain commenced working on the shell collections in
1949, inspecting the Elliott Collection and commencing an index
to the specimens; he also gathered together from the various collections the shells of the family Neritidae which were removed from
wooden plaques and stored within envelopes in drawers. In the same
year Mr. Hull prepared a general inventory of specimens within the
majority of the collections and produced an index of genera, indicating
in which of the numerous Museum localities they were then stored.
T h e contents of 32 drawers of principally British shells of the

T h e dry sponge preparations then housed in cupboards below the

display cases in the court were listed in 1956.I n 1966 Miss J. E.
Dawson, Assistant Curator, prepared a list of all sponges in the
collections [AR].
Cnidaria (Coelenterata)
T h e store collection of Coelenterata was rearranged and unnamed
specimens were identified in 1909 [AR]. I n 1956 the dry corals
housed below display cases were listed.
+

Plaiyhelminthes
I n 1953 Miss J. Hennessy and Miss N. Lonsdale, students in the
Department of Zoology, inspected the collections, prepared lists of the
specimens, and revised their nomenclature. This revision of names was
not then extended to revision of labels or catalogue entries.
Annelida
T h e Polychaeta also were revised in 1953 by Miss Hennessy and
Miss Lonsdale. In 1956 Dr. A. J. Cain began a taxonomic revision
of the Oligochaeta in the Collections CAR], and in 1963a list of the
type specimens of Oligochaeta was prepared.
Mollusca
T h e Zoological Collections possess many large and valuable collections of shells, although in many instances the specimens are doubtfully or wrongly named. In many of the older collections the shells
bear no labels giving the locality or date of their collection, and in
general the storage arrangement of many collections does not conform
to modern principles of classification. Until a few years ago the various
cabinets and boxes of shells were dispersed throughout the Museum
in over a dozen different localities in varicms ,ppms, corridors, the
arcades around the ten@ court, and in cupboards and drawers below
exhibition cases. hi& situation was highly unsatisfactory in that
locating particular collections was difficult, inspection of specimens
of any genus or species entailed the location of specimens from a

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

THE Z O O L O G I C A L COLLECTIONS

At this time, only previously catalogued material was recorded, and no

attempt was made to identify unnamed specimens.

widely dispersed number of positions, no convenient place was

available for workers carrying out research on the shell collections,
and proper security of the collections could not be adequately maintained, the possibility of theft being a serious hazard which, considering
the increasing value of shells in the commercial collectors' market,
cannot be ignored.
While some collections remain as discrete entities, as does for
example the Turton Collection of Marine Shells of Port Alfred,
S. Africa, which includes over 400 type specimens, some of the older
collections, or parts of them, including shells of the Ashmolean,
Trevelyan, and Harvey Collections, were amalgamated into a teaching
series for use in class work. A special Mollusc Shell Room has now been
set aside in which a large part of the shell collections are housed and
where some facilities exist for work to be carried out on them.
Work on &e Mollusc Shell Collections, as shown in successive
Annual Reports, has been piecemeal: in 1907[AR] a large mahogany
cabinet containing the Harvey Collection was overhauled and the
specimens arranged as a typical student series by Mr. H. B. Gray
the Museum technician, supervised by Professor G. C. Bourne.
Additional drawers of the collection were also revised at the time,
including the genera Strombus, Murex, Ranella, Triton, Pyrula,
Ficula, Cassis, Oniscia, Harpa, Purpurea, Oliva, Yoluta, Cymbium,
Melo, Conus (part), and Cypraea (part), but the Lamellibranchia and
Cephalopoda were not completed. T h e valuable shell Collections of
Barlee and Trevelyan were also overhauled and put in order as far as
time allowed.
By 1908all specimens of the genus Cypraea and large numbers of
Conus had been renamed and rearranged by another worker, H. 0. N.
Shaw, who in 1909 verified all the specimens of Conus and also
overhauled portions of the Pascoe Collection whilst eliminating
deteriorated specimens.
Dr. A. J. Cain commenced working on the shell collections in
1949, inspecting the Elliott Collection and commencing an index
to the specimens; he also gathered together from the various collections the shells of the family Neritidae which were removed from
wooden plaques and stored within envelopes in drawers. In the same
year Mr. Hull prepared a general inventory of specimens within the
majority of the collections and produced an index of genera, indicating
in which of the numerous Museum localities they were then stored.
T h e contents of 32 drawers of principally British shells of the

T h e dry sponge preparations then housed in cupboards below the

display cases in the court were listed in 1956.I n 1966 Miss J. E.
Dawson, Assistant Curator, prepared a list of all sponges in the
collections [AR].
Cnidaria (Coelenterata)
T h e store collection of Coelenterata was rearranged and unnamed
specimens were identified in 1909 [AR]. I n 1956 the dry corals
housed below display cases were listed.
+

Plaiyhelminthes
I n 1953 Miss J. Hennessy and Miss N. Lonsdale, students in the
Department of Zoology, inspected the collections, prepared lists of the
specimens, and revised their nomenclature. This revision of names was
not then extended to revision of labels or catalogue entries.
Annelida
T h e Polychaeta also were revised in 1953 by Miss Hennessy and
Miss Lonsdale. In 1956 Dr. A. J. Cain began a taxonomic revision
of the Oligochaeta in the Collections CAR], and in 1963a list of the
type specimens of Oligochaeta was prepared.
Mollusca
T h e Zoological Collections possess many large and valuable collections of shells, although in many instances the specimens are doubtfully or wrongly named. In many of the older collections the shells
bear no labels giving the locality or date of their collection, and in
general the storage arrangement of many collections does not conform
to modern principles of classification. Until a few years ago the various
cabinets and boxes of shells were dispersed throughout the Museum
in over a dozen different localities in varicms ,ppms, corridors, the
arcades around the ten@ court, and in cupboards and drawers below
exhibition cases. hi& situation was highly unsatisfactory in that
locating particular collections was difficult, inspection of specimens
of any genus or species entailed the location of specimens from a

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL C O L L E C T I O N S
I

Trevelyan Collection were disposed of as being of no further value in

1950. Specimens of Perten from various collections were in 1951
revised by Dr. F. K. North of the Department of Geology, and in the
same year Dr. Cain gathered together and revised specimens of the
British Unionacea. Between 1952 and 1962 a number of additional
storage cabinets were obtained and used mainly for housing the
research collection of Cepea shells collected by Dr. Cain; these cabinets
also housed the Carpenter Collection of British Land and Freshwater
Molluscs, checked and relabelled by Mr. G. E. Widdup, and part of
the A. P. Gardiner Collection. T h e British Littorinidae of the
Gardiner Collection were boxed, labelled, and listed in 1958 by
Mr. J. B. Davies, temporarily an assistant curator, who continued
this work in 1959 with the assistance of Mr. D. P. T. Burke. During
1969 and 1970, under the supervision of the Curator, Dr. N. Tebble,
a number of old cabinets containing shells principally of the Ashmolean, Harvey, and Trevelyan Collections were overhauled, the
shells being removed and rearranged in a systematic order within those
cabinets left vacant following the removal by Dr. Cain of his research
collection of Cepea shells, and were labelled as fully as possible, many
being placed within plastic bags for protection. A number of shells
lacking names and data were considered to be of no further value and
were removed and thrown away.
At the present time the Mollusc Shell Collections require a complete and thorough overhaul and reclassification, a task which will
require a considerable amount of expertise and will no doubt take a
lengthy period of time to bring to completion.
Crustacea
T h e Gurney Collection, consisting largely of larval Decapoda, was
inspected, listed, and re-bottled in 1949, the presence of apparent
type material being then noted.
I n 1962 a large collection of spirit-preserved Crustacea of the
Hope, Bell, and other Collections was transferred from the Hope
Department to the Zoological Collections [AR]. This collection of
material, which included also specimens of other phyla, had been
were unsuitable
kept in assorted bottles and small tubes most of *ch
for long-term storage and as a result showed evidence of deterioration
of both specimens and labelling. Curation of this collection was
undertaken in 1962 by Mr. Hull, resumed in 1968 and again in 1973.
At the present time, inspection, listing, accession, labelling and,

where necessary, restoration of the Crustacean specimens of this

collection is almost complete; type and suspected type material has
been rediscovered, mainly within the Bell Collection, which Collection
also includes many specimens collected by Charles Darwin, many of
these bearing labels giving collection numbers. Correspondence with
Dr. Sydney Smith of Cambridge indicates that these numbers are
referable to Darwin's collecting notebooks, and it is anticipated that
details of the relevant data on these specimens will become available
in the near future. All bottle labels from this Crustacea collection,
many of which had become eroded or faded and required examination
by ultra-violet light, are preserved on file.
In 1975 the Hope Collections of dried Crustacea were taken
over by the Zoological Collections, though for the present the various
cabinets housing them remain within the Hope Department. T h e task
of inspecting, listing, curating, and identifying these dry Collections
was commenced voluntarily in January 1976 by Mr. Angelo Di
Mauro, a visitor from T h e University of Connecticut. T o date,
large numbers of Bell's types have been located within this material,
which also contains specimens collected by Charles Darwin.
Echinodermata
T h e entire series of Echinodermata then stored were in 1895
thoroughly examined, named, labelled, and catalogued by Dr. Benham [AR]. In 1965 the Ophiuroid specimens were revised by Mr.
A. Fontaine, a visiting research worker in the Department of Zoology
[AR]. T h e stored collections of dried material in this group were
listed in 1969, and early in 1974 were re-examined and, where
necessary, renamed by Miss Susan Oldfield, Queen Mary College,
London.
Chordata (Ascidiacea)
T h e collections of specimens were inspected and listed in 1964 by
Miss Rosemary Lee, a research worker in the Department of Zoology.

Yertebrates (General)
I n 1972 lists were prepared by inspection of all the contents of the
store cupboards remaining below display cases in the court, the work
being carried out by the technical staff and Miss C. Hull, a volunteer
worker.

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL C O L L E C T I O N S
I

Trevelyan Collection were disposed of as being of no further value in

1950. Specimens of Perten from various collections were in 1951
revised by Dr. F. K. North of the Department of Geology, and in the
same year Dr. Cain gathered together and revised specimens of the
British Unionacea. Between 1952 and 1962 a number of additional
storage cabinets were obtained and used mainly for housing the
research collection of Cepea shells collected by Dr. Cain; these cabinets
also housed the Carpenter Collection of British Land and Freshwater
Molluscs, checked and relabelled by Mr. G. E. Widdup, and part of
the A. P. Gardiner Collection. T h e British Littorinidae of the
Gardiner Collection were boxed, labelled, and listed in 1958 by
Mr. J. B. Davies, temporarily an assistant curator, who continued
this work in 1959 with the assistance of Mr. D. P. T. Burke. During
1969 and 1970, under the supervision of the Curator, Dr. N. Tebble,
a number of old cabinets containing shells principally of the Ashmolean, Harvey, and Trevelyan Collections were overhauled, the
shells being removed and rearranged in a systematic order within those
cabinets left vacant following the removal by Dr. Cain of his research
collection of Cepea shells, and were labelled as fully as possible, many
being placed within plastic bags for protection. A number of shells
lacking names and data were considered to be of no further value and
were removed and thrown away.
At the present time the Mollusc Shell Collections require a complete and thorough overhaul and reclassification, a task which will
require a considerable amount of expertise and will no doubt take a
lengthy period of time to bring to completion.
Crustacea
T h e Gurney Collection, consisting largely of larval Decapoda, was
inspected, listed, and re-bottled in 1949, the presence of apparent
type material being then noted.
I n 1962 a large collection of spirit-preserved Crustacea of the
Hope, Bell, and other Collections was transferred from the Hope
Department to the Zoological Collections [AR]. This collection of
material, which included also specimens of other phyla, had been
were unsuitable
kept in assorted bottles and small tubes most of *ch
for long-term storage and as a result showed evidence of deterioration
of both specimens and labelling. Curation of this collection was
undertaken in 1962 by Mr. Hull, resumed in 1968 and again in 1973.
At the present time, inspection, listing, accession, labelling and,

where necessary, restoration of the Crustacean specimens of this

collection is almost complete; type and suspected type material has
been rediscovered, mainly within the Bell Collection, which Collection
also includes many specimens collected by Charles Darwin, many of
these bearing labels giving collection numbers. Correspondence with
Dr. Sydney Smith of Cambridge indicates that these numbers are
referable to Darwin's collecting notebooks, and it is anticipated that
details of the relevant data on these specimens will become available
in the near future. All bottle labels from this Crustacea collection,
many of which had become eroded or faded and required examination
by ultra-violet light, are preserved on file.
In 1975 the Hope Collections of dried Crustacea were taken
over by the Zoological Collections, though for the present the various
cabinets housing them remain within the Hope Department. T h e task
of inspecting, listing, curating, and identifying these dry Collections
was commenced voluntarily in January 1976 by Mr. Angelo Di
Mauro, a visitor from T h e University of Connecticut. T o date,
large numbers of Bell's types have been located within this material,
which also contains specimens collected by Charles Darwin.
Echinodermata
T h e entire series of Echinodermata then stored were in 1895
thoroughly examined, named, labelled, and catalogued by Dr. Benham [AR]. In 1965 the Ophiuroid specimens were revised by Mr.
A. Fontaine, a visiting research worker in the Department of Zoology
[AR]. T h e stored collections of dried material in this group were
listed in 1969, and early in 1974 were re-examined and, where
necessary, renamed by Miss Susan Oldfield, Queen Mary College,
London.
Chordata (Ascidiacea)
T h e collections of specimens were inspected and listed in 1964 by
Miss Rosemary Lee, a research worker in the Department of Zoology.

Yertebrates (General)
I n 1972 lists were prepared by inspection of all the contents of the
store cupboards remaining below display cases in the court, the work
being carried out by the technical staff and Miss C. Hull, a volunteer
worker.

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

THE Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

Yertebrates (the Osteological Collections)

A great quantity of osteological material in the form of articulated
skeletons, skulls, disarticulated bones, etc., is maintained in the
Zoological Collections. Much of this material has been derived
originally from the Ashmolean and the Christ Church Museum
Collections; subsequently, much material has been added from
various sources.
For many years a collection of osteological material was set aside
for use in teaching by the Department of Zoology; this 'Teaching
Collection' included considerable numbers of specimens illustrative
of the major vertebrate classes and was in constant use. Wear and tear
on this material was considerable and necessitated at least an annual
programme of check and repair by the Museum staff. As a result of
the departure of the Department of Zoology to its new building and
changes in the nature of the courses taught there, a somewhat reduced
number of dsteological specimens deemed essential for teaching are
now housed in that Department.
Revision of the displays in the Museum court with elimination of
the old displays of comparative anatomy has led to the removal from
the court of large numbers of skeletons and other osteological preparations formerly exhibited. Such changes have inevitably led to
congestion and difficulty in the accommodation of osteological material
in the stores, and while material from former displays is housed in
rooms where it may still be viewed by supervised groups of undergraduates for purposes of revision or by research workers, it cannot be
said to be stored in an organized manner. Surplus teaching specimens,
displaced exhibits, and reserve material are at present stored in various
rooms and cupboards throughout the area occupied by the Zoological
Collections, their present disposition being a matter of expediency
rather than of systematic arrangement, and subject to alteration
whenever space is needed to carry out room conversion or alterations.
Some of this osteological material is housed in cupboards below
display cases in the court of the Museum, such specimens including
the skulls and skeletons of fishes, birds, and mpmals; other material
is housed temporarily in small rooms wher&c@sibility is minimal,
articulated skeletons of birds are housed partly in the Birds' Egg
Collections Room, and as a matter of convenience, the skulls of
mammals connected with skins held in the collections are kept
in the Mammal Skin Store. A collection of some 50 human crania, a

selection of human racial types made from a vast collection gathered

together by Professor Rolleston, is housed in cupboards in the court:
a collection of plaster heads and busts illustrating the racial types of
man, removed from the floor below exhibition cases because of damage,
was for a long time stored in a service tunnel beneath the Museum
court where it suffered even greater harm until removed recently to
a safer place.
T h e osteological material discussed in the foregoing has for many
years been in regular if not frequent use: in addition there exists a
large reserve of osteological material stored within two attic rooms
where for many years it has remained in a state of neglect, much of it
unsorted, uncatalogued, and in some instances untouched and unexamined since it was first placed there. In the 1950s an attempt was
made to institute a more orderly storage arrangement of the specimens
stored in these loft rooms. Some additional cupboards were provided,
and in order to free cupboard and floor space many specimens of
heads, horns, and antlers were suspended from the roof beams. T h e
remainder of the material in these reserve stores, contained in a variety
of crates, wooden store boxes, tins, and packages, was sorted into
groups of the various vertebrate classes and placed on available shelving or stacked upon the floor or upon trestle tables, thereby improving
to a certain extent the accessibility of the material.
T h e general condition of the loft stores area with its lack of heating,
inadequate lighting, dirty dust-laden atmosphere, and lack of proper
accommodation, for years gave rise to consternation and anxiety
concerning the care of the material stored therein, but only within
the last two years were steps taken to remedy this appalling state of
affairs. During the past two years the smaller loft room has been
redecorated and. provided with linoleum floor covering and
proper lighting, while similar renovation of the larger room has
recently been completed; a small adjoining room, formerly occupied
by a large disused water tank into which had been piled large specimens too unwieldy for storage elsewhere, has also been stripped,
provided with a proper floor, and redecorated for use as an additional
store. Curation of osteological material within the loft stores, commenced by Mr. K. C. Davies in 1975, was of necessity suspended
during this work of renovation.
Only a small proportion of the bulk of osteological material in
the care of the Zoological Collections has been adequately catalogued
and labelled; specimens of the orders Chelonia and Marsupialia have

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

THE Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S

Yertebrates (the Osteological Collections)

A great quantity of osteological material in the form of articulated
skeletons, skulls, disarticulated bones, etc., is maintained in the
Zoological Collections. Much of this material has been derived
originally from the Ashmolean and the Christ Church Museum
Collections; subsequently, much material has been added from
various sources.
For many years a collection of osteological material was set aside
for use in teaching by the Department of Zoology; this 'Teaching
Collection' included considerable numbers of specimens illustrative
of the major vertebrate classes and was in constant use. Wear and tear
on this material was considerable and necessitated at least an annual
programme of check and repair by the Museum staff. As a result of
the departure of the Department of Zoology to its new building and
changes in the nature of the courses taught there, a somewhat reduced
number of dsteological specimens deemed essential for teaching are
now housed in that Department.
Revision of the displays in the Museum court with elimination of
the old displays of comparative anatomy has led to the removal from
the court of large numbers of skeletons and other osteological preparations formerly exhibited. Such changes have inevitably led to
congestion and difficulty in the accommodation of osteological material
in the stores, and while material from former displays is housed in
rooms where it may still be viewed by supervised groups of undergraduates for purposes of revision or by research workers, it cannot be
said to be stored in an organized manner. Surplus teaching specimens,
displaced exhibits, and reserve material are at present stored in various
rooms and cupboards throughout the area occupied by the Zoological
Collections, their present disposition being a matter of expediency
rather than of systematic arrangement, and subject to alteration
whenever space is needed to carry out room conversion or alterations.
Some of this osteological material is housed in cupboards below
display cases in the court of the Museum, such specimens including
the skulls and skeletons of fishes, birds, and mpmals; other material
is housed temporarily in small rooms wher&c@sibility is minimal,
articulated skeletons of birds are housed partly in the Birds' Egg
Collections Room, and as a matter of convenience, the skulls of
mammals connected with skins held in the collections are kept
in the Mammal Skin Store. A collection of some 50 human crania, a

selection of human racial types made from a vast collection gathered

together by Professor Rolleston, is housed in cupboards in the court:
a collection of plaster heads and busts illustrating the racial types of
man, removed from the floor below exhibition cases because of damage,
was for a long time stored in a service tunnel beneath the Museum
court where it suffered even greater harm until removed recently to
a safer place.
T h e osteological material discussed in the foregoing has for many
years been in regular if not frequent use: in addition there exists a
large reserve of osteological material stored within two attic rooms
where for many years it has remained in a state of neglect, much of it
unsorted, uncatalogued, and in some instances untouched and unexamined since it was first placed there. In the 1950s an attempt was
made to institute a more orderly storage arrangement of the specimens
stored in these loft rooms. Some additional cupboards were provided,
and in order to free cupboard and floor space many specimens of
heads, horns, and antlers were suspended from the roof beams. T h e
remainder of the material in these reserve stores, contained in a variety
of crates, wooden store boxes, tins, and packages, was sorted into
groups of the various vertebrate classes and placed on available shelving or stacked upon the floor or upon trestle tables, thereby improving
to a certain extent the accessibility of the material.
T h e general condition of the loft stores area with its lack of heating,
inadequate lighting, dirty dust-laden atmosphere, and lack of proper
accommodation, for years gave rise to consternation and anxiety
concerning the care of the material stored therein, but only within
the last two years were steps taken to remedy this appalling state of
affairs. During the past two years the smaller loft room has been
redecorated and. provided with linoleum floor covering and
proper lighting, while similar renovation of the larger room has
recently been completed; a small adjoining room, formerly occupied
by a large disused water tank into which had been piled large specimens too unwieldy for storage elsewhere, has also been stripped,
provided with a proper floor, and redecorated for use as an additional
store. Curation of osteological material within the loft stores, commenced by Mr. K. C. Davies in 1975, was of necessity suspended
during this work of renovation.
Only a small proportion of the bulk of osteological material in
the care of the Zoological Collections has been adequately catalogued
and labelled; specimens of the orders Chelonia and Marsupialia have

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

been accessed fully, and within the past twenty years various lists
have been compiled of material held within certain vertebrate groups,
generally as the result of research inquiries carried out in response
to questionnaires, etc., received from other institutions. Collation of
information and data on specimens together with the rationalization
of storage of osteological material will enable proper curation and
accession to be carried out and is part of the immediate curatorial
programme aimed at rendering such material readily available for
inspection and research purposes.

this collection was subsequently returned to the Zoological Collections

in 1973 [AR].

Pisces (Fishes)
T h e labelling and classification of the large collection of fishes preserved in spirit commenced in 1909 under the superintendence of
E. S. Goodrich [AR]. T h e Annual Report of 1956 indicates that
Mr. M. H. Williamson, then a demonstrator in the Department of
Zoology, catalogued the Elasmobranchia, but although a systematic
list of the families of the group was compiled, only a rough and incomplete list of specimens held in the Collections was compiled by a
junior laboratory technician; no cataloguing of specimens was
attempted and the work was abandoned. In 1968two members of the
Museum technical staff, Mr. Hull and Mr. R. L. Manuel, carried
out the identification and accession of some 800 spirit-preserved
specimens hitherto uncatalogued, many of which had remained
unexamined since their arrival in the Museum c. 1876.A selection of
those fishes collected by the O.U. Expedition to British Guiana,
1959,was accessed at this time and added to the collections for possible
use in teaching. I n order to accommodate this newly acquired material
the racks and shelves within this section of the spirit store cellars
were extensively modified and expanded, enabling a recently revised
classification of teleost fishes to be adopted therein.
During 19683 the dried fish material, including osteological
and skin preparations, was gathered together by Mr. J. M. Mendelssohn and Mr. R. L. Manuel for sorting and identification, but this
work was abandoned before completion.
T h e bulk of the extensive collection of$r&ved fishes from
British Guiana, presented to the Zoological Collections in 1967 but
not then accessed, was in I972 transferred to the British Museum
(Natural History) at the request of the collector, Dr. N. R. Liley,
then of Cambridge University [AR]; a small representative series from

l
l

I
I

I
l

I
l

Reptifia
A revision of the collections of spirit-preserved Snakes was undertaken by Mr. B. W. Tucker and Dr. A. J. Cain in 1949[AR], the
bulk of the material being identified, re-bottled, and fully accessed.
T h e residual material still awaits identification and accession.
I n 1953 the pickled Lizards in the collections were extensively
revised [AR], the work being commenced by Mr. A. B. Acton, a
research student in the Department of Zoology: Mr. Acton revised
only the family Chamaeleontidae, and the remainder of the Lizards
were identified by Mr. Hull, who also accessed the collections.
Following a review of the Reptiles of the Bell Collection in 1956
CAR], by Dr. A. J. Cain, Dr. W. D. L. Ride, and Mr. Hull, when
many type specimens and others figured by Edward Lear were
discovered, a complete revision was made of all Chelonian material
in the collections; the reidentified specimens were fully accessed and
in addition a systematically classified loose-leaf catalogue of the group
was prepared, the work involving some 600 items. An inquiry
originated in 1955 by Dr. Mertens of the Senckenberg Museum,
Frankfurt, resulted in the discovery amongst the Bell Collections of the
type specimen of the Galapagos Sea Iguana, Ambfyrhynchus cristatus
Bell, 1825.
T h e collections of Chelonia were again revised in 1964 [AR] by a
visiting research worker, Mr. P. C. H. Pritchard, whose original
review, commenced in the previous year, had been found somewhat
incomplete.
Some species of the family Lacertidae were reidentified in 1964
and in 1966 by Mr. E. N. Arnold, a research worker in the Department of Zoology and, later, of the British Museum.

Aver (Birds)
T h e Bird collections are extensive, including a large quantity of
valuable osteological material, pickled material, including specimens of
the Physiological Series, corpses preserved originally for departmental
research purposes, etc., a large collection of skins, some of which are
set up for display, and a number of valuable and important Egg collections, to be discussed later.

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

been accessed fully, and within the past twenty years various lists
have been compiled of material held within certain vertebrate groups,
generally as the result of research inquiries carried out in response
to questionnaires, etc., received from other institutions. Collation of
information and data on specimens together with the rationalization
of storage of osteological material will enable proper curation and
accession to be carried out and is part of the immediate curatorial
programme aimed at rendering such material readily available for
inspection and research purposes.

this collection was subsequently returned to the Zoological Collections

in 1973 [AR].

Pisces (Fishes)
T h e labelling and classification of the large collection of fishes preserved in spirit commenced in 1909 under the superintendence of
E. S. Goodrich [AR]. T h e Annual Report of 1956 indicates that
Mr. M. H. Williamson, then a demonstrator in the Department of
Zoology, catalogued the Elasmobranchia, but although a systematic
list of the families of the group was compiled, only a rough and incomplete list of specimens held in the Collections was compiled by a
junior laboratory technician; no cataloguing of specimens was
attempted and the work was abandoned. In 1968two members of the
Museum technical staff, Mr. Hull and Mr. R. L. Manuel, carried
out the identification and accession of some 800 spirit-preserved
specimens hitherto uncatalogued, many of which had remained
unexamined since their arrival in the Museum c. 1876.A selection of
those fishes collected by the O.U. Expedition to British Guiana,
1959,was accessed at this time and added to the collections for possible
use in teaching. I n order to accommodate this newly acquired material
the racks and shelves within this section of the spirit store cellars
were extensively modified and expanded, enabling a recently revised
classification of teleost fishes to be adopted therein.
During 19683 the dried fish material, including osteological
and skin preparations, was gathered together by Mr. J. M. Mendelssohn and Mr. R. L. Manuel for sorting and identification, but this
work was abandoned before completion.
T h e bulk of the extensive collection of$r&ved fishes from
British Guiana, presented to the Zoological Collections in 1967 but
not then accessed, was in I972 transferred to the British Museum
(Natural History) at the request of the collector, Dr. N. R. Liley,
then of Cambridge University [AR]; a small representative series from

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Reptifia
A revision of the collections of spirit-preserved Snakes was undertaken by Mr. B. W. Tucker and Dr. A. J. Cain in 1949[AR], the
bulk of the material being identified, re-bottled, and fully accessed.
T h e residual material still awaits identification and accession.
I n 1953 the pickled Lizards in the collections were extensively
revised [AR], the work being commenced by Mr. A. B. Acton, a
research student in the Department of Zoology: Mr. Acton revised
only the family Chamaeleontidae, and the remainder of the Lizards
were identified by Mr. Hull, who also accessed the collections.
Following a review of the Reptiles of the Bell Collection in 1956
CAR], by Dr. A. J. Cain, Dr. W. D. L. Ride, and Mr. Hull, when
many type specimens and others figured by Edward Lear were
discovered, a complete revision was made of all Chelonian material
in the collections; the reidentified specimens were fully accessed and
in addition a systematically classified loose-leaf catalogue of the group
was prepared, the work involving some 600 items. An inquiry
originated in 1955 by Dr. Mertens of the Senckenberg Museum,
Frankfurt, resulted in the discovery amongst the Bell Collections of the
type specimen of the Galapagos Sea Iguana, Ambfyrhynchus cristatus
Bell, 1825.
T h e collections of Chelonia were again revised in 1964 [AR] by a
visiting research worker, Mr. P. C. H. Pritchard, whose original
review, commenced in the previous year, had been found somewhat
incomplete.
Some species of the family Lacertidae were reidentified in 1964
and in 1966 by Mr. E. N. Arnold, a research worker in the Department of Zoology and, later, of the British Museum.

Aver (Birds)
T h e Bird collections are extensive, including a large quantity of
valuable osteological material, pickled material, including specimens of
the Physiological Series, corpses preserved originally for departmental
research purposes, etc., a large collection of skins, some of which are
set up for display, and a number of valuable and important Egg collections, to be discussed later.

T H E ACCOMMODATION A N D CURATION OF

T h e Bird Skin Collections include up to approximately 16,000

specimens, though the exact numbers will not be ascertainable until
the work of accessing them is completed, and work on these collections has been continued, though with many interruptions, for the
past sixty years. T h e Annual Reports for I 9 I 6 to 1919 record that
many specimens were added to the Card Catalogue then in operation
and preparation. In 1938 the collections of Ecuadorean skins were
named, catalogued, and arranged with the help of Mr. C. M. N. White,
then of Balliol College [ARJ.
In the years previous to 1951, the Bird Skin Collections had been
rather dispersed about the Museum, the Passeriformes occupying
cabinets of drawers placed along the north gallery of the Museum
while the remaining orders were stored in large boxes in a small room
below the rear of the Museum Lecture Room. Reconstruction of the
Museum Lecture Theatre involved elimination of this small store,
and the birds were removed in I 95 I to special racking erected in the
room then in use as an office. T h e Annual Report notes that the
majority (sic) of Bird Skins were so rehoused, but in fact the Passeriform skins remained in their cabinets in the gallery of the Museum.
Also in I 95 I , the mounted birds of the Woodforde Collection obtained in south-west England 1845-70, placed in the Museum court
I 9 I I and presented in I 92 I, were transferred on Permanent Loan
to Bristol City Museum in order to replace material lost by that
Museum due to war damage.
In 1952, a new system of cataloguing for the Bird Skin collections
was initiated. Hitherto, the Card Catalogue in use formed the only
record of the collections, while specimens of any species were given an
alphabetical reference, the arrangement of cards and skins being based
on the sequence given in Sharpe's Handlist, by then sadly out of date.
It was decided to adopt an entirely new basis for the arrangement of
the skins and the card index, and at the same time to record specimen
data in a permanent Accessions Register of Birds in which each specimen would be allocated a serial number. T h e basis for this new system is the Check-List of Birds ofthe World, commenced in 1931 by
J. L. Peters, a comprehensive work in 15 ydumes of which, to date,
13 have been published.
T h e task of properly accessing, labelling, and rearranging the
Bird Skin Collections commenced in 1952, accompanied by careful
checking of the identity of specimens and, where necessary, reidentification, and has continued, though with many interruptions, to the

THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

present time when over 12,000 skins have now been fully accessed.
T h e task, still to be completed, has been carried out largely by Mr.
Hull, the Annual Reports for 1952, 1956-7, 1965-9, and 1972
recording the progress made.
Following the discovery of very serious damage to the specimens
by insect pests the Silver Collection of New Zealand Birds was
dismounted in 1952 [AR]. Over half of the specimens of this collection, including some of now extinct species, were subsequently
destroyed as being beyond salvage treatment, and most of the remaining specimens were converted to the form of study skins.
T h e South African birds of the Burchell Collection were examined
and revised in 1953 by Dr. A. J. Cain, Mr. W. D. L. Ride, and Mr.
Hull with the assistance of Mr. R. E. Moreau in the identification of
unnamed specimens. Lists of these specimens were prepared and much
data collated by reference to Burchell's Diary, notebooks, and published work in an attempt to reconstruct Burchell's catalogue and so
furnish the specimens with accurate collecting data, a task as yet not
completed. Mr. Ride continued this work during 1956 when several
type specimens were discovered [AR], and in 1957 with the assistance of Dr. Cain.
Following an inquiry from the British Museum in 1956, four
type specimens of South American birds described by Dr. George
Such in 1825 and 1826 were traced among the Ashmolean Museum
Collection specimens by Mr. Hull [AR].
In 1962, following completion of the new Bird Skin Store off the
west gallery of the Museum, storage cabinets were installed therein and
the Passerine skins transferred there from their old cabinets in the
north gallery [AR]; transfer of the non-Passerine collection was undertaken in 1964 CAR]. With the resumption of work on the accession
and recataloguing of the Bird Skin Collections in 196s a start was
made in the accession of the many unrecorded skins of which several
hundreds were incorporated into the general systematically arranged
series [ARJ.
During the period 1 ~ 6 6 - 9a further 7,000 skins were accessed and
recatalogued [ARJ. T h e arrival of the Dr. J. W. Campbell Collection
of British Birds in I972 [AR] entailed considerable work associated
with the renovation, accession, and eventual incorporation of the
specimens which was not completed until I 973.
Within the Bird Skin Store, the skins are now housed in large
drawers within glass-fronted cabinets, and with the exception of the

T H E ACCOMMODATION A N D CURATION OF

T h e Bird Skin Collections include up to approximately 16,000

specimens, though the exact numbers will not be ascertainable until
the work of accessing them is completed, and work on these collections has been continued, though with many interruptions, for the
past sixty years. T h e Annual Reports for I 9 I 6 to 1919 record that
many specimens were added to the Card Catalogue then in operation
and preparation. In 1938 the collections of Ecuadorean skins were
named, catalogued, and arranged with the help of Mr. C. M. N. White,
then of Balliol College [ARJ.
In the years previous to 1951, the Bird Skin Collections had been
rather dispersed about the Museum, the Passeriformes occupying
cabinets of drawers placed along the north gallery of the Museum
while the remaining orders were stored in large boxes in a small room
below the rear of the Museum Lecture Room. Reconstruction of the
Museum Lecture Theatre involved elimination of this small store,
and the birds were removed in I 95 I to special racking erected in the
room then in use as an office. T h e Annual Report notes that the
majority (sic) of Bird Skins were so rehoused, but in fact the Passeriform skins remained in their cabinets in the gallery of the Museum.
Also in I 95 I , the mounted birds of the Woodforde Collection obtained in south-west England 1845-70, placed in the Museum court
I 9 I I and presented in I 92 I, were transferred on Permanent Loan
to Bristol City Museum in order to replace material lost by that
Museum due to war damage.
In 1952, a new system of cataloguing for the Bird Skin collections
was initiated. Hitherto, the Card Catalogue in use formed the only
record of the collections, while specimens of any species were given an
alphabetical reference, the arrangement of cards and skins being based
on the sequence given in Sharpe's Handlist, by then sadly out of date.
It was decided to adopt an entirely new basis for the arrangement of
the skins and the card index, and at the same time to record specimen
data in a permanent Accessions Register of Birds in which each specimen would be allocated a serial number. T h e basis for this new system is the Check-List of Birds ofthe World, commenced in 1931 by
J. L. Peters, a comprehensive work in 15 ydumes of which, to date,
13 have been published.
T h e task of properly accessing, labelling, and rearranging the
Bird Skin Collections commenced in 1952, accompanied by careful
checking of the identity of specimens and, where necessary, reidentification, and has continued, though with many interruptions, to the

THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

present time when over 12,000 skins have now been fully accessed.
T h e task, still to be completed, has been carried out largely by Mr.
Hull, the Annual Reports for 1952, 1956-7, 1965-9, and 1972
recording the progress made.
Following the discovery of very serious damage to the specimens
by insect pests the Silver Collection of New Zealand Birds was
dismounted in 1952 [AR]. Over half of the specimens of this collection, including some of now extinct species, were subsequently
destroyed as being beyond salvage treatment, and most of the remaining specimens were converted to the form of study skins.
T h e South African birds of the Burchell Collection were examined
and revised in 1953 by Dr. A. J. Cain, Mr. W. D. L. Ride, and Mr.
Hull with the assistance of Mr. R. E. Moreau in the identification of
unnamed specimens. Lists of these specimens were prepared and much
data collated by reference to Burchell's Diary, notebooks, and published work in an attempt to reconstruct Burchell's catalogue and so
furnish the specimens with accurate collecting data, a task as yet not
completed. Mr. Ride continued this work during 1956 when several
type specimens were discovered [AR], and in 1957 with the assistance of Dr. Cain.
Following an inquiry from the British Museum in 1956, four
type specimens of South American birds described by Dr. George
Such in 1825 and 1826 were traced among the Ashmolean Museum
Collection specimens by Mr. Hull [AR].
In 1962, following completion of the new Bird Skin Store off the
west gallery of the Museum, storage cabinets were installed therein and
the Passerine skins transferred there from their old cabinets in the
north gallery [AR]; transfer of the non-Passerine collection was undertaken in 1964 CAR]. With the resumption of work on the accession
and recataloguing of the Bird Skin Collections in 196s a start was
made in the accession of the many unrecorded skins of which several
hundreds were incorporated into the general systematically arranged
series [ARJ.
During the period 1 ~ 6 6 - 9a further 7,000 skins were accessed and
recatalogued [ARJ. T h e arrival of the Dr. J. W. Campbell Collection
of British Birds in I972 [AR] entailed considerable work associated
with the renovation, accession, and eventual incorporation of the
specimens which was not completed until I 973.
Within the Bird Skin Store, the skins are now housed in large
drawers within glass-fronted cabinets, and with the exception of the

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

large specimens, are further enclosed in light cardboard boxes with

transparent plastic lids. As a precaution against moth, the drawers
and cupboards are kept supplied with small muslin bags of naphtha
which are renewed as necessary, usually not more than once per year.
This is normally the only maintenance required, apart from checking
for damage and possible repair any specimens returned from use
elsewhere. T h e process of checking, accessing, recataloguing, relabelling, and rearranging the specimens will no doubt take some
years to complete; at present over 12,000 skins have been so dealt
with, approximately three-quarters of the collections previously
entered in the old Card Catalogue, but apart from these skins there
remains a considerable quantity of material obtained from various
University expeditions and other sources which has yet to be accessed
and incorporated into the series. T h e recent addition of material of the
Campbell Collection necessitated very considerable readjustment and
rearrangement of the drawers and their contents with the result that
there now remains very little room for further adjustment of cabinet
contents should this be found necessary in adding skins to the systematic series. Bench space originally provided for work on the collections within the Bird Skin Store is now much restricted as this space
is occupied by many of the mounted birds removed from display.
These mounted specimens are by their nature impossible to store
within drawers and require a great deal of storage space if serious
damage to them is to be avoided. Many other mounted specimens
displaced from former exhibits are at present placed temporarily
within a few display cases in the Museum court, but when such
cases are required for new exhibits, the accommodation of those bird
specimens thus temporarily displayed will cause some difficulty as it is
extremely doubtful whether sufficient room may be found for them in
the Skin Store, which has by now become inconveniently congested.

gallery was recorded. Also in 1969, following discovery of forced

entry to the Loft stores where many eggs were stored, it was discovered that many eggs had been wantonly destroyed and their data
labels scattered. A special room has now been set aside, in an area
of the former Zoology Department allocated to the Zoological Collections, where most of the egg collections are now stored in safety.
Very little curation has been carried out on the Egg Collections
since the 1940s when Mr. H. B. Gray, then Museum technician,
prepared a combined catalogue of the Calvert-Tucker and Aplin
Collections; this catalogue forms a checklist giving references to the
cabinets and drawers in which the eggs are located. N o such catalogue
exists for the other collections and although many of the original
collectors' catalogues are held in the Museum, eggs are usually only
traceable by inspection of the contents of the relevant cabinets, the
references given in such catalogues usually bearing no relation to the
disposition of the specimens within the cabinets. Usage of the Birds'
Eggs Collections, as compared with that of other zoological material,
is minimal; inspection by visiting research workers from the Department of Zoology or other institutions occurs once or twice per year,
and a small number of eggs are borrowed annually for teaching and
demonstration purposes within the Department of Zoology.

The Birds' Egg Collections

T h e Zoological Collections possess extensive and valuable collections
of Eggs, principally those of British Birds, but including many foreign
specimens. Until fairly recently, the numerous cabinets housing these
collections were stored in the north gallery gfi*
points in the central
court of the Museum, thereby being exposed to the risk of theft. T h e
forcing open of such cabinets was for years a regular occurrence: in
1963 some 200 eggs were stolen from the Calvert-Tucker Collections, and in 1969 further interference with cases standing in the

The Skin Coflectims(other than Birds)

There exist within the Zoological Collections various collections
of the skins of animals other than the Birds' Skins Collections already
discussed. T h e material exists in various forms, as mounted skins
suitable for display, as filled study-skins, and in the form of unfilled or
flat-dried skins, the material including that of mammals, reptiles, and
fishes. At present, dry fish skins, including specimens from the Hope
Collections, are housed with the skeletal preparations of that group.
T h e Bell Collection of Tortoises contains a number of stuffed and
mounted specimens, some of which are exhibited, and among the
shells of this Collection are many specimens which have been described
as types or are figured in literature. Stuffed skins of lizards are kept
within a cupboard in one of the study rooms. Certain snake skins
mounted on boards, some of the Burchell Collection, are kept within
the Mammal Skin Store. T h e relatively small collections of the skins
of fishes and reptiles are of a somewhat scanty and miscellaneous
nature.
T h e collections of the skins of mammals, housed for many years

T H E A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N OF

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

large specimens, are further enclosed in light cardboard boxes with

transparent plastic lids. As a precaution against moth, the drawers
and cupboards are kept supplied with small muslin bags of naphtha
which are renewed as necessary, usually not more than once per year.
This is normally the only maintenance required, apart from checking
for damage and possible repair any specimens returned from use
elsewhere. T h e process of checking, accessing, recataloguing, relabelling, and rearranging the specimens will no doubt take some
years to complete; at present over 12,000 skins have been so dealt
with, approximately three-quarters of the collections previously
entered in the old Card Catalogue, but apart from these skins there
remains a considerable quantity of material obtained from various
University expeditions and other sources which has yet to be accessed
and incorporated into the series. T h e recent addition of material of the
Campbell Collection necessitated very considerable readjustment and
rearrangement of the drawers and their contents with the result that
there now remains very little room for further adjustment of cabinet
contents should this be found necessary in adding skins to the systematic series. Bench space originally provided for work on the collections within the Bird Skin Store is now much restricted as this space
is occupied by many of the mounted birds removed from display.
These mounted specimens are by their nature impossible to store
within drawers and require a great deal of storage space if serious
damage to them is to be avoided. Many other mounted specimens
displaced from former exhibits are at present placed temporarily
within a few display cases in the Museum court, but when such
cases are required for new exhibits, the accommodation of those bird
specimens thus temporarily displayed will cause some difficulty as it is
extremely doubtful whether sufficient room may be found for them in
the Skin Store, which has by now become inconveniently congested.

gallery was recorded. Also in 1969, following discovery of forced

entry to the Loft stores where many eggs were stored, it was discovered that many eggs had been wantonly destroyed and their data
labels scattered. A special room has now been set aside, in an area
of the former Zoology Department allocated to the Zoological Collections, where most of the egg collections are now stored in safety.
Very little curation has been carried out on the Egg Collections
since the 1940s when Mr. H. B. Gray, then Museum technician,
prepared a combined catalogue of the Calvert-Tucker and Aplin
Collections; this catalogue forms a checklist giving references to the
cabinets and drawers in which the eggs are located. N o such catalogue
exists for the other collections and although many of the original
collectors' catalogues are held in the Museum, eggs are usually only
traceable by inspection of the contents of the relevant cabinets, the
references given in such catalogues usually bearing no relation to the
disposition of the specimens within the cabinets. Usage of the Birds'
Eggs Collections, as compared with that of other zoological material,
is minimal; inspection by visiting research workers from the Department of Zoology or other institutions occurs once or twice per year,
and a small number of eggs are borrowed annually for teaching and
demonstration purposes within the Department of Zoology.

The Birds' Egg Collections

T h e Zoological Collections possess extensive and valuable collections
of Eggs, principally those of British Birds, but including many foreign
specimens. Until fairly recently, the numerous cabinets housing these
collections were stored in the north gallery gfi*
points in the central
court of the Museum, thereby being exposed to the risk of theft. T h e
forcing open of such cabinets was for years a regular occurrence: in
1963 some 200 eggs were stolen from the Calvert-Tucker Collections, and in 1969 further interference with cases standing in the

The Skin Coflectims(other than Birds)

There exist within the Zoological Collections various collections
of the skins of animals other than the Birds' Skins Collections already
discussed. T h e material exists in various forms, as mounted skins
suitable for display, as filled study-skins, and in the form of unfilled or
flat-dried skins, the material including that of mammals, reptiles, and
fishes. At present, dry fish skins, including specimens from the Hope
Collections, are housed with the skeletal preparations of that group.
T h e Bell Collection of Tortoises contains a number of stuffed and
mounted specimens, some of which are exhibited, and among the
shells of this Collection are many specimens which have been described
as types or are figured in literature. Stuffed skins of lizards are kept
within a cupboard in one of the study rooms. Certain snake skins
mounted on boards, some of the Burchell Collection, are kept within
the Mammal Skin Store. T h e relatively small collections of the skins
of fishes and reptiles are of a somewhat scanty and miscellaneous
nature.
T h e collections of the skins of mammals, housed for many years

THE ACCOMMODATION AND CURATION OF

within large storage boxes, have undergone frequent removal from one
site to another, depending on the prevailing availability of storage
space, but within the last two years have been stored in a room set
aside for their accommodation where they are arranged in systematic
order within boxes supported on simple racks. Individually mounted
mammal skins are also shelved within this mammal skin store, which
though now congested and by no means convenient, affords a means
of providing better protection against pests. With a few exceptions
the mammal skins are generally of poor quality, and much of this
material remains uncatalogued. Details of curatorial work carried
out on the skin collections will be found in the discussion of work
carried out on the Mammalia, though only a few animal groups or
localized fauna1 collections have been worked upon.
Mammalia
During 1947-8 Dr. A. J. Cain and Mr. J. Hull sorted, cleaned, and
revised the identifications of the large osteological collections of the
Artiodactyla including the collections of heads, horns, and antlers,
preparing check-lists of material present and cross-checking the
material against the various catalogues. In 1950 Mr. Hull prepared
a comprehensive list of all specimens of Chiroptera present in the
various collections, and in 1953 the specimens of the Perissodactyla
were inspected and listed by Miss A. Blackwell, a student in the
Department of Zoology.
All material of the Marsupialia was revised in 1953 by Mr. W. D. L.
Ride of the Department of Zoology [AR] and all specimens were
completely accessed, the relevant data also being entered into a looseleaf catalogue in a systematically classified arrangement, this being the
first catalogue prepared in a series then envisaged. I n the same year
specimens of the Primates were inspected, listed, and revised by Mr.
Quentin Bone of the Department of Zoology [AR]. Mr. Bone
similarly revised the Prosimii in 1956 [AR], in which year Dr. J.
Peason of the Tasmanian Museum examined a preserved carcase of
the Tasmanian Wolf Thylacinus, making a dissection and separate
preparation of the uro-genital system [AR], while the Bornean
mammals, largely specimens of the ~ o s e h reacher Collections,
were revised by Mr.*T. Chavasse [AR].
During 1956-7 Mr. Ride revised the store collections of Ungulate
heads and horns, which were then listed, accessed completely, and
then suspended from the roof beams in the Loft stores. T h e Cetacean

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T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

material was inspected, listed, and revised by Mr. J. D. Currey, a

demonstrator in the Department of Zoology, in 1958 [AR]. Mr. Hull,
in 1958, prepared a Catalogue of the Human Crania, the bulk of
which collection had been transferred to the British Museum (Natural
History) in 1945-6, adding information indicating which specimens
were still present in various Oxford science departments and institutions. A check-list of all specimens of the Pinnipedia was prepared in
1960 as a result of an inquiry initiated on receipt of a request for
data from the British Museum (Natural History). Miss J. E. Dawson,
then Assistant Curator, in 1967 revised and catalogued the collections
of Proboscides and Paenungulata, and in 1968 revised and catalogued
the specimens of Monotremata.
I n addition to work itemized, similar tasks of identification,
research, and documentation have been carried out for small groups of
material or even single specimens, often resulting from various inquiries received from research workers. I t should be noted that
revision of groups of material has not subsequently been followed by
proper accession of specimens, unless this is stated to be the case; the
task of accessing much of the material revised in the past has yet to
be accomplished.
Specimen clearance
Attention must be drawn to the fact that from time to time examination of material has resulted in the removal and destruction of specimens then thought to be of no further value, as is evidenced by
the Annual Reports, though these Reports are by no means comprehensive in this respect. I n 1912 it was reported that the stores in the
lofts and cellars were overhauled and a considerable amount of accumulated rubbish destroyed; in 1915 mention is made of getting rid
of all useless material from the spirit stores, and in 1909 deteriorated
specimens of the Pascoe Collection of mollusc shells were eliminated.
Removal of material is noted in the Report of 1947 which mentions
the extensive overhauling of stores collections with the elimination of
old worthless specimens, and in 1949 reference is made to the elimination of worthless defective material during the work of identifying the
collections of snakes. As late as I 969-70, during work on the mollusc
shell collections, specimens lacking data were removed and eliminated.
With the growing realization, however, that among the so-called
worthless and unidentified material there might well exist hitherto
unrecognized type or other specimens of historic or scientific value,

THE ACCOMMODATION AND CURATION OF

within large storage boxes, have undergone frequent removal from one
site to another, depending on the prevailing availability of storage
space, but within the last two years have been stored in a room set
aside for their accommodation where they are arranged in systematic
order within boxes supported on simple racks. Individually mounted
mammal skins are also shelved within this mammal skin store, which
though now congested and by no means convenient, affords a means
of providing better protection against pests. With a few exceptions
the mammal skins are generally of poor quality, and much of this
material remains uncatalogued. Details of curatorial work carried
out on the skin collections will be found in the discussion of work
carried out on the Mammalia, though only a few animal groups or
localized fauna1 collections have been worked upon.
Mammalia
During 1947-8 Dr. A. J. Cain and Mr. J. Hull sorted, cleaned, and
revised the identifications of the large osteological collections of the
Artiodactyla including the collections of heads, horns, and antlers,
preparing check-lists of material present and cross-checking the
material against the various catalogues. In 1950 Mr. Hull prepared
a comprehensive list of all specimens of Chiroptera present in the
various collections, and in 1953 the specimens of the Perissodactyla
were inspected and listed by Miss A. Blackwell, a student in the
Department of Zoology.
All material of the Marsupialia was revised in 1953 by Mr. W. D. L.
Ride of the Department of Zoology [AR] and all specimens were
completely accessed, the relevant data also being entered into a looseleaf catalogue in a systematically classified arrangement, this being the
first catalogue prepared in a series then envisaged. I n the same year
specimens of the Primates were inspected, listed, and revised by Mr.
Quentin Bone of the Department of Zoology [AR]. Mr. Bone
similarly revised the Prosimii in 1956 [AR], in which year Dr. J.
Peason of the Tasmanian Museum examined a preserved carcase of
the Tasmanian Wolf Thylacinus, making a dissection and separate
preparation of the uro-genital system [AR], while the Bornean
mammals, largely specimens of the ~ o s e h reacher Collections,
were revised by Mr.*T. Chavasse [AR].
During 1956-7 Mr. Ride revised the store collections of Ungulate
heads and horns, which were then listed, accessed completely, and
then suspended from the roof beams in the Loft stores. T h e Cetacean

!
l

I
1

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

material was inspected, listed, and revised by Mr. J. D. Currey, a

demonstrator in the Department of Zoology, in 1958 [AR]. Mr. Hull,
in 1958, prepared a Catalogue of the Human Crania, the bulk of
which collection had been transferred to the British Museum (Natural
History) in 1945-6, adding information indicating which specimens
were still present in various Oxford science departments and institutions. A check-list of all specimens of the Pinnipedia was prepared in
1960 as a result of an inquiry initiated on receipt of a request for
data from the British Museum (Natural History). Miss J. E. Dawson,
then Assistant Curator, in 1967 revised and catalogued the collections
of Proboscides and Paenungulata, and in 1968 revised and catalogued
the specimens of Monotremata.
I n addition to work itemized, similar tasks of identification,
research, and documentation have been carried out for small groups of
material or even single specimens, often resulting from various inquiries received from research workers. I t should be noted that
revision of groups of material has not subsequently been followed by
proper accession of specimens, unless this is stated to be the case; the
task of accessing much of the material revised in the past has yet to
be accomplished.
Specimen clearance
Attention must be drawn to the fact that from time to time examination of material has resulted in the removal and destruction of specimens then thought to be of no further value, as is evidenced by
the Annual Reports, though these Reports are by no means comprehensive in this respect. I n 1912 it was reported that the stores in the
lofts and cellars were overhauled and a considerable amount of accumulated rubbish destroyed; in 1915 mention is made of getting rid
of all useless material from the spirit stores, and in 1909 deteriorated
specimens of the Pascoe Collection of mollusc shells were eliminated.
Removal of material is noted in the Report of 1947 which mentions
the extensive overhauling of stores collections with the elimination of
old worthless specimens, and in 1949 reference is made to the elimination of worthless defective material during the work of identifying the
collections of snakes. As late as I 969-70, during work on the mollusc
shell collections, specimens lacking data were removed and eliminated.
With the growing realization, however, that among the so-called
worthless and unidentified material there might well exist hitherto
unrecognized type or other specimens of historic or scientific value,

THE A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N O F

a much more cautious approach has, in general, been adopted towards

the wholesale elimination or destruction of what might be considered
worthless material. Since 1957, when as indicated in the 69th Annual
Report, the Linacre Professor, Sir Alister Hardy, and the Curator of
the Zoological Collections, Dr. A. J. Cain, decided that no clear
distinction could be made between Collections material used for
teaching and other Museum material of primarily taxonomic or
historic interest, many specimens being important in several ways,
the Curator has been responsible for all material with the exception
of that purchased solely for class-work, and all decisions regarding
the elimination, destruction, or disposal of specimens are the responsibility of the Curator and of the Scientific Collections Committee
on which he serves.
Pests, and other hazards
Many areas of the Museum are not ideally suited for the safe longterm storage of material liable to attack by insect or other pests.
Despite, and sometimes as a result of, conversions undertaken in
adapting various parts of the building for changing usage there are
few areas which can be considered completely free from the risk of
attack by pests.
In the past, pest damage to specimens has occurred, occasionally
with the resultant loss of rare material of species now extinct: damage
by pests has not been confined to specimens, for numbers of external
labels have been destroyed or rendered illegible by such attacks.
In one room, now used as a Mammal Skin store, considerable damage
by cockroaches once occurred to research papers then stored there by
Sir Alister Hardy.
Certain areas have been fumigated repeatedly with DDTlLindane
smoke, in particular, cellars where formerly cockroaches were bred by
the Department of Zoology. Skin store rooms are supplied with
naphtha, placed within boxes and drawers of specimens, as a precautionary measure, while material considered to have been subjected
to risk of infestation whilst in use is fumigated with paradichlorbenzene within sealed bags or containers.
new material liable to
#&tractors if necessary,
insect attack is fumigated, by professio
to prevent the intrduction of pests into the Collections. Some evidence may be found today of minor infestation of certain areas by
cockroaches, beetles, moth, and Pharaoh's ants.
There have been occasions in the past when certain areas were

P'

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

affected by rodents: bottles have been smashed and their contents

destroyed due to having been tipped from shelves used as run-ways by
rats, and within the preparation rooms freshly prepared study skins
of birds and small mammals, left out to dry, have been damaged
by mice. Fortunately, rodent infestation is no longer a problem within
the Museum stores.
Accidental flooding of rooms has sometimes occasioned risk to
material in adjacent stores, and has also given rise to the growth of
moulds in the areas affected.
T h e risks presented by such hazards and infestations serve to underline the need for regular surveillance and consideration of the safety
of stored Collections if this zoological material is to be adequately
preserved for posterity.

THE A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D C U R A T I O N O F

a much more cautious approach has, in general, been adopted towards

the wholesale elimination or destruction of what might be considered
worthless material. Since 1957, when as indicated in the 69th Annual
Report, the Linacre Professor, Sir Alister Hardy, and the Curator of
the Zoological Collections, Dr. A. J. Cain, decided that no clear
distinction could be made between Collections material used for
teaching and other Museum material of primarily taxonomic or
historic interest, many specimens being important in several ways,
the Curator has been responsible for all material with the exception
of that purchased solely for class-work, and all decisions regarding
the elimination, destruction, or disposal of specimens are the responsibility of the Curator and of the Scientific Collections Committee
on which he serves.
Pests, and other hazards
Many areas of the Museum are not ideally suited for the safe longterm storage of material liable to attack by insect or other pests.
Despite, and sometimes as a result of, conversions undertaken in
adapting various parts of the building for changing usage there are
few areas which can be considered completely free from the risk of
attack by pests.
In the past, pest damage to specimens has occurred, occasionally
with the resultant loss of rare material of species now extinct: damage
by pests has not been confined to specimens, for numbers of external
labels have been destroyed or rendered illegible by such attacks.
In one room, now used as a Mammal Skin store, considerable damage
by cockroaches once occurred to research papers then stored there by
Sir Alister Hardy.
Certain areas have been fumigated repeatedly with DDTlLindane
smoke, in particular, cellars where formerly cockroaches were bred by
the Department of Zoology. Skin store rooms are supplied with
naphtha, placed within boxes and drawers of specimens, as a precautionary measure, while material considered to have been subjected
to risk of infestation whilst in use is fumigated with paradichlorbenzene within sealed bags or containers.
new material liable to
#&tractors if necessary,
insect attack is fumigated, by professio
to prevent the intrduction of pests into the Collections. Some evidence may be found today of minor infestation of certain areas by
cockroaches, beetles, moth, and Pharaoh's ants.
There have been occasions in the past when certain areas were

P'

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

affected by rodents: bottles have been smashed and their contents

destroyed due to having been tipped from shelves used as run-ways by
rats, and within the preparation rooms freshly prepared study skins
of birds and small mammals, left out to dry, have been damaged
by mice. Fortunately, rodent infestation is no longer a problem within
the Museum stores.
Accidental flooding of rooms has sometimes occasioned risk to
material in adjacent stores, and has also given rise to the growth of
moulds in the areas affected.
T h e risks presented by such hazards and infestations serve to underline the need for regular surveillance and consideration of the safety
of stored Collections if this zoological material is to be adequately
preserved for posterity.

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

T H E RECORDS AND O T H E R
DOCUMENTS RELATING T O T H E
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
THE
Zoological Collections possess a number of important records
and catalogues of the early historic collections; many of these are
in current use for, apart from enabling links to be established between
specimens and the available data, they are very often the only catalogues of such material yet available.
Copies of Duncan's Catalogue of the Ashmolean Museum, printed
in 1836, constitute the earliest records of the zoological material held;
one such copy, interleaved, contains manuscript entries of specimens
acquired after 1836, and a second, similar, copy also contains manuscript entries, some of which are additional to those entered in the
first copy although most merely duplicate them.
T h e records of the Christ Church Collections include notebooks,
Day Books, and manuscript catalogues. Although some single specimens, or even groups of specimens from collections of material extensively revised, have had particulars transferred into the main
Accessions Registers of the Zoological Collections, the Christ Church
catalogues are still the main catalogues of such material and remain in
current use. Notable examples of these are the series of 9 manuscript
volumes constituting the 'Osteological Catalogue' and the 10 manuscript volumes comprising the 'Catalogue of the Physiological Series'.
These two manuscript catalogues are in fact the second or third
'editions'; some I 6 volumes, an incomplete series of earlier versions
of these two catalogues, are retained for archive reference since some of
the Osteological Catalogue numbers found on specimens have been
found to relate to the earlier rather than the later tersions of these
catalogues. These versions of the two catalogues usually indicate any
changes in number references, but transcri tion of data from one
version to another has not always been J ! d or as accurate ar
could be desired. Other valuable data concerning specimens and
donors may be derivid from a register, 'Donations to T h e Museum,
Ch. Ch.', which covers entries made between January I 846 and May
I 850, and also from two 'Day Books of T h e Anatomical Museum,

Christ Church' covering the periods 1850-7 and 1857-60. Three

folio volumes of catalogues containing classified entries in manuscript
afford a source of data relating to various Invertebrate spirit preparations bearing letter and number references on their labels; these
label references, for many years, were not regarded as having any
significance or relationship to the catalogues then in use but in recent
years have proved to be of value in restoring to such preparations their
recorded data. T w o similar volumes, one entitled 'Preparations in
Progress and Desiderata', record specimen numbers of material
added to the Physiological Series charted by species and function of
the organs; these contain no additional data and are currently of little
value in cataloguing work. Also available is a small manuscript
notebook containing 294 specimen entries, entitled 'Osteological
Catalogue. Mammalia', noted 'H. N. Turner Junr, Nov. 1846', with
pencilled notes on the flyleaf 'Dr. Ogle, St. Giles St. Oxford' and
'Catalogue of Mr. Turner's Collection'.
Following the transfer of specimens to the University Museum
between I 860 and I 866, it appears that continued use was made of the
accompanying catalogues and that additional entries were inserted.
T h e Museum records available for the period after I 860 include a
register, 'Additions to T h e Museum, Anatomical Department,
O.U.M.' covering 1867 to 1891, which also contains a separate
manuscript list entitled 'Ethnology Osteology only' with entries
made between I 874 and I 881, and the 'O.U.M. Zoological Department Register of Donations' which contains entries from 1882 to
1893. This latter register was superseded by the 'Presentation Book'
in 1883 in which some, but not all, entries were copied from the
I 882-93 register.
T h e Presentation Book, commenced in 1883 by the Anatomical
Department of the University Museum, was continued by the
Department of Comparative Anatomy and ultimately was taken over
by the Zoological Collections. Volume I, 1883-1948, bears on its
outer cover a number of old labels indicating 'Arrival Book', 'Specimens obtained by purchase, exchange or donation or loan' and 'Presentation Book'; volume 2 was commenced in I 949 and its use continues
to the present day.
A further source of records of zoological material appears in the
Annual Reports of the Linacre Professor of (Zoology and) Comparative Anatomy for 1883-1955, and subsequently in the Annual
Reports of T h e Committee for the Scientific Collections in the
65

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

T H E RECORDS AND O T H E R
DOCUMENTS RELATING T O T H E
ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS
THE
Zoological Collections possess a number of important records
and catalogues of the early historic collections; many of these are
in current use for, apart from enabling links to be established between
specimens and the available data, they are very often the only catalogues of such material yet available.
Copies of Duncan's Catalogue of the Ashmolean Museum, printed
in 1836, constitute the earliest records of the zoological material held;
one such copy, interleaved, contains manuscript entries of specimens
acquired after 1836, and a second, similar, copy also contains manuscript entries, some of which are additional to those entered in the
first copy although most merely duplicate them.
T h e records of the Christ Church Collections include notebooks,
Day Books, and manuscript catalogues. Although some single specimens, or even groups of specimens from collections of material extensively revised, have had particulars transferred into the main
Accessions Registers of the Zoological Collections, the Christ Church
catalogues are still the main catalogues of such material and remain in
current use. Notable examples of these are the series of 9 manuscript
volumes constituting the 'Osteological Catalogue' and the 10 manuscript volumes comprising the 'Catalogue of the Physiological Series'.
These two manuscript catalogues are in fact the second or third
'editions'; some I 6 volumes, an incomplete series of earlier versions
of these two catalogues, are retained for archive reference since some of
the Osteological Catalogue numbers found on specimens have been
found to relate to the earlier rather than the later tersions of these
catalogues. These versions of the two catalogues usually indicate any
changes in number references, but transcri tion of data from one
version to another has not always been J ! d or as accurate ar
could be desired. Other valuable data concerning specimens and
donors may be derivid from a register, 'Donations to T h e Museum,
Ch. Ch.', which covers entries made between January I 846 and May
I 850, and also from two 'Day Books of T h e Anatomical Museum,

Christ Church' covering the periods 1850-7 and 1857-60. Three

folio volumes of catalogues containing classified entries in manuscript
afford a source of data relating to various Invertebrate spirit preparations bearing letter and number references on their labels; these
label references, for many years, were not regarded as having any
significance or relationship to the catalogues then in use but in recent
years have proved to be of value in restoring to such preparations their
recorded data. T w o similar volumes, one entitled 'Preparations in
Progress and Desiderata', record specimen numbers of material
added to the Physiological Series charted by species and function of
the organs; these contain no additional data and are currently of little
value in cataloguing work. Also available is a small manuscript
notebook containing 294 specimen entries, entitled 'Osteological
Catalogue. Mammalia', noted 'H. N. Turner Junr, Nov. 1846', with
pencilled notes on the flyleaf 'Dr. Ogle, St. Giles St. Oxford' and
'Catalogue of Mr. Turner's Collection'.
Following the transfer of specimens to the University Museum
between I 860 and I 866, it appears that continued use was made of the
accompanying catalogues and that additional entries were inserted.
T h e Museum records available for the period after I 860 include a
register, 'Additions to T h e Museum, Anatomical Department,
O.U.M.' covering 1867 to 1891, which also contains a separate
manuscript list entitled 'Ethnology Osteology only' with entries
made between I 874 and I 881, and the 'O.U.M. Zoological Department Register of Donations' which contains entries from 1882 to
1893. This latter register was superseded by the 'Presentation Book'
in 1883 in which some, but not all, entries were copied from the
I 882-93 register.
T h e Presentation Book, commenced in 1883 by the Anatomical
Department of the University Museum, was continued by the
Department of Comparative Anatomy and ultimately was taken over
by the Zoological Collections. Volume I, 1883-1948, bears on its
outer cover a number of old labels indicating 'Arrival Book', 'Specimens obtained by purchase, exchange or donation or loan' and 'Presentation Book'; volume 2 was commenced in I 949 and its use continues
to the present day.
A further source of records of zoological material appears in the
Annual Reports of the Linacre Professor of (Zoology and) Comparative Anatomy for 1883-1955, and subsequently in the Annual
Reports of T h e Committee for the Scientific Collections in the
65

T H E RECORDS A N D OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATING T O

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

University Museum. Although the Annual Reports originally gave

detailed reports of work carried out on the Collections and detailed
lists of specimens received by donation, exchange, and purchase, such
reports and lists became far less detailed and increasingly selective,
thus the Presentation Books have become a far more accurate and
reliable record of donations, etc.
Other old catalogues in current use include a 'Catalogue of Casts'
and Part I11 of a manuscript 'Catalogue of [Human] Crania' which
recorded details of I ,I I 4 human crania inJuding those gathered
together by Rolleston, the bulk of which Collection was in 1945-6
transferred to the British Museum (Natural History). Following the
discovery of a slip index to the collection of crania in 1959 a looseleaf catalogue listing details of the entire collection was prepared, with
added notes indicating in which Departments were located those
crania remaining in Oxford, copies of this catalogue being handed to
the Department of Human Anatomy and to the Pitt Rivers Museum.
I t was discovered much later that a large Card Catalogue of Human
Crania was retained within the Department of Human Anatomy.
Various collectors' catalogues are held, relating principally to
collections of mollusc shells and birds' eggs donated to the Museum.
There also exist numbers of catalogues which list material once displayed or present in Museum collections, though these generally
afford no source of data on the specimens; some, e.g. the 'Catalogue
of Testudinata', have been superseded by the incorporation of listed
specimens within the current accessions catalogues.
A t the present time, two separate series of accessions registers
are maintained by the Zoological Collections, the 'Reference Catalogue' and the 'Accessions Catalogue of Birds'; these catalogues
consist of bound volumes in which entries are made by hand in permanent ink, and they form the basis of a comprehensive cadogue
system into which will be entered eventually all details of Zoological
Collections specimens. T h e Reference Catalogue was commenced in
I 89 I, the data recorded in the early volumes being somewhat lacking
in detail, though from 1896 onwards, with the adoption of specially
designed catalogues which afforded more spac for entries, recorded
specimens, or
data became increasingly detailed. In this
groups of similar specimens, are allotted serial numbers; this so-called
Reference Catalogue number accompanies that specimen for the
remainder of its existence and appears on all labels and related index
systems. A Card Index to this catalogue is maintained, arranged in

alphabetical order of genus and species; current practice requires that

each card should carry full data on the specimen concerned, though
old cards are somewhat deficient in this respect. More recently, looseleaf classified catalogues have been prepared for certain animal
groups; it is anticipated that eventually a systematically classified
catalogue will be prepared listing specimens held in each main group
of the animal kingdom.
A separate series of registers, the Accessions Catalogue of Birds,
was commenced in 1952; within these registers all Bird Skins are to
be accessed in a manner similar to that used in the Reference Catalogues, the serial numbers of specimens being prefixed B/ . . . while
its associated Card Index is systematically arranged on the basis of the
Check-List of Birds of the Wmld.
During accession and recataloguing of material every effort is
made to record in these accessions registers any number references
or data to be found in older catalogues, and in order to maintain
continuity of records, the modem catalogue number is noted against the
corresponding entry in the old catalogue. T o date over I 2,000 specimen entries have been made in each of the two basic accessions
registers, but a vast amount of material yet remains to be catalogued
and incorporated within the modem catalogue system, much of it
requiring expert identification ar~dassociated research into specimen
records. T h e Zoological Collections maintain classified files of lists,
memoranda, and data on specimens and the various animal groups or
named collections; in addition to the current correspondence files
maintained there exists the so-called 'Historical correspondence'
consisting of letters and specimen lists salvaged from the correspondence once stored by Professor E. S. Goodrich, formerly Linacre
Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. T h e latter documents were deciphered, sorted, and transcribed in 1962 with the
assistance of a part-time clerical assistant, Miss A. N. Macdonald,
and they afford useful data and much valuable information concerning
material acquired during the middle and late nineteenth century.
When curation and accession of material is undertaken, a careful
search of available records frequently makes possible the restoration
to specimens of data hitherto lost, or not previously noted on labels
or in catalogues; comparison of various records and labels often
results in the discovery and elimination of errors and omissions
made in the past during the transcription of data from one source of
information to another. One highly important use of the available

d ! ,

T H E RECORDS A N D OTHER DOCUMENTS RELATING T O

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

University Museum. Although the Annual Reports originally gave

detailed reports of work carried out on the Collections and detailed
lists of specimens received by donation, exchange, and purchase, such
reports and lists became far less detailed and increasingly selective,
thus the Presentation Books have become a far more accurate and
reliable record of donations, etc.
Other old catalogues in current use include a 'Catalogue of Casts'
and Part I11 of a manuscript 'Catalogue of [Human] Crania' which
recorded details of I ,I I 4 human crania inJuding those gathered
together by Rolleston, the bulk of which Collection was in 1945-6
transferred to the British Museum (Natural History). Following the
discovery of a slip index to the collection of crania in 1959 a looseleaf catalogue listing details of the entire collection was prepared, with
added notes indicating in which Departments were located those
crania remaining in Oxford, copies of this catalogue being handed to
the Department of Human Anatomy and to the Pitt Rivers Museum.
I t was discovered much later that a large Card Catalogue of Human
Crania was retained within the Department of Human Anatomy.
Various collectors' catalogues are held, relating principally to
collections of mollusc shells and birds' eggs donated to the Museum.
There also exist numbers of catalogues which list material once displayed or present in Museum collections, though these generally
afford no source of data on the specimens; some, e.g. the 'Catalogue
of Testudinata', have been superseded by the incorporation of listed
specimens within the current accessions catalogues.
A t the present time, two separate series of accessions registers
are maintained by the Zoological Collections, the 'Reference Catalogue' and the 'Accessions Catalogue of Birds'; these catalogues
consist of bound volumes in which entries are made by hand in permanent ink, and they form the basis of a comprehensive cadogue
system into which will be entered eventually all details of Zoological
Collections specimens. T h e Reference Catalogue was commenced in
I 89 I, the data recorded in the early volumes being somewhat lacking
in detail, though from 1896 onwards, with the adoption of specially
designed catalogues which afforded more spac for entries, recorded
specimens, or
data became increasingly detailed. In this
groups of similar specimens, are allotted serial numbers; this so-called
Reference Catalogue number accompanies that specimen for the
remainder of its existence and appears on all labels and related index
systems. A Card Index to this catalogue is maintained, arranged in

alphabetical order of genus and species; current practice requires that

each card should carry full data on the specimen concerned, though
old cards are somewhat deficient in this respect. More recently, looseleaf classified catalogues have been prepared for certain animal
groups; it is anticipated that eventually a systematically classified
catalogue will be prepared listing specimens held in each main group
of the animal kingdom.
A separate series of registers, the Accessions Catalogue of Birds,
was commenced in 1952; within these registers all Bird Skins are to
be accessed in a manner similar to that used in the Reference Catalogues, the serial numbers of specimens being prefixed B/ . . . while
its associated Card Index is systematically arranged on the basis of the
Check-List of Birds of the Wmld.
During accession and recataloguing of material every effort is
made to record in these accessions registers any number references
or data to be found in older catalogues, and in order to maintain
continuity of records, the modem catalogue number is noted against the
corresponding entry in the old catalogue. T o date over I 2,000 specimen entries have been made in each of the two basic accessions
registers, but a vast amount of material yet remains to be catalogued
and incorporated within the modem catalogue system, much of it
requiring expert identification ar~dassociated research into specimen
records. T h e Zoological Collections maintain classified files of lists,
memoranda, and data on specimens and the various animal groups or
named collections; in addition to the current correspondence files
maintained there exists the so-called 'Historical correspondence'
consisting of letters and specimen lists salvaged from the correspondence once stored by Professor E. S. Goodrich, formerly Linacre
Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. T h e latter documents were deciphered, sorted, and transcribed in 1962 with the
assistance of a part-time clerical assistant, Miss A. N. Macdonald,
and they afford useful data and much valuable information concerning
material acquired during the middle and late nineteenth century.
When curation and accession of material is undertaken, a careful
search of available records frequently makes possible the restoration
to specimens of data hitherto lost, or not previously noted on labels
or in catalogues; comparison of various records and labels often
results in the discovery and elimination of errors and omissions
made in the past during the transcription of data from one source of
information to another. One highly important use of the available

d ! ,

T H E RECORDS A N D O T H E R D O C U M E N T S R E L A T I N G TO

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

records lies in the rediscovery and verification of the existence within

the Zoological Collections of type material; it would appear that prior
to 1956 when a search was instituted for certain type material, no list
or catalogue of such specimens had been maintained, but in 1967 a
draft list of type and suspected type material was commenced by Mr.
Hull, a list which is lengthening as additional type material comes to
light during routine curatorial and cataloguing operations or as a
result of the investigation of inquiries received from other research
workers and institutions.
One notable deficiency in the records of zoological material is
the lack of a list or index of donors to the Collections. A card index of
Donors to the Bird Skin Collection, though somewhat incomplete,
has existed for some years, and in 1949 a similar card index was compiled of Donors to the Mollusc Shell Collections. In order to remedy
this deficiency a new comprehensive Index of Donors has been compiled, included as an appendix to this review, and this Index will, it is
hoped, prove to be of considerable assistance in research on the
Collections.
Zoological material has, of course, been obtained from sources
other than those recorded in the new Index of Donors; considerable
numbers of specimens have been acquired by purchase from, or
exchange with, various individuals, institutions, dealers, and biological
supply agencies for the particular purpose of filling gaps in the general
collections or providing material for teaching and research, and such
methods of obtaining specimens have been employed concurrently with
the acceptance of donations throughout the history of the University
Museum, as may be seen by reference to the Annual Reports. Although
it has not been possible to provide lists of material obtained by purchase
or exchange for inclusion in this review, it is hoped that these may be
prepared at some future date.
In a paper discussing the role of museum collections in ornithological research, R. L. Zusi of the Smithsonian Institute states,
'As a preliminary step in planning research on museum specimens it
would be useful to know in which museums or collections the desired
specimens could be found. This need could be st simply satisfied if
each museum were to publish an inventory oz p J d i n g s . . . More
useful would be a comp+te inventory of all museum collections. ...'ZQ
Although Zusi is here concerned with ornithological material the
same reasoning may be applied as regards collections of all types of
zoological material. In this connection it is worth remarking that the

Information Retrieval Group of the Museums Association (IRGMA)

has produced a system of record cards and instruction manuals for use
in providing a standardized method of recording data in a form suitable
not only for museum requirements but also for computer processing.
It is true that before details of collections may be so recorded it is
necessary that they be properly identified; in this respect the
Zoological Collections require intensive investigation and curation, nevertheless it is clear that the publication of information
concerning the Museum Collections can undoubtedly greatly assist
workers in related fields of study and research.

T H E RECORDS A N D O T H E R D O C U M E N T S R E L A T I N G TO

T H E ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

records lies in the rediscovery and verification of the existence within

the Zoological Collections of type material; it would appear that prior
to 1956 when a search was instituted for certain type material, no list
or catalogue of such specimens had been maintained, but in 1967 a
draft list of type and suspected type material was commenced by Mr.
Hull, a list which is lengthening as additional type material comes to
light during routine curatorial and cataloguing operations or as a
result of the investigation of inquiries received from other research
workers and institutions.
One notable deficiency in the records of zoological material is
the lack of a list or index of donors to the Collections. A card index of
Donors to the Bird Skin Collection, though somewhat incomplete,
has existed for some years, and in 1949 a similar card index was compiled of Donors to the Mollusc Shell Collections. In order to remedy
this deficiency a new comprehensive Index of Donors has been compiled, included as an appendix to this review, and this Index will, it is
hoped, prove to be of considerable assistance in research on the
Collections.
Zoological material has, of course, been obtained from sources
other than those recorded in the new Index of Donors; considerable
numbers of specimens have been acquired by purchase from, or
exchange with, various individuals, institutions, dealers, and biological
supply agencies for the particular purpose of filling gaps in the general
collections or providing material for teaching and research, and such
methods of obtaining specimens have been employed concurrently with
the acceptance of donations throughout the history of the University
Museum, as may be seen by reference to the Annual Reports. Although
it has not been possible to provide lists of material obtained by purchase
or exchange for inclusion in this review, it is hoped that these may be
prepared at some future date.
In a paper discussing the role of museum collections in ornithological research, R. L. Zusi of the Smithsonian Institute states,
'As a preliminary step in planning research on museum specimens it
would be useful to know in which museums or collections the desired
specimens could be found. This need could be st simply satisfied if
each museum were to publish an inventory oz p J d i n g s . . . More
useful would be a comp+te inventory of all museum collections. ...'ZQ
Although Zusi is here concerned with ornithological material the
same reasoning may be applied as regards collections of all types of
zoological material. In this connection it is worth remarking that the

Information Retrieval Group of the Museums Association (IRGMA)

has produced a system of record cards and instruction manuals for use
in providing a standardized method of recording data in a form suitable
not only for museum requirements but also for computer processing.
It is true that before details of collections may be so recorded it is
necessary that they be properly identified; in this respect the
Zoological Collections require intensive investigation and curation, nevertheless it is clear that the publication of information
concerning the Museum Collections can undoubtedly greatly assist
workers in related fields of study and research.

NAMED COLLECTIONS OF ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL

A G U I D E T O SOME O F T H E
NAMED COLLECTIONS OF
ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL I N T H E
OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

l
1

Appended to this list are biographical notes on those donors whose names are
asterisked.

Name a n d tjpe of collection

How obtained

ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUMCOLL.
[includes some Tradescant material]
All types of materid
CHRISTCHURCH
COLL.
All types of material

Transferred I 860

How kept

Generally
incorporated in
general collections
Transferd by
Incorporated with
Dr. Lee's ~rustees, general collections.
1860-6
With Ash. Mus. Coll.,
f m e d nucleus of t h
ZooIogiCal collectionr

*W. E. BAL~TON
COLL.
Presented 1908-9
An extensive collection of skins
and skulls of Mammals, Birds,
Reptiles and Amphibians, collected
by G. C. Shortridge in Java, W. and
SW. Australia, and Bernier Is.

Merged with the

general collections

*W. J. BURCHELL
COLL.
Skins, skulls, etc., of Mammals,
Birds; Molluscs, collected in
S. Africa and Brazil.
Collection includes types of Birds
and Mammals

Merged with the

general collections

*Revd. F. W. HOPECOLL.
including material of the
*T.
BELLCOLL.-Crustacea,
Molluscs, Fish, Reptiles, '
Birds, Mammals, etc.,
including types of all kinds

Presented 1865

Nanu and tjpe of collection

How obtained
*C. and E. HOSECOLL.
Presented 1896
Skins of Birds and Mammals,
preserved Reptiles, and Invertebratee
collected in Sarawak
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITIONS Presented from
OXFORD
192I onwards
Vertebrate and Invertebrate
material of all kinds

*F. P. PASCOECOLL.
Large collections of
Bird Skins (c. 1,700 specimens),
Mollusc shells (c. 3,504,
Crustacea, Fish, Reptiles,
Mammals, etc.

Merged with the

general collections

Merged with the

general collections

Presented 1909

Partly merged with

general collections,
part kept separate

Dr. W. T. ELLIOTTCOLL.

Bequeathed 1938

Transferred on Loan
to Botany Dept.,
Nov. 1952

Crustacea
*T. BELLCOLL.
Large collection of specimens
both dry and in spirit,
including much type material,
and also specimens collected
by Charles Darwin

Transferred from
Hope Dept., March
1962 (spirit colls.).
Dry colls. transferred from Hope
Dept. 1975

Mainly separate, but

being incorporated
into general mkttions

Dr. Roben GURNEY

COLL.
Large collection, mainly of
larval Decapoda, including
some type material

Presented 1949

Separate

G. W. SMITHCOLL.
Australian and Tasmanian
material, including types

Presented 1908

Generally incorprated in collec&ions

Miss E. C. JELLY COLL.

British and Australian Polyzoa

Presented 1888

Separate

Canon A. M. NORMAN
COLL.
2 I 8 species of British Polyzoa

Presented 1907

Separate

SPECIALIZED COLLECTIONS

Mycetozoa

Ectoprocta

to Zoological Colls.
in 1949 and 1962.
Dry Crustacea
transferred in 1975

How kept

(= Polyzoa)

NAMED COLLECTIONS OF ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL

A G U I D E T O SOME O F T H E
NAMED COLLECTIONS OF
ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL I N T H E
OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

l
1

Appended to this list are biographical notes on those donors whose names are
asterisked.

Name a n d tjpe of collection

How obtained

ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUMCOLL.
[includes some Tradescant material]
All types of materid
CHRISTCHURCH
COLL.
All types of material

Transferred I 860

How kept

Generally
incorporated in
general collections
Transferd by
Incorporated with
Dr. Lee's ~rustees, general collections.
1860-6
With Ash. Mus. Coll.,
f m e d nucleus of t h
ZooIogiCal collectionr

*W. E. BAL~TON
COLL.
Presented 1908-9
An extensive collection of skins
and skulls of Mammals, Birds,
Reptiles and Amphibians, collected
by G. C. Shortridge in Java, W. and
SW. Australia, and Bernier Is.

Merged with the

general collections

*W. J. BURCHELL
COLL.
Skins, skulls, etc., of Mammals,
Birds; Molluscs, collected in
S. Africa and Brazil.
Collection includes types of Birds
and Mammals

Merged with the

general collections

*Revd. F. W. HOPECOLL.
including material of the
*T.
BELLCOLL.-Crustacea,
Molluscs, Fish, Reptiles, '
Birds, Mammals, etc.,
including types of all kinds

Presented 1865

Nanu and tjpe of collection

How obtained
*C. and E. HOSECOLL.
Presented 1896
Skins of Birds and Mammals,
preserved Reptiles, and Invertebratee
collected in Sarawak
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITIONS Presented from
OXFORD
192I onwards
Vertebrate and Invertebrate
material of all kinds

*F. P. PASCOECOLL.
Large collections of
Bird Skins (c. 1,700 specimens),
Mollusc shells (c. 3,504,
Crustacea, Fish, Reptiles,
Mammals, etc.

Merged with the

general collections

Merged with the

general collections

Presented 1909

Partly merged with

general collections,
part kept separate

Dr. W. T. ELLIOTTCOLL.

Bequeathed 1938

Transferred on Loan
to Botany Dept.,
Nov. 1952

Crustacea
*T. BELLCOLL.
Large collection of specimens
both dry and in spirit,
including much type material,
and also specimens collected
by Charles Darwin

Transferred from
Hope Dept., March
1962 (spirit colls.).
Dry colls. transferred from Hope
Dept. 1975

Mainly separate, but

being incorporated
into general mkttions

Dr. Roben GURNEY

COLL.
Large collection, mainly of
larval Decapoda, including
some type material

Presented 1949

Separate

G. W. SMITHCOLL.
Australian and Tasmanian
material, including types

Presented 1908

Generally incorprated in collec&ions

Miss E. C. JELLY COLL.

British and Australian Polyzoa

Presented 1888

Separate

Canon A. M. NORMAN
COLL.
2 I 8 species of British Polyzoa

Presented 1907

Separate

SPECIALIZED COLLECTIONS

Mycetozoa

Ectoprocta

to Zoological Colls.
in 1949 and 1962.
Dry Crustacea
transferred in 1975

How kept

(= Polyzoa)

N A M E D C O L L E C T I O N S OF Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L

Name and type of collection

H a u obtained

H m iept

Name and type of collection

Separate

H. 0. N. SHAWCOLL.
66 species, chiefly from Fiji
and the Solomon Isles

Separate
i

*Sir W. C. TREVELYAN
COLL.
A n extensive collection, but
generally lacking collection data.
Contained specimens figured in
R. Brown's Conchology
Lt.-Col. W. H. TURTON
COLL.

Marine shells from Port Alfred,

S. Africa. Includes 645 of Turton's
type specimens
WOLWTONCOLL.
A collection of shells from
Madeira

- -

Mollusca
S. D. BARSTOWCOLL.
S. African shells, verified
by G. B. Sowerby, and
including a number of
sowerby*stypes
COLL.
G. BARLEE
British marine shells

G. D. H. CARPENTER
COLL.
British Land and Fresh-water
Mollusca

Presented 1891

Bequeathed by
George Barlee,
Exmouth, 1891
Presented by
Prof. G. D. Hale
Carpenter, 1949

IN THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

(
Separate

CHITTY COLL.
Jamaican Land and
Fresh-water Mollusca

Separate

Dr. W. T. ELLIOTTCOLL.
An extensive and well-documented
world-wide collection of shells

Bequeathed 1938

Separate
(but specimens of
Unionacea now
combined with others
of various collections)

Alan Poole GARDWER

COLL.
British shells

Presented 1951

Separate

Admiral Sir John HARVEYCOLL.

An extensive world collection,
but specimens lacking in data

Presented 1851

Mainly in separate
storage, but many
specimens combined
with those of other
collections for teaching many years ago

Revd. J. MITCHINSON
COLL.
A collection of 450 terrestrial
Gastropod shells from the
West Indies
Revd. Julian MORTONCOLL.
A collection of shells from
Labuan, N. Borneo
Herbert NAPIERCOLL.
Shells of British Mollusca

Presented 1918

Separate

Separate

Presented by Prof.
G. D. Hale Car-

Separate

*F. P. PASCOE
COLL.
A large collection oT over
3,500 shells, named, with
localities given

Presented 1909

Separate, mainly
in own cabinets

How obtained
In exchange for
some specimens
from the Bairstow
toll., 1909

H-

Bequeathed 1879

Part separate, part

combined with other
shell collections

Presented 1920,
with additions in
1932

Separate

kept
Separate

Separate

Amphibia and Reptiles

Vrhomas BELLCOLL.
Dry and spirit-preserved
Amphibia, Chelonia, Lacertilia
and Ophidia, including many types
and figured specimens
*Revd. F. W. HOPE COLL.
Dry and spirit-preserved
material, including that of
the Bell Coll.

Transferred as part Generally merged

of Hope Colls. by with other colletCurators, 1899
tions, but dry Chelonia stored separately
Transferred by the Generally merged
Curators, 1899

Awes

*O. V . A P L COLL.
~
A large collection of
Bud skins and eggs,
mainly British and from
Oxfordshire
Sir John BARROW
COLL.
Birds from Arctic regions,
collected I 849-59

Presented by
family, 1940

Skins incorporated
in general Bird skin
collection. Eggs
kept separately in
own cabinets
Merged with the
Bird skin collection

Merged with the

'Sir Harford JONES-BRYDCES
COLL. Had arrived at
Bird skin collection
the O.U.M. by
World-wide collection of skins
1867 (though
catalogues indicate
the collection as
'Presented c. 187453

73

N A M E D C O L L E C T I O N S OF Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L

Name and type of collection

H a u obtained

H m iept

Name and type of collection

Separate

H. 0. N. SHAWCOLL.
66 species, chiefly from Fiji
and the Solomon Isles

Separate
i

*Sir W. C. TREVELYAN
COLL.
A n extensive collection, but
generally lacking collection data.
Contained specimens figured in
R. Brown's Conchology
Lt.-Col. W. H. TURTON
COLL.

Marine shells from Port Alfred,

S. Africa. Includes 645 of Turton's
type specimens
WOLWTONCOLL.
A collection of shells from
Madeira

- -

Mollusca
S. D. BARSTOWCOLL.
S. African shells, verified
by G. B. Sowerby, and
including a number of
sowerby*stypes
COLL.
G. BARLEE
British marine shells

G. D. H. CARPENTER
COLL.
British Land and Fresh-water
Mollusca

Presented 1891

Bequeathed by
George Barlee,
Exmouth, 1891
Presented by
Prof. G. D. Hale
Carpenter, 1949

IN THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

(
Separate

CHITTY COLL.
Jamaican Land and
Fresh-water Mollusca

Separate

Dr. W. T. ELLIOTTCOLL.
An extensive and well-documented
world-wide collection of shells

Bequeathed 1938

Separate
(but specimens of
Unionacea now
combined with others
of various collections)

Alan Poole GARDWER

COLL.
British shells

Presented 1951

Separate

Admiral Sir John HARVEYCOLL.

An extensive world collection,
but specimens lacking in data

Presented 1851

Mainly in separate
storage, but many
specimens combined
with those of other
collections for teaching many years ago

Revd. J. MITCHINSON
COLL.
A collection of 450 terrestrial
Gastropod shells from the
West Indies
Revd. Julian MORTONCOLL.
A collection of shells from
Labuan, N. Borneo
Herbert NAPIERCOLL.
Shells of British Mollusca

Presented 1918

Separate

Separate

Presented by Prof.
G. D. Hale Car-

Separate

*F. P. PASCOE
COLL.
A large collection oT over
3,500 shells, named, with
localities given

Presented 1909

Separate, mainly
in own cabinets

How obtained
In exchange for
some specimens
from the Bairstow
toll., 1909

H-

Bequeathed 1879

Part separate, part

combined with other
shell collections

Presented 1920,
with additions in
1932

Separate

kept
Separate

Separate

Amphibia and Reptiles

Vrhomas BELLCOLL.
Dry and spirit-preserved
Amphibia, Chelonia, Lacertilia
and Ophidia, including many types
and figured specimens
*Revd. F. W. HOPE COLL.
Dry and spirit-preserved
material, including that of
the Bell Coll.

Transferred as part Generally merged

of Hope Colls. by with other colletCurators, 1899
tions, but dry Chelonia stored separately
Transferred by the Generally merged
Curators, 1899

Awes

*O. V . A P L COLL.
~
A large collection of
Bud skins and eggs,
mainly British and from
Oxfordshire
Sir John BARROW
COLL.
Birds from Arctic regions,
collected I 849-59

Presented by
family, 1940

Skins incorporated
in general Bird skin
collection. Eggs
kept separately in
own cabinets
Merged with the
Bird skin collection

Merged with the

'Sir Harford JONES-BRYDCES
COLL. Had arrived at
Bird skin collection
the O.U.M. by
World-wide collection of skins
1867 (though
catalogues indicate
the collection as
'Presented c. 187453

73

IN THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

NAMED COLLECTIONS OF ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL

Name and type of collection

R. W. CALVERT
COLL.
A collection of British Birds'
Eggs, and some skins

COLL.
Dr. J. W. CAMPBELL
A large collection of mounted
British Birds; also a few
British Mammals and Fish
Dr. F. CURTISCOLL.
A large collection of Bird skins,
mainly British
Algernon ELLIOTTCOLL.
Indian Bird skins and eggs

Hoou obtained
Bequeathed 1942

Hoou kept
The Egg collection
is combined with
that of B. W.
Tucker, and is
kept in separate
cabinets. Skins in
general skin
collection

Presented by Dr.
Incorporated into the
L. .Campbell, 1972 general collections:
selected cases kept
intact on Exhibition
Presented 1936
Merged with the
Bird skin collection
Presented by
executor, 1934

Skins merged with

general skin collections; eggs separate in
own cabineu

Donald GUNNCOLL.
Bird skins collected in the
Orange River Colony, S. Africa

Presented 1908

Merged with the

general skin collections

Rear-Adm. H. LYNESCOLL.
A large collection of the Eggs
of Buds of the Western
Palaearctic region

Purchased 1943

Separate in own
cabinets

H. S. ROHUCOLL.
Bud skins from NE. British
New Guinea

Purchased 1902

Merged with Bud

skin collection

Col. E. RUCK-KEENE
COLL.
Mounted Birds-Gulls, Terns,
and Himalayan Game Birds

Presented 1926

Exhibited in two
large display case3

*S. W. SILVERCOLL.
12 cases of mounted Birds
of New Zealand; included
some species now extinct

Presented 1906

Approx. half
collection destroyed
by pests, remainder
mainly converted
as study skim and
merged with Bird
skin collection

Maj. R. H. THOMAS
COLL.
A collection of 1,100 skins
of Ecuadorean Birds (and
22 skins and skulls of mammals)

Presented 1936

Merged with Bird

skin collection and
Mammal skin collections

Name and type of collection

W. H. TREACHER
COLL.
A large collection of Bird
skins from NW. Borneo,
identified by R. Bowdler Sharpe
and including types
COLL.
B. W. TUCKER
British Birds' Eggs
Charles M. N. WHITECOLL.
A large collection of Bird skins
from Britain, Africa, India,
W. Indies, America, and
Australasia, including some types

Haw obtained
Presented 1878

H m kept
Merged with Bird
skin collection

Combined with the

Calvert Collection in
own separate cabinets

Presented during

Merged with Bud

skin collection

years 1947-50

C. J. WILSONCOLL.
Skim and Eggs of British Birds

P m n t e d by
executors, 1926

Skins merged with

Bud skin collection;
eggs in sparate
cabinet

WYATTCOLL.
Bird skins, mainly from Florida
and Colombia.
Birds from Colombia, Sinai Pen.,
Norway, and Britain

Presented by
Mrs. Bradford,
1900, and
Miss Bradford,
1912

Merged with skin

collections; some
mounted specimens
are exhibited

Presented 1908-9

Merged with skin

and osteological collections

Presented 1865

Merged with osteological collections

Presented 1896

Merged with general

collections

P m n t e d from
1911 to 1914

Merged with g e m d
collections

Presented 1932

Exhibited

Presented 1878

Merged with
Mammal skin
collections

Mammalia
*W. W. BALSTONCOLL.
Extensive collection of skins
and skulls from Australia and Java
*W. J. BURCHELL
COLL.
Specimens including the type
material of Burchell's White
Rhinoceros; possible types of
Burchell's Zebra
*C. and E. HOSECOLL.
Mammalian material from
Sarawak, Borneo
Hon. P. METHUENCOLL.
Skim, skulls, etc., of
Madagascan Mammals
W. ROBERTSON
COLL.
Ungulate heads and horns
from S. Rhodesia
W. H. TREACHER
COLL.
Skins of N. Bornean Mammals

IN THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

NAMED COLLECTIONS OF ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL

Name and type of collection

R. W. CALVERT
COLL.
A collection of British Birds'
Eggs, and some skins

COLL.
Dr. J. W. CAMPBELL
A large collection of mounted
British Birds; also a few
British Mammals and Fish
Dr. F. CURTISCOLL.
A large collection of Bird skins,
mainly British
Algernon ELLIOTTCOLL.
Indian Bird skins and eggs

Hoou obtained
Bequeathed 1942

Hoou kept
The Egg collection
is combined with
that of B. W.
Tucker, and is
kept in separate
cabinets. Skins in
general skin
collection

Presented by Dr.
Incorporated into the
L. .Campbell, 1972 general collections:
selected cases kept
intact on Exhibition
Presented 1936
Merged with the
Bird skin collection
Presented by
executor, 1934

Skins merged with

general skin collections; eggs separate in
own cabineu

Donald GUNNCOLL.
Bird skins collected in the
Orange River Colony, S. Africa

Presented 1908

Merged with the

general skin collections

Rear-Adm. H. LYNESCOLL.
A large collection of the Eggs
of Buds of the Western
Palaearctic region

Purchased 1943

Separate in own
cabinets

H. S. ROHUCOLL.
Bud skins from NE. British
New Guinea

Purchased 1902

Merged with Bud

skin collection

Col. E. RUCK-KEENE
COLL.
Mounted Birds-Gulls, Terns,
and Himalayan Game Birds

Presented 1926

Exhibited in two
large display case3

*S. W. SILVERCOLL.
12 cases of mounted Birds
of New Zealand; included
some species now extinct

Presented 1906

Approx. half
collection destroyed
by pests, remainder
mainly converted
as study skim and
merged with Bird
skin collection

Maj. R. H. THOMAS
COLL.
A collection of 1,100 skins
of Ecuadorean Birds (and
22 skins and skulls of mammals)

Presented 1936

Merged with Bird

skin collection and
Mammal skin collections

Name and type of collection

W. H. TREACHER
COLL.
A large collection of Bird
skins from NW. Borneo,
identified by R. Bowdler Sharpe
and including types
COLL.
B. W. TUCKER
British Birds' Eggs
Charles M. N. WHITECOLL.
A large collection of Bird skins
from Britain, Africa, India,
W. Indies, America, and
Australasia, including some types

Haw obtained
Presented 1878

H m kept
Merged with Bird
skin collection

Combined with the

Calvert Collection in
own separate cabinets

Presented during

Merged with Bud

skin collection

years 1947-50

C. J. WILSONCOLL.
Skim and Eggs of British Birds

P m n t e d by
executors, 1926

Skins merged with

Bud skin collection;
eggs in sparate
cabinet

WYATTCOLL.
Bird skins, mainly from Florida
and Colombia.
Birds from Colombia, Sinai Pen.,
Norway, and Britain

Presented by
Mrs. Bradford,
1900, and
Miss Bradford,
1912

Merged with skin

collections; some
mounted specimens
are exhibited

Presented 1908-9

Merged with skin

and osteological collections

Presented 1865

Merged with osteological collections

Presented 1896

Merged with general

collections

P m n t e d from
1911 to 1914

Merged with g e m d
collections

Presented 1932

Exhibited

Presented 1878

Merged with
Mammal skin
collections

Mammalia
*W. W. BALSTONCOLL.
Extensive collection of skins
and skulls from Australia and Java
*W. J. BURCHELL
COLL.
Specimens including the type
material of Burchell's White
Rhinoceros; possible types of
Burchell's Zebra
*C. and E. HOSECOLL.
Mammalian material from
Sarawak, Borneo
Hon. P. METHUENCOLL.
Skim, skulls, etc., of
Madagascan Mammals
W. ROBERTSON
COLL.
Ungulate heads and horns
from S. Rhodesia
W. H. TREACHER
COLL.
Skins of N. Bornean Mammals

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES O N COLLECTORS

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES O N COLLECTORS

folio in eight parts, was never completed owing to the failure of the publishers;
the unpublished plates, 2 0 in all, were bought by the publishers of Sowerby
and Lear, Bell's artists, and were issued by them under the names of the
artists. Bell declined to furnish the t e a , which was provided by Gray, and
this volume (Turtfrs and Tortoisrs, by J. de Carle Sowerby and E. Lear)
really constitutes the supplement to Bell's monograph.
Bell was President of the Linnaean Sodety from I 853 to I 861 and President of the Ray Society from I 843 to 1859. H e died at Selborne in I 880.
Obituary notices appear in Lropoldina, vol. 16, p. gq, 1880, and in Zwl.
Anzrigrr, vol. 3, p. 168, I 880.
Some of Bell's specimens are in the possession of the British Museum
(Natural History), including some he described for Charles Darwin, while
other Bell spedmens are present in the Cambridge University Museum of
Zoology. A large part of Bell's collections of crustacea and reptiles was
purchased in 1862 for the Hope Collections by J. 0. Westwood, the first
Hope Professor of Zoology: the bulk of this material was transferred to the
zoological collections in I 889, a further transfer of assorted spirit material
took place in 1949, and in I 962 the bulk of the spirit collections were transferred from the Hope Department to the Zoological Collections. More
recently, in 1975, the large collection of dried crustacea was taken over by the
Zoological Collections. T h e material of the Bell Collection of Crustacea
includes many of Bell's types, numbers of which have been, and continue to
be, traced, though some are recorded in literature as believed to be no longer
in existence. Charles Darwin, in a letter to J. 0. Westwood written in I 860,
expressed his agreement with Bell in sending his (Darwin's) crustacea to the
Oxford University Museum, and during curation of the spirit collections
a number of bottles of specimens labelled as Darwin material have been
examined which contain specimens allied to numbered tags; recent investigation has shown that the numbers found do in fact correspond with those
entered in Darwin's collecting notebooks.

Court of Persia 1807-1811.

Upon his return to England he resigned from
the it India Company and became involved in
as a ~ i b e i a lfound,
ing a political association in Radnorshire known as the 'Grey Coat Club'.
In I 83 I the University of Oxford honoured him with the degree of D.C.L.
~ r y d & later became- a Privy Councillor and Deputy ~ieutenantof the
county of Herefordshire. H e was a member of the Ashmolean Society.
T h e son, born in 1808, succeeded to his father's title and the estate
of Lion's Hall, Herefordshire, in I 847. H e was a member of Merton
College, matriculating in 1827 and receiving his M.A. degree in 1858.
I n correspondence between the younger Brydges and the Museum Delegacy
relating to the offer of the donation of the collection, the son refers to part of
it at l&t as his own. but it seems reasonable to speculate that the-father
probably had an interest in ornithology and, in his travels abroad, might
have collected numbers of specimens which ultimately he may have passed
on to his only son.
Owing to shortage of staff at the Museum shortly after its completion,
acceptance of part of this collection was delayed as, at the time, the cataloguing of the Hope Collections was in progress, but the Brydges Collection,
first offered in I 8 58, had certainly arrived at the University Museum by
I 867, although the specimen labels and the original Card Catalogue of Birds
both record this presentation as 'c. I 874-5'. T h e collection is of world-wide
origin.

Sir H A R F O R D J O N E S - B R Y D G E S
I t is not clearly evident from the available literature and records whether this
collection of some I ,000 bird skins known as the Sir Harford Brydges Collection was made by father and son, both of whom possessed the same initials
H . J., or whether the son alone was responsible for its collection.
As a young man, the father, Harford ~@es 1764-1847) entered the
service of the East Ipdia Company, acquiring
eat proficiency in oriental
languages which led him to a diplomatic career as Envoy-Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Persia in 1807, in which year
he was created a baronet. H e wrote several books concerning the history
of Persia and its people including An Account of His Mdrsty's Missiorr to thr

W. J. B U R C H E L L
WiIliam John Burchell(1782-I 863), one of the greatest of the early African
explorers, was the son of a wealthy nurseryman of Fulham. H e began his
career at the age of 23 when he was appointed 'Schoolmaster and Acting
Botanist' on the island of St. Helena by the East India Company.
Five years later he sailed for Cape Town to commence his African expedition, 1810-1 5, later to be documented in his two-volume work Trmrfs in
the Interior of Southmr Africo, written during ten years spent in England
following his return from Africa, in which time he put his collections in order
and m o t e several papers including 'A list of the skins of 143 quadrupeds
presented to the British Museum, September 30, 1817'. Unfortunately,
much of Burchell's material laid neglected in the cellars of the British Museum
for a considerable time, +th the inevitable result that much damage was
suffered by the specimens: Burchell, justifiably annoyed, indulged in a number of attacks on the British Museum authorities and at the time much
resentment was felt, one result of which was that J. E. Gray, Keeper of
Zoological Collections in the British Museum, in a successful attempt to
annoy Burchell, subsequently named the well-known 'Burchell's Zebra'
Asinus iurchrffi.
In 1825 Burchell set out on his five-year journey in Brazil where he

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES O N COLLECTORS

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES O N COLLECTORS

folio in eight parts, was never completed owing to the failure of the publishers;
the unpublished plates, 2 0 in all, were bought by the publishers of Sowerby
and Lear, Bell's artists, and were issued by them under the names of the
artists. Bell declined to furnish the t e a , which was provided by Gray, and
this volume (Turtfrs and Tortoisrs, by J. de Carle Sowerby and E. Lear)
really constitutes the supplement to Bell's monograph.
Bell was President of the Linnaean Sodety from I 853 to I 861 and President of the Ray Society from I 843 to 1859. H e died at Selborne in I 880.
Obituary notices appear in Lropoldina, vol. 16, p. gq, 1880, and in Zwl.
Anzrigrr, vol. 3, p. 168, I 880.
Some of Bell's specimens are in the possession of the British Museum
(Natural History), including some he described for Charles Darwin, while
other Bell spedmens are present in the Cambridge University Museum of
Zoology. A large part of Bell's collections of crustacea and reptiles was
purchased in 1862 for the Hope Collections by J. 0. Westwood, the first
Hope Professor of Zoology: the bulk of this material was transferred to the
zoological collections in I 889, a further transfer of assorted spirit material
took place in 1949, and in I 962 the bulk of the spirit collections were transferred from the Hope Department to the Zoological Collections. More
recently, in 1975, the large collection of dried crustacea was taken over by the
Zoological Collections. T h e material of the Bell Collection of Crustacea
includes many of Bell's types, numbers of which have been, and continue to
be, traced, though some are recorded in literature as believed to be no longer
in existence. Charles Darwin, in a letter to J. 0. Westwood written in I 860,
expressed his agreement with Bell in sending his (Darwin's) crustacea to the
Oxford University Museum, and during curation of the spirit collections
a number of bottles of specimens labelled as Darwin material have been
examined which contain specimens allied to numbered tags; recent investigation has shown that the numbers found do in fact correspond with those
entered in Darwin's collecting notebooks.

Court of Persia 1807-1811.

Upon his return to England he resigned from
the it India Company and became involved in
as a ~ i b e i a lfound,
ing a political association in Radnorshire known as the 'Grey Coat Club'.
In I 83 I the University of Oxford honoured him with the degree of D.C.L.
~ r y d & later became- a Privy Councillor and Deputy ~ieutenantof the
county of Herefordshire. H e was a member of the Ashmolean Society.
T h e son, born in 1808, succeeded to his father's title and the estate
of Lion's Hall, Herefordshire, in I 847. H e was a member of Merton
College, matriculating in 1827 and receiving his M.A. degree in 1858.
I n correspondence between the younger Brydges and the Museum Delegacy
relating to the offer of the donation of the collection, the son refers to part of
it at l&t as his own. but it seems reasonable to speculate that the-father
probably had an interest in ornithology and, in his travels abroad, might
have collected numbers of specimens which ultimately he may have passed
on to his only son.
Owing to shortage of staff at the Museum shortly after its completion,
acceptance of part of this collection was delayed as, at the time, the cataloguing of the Hope Collections was in progress, but the Brydges Collection,
first offered in I 8 58, had certainly arrived at the University Museum by
I 867, although the specimen labels and the original Card Catalogue of Birds
both record this presentation as 'c. I 874-5'. T h e collection is of world-wide
origin.

Sir H A R F O R D J O N E S - B R Y D G E S
I t is not clearly evident from the available literature and records whether this
collection of some I ,000 bird skins known as the Sir Harford Brydges Collection was made by father and son, both of whom possessed the same initials
H . J., or whether the son alone was responsible for its collection.
As a young man, the father, Harford ~@es 1764-1847) entered the
service of the East Ipdia Company, acquiring
eat proficiency in oriental
languages which led him to a diplomatic career as Envoy-Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Persia in 1807, in which year
he was created a baronet. H e wrote several books concerning the history
of Persia and its people including An Account of His Mdrsty's Missiorr to thr

W. J. B U R C H E L L
WiIliam John Burchell(1782-I 863), one of the greatest of the early African
explorers, was the son of a wealthy nurseryman of Fulham. H e began his
career at the age of 23 when he was appointed 'Schoolmaster and Acting
Botanist' on the island of St. Helena by the East India Company.
Five years later he sailed for Cape Town to commence his African expedition, 1810-1 5, later to be documented in his two-volume work Trmrfs in
the Interior of Southmr Africo, written during ten years spent in England
following his return from Africa, in which time he put his collections in order
and m o t e several papers including 'A list of the skins of 143 quadrupeds
presented to the British Museum, September 30, 1817'. Unfortunately,
much of Burchell's material laid neglected in the cellars of the British Museum
for a considerable time, +th the inevitable result that much damage was
suffered by the specimens: Burchell, justifiably annoyed, indulged in a number of attacks on the British Museum authorities and at the time much
resentment was felt, one result of which was that J. E. Gray, Keeper of
Zoological Collections in the British Museum, in a successful attempt to
annoy Burchell, subsequently named the well-known 'Burchell's Zebra'
Asinus iurchrffi.
In 1825 Burchell set out on his five-year journey in Brazil where he

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S O N COLLECTORS

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S ON COLLECTORS

collected widely and recorded having found 16,ooc-20,ooo specimens of

insects and having shot and preserved 362 species of birds, together with
proportionally smaller numbers of other animals.
A few years after his return from Brazil, Burchell in 1834 received the
degree of D.C.L. Honoris (aura from the University of Oxford. This was the
only recognition of his work received by Burchell during his lifetime although
he. had spent his personal fortune in amassing his collections during his
travels. Several friends, including Sir William Hooker and William Swainson,
came to his aid, but he suffered considerable financial embarrassment and in
the years following his return from the New World in I 830 Burchell received
neither the recognition nor the fame which his great undertakings should
have brought him. In his eightieth year, disillusioned and left behind by the
onward sweep of advancing science, Burchell took his own life.
Apart from some bpecimens given to the British Museum, the bulk of
Burchell's collections, including his entomological, ethnological, geological,
and zoological material, were presented to the University in 1865 by his
sister Miss Anna Burchell. His botanical specimens and manuscripts passed
to Kew. Burchell described many new species, and many of his type specimens of birds and mammals are present in the Zoological Collections.

University Museum in 1861; these expanded rapidly as Mrs. Hope and

other donors purchased or presented additional collections including those
of Bates from the Amazon, Wallace's from the Malay Archipelago, and the
zoological collections from S. Africa and Brazil collected by Burchell.
The bulk of the zoological material in the Hope Collections, excluding the
entomological collections, was transferred in I 899 to the zoological collections, this material including mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and molluscs.
Additional material, largely ~ickledreptiles, including Ashmolean Museum
specimens, was transferred in 1949, and in 1962 a large number of pickled
invertebrates, chiefly crustacea, were passed to the Zoological Collections,
this material including Bell ~bllectionspecimens and those of other collectors, amongst which Gve now been rediscovers a number of type and suspected type specimens. Recently, in 1975, the dry collections of crustacea
were taken over by the Zoological Collections, and this also contains many of
Bell's types. Materid collected by Charles Darwin has been found among the
Hope and Bell Collections.

Revd. F. W. H O P E
Frederick William Hope, M.A. (1797-1 862), was educated at Christ Church
College and was later ordained. His early interest in natural history led him
to become one of the most eminent of British coleopterists and the possessor
of a very extensive collection of insects. Besides British specimens, he also
amassed at great expense averylarge exoticcollection including Indian, African,
and Asiatic rarities. Among Hope's purchases were Thomas Bell's collections of reptiles, crustacea, etc., and Mr. Hubbard's Orkney Birds. In I 835
Hope became President of T h e Entomological Society. His publications
include The Coltopterists Manual, a three-part work in eight volumes p u b
lished I 837-9, and Catalogues of his own collections; he contributed numerous papers and monographs to various learned societies for publication in
their journals.
Owing to frail health, the last two decades of Hope's life were spent
mainly in the warmer parts of Europe and the Mediterranean where he took
a great interest in the marine life of the area, forming large collections of
fishes, shells, and crustacea, together with bird specimens.
In 1849 Hope made a Deed of Gift ma
over his entire collection,
including his library and engravings, to the &%&ity
of Oxford and at the
same time founded a Professorship of Zoology. A further endowment through
his widow in 1862 augmented the stipend of the Hope Professorship, a
chair held by J. 0. Westwood until his death in I 892.
Hope's various collections of natural history were removed to the new

CHARLES HOSE
Charles Hose (1863-1gzg), son of the Revd. Thomas Charles Hose, was
born at Willian, Hertfordshire. H e matriculated in 1882 at Jesus College,
Cambridge, but did not graduate, leaving during his second year to become
a cadet in the Civil Service of Sarawak, Borneo. He left England in I 884 for
Kuching, capital of Sarawak, and subsequently rose to the position of Divisional Resident and Judge of the Supreme Court, eventually retiring from the
service in I 907. In I 909 he was again sent to Borneo on a special mission with
Dr. Erb, a Swiss geologist, to investigate the potential of the oilfields, work
based on earlier surveys.
As Divisional Resident, Hose had from time to time set out on punitive
expeditions into disturbed and largely unexplored territories, but although
head-hunting was only gradually being suppressed, he left the areas under his
administration settled and peaceful. During the course of his official work
Hose became an expert ethnologist on the native tribes and was also able to
indulge in his hobby of natural history, for which he had a keen taste, inherited from his father. His general field observations enriched zoological
and botanical records with many new species and at least three new genera,
and the British national collections benefited greatly as a result of his enthusiasm and success as a scientific collector.
Hose also compiled valuable information concerning the relationship of
the disease ben-beri to the consumption of milled rice by the natives. His
most important ethnographical work and anthropological research was carried
out among the tribes of Sarawak: he collaborated with Professor W.
McDougall in a monograph on The Pagan Tri6es of Bornto, I 91z, a standard

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S O N COLLECTORS

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S ON COLLECTORS

collected widely and recorded having found 16,ooc-20,ooo specimens of

insects and having shot and preserved 362 species of birds, together with
proportionally smaller numbers of other animals.
A few years after his return from Brazil, Burchell in 1834 received the
degree of D.C.L. Honoris (aura from the University of Oxford. This was the
only recognition of his work received by Burchell during his lifetime although
he. had spent his personal fortune in amassing his collections during his
travels. Several friends, including Sir William Hooker and William Swainson,
came to his aid, but he suffered considerable financial embarrassment and in
the years following his return from the New World in I 830 Burchell received
neither the recognition nor the fame which his great undertakings should
have brought him. In his eightieth year, disillusioned and left behind by the
onward sweep of advancing science, Burchell took his own life.
Apart from some bpecimens given to the British Museum, the bulk of
Burchell's collections, including his entomological, ethnological, geological,
and zoological material, were presented to the University in 1865 by his
sister Miss Anna Burchell. His botanical specimens and manuscripts passed
to Kew. Burchell described many new species, and many of his type specimens of birds and mammals are present in the Zoological Collections.

University Museum in 1861; these expanded rapidly as Mrs. Hope and

other donors purchased or presented additional collections including those
of Bates from the Amazon, Wallace's from the Malay Archipelago, and the
zoological collections from S. Africa and Brazil collected by Burchell.
The bulk of the zoological material in the Hope Collections, excluding the
entomological collections, was transferred in I 899 to the zoological collections, this material including mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and molluscs.
Additional material, largely ~ickledreptiles, including Ashmolean Museum
specimens, was transferred in 1949, and in 1962 a large number of pickled
invertebrates, chiefly crustacea, were passed to the Zoological Collections,
this material including Bell ~bllectionspecimens and those of other collectors, amongst which Gve now been rediscovers a number of type and suspected type specimens. Recently, in 1975, the dry collections of crustacea
were taken over by the Zoological Collections, and this also contains many of
Bell's types. Materid collected by Charles Darwin has been found among the
Hope and Bell Collections.

Revd. F. W. H O P E
Frederick William Hope, M.A. (1797-1 862), was educated at Christ Church
College and was later ordained. His early interest in natural history led him
to become one of the most eminent of British coleopterists and the possessor
of a very extensive collection of insects. Besides British specimens, he also
amassed at great expense averylarge exoticcollection including Indian, African,
and Asiatic rarities. Among Hope's purchases were Thomas Bell's collections of reptiles, crustacea, etc., and Mr. Hubbard's Orkney Birds. In I 835
Hope became President of T h e Entomological Society. His publications
include The Coltopterists Manual, a three-part work in eight volumes p u b
lished I 837-9, and Catalogues of his own collections; he contributed numerous papers and monographs to various learned societies for publication in
their journals.
Owing to frail health, the last two decades of Hope's life were spent
mainly in the warmer parts of Europe and the Mediterranean where he took
a great interest in the marine life of the area, forming large collections of
fishes, shells, and crustacea, together with bird specimens.
In 1849 Hope made a Deed of Gift ma
over his entire collection,
including his library and engravings, to the &%&ity
of Oxford and at the
same time founded a Professorship of Zoology. A further endowment through
his widow in 1862 augmented the stipend of the Hope Professorship, a
chair held by J. 0. Westwood until his death in I 892.
Hope's various collections of natural history were removed to the new

CHARLES HOSE
Charles Hose (1863-1gzg), son of the Revd. Thomas Charles Hose, was
born at Willian, Hertfordshire. H e matriculated in 1882 at Jesus College,
Cambridge, but did not graduate, leaving during his second year to become
a cadet in the Civil Service of Sarawak, Borneo. He left England in I 884 for
Kuching, capital of Sarawak, and subsequently rose to the position of Divisional Resident and Judge of the Supreme Court, eventually retiring from the
service in I 907. In I 909 he was again sent to Borneo on a special mission with
Dr. Erb, a Swiss geologist, to investigate the potential of the oilfields, work
based on earlier surveys.
As Divisional Resident, Hose had from time to time set out on punitive
expeditions into disturbed and largely unexplored territories, but although
head-hunting was only gradually being suppressed, he left the areas under his
administration settled and peaceful. During the course of his official work
Hose became an expert ethnologist on the native tribes and was also able to
indulge in his hobby of natural history, for which he had a keen taste, inherited from his father. His general field observations enriched zoological
and botanical records with many new species and at least three new genera,
and the British national collections benefited greatly as a result of his enthusiasm and success as a scientific collector.
Hose also compiled valuable information concerning the relationship of
the disease ben-beri to the consumption of milled rice by the natives. His
most important ethnographical work and anthropological research was carried
out among the tribes of Sarawak: he collaborated with Professor W.
McDougall in a monograph on The Pagan Tri6es of Bornto, I 91z, a standard

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S ON COLLECTORS

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S O N COLLECTORS

work of high merit, and also mapped the whole of Sarawak, including the
distribution of the native tribes.
In I 900 Cambridge University conferred on Hose the honorary degree of
Sc.D., and in 1929 he was made a Freeman of the City of London. His book
Fry9 Years of Romance and Research was published in I 927 with a list of his
publications; his other works include Natural Man (a Recordfrom Bomo),
1926, and TAP Field Book ofa Jungle Wallah, published in 1929, in which
year he died following an operation.

specimens of botanical, zoological, geological, and ethnological interest.

He owned a splendid and unique collection of New Zealand birds, formed
for him by the great authority on the New Zealand fauna, Sir Walter Buller;
these were suitably mounted for display purposes in twelve glass cases, eight
of which were exhibited in the New Zealand Court at the Colonial and Indian
Exhibition in I 886. The four cases added later contained many of the rarer
species of the New Zealand avifauna and, at the time, these birds constituted
one of the finest private collections of birds endemic or strictly confined to
New Zealand and the neighbouring islands, comprising 252 specimens and
I I 9 different species, many of which are now extinct, while others are rapidly
becoming so, and on this account alone the collection would have become
increasingly valuable.
T h e entire collection was presented to the University Museum by Mrs.
Silver in 1906 following the death of her husband in 1905, the valuable
ethnological material being passed to the Pitt Rivers Museum.
Unfortunately, between 1947 and 1950 it was noticed that this collection of birds, then exhibited in the Upper West Gallery of the Museum,
had become severely damaged by insect pests which in all probability had
gained access following warping and shrinking of the case structures; it was
decided to dismantle the cases in order to remove and salvage those specimens
which could still be preserved, but eventually only 109 birds were saved after
treatment, the remaining 143 being destroyed as damaged beyond any
possible treatment or repair, the latter including some skins of birds now
extinct.

F. P. P A S C O E
Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe (1813-93), an entomologist, was born in
Penzance, Cornwall, and was educated at Penzance Grammar School.
After some experience.in assisting a local surgeon he'proceeded to London to
study medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In r 836 Pascoe was appointed
Assistant Surgeon in the Royal Navy and sailed in the Buffalo to South Australia with Captain Hindmarsh who was later, as Sir John Hindmarsh, to
become the first Governor of that territory. Pascoe subsequently sailed to the
West Indies and also served in the Mediterranean.
Inheriting property in I 843, Pascoe retired from the Navy to live in Cornwall but after the death of his wife in 1851 decided to move to London in
order to devote himself to his science and the gradual formation of his
great entomological collection which was ultimately passed on to the British
Museum. Pascoe was President of The Entomological Society from 1864
to I 865 and published at least 70 papers in various scientific publications of an
entomological nature; he also published other separate works including
Zoological ClassiJcation, I 877, in eight volumes, and List of British Vertebrate
Animals, I 885. Although a believer in evolution, Pascoe was a persistent
opponent of natural selection. Me died in Brighton in 1893.
Part of Pascoe's insect collection was given to the Hope Department,
but entomology was not his only interest, as testified by his published works,
and his large collection of mammals, bird skins, fish, reptiles, mollusc shells
and crustacea, etc., which was presented to the University Museum by his
daughter in 1909, now forms part of the Zoological Collections.
S. W. S I L V E R
Steven William Silver, F.L.S. ( I 8 I 9-1 gas), was born in London and became
a businasman possessing numerous c o n n e c n p and extensive interests in
di5erent parts of the world related to his firm of
Silver & Co. Later in
life he moved to Berkghire to become Lord of the Manor at Letcombe Regis,
near Wantage.
During his lifetime Silver cultivated a long and lasting interest in natural
science and ethnology, accumulating a private museum which contained

m.

Sir W. C. T R E V E L Y A N
Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart. ( I 789-1 879), son of the fifth Baronet,
of Nettlecombe in Somerset, came from a family of original Cornish stock.
Me was educated at Harrow and University College, Oxford, where he took
his B.A. in 1820 and his M.A. in I 822. H e commenced his science studies at
Oxford and continued them later at Edinburgh.
In I 82 I Trevelyan visited the Faroe Islands and published an account of
his observations in The New Philosophical Journal. H e also travelled a great
deal in the south of Europe between 1 8 ~ and
5 1846, the year in which he
succeeded to the title and the family estates in Somerset, Devon, Cornwall,
and Northumberland. Trevelyan was elected a Fellow of the Geological
Society in I 8 I 7, and was also a Fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Me was a generous landlord and a keen agriculturist, being noted for his
private herd of shorthorn cattle. As a naturalist his favoured interests were
botany and geology; at Wallington he formed a good collection of curios,
books, and specimens illustrative of natural history and ethnology.
Trevelyan was a member of the Ashmolean Society and gave liberal support
to the building of the University Museum, taking an interest in the internal

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S ON COLLECTORS

B I O G R A P H I C A L N O T E S O N COLLECTORS

work of high merit, and also mapped the whole of Sarawak, including the
distribution of the native tribes.
In I 900 Cambridge University conferred on Hose the honorary degree of
Sc.D., and in 1929 he was made a Freeman of the City of London. His book
Fry9 Years of Romance and Research was published in I 927 with a list of his
publications; his other works include Natural Man (a Recordfrom Bomo),
1926, and TAP Field Book ofa Jungle Wallah, published in 1929, in which
year he died following an operation.

specimens of botanical, zoological, geological, and ethnological interest.

He owned a splendid and unique collection of New Zealand birds, formed
for him by the great authority on the New Zealand fauna, Sir Walter Buller;
these were suitably mounted for display purposes in twelve glass cases, eight
of which were exhibited in the New Zealand Court at the Colonial and Indian
Exhibition in I 886. The four cases added later contained many of the rarer
species of the New Zealand avifauna and, at the time, these birds constituted
one of the finest private collections of birds endemic or strictly confined to
New Zealand and the neighbouring islands, comprising 252 specimens and
I I 9 different species, many of which are now extinct, while others are rapidly
becoming so, and on this account alone the collection would have become
increasingly valuable.
T h e entire collection was presented to the University Museum by Mrs.
Silver in 1906 following the death of her husband in 1905, the valuable
ethnological material being passed to the Pitt Rivers Museum.
Unfortunately, between 1947 and 1950 it was noticed that this collection of birds, then exhibited in the Upper West Gallery of the Museum,
had become severely damaged by insect pests which in all probability had
gained access following warping and shrinking of the case structures; it was
decided to dismantle the cases in order to remove and salvage those specimens
which could still be preserved, but eventually only 109 birds were saved after
treatment, the remaining 143 being destroyed as damaged beyond any
possible treatment or repair, the latter including some skins of birds now
extinct.

F. P. P A S C O E
Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe (1813-93), an entomologist, was born in
Penzance, Cornwall, and was educated at Penzance Grammar School.
After some experience.in assisting a local surgeon he'proceeded to London to
study medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In r 836 Pascoe was appointed
Assistant Surgeon in the Royal Navy and sailed in the Buffalo to South Australia with Captain Hindmarsh who was later, as Sir John Hindmarsh, to
become the first Governor of that territory. Pascoe subsequently sailed to the
West Indies and also served in the Mediterranean.
Inheriting property in I 843, Pascoe retired from the Navy to live in Cornwall but after the death of his wife in 1851 decided to move to London in
order to devote himself to his science and the gradual formation of his
great entomological collection which was ultimately passed on to the British
Museum. Pascoe was President of The Entomological Society from 1864
to I 865 and published at least 70 papers in various scientific publications of an
entomological nature; he also published other separate works including
Zoological ClassiJcation, I 877, in eight volumes, and List of British Vertebrate
Animals, I 885. Although a believer in evolution, Pascoe was a persistent
opponent of natural selection. Me died in Brighton in 1893.
Part of Pascoe's insect collection was given to the Hope Department,
but entomology was not his only interest, as testified by his published works,
and his large collection of mammals, bird skins, fish, reptiles, mollusc shells
and crustacea, etc., which was presented to the University Museum by his
daughter in 1909, now forms part of the Zoological Collections.
S. W. S I L V E R
Steven William Silver, F.L.S. ( I 8 I 9-1 gas), was born in London and became
a businasman possessing numerous c o n n e c n p and extensive interests in
di5erent parts of the world related to his firm of
Silver & Co. Later in
life he moved to Berkghire to become Lord of the Manor at Letcombe Regis,
near Wantage.
During his lifetime Silver cultivated a long and lasting interest in natural
science and ethnology, accumulating a private museum which contained

m.

Sir W. C. T R E V E L Y A N
Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart. ( I 789-1 879), son of the fifth Baronet,
of Nettlecombe in Somerset, came from a family of original Cornish stock.
Me was educated at Harrow and University College, Oxford, where he took
his B.A. in 1820 and his M.A. in I 822. H e commenced his science studies at
Oxford and continued them later at Edinburgh.
In I 82 I Trevelyan visited the Faroe Islands and published an account of
his observations in The New Philosophical Journal. H e also travelled a great
deal in the south of Europe between 1 8 ~ and
5 1846, the year in which he
succeeded to the title and the family estates in Somerset, Devon, Cornwall,
and Northumberland. Trevelyan was elected a Fellow of the Geological
Society in I 8 I 7, and was also a Fellow of The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Me was a generous landlord and a keen agriculturist, being noted for his
private herd of shorthorn cattle. As a naturalist his favoured interests were
botany and geology; at Wallington he formed a good collection of curios,
books, and specimens illustrative of natural history and ethnology.
Trevelyan was a member of the Ashmolean Society and gave liberal support
to the building of the University Museum, taking an interest in the internal

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON COLLECTORS

decor, and even suggested that the carving of the capitals with ornament
might have the effect of distracting students from their research.
With his cousin Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan he edited the Trevelyan
Papers and was responsible for at least I 5 scientific papers mainly on geological
topics of the north of England. Both of his marriages were childless, and he
died at Wallington on 23 March I 879.
Trevelyan's collection of moilusc shells forms part of the Zoological
Collections of mollusca; many of the shells lack names and most lack any
collecting data; a part of this collection was destroyed in 1950. Also bequeathed in I 879 was the egg of the now extinct Great Auk.

Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L O F SPECIAL
SIGNIFICANCE

1
I

A C O N S I D E R A B L B number of type specimens are known to exist

within the Zoological Collections and at the present time some 1,131
specimens of type status are recorded, this figure including specimens
within syntypic series. T h e following list gives an indication of the
distribution within the various animal groups of the type material
located to date:
POIUFERA

CNIDARfA

MOLLUSCA
OLIGOCHAETA
ONYCHOPHORA
CRUSTACEA

W
'7
S+
35O

BRACHIOPODA

ASCIDIACEA

AMPHIBIA

REPTILIA

27

AVES

36
9

MAMMALIA

Other material is noted as being of suspected or possible type status,

while curation of collections is currently leading to the rediscovery of
more types, and it is anticipated that as more material is scrutinized,
either during routine curation or in response to scientific inquiries,
further examples of such material will be brought to light.
T h e Zoological Collections are known also to contain many
specimens which have been referred to, described, or figured in the
zoological literature, though no records have been maintained which
detail such material. Also present within the Collections are to be
found specimens of animal species now extinct, rare, or thought to be
in danger of extinction.
As indicated in the historical survey of the Zoological Collections,
the oldest wological collections of the University Museum are those
transferred from the original Ashmolean Museum and from the
Christ Church Museum.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON COLLECTORS

decor, and even suggested that the carving of the capitals with ornament
might have the effect of distracting students from their research.
With his cousin Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan he edited the Trevelyan
Papers and was responsible for at least I 5 scientific papers mainly on geological
topics of the north of England. Both of his marriages were childless, and he
died at Wallington on 23 March I 879.
Trevelyan's collection of moilusc shells forms part of the Zoological
Collections of mollusca; many of the shells lack names and most lack any
collecting data; a part of this collection was destroyed in 1950. Also bequeathed in I 879 was the egg of the now extinct Great Auk.

Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L O F SPECIAL
SIGNIFICANCE

1
I

A C O N S I D E R A B L B number of type specimens are known to exist

within the Zoological Collections and at the present time some 1,131
specimens of type status are recorded, this figure including specimens
within syntypic series. T h e following list gives an indication of the
distribution within the various animal groups of the type material
located to date:
POIUFERA

CNIDARfA

MOLLUSCA
OLIGOCHAETA
ONYCHOPHORA
CRUSTACEA

W
'7
S+
35O

BRACHIOPODA

ASCIDIACEA

AMPHIBIA

REPTILIA

27

AVES

36
9

MAMMALIA

Other material is noted as being of suspected or possible type status,

while curation of collections is currently leading to the rediscovery of
more types, and it is anticipated that as more material is scrutinized,
either during routine curation or in response to scientific inquiries,
further examples of such material will be brought to light.
T h e Zoological Collections are known also to contain many
specimens which have been referred to, described, or figured in the
zoological literature, though no records have been maintained which
detail such material. Also present within the Collections are to be
found specimens of animal species now extinct, rare, or thought to be
in danger of extinction.
As indicated in the historical survey of the Zoological Collections,
the oldest wological collections of the University Museum are those
transferred from the original Ashmolean Museum and from the
Christ Church Museum.

ZOOLOGICAL

ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE

MATERIAL O F S P E C I A L SIGNIFICANCE

I n I 9 I 7, preceding the tercentenary celebrations of the founder

of the Ashmolean Museum, an effort was made to trace the remnants
of the Tradescant-Ashmole material and some forty specimens dating
from the seventeenth century were brought to light, listed, and
published later in 1925 by R. T. Gunther, and in 1925 the Card
List of Benefactors (Old Ashmolean) was transferred to the Lewis
Evans Collection, this transfer being noted in the 38th Annual
Report of the Delegates of the University Museum, 1925.
Gunther in his publication stated

. ..

any specimen which can be referred to the Tradescant period is to be

valued as being the oldest type-specimen ofits kind now extant in any museum.
It is greatly to be desired that the transcendant historic importance of these
specimens of the seventeenth century may lead to their being removed from
the general collection, in which replacement of old specimens by new ones is
continually taking place, and to their being preserved under conditions of
greater security by themselves.
As Grensted has indicated, such collections and the writings based
on them are valuable not only to students of the history of science
but also because they represent stages in the emancipation of biologists
from the influence of Aristotle and Pliny.
Since 1917, perhaps owing to indifferent curating, the remnants
of the Tradescant-Ashmole collections have once again become dispersed. Probably an important factor in this disruption has been the
re-allocation of space within the Museum and the associated, and in
some instances unsupervised, movement of specimens from exhibition
court to store rooms and subsequently from one room to another.
I n I 926'4 and again in I 953, specimens of proven Tradescant material
were transferred to the Museum of the History of Science in Broad
Street to be exhibited to the public. I t is possible that more of these
early specimens may be rediscovered by diligent examination of
catalogues and of certain inked inscriptions, numbers, and tell-tale
markings on material in the collections. I t may be instructive here
to restate Gunther's observations in regard to these:
ample evidence of great
The majority of these relics of the past
antiquity on their rough,.cracked, or rubbed s u r e . Others, remounted at
some recent date, sho& signs of having been hewly prepared and of having
been given a fresher surface by remaceration, which has removed the old
protecting layers of dried skin and connective tissue. A common characteristic
are roughly made holes for purposes of suspension.

The identification marks upon the specimens afford a valuable clue to their
identity. They are of several kinds, and are, taken in order of age:
Early inscriptions in ink, mostly illegible. Of especial interest are the
on No. I 64 and the graffiti on Nos. 42, 144, and r 69.
2. Paper labels with written numbers in an early hand, e.g. '4' on No. r r I.
3. Paper labels with large printed numbers.
4. Paper labels with small printed numbers.
5. Large written numbers. These correspond with the numbers in Duncan's
Catalogue of r 836 and were evidently affixed to horns which, being hung
on walls at some height above the floor, could not have been readily
identified by numbers of smaller size.
6. Small pendant iron labels with numbers scratched on them. These appear
to have been exclusively used to indicate Tradescant specimens given by
the Founder.
7. Printed labels bearing words 'Ashmolean Museum' or 'A.M.' Probably
affixedafter the transference of the collections to the New Museum in
the Parks.
1.

Material from the Anatomical Museum at Christ Church has by

now been amalgamated with the general collections. T h e osteological specimens form the greater part of the osteological collections
possessed by the Zoological Collections, and have always been in use
for both teaching and display. T h e large Physiological Series, mostly
preserved in spirit, and consisting of around 2,000 preparations, has
been incorporated into the general classified stores of the Spirit Collections. I n 1971, some 22 preparations of human material from the
series were transferred on permanent loan for display in the Department of Human Anatomy at the request of Dr. Crawford; previously,
in 1953, a small amount of human material was similarly transferred,
and in that year, following consultation between the Curator and
Professor Sir W. E. L e Gros Clatk, numbers of human preparations
from this series were destroyed as being of no further value. Human
skulls originally obtained by Christ Church were included in the large
series gathered together for study by Professor George Rolleston, as
evidenced by entries in the Catalogue of Crania. Rolleston, Linacre
Professor of Physiology from 1860 to 1881, made a lifelong study of
the cerebral development and the classification of skulls in man, and
was responsible for what was then a magnificent collection housed
in the University Museum, the bulk of which was passed to the
British Museum (Natural History) during 1945-6, although selected
numbers of specimens were retained in Oxford in the collections of the
87

ZOOLOGICAL

ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE

MATERIAL O F S P E C I A L SIGNIFICANCE

I n I 9 I 7, preceding the tercentenary celebrations of the founder

of the Ashmolean Museum, an effort was made to trace the remnants
of the Tradescant-Ashmole material and some forty specimens dating
from the seventeenth century were brought to light, listed, and
published later in 1925 by R. T. Gunther, and in 1925 the Card
List of Benefactors (Old Ashmolean) was transferred to the Lewis
Evans Collection, this transfer being noted in the 38th Annual
Report of the Delegates of the University Museum, 1925.
Gunther in his publication stated

. ..

any specimen which can be referred to the Tradescant period is to be

valued as being the oldest type-specimen ofits kind now extant in any museum.
It is greatly to be desired that the transcendant historic importance of these
specimens of the seventeenth century may lead to their being removed from
the general collection, in which replacement of old specimens by new ones is
continually taking place, and to their being preserved under conditions of
greater security by themselves.
As Grensted has indicated, such collections and the writings based
on them are valuable not only to students of the history of science
but also because they represent stages in the emancipation of biologists
from the influence of Aristotle and Pliny.
Since 1917, perhaps owing to indifferent curating, the remnants
of the Tradescant-Ashmole collections have once again become dispersed. Probably an important factor in this disruption has been the
re-allocation of space within the Museum and the associated, and in
some instances unsupervised, movement of specimens from exhibition
court to store rooms and subsequently from one room to another.
I n I 926'4 and again in I 953, specimens of proven Tradescant material
were transferred to the Museum of the History of Science in Broad
Street to be exhibited to the public. I t is possible that more of these
early specimens may be rediscovered by diligent examination of
catalogues and of certain inked inscriptions, numbers, and tell-tale
markings on material in the collections. I t may be instructive here
to restate Gunther's observations in regard to these:
ample evidence of great
The majority of these relics of the past
antiquity on their rough,.cracked, or rubbed s u r e . Others, remounted at
some recent date, sho& signs of having been hewly prepared and of having
been given a fresher surface by remaceration, which has removed the old
protecting layers of dried skin and connective tissue. A common characteristic
are roughly made holes for purposes of suspension.

The identification marks upon the specimens afford a valuable clue to their
identity. They are of several kinds, and are, taken in order of age:
Early inscriptions in ink, mostly illegible. Of especial interest are the
on No. I 64 and the graffiti on Nos. 42, 144, and r 69.
2. Paper labels with written numbers in an early hand, e.g. '4' on No. r r I.
3. Paper labels with large printed numbers.
4. Paper labels with small printed numbers.
5. Large written numbers. These correspond with the numbers in Duncan's
Catalogue of r 836 and were evidently affixed to horns which, being hung
on walls at some height above the floor, could not have been readily
identified by numbers of smaller size.
6. Small pendant iron labels with numbers scratched on them. These appear
to have been exclusively used to indicate Tradescant specimens given by
the Founder.
7. Printed labels bearing words 'Ashmolean Museum' or 'A.M.' Probably
affixedafter the transference of the collections to the New Museum in
the Parks.
1.

Material from the Anatomical Museum at Christ Church has by

now been amalgamated with the general collections. T h e osteological specimens form the greater part of the osteological collections
possessed by the Zoological Collections, and have always been in use
for both teaching and display. T h e large Physiological Series, mostly
preserved in spirit, and consisting of around 2,000 preparations, has
been incorporated into the general classified stores of the Spirit Collections. I n 1971, some 22 preparations of human material from the
series were transferred on permanent loan for display in the Department of Human Anatomy at the request of Dr. Crawford; previously,
in 1953, a small amount of human material was similarly transferred,
and in that year, following consultation between the Curator and
Professor Sir W. E. L e Gros Clatk, numbers of human preparations
from this series were destroyed as being of no further value. Human
skulls originally obtained by Christ Church were included in the large
series gathered together for study by Professor George Rolleston, as
evidenced by entries in the Catalogue of Crania. Rolleston, Linacre
Professor of Physiology from 1860 to 1881, made a lifelong study of
the cerebral development and the classification of skulls in man, and
was responsible for what was then a magnificent collection housed
in the University Museum, the bulk of which was passed to the
British Museum (Natural History) during 1945-6, although selected
numbers of specimens were retained in Oxford in the collections of the
87

Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L OF S P E C I A L S I G N I F I C A N C E

Departments of Human Anatomy and Zoology and the Pitt Rivers

Museum.
T h e majority of the Christ Church Museum specimens bear small
printed labels, 'Dr. Lee's Trustees, Ch. Ch.' or 'Ch. Ch.', which were
probably affixed after transfer of the collections to the University
Museum. T h e osteological specimens generally carry small paper
labels bearing a handwritten catalogue number corresponding with
that given in the last ' e d i t i o n L a ~ o l o g i c a 1Catalogues, though a
few specimens have been observed to bear also a similar label referable
to the different number listed in earlier copies of Osteological Catalogues. Among bottled preparations other than those of the Physiological Series are many bearing labels giving a letter and number
reference which has been found to correspond with entries made in
large folio manuscript catalogues which list items in a classified series;
many jars, which by their general appearance and method of displaying
their contents appear to belong to this classified series, have lost
such labels. Some Christ Church specimens are still used in teaching;
some remain on display in the Museum court, including the skeleton
of the Giraffe, as also do the remains of Tradescant's Dodo, probably
the earliest documented museum specimen known in Britain. Nevertheless, it must be assumed that the ravages of time, neglect, loss of
labels, hard use in teaching laboratories, and the elimination of specimens by a succession of scientist-curators bave,added greatly to the
ultimate depletion of these historic collections. '

TEXT REFERENCES
I.

New Royal MS. qo 369, Royal Library of Copenhagen, as quoted in

Macray, Annah of the Bodleian, 2nd edn., p. 74.

2.

MS. Rawlinson Q. e. 36, Bodleian Library. (Summary Catalogue of

Westm MSS. records numbers only to Q. e. 3 5 but this MS. is present
in the stack, I 8 Feb. I 976.) Written in pencil, possibly by Humphrey
Owen before he was Librarian c. 1740-7.

3. Phillips MS. I 3841, pp. I 57-60, Old Bodleian Catalogue of Cimelia,

[located in Library Records] extracted from T h e Registrum Benefactorum, Bodleian Library: two entries in this MS. are noted as 'removed
to Museum'.
p. 4, now noted in pencil as p. 7, 'Mummiatum cadaver. Aaron Goodyear,
Turkish Mercht I 68 I .'
p. 6, now noted in pencil as p. I I, 'Ovum Stmthio-Camel: as Tabre
coelatum. J. Frederick, Commoner of University Coll. 1724.'
4. MS. Rawlinson B. 399, No. 5, Bodleian Library, 'Curiosities in the
Anatomy School', a catalogue by Heame of the various objects there
preserved in 1721, ff. 89-99, I I 7-32.
5. MS. Rawlinson C. 865, No. 5, Bodleian Library, 'An exact and particular account of the rarities in the Anatomy School, transcribed from
the original copy in Mr. Tho. Heame's hands by me R. Rawlinson
Oct. 1709', fol. 9.
6. Pointer, John, Oxoniensis Academia, London, 1749; a printed catalogue
of the collections, pp. I 56-65.
7. Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von, 'Oxford in 1710', from Reisen
(Travels), ed. W. H. and W. J. C. Quarrel, 1928, pp. 19-24.
8. Hearne, Tbomas, Remarks and Collectionr of, vol. v, ed. D. W. Rannie,
1901, p. 31. Diary, vol. liii, 9 March 1715.
9. Wood, Anthony i, Atbenae Oxoniensis, ed. P. Bliss, 1820, vol. iv, p.
358.
10.

Wood, Anthony, Tbe Life and Times of Antbony Wood, Antiguary of

Oxford 1632-1695 Descri6ed 6y Himre&, ed. Andrew Clark, 1892,
vol. ii, 1664-81, p. 429.

Z O O L O G I C A L M A T E R I A L OF S P E C I A L S I G N I F I C A N C E

Departments of Human Anatomy and Zoology and the Pitt Rivers

Museum.
T h e majority of the Christ Church Museum specimens bear small
printed labels, 'Dr. Lee's Trustees, Ch. Ch.' or 'Ch. Ch.', which were
probably affixed after transfer of the collections to the University
Museum. T h e osteological specimens generally carry small paper
labels bearing a handwritten catalogue number corresponding with
that given in the last ' e d i t i o n L a ~ o l o g i c a 1Catalogues, though a
few specimens have been observed to bear also a similar label referable
to the different number listed in earlier copies of Osteological Catalogues. Among bottled preparations other than those of the Physiological Series are many bearing labels giving a letter and number
reference which has been found to correspond with entries made in
large folio manuscript catalogues which list items in a classified series;
many jars, which by their general appearance and method of displaying
their contents appear to belong to this classified series, have lost
such labels. Some Christ Church specimens are still used in teaching;
some remain on display in the Museum court, including the skeleton
of the Giraffe, as also do the remains of Tradescant's Dodo, probably
the earliest documented museum specimen known in Britain. Nevertheless, it must be assumed that the ravages of time, neglect, loss of
labels, hard use in teaching laboratories, and the elimination of specimens by a succession of scientist-curators bave,added greatly to the
ultimate depletion of these historic collections. '

TEXT REFERENCES
I.

New Royal MS. qo 369, Royal Library of Copenhagen, as quoted in

Macray, Annah of the Bodleian, 2nd edn., p. 74.

2.

MS. Rawlinson Q. e. 36, Bodleian Library. (Summary Catalogue of

Westm MSS. records numbers only to Q. e. 3 5 but this MS. is present
in the stack, I 8 Feb. I 976.) Written in pencil, possibly by Humphrey
Owen before he was Librarian c. 1740-7.

3. Phillips MS. I 3841, pp. I 57-60, Old Bodleian Catalogue of Cimelia,

[located in Library Records] extracted from T h e Registrum Benefactorum, Bodleian Library: two entries in this MS. are noted as 'removed
to Museum'.
p. 4, now noted in pencil as p. 7, 'Mummiatum cadaver. Aaron Goodyear,
Turkish Mercht I 68 I .'
p. 6, now noted in pencil as p. I I, 'Ovum Stmthio-Camel: as Tabre
coelatum. J. Frederick, Commoner of University Coll. 1724.'
4. MS. Rawlinson B. 399, No. 5, Bodleian Library, 'Curiosities in the
Anatomy School', a catalogue by Heame of the various objects there
preserved in 1721, ff. 89-99, I I 7-32.
5. MS. Rawlinson C. 865, No. 5, Bodleian Library, 'An exact and particular account of the rarities in the Anatomy School, transcribed from
the original copy in Mr. Tho. Heame's hands by me R. Rawlinson
Oct. 1709', fol. 9.
6. Pointer, John, Oxoniensis Academia, London, 1749; a printed catalogue
of the collections, pp. I 56-65.
7. Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von, 'Oxford in 1710', from Reisen
(Travels), ed. W. H. and W. J. C. Quarrel, 1928, pp. 19-24.
8. Hearne, Tbomas, Remarks and Collectionr of, vol. v, ed. D. W. Rannie,
1901, p. 31. Diary, vol. liii, 9 March 1715.
9. Wood, Anthony i, Atbenae Oxoniensis, ed. P. Bliss, 1820, vol. iv, p.
358.
10.

Wood, Anthony, Tbe Life and Times of Antbony Wood, Antiguary of

Oxford 1632-1695 Descri6ed 6y Himre&, ed. Andrew Clark, 1892,
vol. ii, 1664-81, p. 429.

T E X T REFERENCES

T E X T REFERENCES
Ir

. Uffenbach, 2.C. von, 'Oxford in I 71o', from Travtls, ed. r 928, pp. 263 2-

12.

Men, M., 1964, The Tradrrcants: Their Plants, Gardms and Museum
1570-1642, erroneously refers to the remains of the Oxford Dodo as
being kept in the Ashmolean Museum.

Ashmolean Museum have been removed to suitable shelves in the Professor's room, and the large shells of the Trevelyan Collection, which for
many years have been stored in great confusion, have been placed on the
shelves previously occupied by the books.'
23. Atlay, J. B.,

I 903,

Sir Henry Wmtwwth Acland.

Sept. 1970,

24. Royal Society. Taxonomy. Report of a Committee appointed by the

Council of the Royal Society. 1963 (Chairman E. J. H. Corner)

r 4. Gunther, R. T., r 926, in Preface to The Diary and Will of Elias

Ashmolt, edited and extended from the original manuscript by R. T.
Gunther. Old Ashmolean Reprints 11, Oxford, 1927.

2 S. Cohen, D. M., and Lachner, E. A., 1969, Summary, in 'Natural history

collections past, present, future', Pm. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 82, p. 759.

r 3. Whitehead, P. J. P., Musturns Jomal, vol. 70, no.

PP. 541 55.

2,

r 5. Sloane MS. 3988, 'Catalogus of curiosities medals &c. bought from 1666
to 1670 with
(see also 3987, Will. Courten). M. Men, in The
Tradtscants, 1964, is in error in attributing the purchase of specimens
from Hester Tradescant to Dr. Walter Charleton ( I 61g-I707), physician to Charles I and 11, and of Magdalen Hall, 1635, and not to William
Charleton ( I 642-1 702).
r 6. Tylor, E. B., I 884, 'Life of Rolleston' [in Scitnt$c Paptrs and Addrtssrs
by Gtorgt Rolh~on,arranged and edited by W. Tumer, vol. i, p. xxix].
r 7. Tuckwell, W., r 901, Rtminiscrncrr of Oxford, pp. r 60, 272.
I 8.

Atlay, J. B., r 903, Sir Hrnry tYcntworth Acland, pp. 2 3 4 3 .

19. Pointer, John, 'Musaeum Pointerianum', a MS:catalogue, at present

on loan from St. John's College to the Museum of the History of Science,
where it is exhibited in the basement.
20.

2r

Gunther, R. T., 1917, 'Elias Ashmole, founder of the first public

museum of natural history', Nature, no. 2481, vol. 99, pp. 234, 5.

. Catalogut of

Books on Natural Scitncr in the RadclrJir Libra9 (to I 872),

vols. Radcliffe Trustees, I 877:
'In conformity with the resolution of the Bodley Curators, 17 Feb.
r 863. T h e use of the library of the museum is not confined (as is sometimes stated) to members of the University. AU persons have access to
it on conforming to the regulations. H. W. Acland F.R.S. Radcliffe
Lib. Jan. r 877.'
2

22.

Boume, G. C., 1907, Annual Report &@inacre

Profasor of Comparative A n a t o ~ y :'The Shell Room opening out of the north comdor
and containing :the valuable Barlee, Harvey, and Trevelyan collections
of shells has been overhauled and put in order as far as time has allowed.
T h e zoological books which once formed part of the Library of the

26. Hubendick, B., 1972, 'Museums and environment'. I.C.O.M.:

Museum in t A t S m i c r of Man Today and Tornorm, p. 45.

The

27. Vik, R., 1973, 'The role of natural history museums in u n i v e ~ v

education', in Engstrom, K., and Johnels, A. G., Natural History Musrrrmr
and the Community, Oslo, I 97 3.
28. Tylor, E. B., I 884, 'Life of Rolleston' [in Scimt$c Papers and Addrcssr
t5y Gcmgc Rollcston, arranged and edited by W. Tumer, vol. i, pp. &i&X].

29. Zusi, R. L., 1969, 'The role of museum collections in omithologicrl

research', Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 82, p. 659.

T E X T REFERENCES

T E X T REFERENCES
Ir

. Uffenbach, 2.C. von, 'Oxford in I 71o', from Travtls, ed. r 928, pp. 263 2-

12.

Men, M., 1964, The Tradrrcants: Their Plants, Gardms and Museum
1570-1642, erroneously refers to the remains of the Oxford Dodo as
being kept in the Ashmolean Museum.

Ashmolean Museum have been removed to suitable shelves in the Professor's room, and the large shells of the Trevelyan Collection, which for
many years have been stored in great confusion, have been placed on the
shelves previously occupied by the books.'
23. Atlay, J. B.,

I 903,

Sir Henry Wmtwwth Acland.

Sept. 1970,

24. Royal Society. Taxonomy. Report of a Committee appointed by the

Council of the Royal Society. 1963 (Chairman E. J. H. Corner)

r 4. Gunther, R. T., r 926, in Preface to The Diary and Will of Elias

Ashmolt, edited and extended from the original manuscript by R. T.
Gunther. Old Ashmolean Reprints 11, Oxford, 1927.

2 S. Cohen, D. M., and Lachner, E. A., 1969, Summary, in 'Natural history

collections past, present, future', Pm. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 82, p. 759.

r 3. Whitehead, P. J. P., Musturns Jomal, vol. 70, no.

PP. 541 55.

2,

r 5. Sloane MS. 3988, 'Catalogus of curiosities medals &c. bought from 1666
to 1670 with
(see also 3987, Will. Courten). M. Men, in The
Tradtscants, 1964, is in error in attributing the purchase of specimens
from Hester Tradescant to Dr. Walter Charleton ( I 61g-I707), physician to Charles I and 11, and of Magdalen Hall, 1635, and not to William
Charleton ( I 642-1 702).
r 6. Tylor, E. B., I 884, 'Life of Rolleston' [in Scitnt$c Paptrs and Addrtssrs
by Gtorgt Rolh~on,arranged and edited by W. Tumer, vol. i, p. xxix].
r 7. Tuckwell, W., r 901, Rtminiscrncrr of Oxford, pp. r 60, 272.
I 8.

Atlay, J. B., r 903, Sir Hrnry tYcntworth Acland, pp. 2 3 4 3 .

19. Pointer, John, 'Musaeum Pointerianum', a MS:catalogue, at present

on loan from St. John's College to the Museum of the History of Science,
where it is exhibited in the basement.
20.

2r

Gunther, R. T., 1917, 'Elias Ashmole, founder of the first public

museum of natural history', Nature, no. 2481, vol. 99, pp. 234, 5.

. Catalogut of

Books on Natural Scitncr in the RadclrJir Libra9 (to I 872),

vols. Radcliffe Trustees, I 877:
'In conformity with the resolution of the Bodley Curators, 17 Feb.
r 863. T h e use of the library of the museum is not confined (as is sometimes stated) to members of the University. AU persons have access to
it on conforming to the regulations. H. W. Acland F.R.S. Radcliffe
Lib. Jan. r 877.'
2

22.

Boume, G. C., 1907, Annual Report &@inacre

Profasor of Comparative A n a t o ~ y :'The Shell Room opening out of the north comdor
and containing :the valuable Barlee, Harvey, and Trevelyan collections
of shells has been overhauled and put in order as far as time has allowed.
T h e zoological books which once formed part of the Library of the

26. Hubendick, B., 1972, 'Museums and environment'. I.C.O.M.:

Museum in t A t S m i c r of Man Today and Tornorm, p. 45.

The

27. Vik, R., 1973, 'The role of natural history museums in u n i v e ~ v

education', in Engstrom, K., and Johnels, A. G., Natural History Musrrrmr
and the Community, Oslo, I 97 3.
28. Tylor, E. B., I 884, 'Life of Rolleston' [in Scimt$c Papers and Addrcssr
t5y Gcmgc Rollcston, arranged and edited by W. Tumer, vol. i, pp. &i&X].

29. Zusi, R. L., 1969, 'The role of museum collections in omithologicrl

research', Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 82, p. 659.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acland, H. W., I 8 53, Synopsis ofthe Physiological Smmcsin the Christ Church
Museum.
-and Ruskin, J., I 893, The Oxford Museum (from the original edition
I 859, with additions in I 893).
Men, M., I 964, The Tradescants: Their Plants, G a r b and Museum 15701642.
Atlay, J. B., I 903, Sir Henry Wntworth Rcland.
de Beer, Gavin, 1956, The Functions of the Natural History Museum. B.M.
(Nat. Hist.) DB 38782/1/252 500 9/96.
Bodleian Library, I y4 y, Bibliotheca Radcliviana 1749-1949.
Burchell, W. J., 1817, List of Quadrupedsfrom Southern Aftica.
-I 822, 1824, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols.
Cohen, D. M., and Cressey, R. F. (Symposium editors), 1969, 'Natural
history collections past, present, future', Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
vol. 82.
Craster, H. H . E., 1952, History of d e Bod/rion Library 1845-1945.
Crombie, A. C., I 954, Oxford's Contributionto the Origins of Modern Science.
Department of Education and Science, 1973, ~;porfon Provincial Museums
and Galleries. (Chairman C. W. Wright.) H.M.S.O.
Dictionary o f National Biography, various eds.
Duncan, P. B., I 836, Catalogue of the Ashmolean Museum.
Engstrom, K., and Johnels, A. G., 1973, Natural History Museums and the
Community.
Goodrich, E. S., 1894, 'Some reforms in the Oxford ~ni?ersity Museum',
Natural Science, vol. 5, no. 30.
Gunther, R. T., 1917, 'Elias Ashmole, founder of the first public museum
of natural history', Nature, vol. 99, no. 2481, 17 May.
-I 920, Early Science in Oxford, vol. i.
I 92 5 , Early Science in Oxford,
I 926, Preface to The Diary and
Elias Ashmole (Old Ashmolean
Reprints II,:Oxford, 1927).
Heanre, Thomas, Remarks and Collections of, vol. v, ed. D. W. Rannie, 1901
(Diary, vol. liii, I 7 I 5).

Hubendick, B., 1972, 'Museums and environment', I.C.O.M.: The Museum

in the Smicc of Man Today and Tommow.
Josten, C. H., 1960, 'Elias Ashmole, F.R.S. (1617-92)', Notes and Records
ofthe Rqal Society, vol. I 5.
Old Ashmolean Reprints: I. Muwwm Tradescantianum. [I 6561. Repr. I 92 5.
11. The Diary and Will o f Elias Ashmole, edited and extended from the
original manuscript by R. T. Gunther. 1927.
Oxford University: Hebdomadal Council, Report of the Committee on the
University Museum, March 1952 (Chairman L. W. Grensted).
-Further Report, November 1952.
Oxford University Museum: Annual Reports of the Delegates of the University Museum.
Annual Reports of the Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy and
(subsequently) of Zoology.
Annual Reports of the Committee for the Scientific Collections in the
University Museum.
Plot, Robert, 1705, The Natural History of Oxfwdsire.
Pointer, J., I 749, Oxoniensis Rcadcmia, or The Antiguities and Curiosities
ofthe University of Oxfwd.
Raddiffe Library: Cataloguc of the Works in Medicine and Nabral History
in the Radclzffc Library, Oxford. I 8 3 5.
Radcliffe Trustees: Catalogue of Books on Natural Science in the Radclzffc
Library (up to 1872). 1877.
Catalogue of Transactions of Societies, Periodicals and Memoirs. 4t h
edn., 1887.
Rolleston, G., Scicntijc Papers and Addresses, With a Biographical Sketch by
E. B. Tylw. 2 vols., I 884.
Royal Society: Taxonomy Report, I 963.
Sinclair, H. M., and Robb-Smith, A. H. T., 1950, R Shwt History of Anatomical Teaching at Oxfwd.
Standing Commission on Museums and Galleries (Chairman, the Earl of
Rose): 1963, S u m q of Prwincial Museums and Galleries. H.M.S.O.
I 968, Repari on the Univmities in Relation to Their Own and Other
Museums. H.M.S.O.
1976, Reparr on University Museums. H.M.S.O.
Tuckwell, W., I 90 I, Reminiscences of Oxfwd.
Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von (I ~ I O ) , 'Oxford in I ~ I O ' , from Reisen
(Trawls), ed. by W. H. and W. J. C. Quarrell, 1928.
Vernon, H. M., and Vernon, K. D., I 909, R History o f 3 e Oxford Museum.

93

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acland, H. W., I 8 53, Synopsis ofthe Physiological Smmcsin the Christ Church
Museum.
-and Ruskin, J., I 893, The Oxford Museum (from the original edition
I 859, with additions in I 893).
Men, M., I 964, The Tradescants: Their Plants, G a r b and Museum 15701642.
Atlay, J. B., I 903, Sir Henry Wntworth Rcland.
de Beer, Gavin, 1956, The Functions of the Natural History Museum. B.M.
(Nat. Hist.) DB 38782/1/252 500 9/96.
Bodleian Library, I y4 y, Bibliotheca Radcliviana 1749-1949.
Burchell, W. J., 1817, List of Quadrupedsfrom Southern Aftica.
-I 822, 1824, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols.
Cohen, D. M., and Cressey, R. F. (Symposium editors), 1969, 'Natural
history collections past, present, future', Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
vol. 82.
Craster, H. H . E., 1952, History of d e Bod/rion Library 1845-1945.
Crombie, A. C., I 954, Oxford's Contributionto the Origins of Modern Science.
Department of Education and Science, 1973, ~;porfon Provincial Museums
and Galleries. (Chairman C. W. Wright.) H.M.S.O.
Dictionary o f National Biography, various eds.
Duncan, P. B., I 836, Catalogue of the Ashmolean Museum.
Engstrom, K., and Johnels, A. G., 1973, Natural History Museums and the
Community.
Goodrich, E. S., 1894, 'Some reforms in the Oxford ~ni?ersity Museum',
Natural Science, vol. 5, no. 30.
Gunther, R. T., 1917, 'Elias Ashmole, founder of the first public museum
of natural history', Nature, vol. 99, no. 2481, 17 May.
-I 920, Early Science in Oxford, vol. i.
I 92 5 , Early Science in Oxford,
I 926, Preface to The Diary and
Elias Ashmole (Old Ashmolean
Reprints II,:Oxford, 1927).
Heanre, Thomas, Remarks and Collections of, vol. v, ed. D. W. Rannie, 1901
(Diary, vol. liii, I 7 I 5).

Hubendick, B., 1972, 'Museums and environment', I.C.O.M.: The Museum

in the Smicc of Man Today and Tommow.
Josten, C. H., 1960, 'Elias Ashmole, F.R.S. (1617-92)', Notes and Records
ofthe Rqal Society, vol. I 5.
Old Ashmolean Reprints: I. Muwwm Tradescantianum. [I 6561. Repr. I 92 5.
11. The Diary and Will o f Elias Ashmole, edited and extended from the
original manuscript by R. T. Gunther. 1927.
Oxford University: Hebdomadal Council, Report of the Committee on the
University Museum, March 1952 (Chairman L. W. Grensted).
-Further Report, November 1952.
Oxford University Museum: Annual Reports of the Delegates of the University Museum.
Annual Reports of the Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy and
(subsequently) of Zoology.
Annual Reports of the Committee for the Scientific Collections in the
University Museum.
Plot, Robert, 1705, The Natural History of Oxfwdsire.
Pointer, J., I 749, Oxoniensis Rcadcmia, or The Antiguities and Curiosities
ofthe University of Oxfwd.
Raddiffe Library: Cataloguc of the Works in Medicine and Nabral History
in the Radclzffc Library, Oxford. I 8 3 5.
Radcliffe Trustees: Catalogue of Books on Natural Science in the Radclzffc
Library (up to 1872). 1877.
Catalogue of Transactions of Societies, Periodicals and Memoirs. 4t h
edn., 1887.
Rolleston, G., Scicntijc Papers and Addresses, With a Biographical Sketch by
E. B. Tylw. 2 vols., I 884.
Royal Society: Taxonomy Report, I 963.
Sinclair, H. M., and Robb-Smith, A. H. T., 1950, R Shwt History of Anatomical Teaching at Oxfwd.
Standing Commission on Museums and Galleries (Chairman, the Earl of
Rose): 1963, S u m q of Prwincial Museums and Galleries. H.M.S.O.
I 968, Repari on the Univmities in Relation to Their Own and Other
Museums. H.M.S.O.
1976, Reparr on University Museums. H.M.S.O.
Tuckwell, W., I 90 I, Reminiscences of Oxfwd.
Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von (I ~ I O ) , 'Oxford in I ~ I O ' , from Reisen
(Trawls), ed. by W. H. and W. J. C. Quarrell, 1928.
Vernon, H. M., and Vernon, K. D., I 909, R History o f 3 e Oxford Museum.

93

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Whitehead, P. J. P., 1970, The Mustums Jounoi, vol. 70, no. 2, Sept.
Wittlin, Alma S., 1970, Musturns: In Starch of a Usodit Future (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Wood, Anthony, Athtor Oxoni~nsis.Vol. iv. Ed. P. Bliss, 1820.
The L q t and Times of Anthony Wood, Antigumy of Oxfwd1632-1695,
Dcscridtd by Himst$ Vol. ii, 1664-81. Ed. Andrew Ckrk, 1892.

APPENDIX I

LIST O F T H E PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS

T O T H E TRADESCANT COLLECTION
[From the Musaturn Trodmntionum, I 6561
King Charles
Queen Mary
George Duke of Buckingham
Lady Katharine Duchess of Buckingham
William Laud Archbishop of Cant:
Robert Earle of Salisbury
William Earle of Salisbury
Earle of Carlisle
Lord Viscount Dorchester
Lord Viscount Faulkland
Lord Strange
Lord Goring
Lord Cambden
Countesse of Arundell
Lady Matrevers
Lady Denbeigh
Lady Wootton
Lady Mary Villers
Lady Goring
Lady Killegray
Lady Christian Leviston
Sir Thomas Roe
Sir Christopher Hatton
Sir Henry Waoton
Sir Kenelme Digby
Sir Nathanael Bacon
Sir Butts Bacon
Sir Dudly Diggs
Sir Henry Vane
Sir Henry Palmer
Sir Robert Heath
Sir Peter Manwood
Sir John Trever

Sir William Boswell

Sir Clipsby Crew
Sir Alexander Gourdon
Sir James Bagg
Sir David Kirke
Sir Richard Wiseman
Sir John Smith
Sir John Wieldes
Sir Henry Meldree
Sir John Aemoote
Lady Roe
Lady Graimes
Doctor Owin
Doctor John Hill
Doctor Thomas Wharton
Doctor William Broad
Doctor Bugg
William Murray Esq.
William Curteene Esq.
Elias Ashmole Esq.
Captain Weddell
Captain Plumbey
Captain Ireland
Captain Cleborne
Captain Prim
Captain Wood
Captain West
Captain Swanley
Captain Adam Denton
Captain Trenchfield
Captain David Atchinson
Mr. Nicolas, Secretary to the
Navy

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Whitehead, P. J. P., 1970, The Mustums Jounoi, vol. 70, no. 2, Sept.
Wittlin, Alma S., 1970, Musturns: In Starch of a Usodit Future (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Wood, Anthony, Athtor Oxoni~nsis.Vol. iv. Ed. P. Bliss, 1820.
The L q t and Times of Anthony Wood, Antigumy of Oxfwd1632-1695,
Dcscridtd by Himst$ Vol. ii, 1664-81. Ed. Andrew Ckrk, 1892.

APPENDIX I

LIST O F T H E PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS

T O T H E TRADESCANT COLLECTION
[From the Musaturn Trodmntionum, I 6561
King Charles
Queen Mary
George Duke of Buckingham
Lady Katharine Duchess of Buckingham
William Laud Archbishop of Cant:
Robert Earle of Salisbury
William Earle of Salisbury
Earle of Carlisle
Lord Viscount Dorchester
Lord Viscount Faulkland
Lord Strange
Lord Goring
Lord Cambden
Countesse of Arundell
Lady Matrevers
Lady Denbeigh
Lady Wootton
Lady Mary Villers
Lady Goring
Lady Killegray
Lady Christian Leviston
Sir Thomas Roe
Sir Christopher Hatton
Sir Henry Waoton
Sir Kenelme Digby
Sir Nathanael Bacon
Sir Butts Bacon
Sir Dudly Diggs
Sir Henry Vane
Sir Henry Palmer
Sir Robert Heath
Sir Peter Manwood
Sir John Trever

Sir William Boswell

Sir Clipsby Crew
Sir Alexander Gourdon
Sir James Bagg
Sir David Kirke
Sir Richard Wiseman
Sir John Smith
Sir John Wieldes
Sir Henry Meldree
Sir John Aemoote
Lady Roe
Lady Graimes
Doctor Owin
Doctor John Hill
Doctor Thomas Wharton
Doctor William Broad
Doctor Bugg
William Murray Esq.
William Curteene Esq.
Elias Ashmole Esq.
Captain Weddell
Captain Plumbey
Captain Ireland
Captain Cleborne
Captain Prim
Captain Wood
Captain West
Captain Swanley
Captain Adam Denton
Captain Trenchfield
Captain David Atchinson
Mr. Nicolas, Secretary to the
Navy

A P P E N D I X I-TRADESCANT

COLLECTION BENEFACTORS

Mr. John Slany Merchant

Mr. Charleton Merchant
Mr. J a m s Boovy Merchant
Mr. John Millen
Mr. Thomas Howard
Mr. White of Burntwood
Mr. Ofield
Mr. Ofley
Mr. Greene
Mr. Munke
Mr. Sadler
Mr. Bushell
Mr. Liggon
Mr. George Tomasin
Mr. Dells
Mr. Gage
Mr. Pergins
Mr. Robert Martyn
Mr. Trion
Mr. Woolfe
Mr. Browne
Mr. Martin Masters

Mr. Butler
Mr. Phillips
Mr. Harison
Mr. Pette
Mr. Short
Mr. Bound
Mr. Stone
Mr. Bartholomew Hagatt
Mr. Reeve
Mr. Franus Cline
Mr. Thornas Herbert
Mr. Rowland Bucket
Mr. Snelling
Mr. Rowe
Mr. Smith
Mr. Butterworth
Mr. le Goulz
Mr. William Martyn
Mr. Lanyon
Mr. Gasper Calthoofe
Mr. William Lambert
Mr. John Benson
FINIS.

A P P E N D I X 11

L I S T O F BENEFACTORS
T O T H E ASHMOLEAN M U S E U M O F

ZOOLOGICAL M A T E R I A L
[Compiled from Gunther, Earfy Scitnct in Oxford, vol. iii]
1683I 684-

1686I 689I 69 I1706I 707I 708I 7 I 5I 7 16-

1717I 71gI 7 57I 7 S 81761-

ASHMOLE,
Elias
ELIOT,l., M.D., Exeter
COLVIL,
John, of Kelling, Norfolk
ERT,Edward, Balliol
CHAUETON,
William (His real name appears to have been COURTEN)
ROBERTS,
Nicholas
PLOT,Robert Keeper of the Museum I 68 3-90
POUND,
James
HAWS,Charles
LANNOY,
Timothy
LHWYD,
Edward Keeper of the Museum
WILKES,
John
W ~ D W A RJohn
D , Professor at Gresharn College
SHAW,
Thomas, Queen's
JOHNSON,
Henry, Christ Church
LETHIEULLIER,
Smamus, of Aldersbrook, Essex
~ W L I N S O N , Richard
PENNANT,
Thomas
PERROT,
Wiam

A P P E N D I X I-TRADESCANT

COLLECTION BENEFACTORS

Mr. John Slany Merchant

Mr. Charleton Merchant
Mr. J a m s Boovy Merchant
Mr. John Millen
Mr. Thomas Howard
Mr. White of Burntwood
Mr. Ofield
Mr. Ofley
Mr. Greene
Mr. Munke
Mr. Sadler
Mr. Bushell
Mr. Liggon
Mr. George Tomasin
Mr. Dells
Mr. Gage
Mr. Pergins
Mr. Robert Martyn
Mr. Trion
Mr. Woolfe
Mr. Browne
Mr. Martin Masters

Mr. Butler
Mr. Phillips
Mr. Harison
Mr. Pette
Mr. Short
Mr. Bound
Mr. Stone
Mr. Bartholomew Hagatt
Mr. Reeve
Mr. Franus Cline
Mr. Thornas Herbert
Mr. Rowland Bucket
Mr. Snelling
Mr. Rowe
Mr. Smith
Mr. Butterworth
Mr. le Goulz
Mr. William Martyn
Mr. Lanyon
Mr. Gasper Calthoofe
Mr. William Lambert
Mr. John Benson
FINIS.

A P P E N D I X 11

L I S T O F BENEFACTORS
T O T H E ASHMOLEAN M U S E U M O F

ZOOLOGICAL M A T E R I A L
[Compiled from Gunther, Earfy Scitnct in Oxford, vol. iii]
1683I 684-

1686I 689I 69 I1706I 707I 708I 7 I 5I 7 16-

1717I 71gI 7 57I 7 S 81761-

ASHMOLE,
Elias
ELIOT,l., M.D., Exeter
COLVIL,
John, of Kelling, Norfolk
ERT,Edward, Balliol
CHAUETON,
William (His real name appears to have been COURTEN)
ROBERTS,
Nicholas
PLOT,Robert Keeper of the Museum I 68 3-90
POUND,
James
HAWS,Charles
LANNOY,
Timothy
LHWYD,
Edward Keeper of the Museum
WILKES,
John
W ~ D W A RJohn
D , Professor at Gresharn College
SHAW,
Thomas, Queen's
JOHNSON,
Henry, Christ Church
LETHIEULLIER,
Smamus, of Aldersbrook, Essex
~ W L I N S O N , Richard
PENNANT,
Thomas
PERROT,
Wiam

I N D E X OF DONORS

The Pmentation Boolre of the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy and [subsequently] of the Zoological Collectio~
1883-1975.
Printed Annual Reports of the Linaar Professor of Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy and [subsequently] of the Zoological
Cokctions, 1883-1973.
The Catalogue of [Human] Crania.
The Reference Catdogus (= Acassiom Registers) of the Dept. of
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy and [subsequendy] of the Zoological Collections, 1891-1975.
The Accessions Registers of Birds.
The unrevised portion of the old Card Catalogue of B i s .
Card index of Donors to the B
i
d Skin Collection.
Card index of Donors to the MoIIusc Shell Collections.

A P P E N D I X 111

I N D E X O F DONORS
(Compiled to the year 1975)

A COMBINED ALPHABETICAL INDEX O F DONORS O F

ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL N O W C O N S T I T U T I N G T H E
Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S OF T H E O X F O R D
UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM

THISIndex includes references compiled from the printed Catalogue of

tkc Askmolean Mu~curn, 1836, and various other records, catalogues, and
documents recording donations up to the year 1975. T h e various sources
from which information has been compiled, and their respective coded
references within the index, are:
Printed Catalogue of the Asbmolran Mzumm, 1836.
Manuscript additions made to the main copy of the Ashmolean
Museum Catalogue, 1836, in the ZoologicaI Colls.
Manuscript additions made to a second copy of the Ash. Mus. Cat.
1836, in the Zoological Cob.
Register, 'Donations to The Museum, Ch. Ch.', covering entries
made between Jan. 1846 and May 1850.
Two 'Day Books of The Anatomical Museum, Christ Church',
covering the periods 18jc-7 and 1857-60.
Latest manuscript copies of the 'Osteologicd Catalogues'.
Latest manuscript copies of the 'Physiological Series' Catalogues.
Manuscript list, 'List of Donations to the Zoological Departments
of the Museum since the publication of Ashmolean Qplogues in
1836'.
Manuscript list, 'list of Donations to the British Natural History
departments in the Museum since the publication of the Catalogue of
the Ashmolean Museum, 1836'.
A smalI coIIeaion of manuscript lists of material noted 'Labelled',
'In spirit', 'Skeletons', etc.
Dept., O.U.M.'
Register, 'Additions to the M w u
covering entries made I 867-91.
Manuscri~ilist, 'Ethnology Osteology only', with entries made
between I 874 and I 88 I.
The 'O.U.M. ZooIogicaI Department Register of Donations', containing entries made 1882-93.

T h e various catalogues, lists, registers, and indices listed are aII maintained
in the Zoological Collections, many are in contemporary use.
When possible, the year of donation is given for entries in the Donor Index
together with the coded reference to the source of information; it has been
found necessary to adopt a number of conventions in recording such dates and
references:
(a) For donations adequately recorded by Annual Reports, the corresponding
Presentation Book reference is omitted.
(6) T h e codes [ R q and [BC] are given for entries lacking prior codes and in
instances where they facilitate tracing of particulars taken or transferred
from older catalogues or sources.
(c) When a date of donation is not recorded in earlier catalogues, the year of
accession is placed within square brackets after the code, e.g. [RC 18941.
(d) For entries where it may reasonably be assumed that the donation was
received in the year of accession the date is placed within square brackets
preceding the code, e.g. [I 932 RC].
(c) When the year of donation is uncertain or suspect, the date is placed
within round brackets, sometimes queried, e.g. (1929) [BC].
1
I

Inspection of sources used in compiling the Donor Index has revealed a

number of discrepancies between entries in the various catalogues, due partly
to variations in the spelling of names but also to difficulties in the transcription
of poor handwriting when newer versions of catalogues were being prepared.
Similar difficulties have been experienced in the preparation of this Index,
though comparison of the various entries has frequently rendered possible
the correction of errors and omissions in data, and it is anticipated that use of
this Index when undertaking curatorial and cataloguing operations will be of
great value in remedying the errors and deficiencies frequently discovered
in catalogues and on specimen labels.

I N D E X OF DONORS

The Pmentation Boolre of the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy and [subsequently] of the Zoological Collectio~
1883-1975.
Printed Annual Reports of the Linaar Professor of Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy and [subsequently] of the Zoological
Cokctions, 1883-1973.
The Catalogue of [Human] Crania.
The Reference Catdogus (= Acassiom Registers) of the Dept. of
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy and [subsequendy] of the Zoological Collections, 1891-1975.
The Accessions Registers of Birds.
The unrevised portion of the old Card Catalogue of B i s .
Card index of Donors to the B
i
d Skin Collection.
Card index of Donors to the MoIIusc Shell Collections.

A P P E N D I X 111

I N D E X O F DONORS
(Compiled to the year 1975)

A COMBINED ALPHABETICAL INDEX O F DONORS O F

ZOOLOGICAL MATERIAL N O W C O N S T I T U T I N G T H E
Z O O L O G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N S OF T H E O X F O R D
UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM

THISIndex includes references compiled from the printed Catalogue of

tkc Askmolean Mu~curn, 1836, and various other records, catalogues, and
documents recording donations up to the year 1975. T h e various sources
from which information has been compiled, and their respective coded
references within the index, are:
Printed Catalogue of the Asbmolran Mzumm, 1836.
Manuscript additions made to the main copy of the Ashmolean
Museum Catalogue, 1836, in the ZoologicaI Colls.
Manuscript additions made to a second copy of the Ash. Mus. Cat.
1836, in the Zoological Cob.
Register, 'Donations to The Museum, Ch. Ch.', covering entries
made between Jan. 1846 and May 1850.
Two 'Day Books of The Anatomical Museum, Christ Church',
covering the periods 18jc-7 and 1857-60.
Latest manuscript copies of the 'Osteologicd Catalogues'.
Latest manuscript copies of the 'Physiological Series' Catalogues.
Manuscript list, 'List of Donations to the Zoological Departments
of the Museum since the publication of Ashmolean Qplogues in
1836'.
Manuscript list, 'list of Donations to the British Natural History
departments in the Museum since the publication of the Catalogue of
the Ashmolean Museum, 1836'.
A smalI coIIeaion of manuscript lists of material noted 'Labelled',
'In spirit', 'Skeletons', etc.
Dept., O.U.M.'
Register, 'Additions to the M w u
covering entries made I 867-91.
Manuscri~ilist, 'Ethnology Osteology only', with entries made
between I 874 and I 88 I.
The 'O.U.M. ZooIogicaI Department Register of Donations', containing entries made 1882-93.

T h e various catalogues, lists, registers, and indices listed are aII maintained
in the Zoological Collections, many are in contemporary use.
When possible, the year of donation is given for entries in the Donor Index
together with the coded reference to the source of information; it has been
found necessary to adopt a number of conventions in recording such dates and
references:
(a) For donations adequately recorded by Annual Reports, the corresponding
Presentation Book reference is omitted.
(6) T h e codes [ R q and [BC] are given for entries lacking prior codes and in
instances where they facilitate tracing of particulars taken or transferred
from older catalogues or sources.
(c) When a date of donation is not recorded in earlier catalogues, the year of
accession is placed within square brackets after the code, e.g. [RC 18941.
(d) For entries where it may reasonably be assumed that the donation was
received in the year of accession the date is placed within square brackets
preceding the code, e.g. [I 932 RC].
(c) When the year of donation is uncertain or suspect, the date is placed
within round brackets, sometimes queried, e.g. (1929) [BC].
1
I

Inspection of sources used in compiling the Donor Index has revealed a

number of discrepancies between entries in the various catalogues, due partly
to variations in the spelling of names but also to difficulties in the transcription
of poor handwriting when newer versions of catalogues were being prepared.
Similar difficulties have been experienced in the preparation of this Index,
though comparison of the various entries has frequently rendered possible
the correction of errors and omissions in data, and it is anticipated that use of
this Index when undertaking curatorial and cataloguing operations will be of
great value in remedying the errors and deficiencies frequently discovered
in catalogues and on specimen labels.

A P P E N D I X I11

ABBAY,Revd. R., 1871 W];1872

[OC]; 1882 [EO]; [RC 19151
ABBY, E. A. (Cornwallis, Benton, ALISON,- ~rOf.William Pulteney (Prof.
Oregon), [CCr]
of Medicine, Edinburgh), [D:DM]
AEINGDON,
The Earl of, 1920 [AR]
[also spelt ALLISON]
Mrs. Charles, 1848 [DM]
ACLAND,
ALLEN,
F. G. H., 1958 [RC 19691
ACLAND,
Capt. Frank, R.N., 1886 ALLEN,Revd. G. D., 1899 [AR]
ALLEN,Revd. R. (New College), 1843
CCCrI
ACLAND,Sir Henry Wentworth,
[AMAr; AMAz; MsLI; BDI;
[MsLII*; [OCI*; 1839 [BC]*; 1848
BC5 RC 19331
[DM]; 1849 [BC]*; 1850 [DBI*; ALLEN,Revd. Dr. (St. John's College),
1850 [DM]; 1851 [DBI*; 1853
[ B q [specimen noted as of Ash[DBI*; 1856 [AMAII*; 1856 [BC]*;
molean Museum, but not traced in
1857 [DBI*; 1858 [CCr]; 1859
the Ashmolean Museum Catalogue
[DBI*; 1860 [AMAII*; 1860
of 18361
[AMAzI*; 1860 PC]*; 1876 ALLISON,
Prof. William Pulteney, sec
[MDII*; 1886 [RD]; 1892 [AR];
ALISON
I 892 [RC]; [RC, 18991' (References
ALLISON,
Mrs.,1950 [PB]
marked with an asterisk are those ALMOND,
Mrs.,191I [AR]
referring to ACLAND,Dr., but are AMERICAN MUSEUMOF NATURAL
referable to Sir H. W. Acland)
HISTORY,1922 [AR]; 1925 [ARIi
ACLAND,
H. D., 1886 [AR]
1926 [AR]
ACLAND,
J. B., 1857 [DB]
AMES,Felix Lyde, 1884 [AR]
ACWD, J. D. (Christ Church), 1848 ANDERSON,
Dr. A. F., 1869 WA];
[ D V ; [RC 19081
1869 [CCr]; 1871 W]
ACLAND,
Miss S. A., 1888 [RD]; 1912 ANDERSON,
Revd. J. H. (Balliol
College), 1843 [AMAz] [Note: the
PR1
ACLAND,Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart.,
initials J. H.'& probably in error
and are a mis-transcription of J. M.
1878 COCI
ACLAND,
Cdr. William A. D. (H.M.S.
The entry is almost certainly referTriumph), 1874 [EO]; [CCr]
able to the Revd. J. S. M. Anderson
ACLAND,
Miss (Kellerton), 1854 [DB]
of Balliol College]
ADAMS,
J. K., 1933 [PB]
Revd. J. S. M. (BallioI
ANDERSON,
ADAMS,
Miss Sally, 1959 CAR]
College), 1842 [AMAI]; 1842 [BC];
ADAMS,
Dr., 1863 WsL31
;
B%
1843 ~ L IAMAI;
ADEGBITE,
G., 1956 [PB]
ANDREW,
Dr., [CCr]
AGASSIZ, Prof. A., [RC 18941
ANGUS,
Dr. Rotert, 1970 CAR 19711
A c R r c u L T m ~ EcoNoMrcs RE- ANNANDALE,
J. N. (and - Robinson),
SEARCH INSTITUTE,
OXFORD,1957
1904 CPBI
ANNANDALE,
T. N., 1898 [AR]; 1899
CPBI
AGRICULTURE
& TECHNICAL
INCAR]; 1911 [RC 19121; 1912
STRUCTION FOR IRELAND,
Depart[ARI;Iw'~ CAR1
ment of, I 914 [AR]
ANSON, L#&&,
1891 [RD]; 1911
AIGLE, M. le Marquis, de l', 1876
rARl
ANSORGE,
Dr. W. J., 1909 CAR]
coq; 1878 W1 "
ALCOCK,
A., 1895 CAR]
ANSTRUTHER,
Lady, 1863 [CCr]
ALDWORTH,
Mr., 1879 [RC 19621
~ T H R O P O L O C ~ C ASOCIETY
L
OF BOMALEXANDER,
W. B., I932 CAR]; 1933
BAY, 1888 [oq

I N D E X OF DONORS

as w e r , -, but is referable to B.
ANWERPZoo, 1895 [RC 19161
Baker. Another entry gives name as
A P L ~Mrs.
, D., 1940 [PB]
Barker, B., Christ Church], 1827
APLIN, 0. V., 1891 [RD]; 1896 [RC,
BDrJ; COLLECTION, 1940 [AR 19411
[AM)
BAKER,J. Bernard, 1927 [RC 1933;
AUCHER-WILKES,
Mrs., 1948 [PB]
ARILELL,
Dr. W. J., 1935 [PB]
Bq
BAKER,Dr. John R., 1927 [AR];
ARNOLD,
D. C., 1951 [PB]
1928 [AR]; 1930 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
ARNOLD,E. N., 1961 CAR 19621;
1935 [PB'I; 1936 [PB; PS]; 1937
1966 [PB]
ARNOLD,
Miss W. P., 1967 [PB]
W]; 1938 CPBI; 1939 CPBI; 1943
ASHHURST,
Revd. Dr., 1848 [ D q
CRq; I947 [RC]; 1950 CPBI;
ASHMOLE,
Elias, [ A m
I954 CPBI; m957 CPBI; 1967 CAR
ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUM,1875
19681; 1969 CPBI
S. J., 1926 [AR]
1876 W]; 1878 W, OC3; BAKER,
BAKER,Su Thomas, [BC] (entries
1881-2 W]
ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUMCOLLECTION, noted as Sir T. Baker are referable
to Sir Thomas Baker)
1860 [RC 1894, 18951; [PS]
BAKER,
Mr., 1879
OC]
ASHMOLEAN
SOCIETY,[ A W
BAKER,
- (Christ Church), 1826 [BC]
ASHURSTH
(zic), T., [OC] ,
(referred to B. Baker, [ A w )
ASHWORTH,
Dr. J. H., 1910 CAR]
H., 1888 CAR]; 1889 [PB;
ASHWORTH,Thomas (of Cheadle), BALFOUR,
OC]; 1901 [CCri RC]; 1908 CAR];
PSI
1909 [AR]; 1916 [PB]; 1918 WDI];
ASKEY,P., 194.4 [BC]
1922 [PB]; 1924 [AR]; 1928 [ARIi
ASTLEY,Edward (St. Mary Hall),
1929
CAR]; 1932 CAR 1932-31;
[M
ASTLEY,Herbert D., 1885 [AR]
1933 CAR 1932-31; 1934 [PB]
Prof. I. Bayley, 1885 [AR];
AUSTRALIAN
MUSEUM,
SYDNEY,
1880 BALFOUR,
1886 WDI]
[PS]; 1881 p];
1894 [AR];
BALL, Revd. C. Spencer, 1952 [RC]
[RC 18941
BALL,Dr., 1874 [RC 19011
AWDRY,Revd. T. G., 1896 [PB];
W. E., 1908 [ARIi 1909
1896 [BC, where noted as Revd. BALSTON,
[AR]; 1911 [AR]
T. A. Awdry, in error]
BANKS,
E., 1935 [PB]
BARBADOES, Bishop of, 1878 WDI]
BADEN-POWELL,
D., 1951 [PB]
BARCAS,
Alderman T. P., [RC 18973
BAGNALL,
R. S., 1913 [AR]
(a variant spelling, see BARKAS)
BAGSHAWE,
Benjamin, Jr., [CCr]
Miss M., 1933 [AR]; 1934
BAHL, Prof. K. N., 1921 [RC]; 1922 BARCLAY,
[PBli 1936 CPBl; 1937 [PBI
CAR1i 1923 [PBI i 1940 [PBI
BARCLAY,
Robert (Bury Hill), [AM];
BAILY,R. E. H., 1913 [AR]
1827 PDI]; 1828 PC]; 1830 PC];
BAILY,W. A., 1899 [AR]
BAXNES,
Miss K. L., 1959 [PB]
[RC 19271
Alderman T. P., 1886 [AR];
BARD,Prof. Spencer, 1883 CAR]; 1884 BARKAS,
[RC 1897, name spelt Barcas]
CAR1
BARKELL,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
B A ~ DMr.,
, 1962 [RC]
Dr., later Prof. David, 1949
BAIRSTOW,
S. D., COLLECTION, 1891 BARKER,
[RC]; 1952 [PBI; 1956 [RC]
CRDI
George, COLLECTION, [MDI]
BAKER,B. (Christ Church), 1826 BARLEE,
Dr. K. H., 1960 [PB]
[BC, in which entry name appears BARNARD,

m];

m;

A P P E N D I X I11

ABBAY,Revd. R., 1871 W];1872

[OC]; 1882 [EO]; [RC 19151
ABBY, E. A. (Cornwallis, Benton, ALISON,- ~rOf.William Pulteney (Prof.
Oregon), [CCr]
of Medicine, Edinburgh), [D:DM]
AEINGDON,
The Earl of, 1920 [AR]
[also spelt ALLISON]
Mrs. Charles, 1848 [DM]
ACLAND,
ALLEN,
F. G. H., 1958 [RC 19691
ACLAND,
Capt. Frank, R.N., 1886 ALLEN,Revd. G. D., 1899 [AR]
ALLEN,Revd. R. (New College), 1843
CCCrI
ACLAND,Sir Henry Wentworth,
[AMAr; AMAz; MsLI; BDI;
[MsLII*; [OCI*; 1839 [BC]*; 1848
BC5 RC 19331
[DM]; 1849 [BC]*; 1850 [DBI*; ALLEN,Revd. Dr. (St. John's College),
1850 [DM]; 1851 [DBI*; 1853
[ B q [specimen noted as of Ash[DBI*; 1856 [AMAII*; 1856 [BC]*;
molean Museum, but not traced in
1857 [DBI*; 1858 [CCr]; 1859
the Ashmolean Museum Catalogue
[DBI*; 1860 [AMAII*; 1860
of 18361
[AMAzI*; 1860 PC]*; 1876 ALLISON,
Prof. William Pulteney, sec
[MDII*; 1886 [RD]; 1892 [AR];
ALISON
I 892 [RC]; [RC, 18991' (References
ALLISON,
Mrs.,1950 [PB]
marked with an asterisk are those ALMOND,
Mrs.,191I [AR]
referring to ACLAND,Dr., but are AMERICAN MUSEUMOF NATURAL
referable to Sir H. W. Acland)
HISTORY,1922 [AR]; 1925 [ARIi
ACLAND,
H. D., 1886 [AR]
1926 [AR]
ACLAND,
J. B., 1857 [DB]
AMES,Felix Lyde, 1884 [AR]
ACWD, J. D. (Christ Church), 1848 ANDERSON,
Dr. A. F., 1869 WA];
[ D V ; [RC 19081
1869 [CCr]; 1871 W]
ACLAND,
Miss S. A., 1888 [RD]; 1912 ANDERSON,
Revd. J. H. (Balliol
College), 1843 [AMAz] [Note: the
PR1
ACLAND,Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart.,
initials J. H.'& probably in error
and are a mis-transcription of J. M.
1878 COCI
ACLAND,
Cdr. William A. D. (H.M.S.
The entry is almost certainly referTriumph), 1874 [EO]; [CCr]
able to the Revd. J. S. M. Anderson
ACLAND,
Miss (Kellerton), 1854 [DB]
of Balliol College]
ADAMS,
J. K., 1933 [PB]
Revd. J. S. M. (BallioI
ANDERSON,
ADAMS,
Miss Sally, 1959 CAR]
College), 1842 [AMAI]; 1842 [BC];
ADAMS,
Dr., 1863 WsL31
;
B%
1843 ~ L IAMAI;
ADEGBITE,
G., 1956 [PB]
ANDREW,
Dr., [CCr]
AGASSIZ, Prof. A., [RC 18941
ANGUS,
Dr. Rotert, 1970 CAR 19711
A c R r c u L T m ~ EcoNoMrcs RE- ANNANDALE,
J. N. (and - Robinson),
SEARCH INSTITUTE,
OXFORD,1957
1904 CPBI
ANNANDALE,
T. N., 1898 [AR]; 1899
CPBI
AGRICULTURE
& TECHNICAL
INCAR]; 1911 [RC 19121; 1912
STRUCTION FOR IRELAND,
Depart[ARI;Iw'~ CAR1
ment of, I 914 [AR]
ANSON, L#&&,
1891 [RD]; 1911
AIGLE, M. le Marquis, de l', 1876
rARl
ANSORGE,
Dr. W. J., 1909 CAR]
coq; 1878 W1 "
ALCOCK,
A., 1895 CAR]
ANSTRUTHER,
Lady, 1863 [CCr]
ALDWORTH,
Mr., 1879 [RC 19621
~ T H R O P O L O C ~ C ASOCIETY
L
OF BOMALEXANDER,
W. B., I932 CAR]; 1933
BAY, 1888 [oq

I N D E X OF DONORS

as w e r , -, but is referable to B.
ANWERPZoo, 1895 [RC 19161
Baker. Another entry gives name as
A P L ~Mrs.
, D., 1940 [PB]
Barker, B., Christ Church], 1827
APLIN, 0. V., 1891 [RD]; 1896 [RC,
BDrJ; COLLECTION, 1940 [AR 19411
[AM)
BAKER,J. Bernard, 1927 [RC 1933;
AUCHER-WILKES,
Mrs., 1948 [PB]
ARILELL,
Dr. W. J., 1935 [PB]
Bq
BAKER,Dr. John R., 1927 [AR];
ARNOLD,
D. C., 1951 [PB]
1928 [AR]; 1930 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
ARNOLD,E. N., 1961 CAR 19621;
1935 [PB'I; 1936 [PB; PS]; 1937
1966 [PB]
ARNOLD,
Miss W. P., 1967 [PB]
W]; 1938 CPBI; 1939 CPBI; 1943
ASHHURST,
Revd. Dr., 1848 [ D q
CRq; I947 [RC]; 1950 CPBI;
ASHMOLE,
Elias, [ A m
I954 CPBI; m957 CPBI; 1967 CAR
ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUM,1875
19681; 1969 CPBI
S. J., 1926 [AR]
1876 W]; 1878 W, OC3; BAKER,
BAKER,Su Thomas, [BC] (entries
1881-2 W]
ASHMOLEAN
MUSEUMCOLLECTION, noted as Sir T. Baker are referable
to Sir Thomas Baker)
1860 [RC 1894, 18951; [PS]
BAKER,
Mr., 1879
OC]
ASHMOLEAN
SOCIETY,[ A W
BAKER,
- (Christ Church), 1826 [BC]
ASHURSTH
(zic), T., [OC] ,
(referred to B. Baker, [ A w )
ASHWORTH,
Dr. J. H., 1910 CAR]
H., 1888 CAR]; 1889 [PB;
ASHWORTH,Thomas (of Cheadle), BALFOUR,
OC]; 1901 [CCri RC]; 1908 CAR];
PSI
1909 [AR]; 1916 [PB]; 1918 WDI];
ASKEY,P., 194.4 [BC]
1922 [PB]; 1924 [AR]; 1928 [ARIi
ASTLEY,Edward (St. Mary Hall),
1929
CAR]; 1932 CAR 1932-31;
[M
ASTLEY,Herbert D., 1885 [AR]
1933 CAR 1932-31; 1934 [PB]
Prof. I. Bayley, 1885 [AR];
AUSTRALIAN
MUSEUM,
SYDNEY,
1880 BALFOUR,
1886 WDI]
[PS]; 1881 p];
1894 [AR];
BALL, Revd. C. Spencer, 1952 [RC]
[RC 18941
BALL,Dr., 1874 [RC 19011
AWDRY,Revd. T. G., 1896 [PB];
W. E., 1908 [ARIi 1909
1896 [BC, where noted as Revd. BALSTON,
[AR]; 1911 [AR]
T. A. Awdry, in error]
BANKS,
E., 1935 [PB]
BARBADOES, Bishop of, 1878 WDI]
BADEN-POWELL,
D., 1951 [PB]
BARCAS,
Alderman T. P., [RC 18973
BAGNALL,
R. S., 1913 [AR]
(a variant spelling, see BARKAS)
BAGSHAWE,
Benjamin, Jr., [CCr]
Miss M., 1933 [AR]; 1934
BAHL, Prof. K. N., 1921 [RC]; 1922 BARCLAY,
[PBli 1936 CPBl; 1937 [PBI
CAR1i 1923 [PBI i 1940 [PBI
BARCLAY,
Robert (Bury Hill), [AM];
BAILY,R. E. H., 1913 [AR]
1827 PDI]; 1828 PC]; 1830 PC];
BAILY,W. A., 1899 [AR]
BAXNES,
Miss K. L., 1959 [PB]
[RC 19271
Alderman T. P., 1886 [AR];
BARD,Prof. Spencer, 1883 CAR]; 1884 BARKAS,
[RC 1897, name spelt Barcas]
CAR1
BARKELL,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
B A ~ DMr.,
, 1962 [RC]
Dr., later Prof. David, 1949
BAIRSTOW,
S. D., COLLECTION, 1891 BARKER,
[RC]; 1952 [PBI; 1956 [RC]
CRDI
George, COLLECTION, [MDI]
BAKER,B. (Christ Church), 1826 BARLEE,
Dr. K. H., 1960 [PB]
[BC, in which entry name appears BARNARD,

m];

m;

A P P E N D I X I11

BWES, Lieut. H. Edwin, 1883 [AR]

BARNES,
J. A. G., [BC]
BARNES,
Dr., 1851 [DB]
BARNES,Revd. Dr. (Christ Church),
[AM]
BARRETT,
J. R., 1891 [RC]
BARRINGTON,
-, The Bishop of
Durham, [ A y ; [OC]
BARROW,John, COLLECTION, 1868
P D I ; RC 19271
BARTON,
Col., 1872 [CO]
BATCHEWR,
G. J., 1907 [AR]
BATEMAN,
b h u r W., 1869
MsL3; OCJ; 1870
OC;
CCr]; 1875 WA]; 1876 W;
N L 3 ; oc]; 1877 W]
BATES,S. Argyle, 1881 [RC 1894 &
18981
BATHER,
F. A., 1887 [AR]
BATHY,Mrs. Braithwaite, 1909 [AR]
BATT,Dr., 1874 [CCr]; 1878
1879 M]
BATTY-PUTT,MT., 1954 [PB]
BAXTER,J. R., 1940 [PB]
BAYLEY,
Mrs. Iris, 1952 [PB]
BEALE,J. H., [OC]
BEALE,
Dr., 1853 [DB]
BEAUFOIS,
- Esq., [OC]
BEAUFORT,
L. P., 1912 [AR]
BECK,Dr. Eldon, 195I [PB]
BECK,George, 1878 [MA; OC]
BECK, Marcus, 1878 1 [RC 18941;
1878 [RC 18991
BECKERLEGGE,
R., 1948 [PB]
BEDDARD,
F. E., 1894[PB]; 1895 [AR]
BEECHEY,
Capt., R.N., [AM]
BELCHER,
Capt. Sir Edward, R.N.,
1848 P M ] ; [PS]
BELCHER,
Miss, 1957 [PB]
BELL,A. R. M., 1975 [PB]
BELL, Revd. G. C., 1887 [AR]
BELL,Revd. J. W. B., 1889 [AR]
BELL, Prof. Thomu, 1861 [RC];
1874 [ R q ; 187,4 [RC 18951;
1894 [RC]; (incl. +fences to Bell
Collection)
BELLEW,
Dr., 1872 [CO]
BELLOWS,
John, 1877 [CCr]

m;
m;

m];

BELSON,Revd. W. E. (Oriel College),

1891 [RD; BC]
BENEDEN,Prof. van, 1884 [PB];
1893 [RC 18941
BENHAM,Dr. W. B., 1893 [RC];
1895 [AR]; 1896 [PB]; 1897 [AR];
1912 [RC]
BENNET,W., 1836 [AMAz] (spelling
probably in error for Bennett, W.)
BENNETT,
E. N., C. 1904 [RC 19331;
P C , an entry giving the name as
E. Bennett (Hertford College), c.
19041
BENNETT,
Dr. G., 1875 [RC 18991
BENNETT,
WiUiam (Farringdon House,
Berks.), [AM]; [AMAI]
BENNETT,
W., 1836 [AMAr; MsLI]
(It seems likely that enhies listed
under W. Bennet, W. Bennett, and
William Bennett are referable to the
same person)
BENOIST,V., Ltd., 193I [AR]
BENSON,
G. B. G., 1957 [PB]
BERG,K., 1969 [PB]
BERGMANN,
Dr. Helene, 1949 [PB]
BERTHA,Mother, 1881 W]; 1882
OCI
BIDDER,
Revd+:H. J., 1888 [AR]
BIDWELL,
E., 1884 [AR]; 1887 [AR];
1908 [RC]
BIGG, L. 0. (University College),
~ L I ] ;1860 [AMA2, where entered as L. 0. Bigge]; 1861 [AMAI];
1863 w L 2 ]
BIGGE,Revd. E. T. (Mefton College),
[MsLI]; 1839 [Msrz; AMAr;
AMAz]; 1840 v s L 2 ; AMAI];
1842 w L 2 ]
BILLUP,A. C., 1903 [AR]
BINGHAM,C. W. (New College),
[AM]
BINNIN,A. E., 1955 [PB; BC]
BIS&*
H., 1948 [PB]
BISHOP iss ( H o l p U St.), [AM];
1825 (BC]; 1832 [BC; BDI]
BISSET,J., 1901 [PB]
BISSLAND,
Revd. T. (Balliol College),
[ A q ; [BC]

I02

m;

I N D E X OF DONORS

BLACK,
Dr. Davidson, 1932 [AR]
BLACKE,W. S. (Magd&n H a ) ,
~ A M A I ~1844
;
WsLx; MsL2, in
which t L name written BLUCKE,
W. S.]; [BC]
BLACKHALL,
Mrs., 1891 [RD]
BUCKLER,
Dr. A. W., 1961 [RC]
BLACKMAN,
Roy, 1968 [PB]
BLACKWOOD,
Miss B. (of Pitt Rivers
Muurn), 1931 CAR]; 1934
1949 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
'969 [PBI
BLAGRAVE,
Miss C. (Calcot Park,
Berks.), 1831 [ A m ; [OC]
BLAKE,
H., 1933 [AR]
BIAKE,Lady, 1895 [PB]
BLAMEY,
Joel, 1920 [AR]
BLEEK,Dr. W. H. (Curator, Grey
Library, Cape of Good Hope), [CCr]
BLOMFIELD,
Jam- Edward, COLLECTION, 1923 [AR]
BLOMFIELD,
Mrs., I923 [AR]
BLOXHAM,
Revd. A. (Worcester College) (an alternative version of the
name, lee BLOXAM,
Revd. A.)
BLOXAM,
Revd. A. (Worcester College),
[M;WSLI]; 1824 [AMAI, in
which MS. envy has 'h' deleted
from name]; 1824 [RC 1933, entered as A. R. Bloxam]; 1824 PC];
1837 WsL21
BLOXAM,
A. R., 1907 [RC]
BLUCKE,W. S. (Magdalen Hall)
(probable error in spelling, sec
BLACKE)
BOGOUSCHEW~KY,
Baron Nicolas Casimir, 1877 [CCr]
BOLSTER,
George C., 1948 [PB]
BOLTON-MAGGS,
T., 1965 [AR]
BOND,F., [MsLz]
BOREMAN,
Robert C., 1886 [RD]
BOROUGH,
J. G. B., 1953 [PB]
Boss, Dr. Kenneth J., 1968 [AR 19691
BOSTON,
C. K.,
[PB]
BOSTON,
E. J., 1949 [PB]
BOSTON,Dr. F. K., 1946 [PB]; 1948
[PB]; 1949 [PB]; 1950 [PB];
19.51 [PB]; I952 [PB'J

BOULENGER,
G. A., 1903 [AR]
BOURDILLON,
F. B., 1950 [PB]
BOURNE,Prof. A. G., 1894 [AR];
1895 CAR1
BOURNE,
Mrs. C., 1935 [AR]
BOURNE,
Prof. Gilbert C., 1886 ? 1896
[RC 18971; 1886 [RC 19683; 1888
[AR]; 1889 W ] ; 1892 [PB];
1893 [RC 19681; 1894 [AR]; 1895
CAR]; 1897 [RC]; 1899 [RC]; 1902
[RC I ~ I I ] ;1908 [AR]; 1919 [PB];
1921 [PB]
BOUSFIELD,
Mrs., 1881 (MA]
BOWEN,
H. J. M., 1951 [PB]
BOWEN,Peter, 1968 [PB]
BOWLES,
Mrs., 1833 [AM]
BOWLEY,Revd. W., [RC 19271 (SM
ROWLEY,
Revd. H.; this entry in the
Reference Catalogue is in uror)
BOWMAN,
%., 1903 [RC]; 1917 [AR]
BOYCOTT,Prof. A. E., 1927 [AR]
BOYD,Dr. H., 1910 [PB]
BOWS,A. J., 1956 [PB]
S., 1958 [PB]
BRADBURY,
B n ~ o ~ o n Miss,
o , 1912 [AR]
&., 1900 CAR]
BRADFORD,
BRADY,H. B., 1890 [RC lgro]
BRAGGE,
William, 1880 W];[CCr]
BRAIN,h d . A., 1900 [AR]
BUMLEY,W. G., 1935 [PB]
BREAKSPEARE,
M. J., 1955 [PB]
BREWER,
Miss, 1952 [PB]
BRIDGE,G. F., 1886 [AR]; 1886
[OC]; 1887-8
BRIDGES,
Capt., 1846 ~ L I AMAI
;
(as Brydges); A m 2 1
BRIGHTON
AQUARIUM
CO., 18789
1879 [OC; PS]; 1881 (MA]
BRINKHURST,
Dr. R., 1962 [AR]
BRISCOE,
J., [RC 18991
BRISTOLU N ~ R S ISeychelles
~ ,
Expedition 1965, 1968 [PB]
BRISTOW,C. C., Executon of, 1875
m ] ; [oc]
BRITISHMUSEUM(Natural History),
1871 [RC 18943; 1878
OC];
1881 W ] ; 1884 [AR]; 1892
WDI]; 1893 [AR]; 1896 [PB];

m]

m];

m;

A P P E N D I X I11

BWES, Lieut. H. Edwin, 1883 [AR]

BARNES,
J. A. G., [BC]
BARNES,
Dr., 1851 [DB]
BARNES,Revd. Dr. (Christ Church),
[AM]
BARRETT,
J. R., 1891 [RC]
BARRINGTON,
-, The Bishop of
Durham, [ A y ; [OC]
BARROW,John, COLLECTION, 1868
P D I ; RC 19271
BARTON,
Col., 1872 [CO]
BATCHEWR,
G. J., 1907 [AR]
BATEMAN,
b h u r W., 1869
MsL3; OCJ; 1870
OC;
CCr]; 1875 WA]; 1876 W;
N L 3 ; oc]; 1877 W]
BATES,S. Argyle, 1881 [RC 1894 &
18981
BATHER,
F. A., 1887 [AR]
BATHY,Mrs. Braithwaite, 1909 [AR]
BATT,Dr., 1874 [CCr]; 1878
1879 M]
BATTY-PUTT,MT., 1954 [PB]
BAXTER,J. R., 1940 [PB]
BAYLEY,
Mrs. Iris, 1952 [PB]
BEALE,J. H., [OC]
BEALE,
Dr., 1853 [DB]
BEAUFOIS,
- Esq., [OC]
BEAUFORT,
L. P., 1912 [AR]
BECK,Dr. Eldon, 195I [PB]
BECK,George, 1878 [MA; OC]
BECK, Marcus, 1878 1 [RC 18941;
1878 [RC 18991
BECKERLEGGE,
R., 1948 [PB]
BEDDARD,
F. E., 1894[PB]; 1895 [AR]
BEECHEY,
Capt., R.N., [AM]
BELCHER,
Capt. Sir Edward, R.N.,
1848 P M ] ; [PS]
BELCHER,
Miss, 1957 [PB]
BELL,A. R. M., 1975 [PB]
BELL, Revd. G. C., 1887 [AR]
BELL,Revd. J. W. B., 1889 [AR]
BELL, Prof. Thomu, 1861 [RC];
1874 [ R q ; 187,4 [RC 18951;
1894 [RC]; (incl. +fences to Bell
Collection)
BELLEW,
Dr., 1872 [CO]
BELLOWS,
John, 1877 [CCr]

m;
m;

m];

BELSON,Revd. W. E. (Oriel College),

1891 [RD; BC]
BENEDEN,Prof. van, 1884 [PB];
1893 [RC 18941
BENHAM,Dr. W. B., 1893 [RC];
1895 [AR]; 1896 [PB]; 1897 [AR];
1912 [RC]
BENNET,W., 1836 [AMAz] (spelling
probably in error for Bennett, W.)
BENNETT,
E. N., C. 1904 [RC 19331;
P C , an entry giving the name as
E. Bennett (Hertford College), c.
19041
BENNETT,
Dr. G., 1875 [RC 18991
BENNETT,
WiUiam (Farringdon House,
Berks.), [AM]; [AMAI]
BENNETT,
W., 1836 [AMAr; MsLI]
(It seems likely that enhies listed
under W. Bennet, W. Bennett, and
William Bennett are referable to the
same person)
BENOIST,V., Ltd., 193I [AR]
BENSON,
G. B. G., 1957 [PB]
BERG,K., 1969 [PB]
BERGMANN,
Dr. Helene, 1949 [PB]
BERTHA,Mother, 1881 W]; 1882
OCI
BIDDER,
Revd+:H. J., 1888 [AR]
BIDWELL,
E., 1884 [AR]; 1887 [AR];
1908 [RC]
BIGG, L. 0. (University College),
~ L I ] ;1860 [AMA2, where entered as L. 0. Bigge]; 1861 [AMAI];
1863 w L 2 ]
BIGGE,Revd. E. T. (Mefton College),
[MsLI]; 1839 [Msrz; AMAr;
AMAz]; 1840 v s L 2 ; AMAI];
1842 w L 2 ]
BILLUP,A. C., 1903 [AR]
BINGHAM,C. W. (New College),
[AM]
BINNIN,A. E., 1955 [PB; BC]
BIS&*
H., 1948 [PB]
BISHOP iss ( H o l p U St.), [AM];
1825 (BC]; 1832 [BC; BDI]
BISSET,J., 1901 [PB]
BISSLAND,
Revd. T. (Balliol College),
[ A q ; [BC]

I02

m;

I N D E X OF DONORS

BLACK,
Dr. Davidson, 1932 [AR]
BLACKE,W. S. (Magd&n H a ) ,
~ A M A I ~1844
;
WsLx; MsL2, in
which t L name written BLUCKE,
W. S.]; [BC]
BLACKHALL,
Mrs., 1891 [RD]
BUCKLER,
Dr. A. W., 1961 [RC]
BLACKMAN,
Roy, 1968 [PB]
BLACKWOOD,
Miss B. (of Pitt Rivers
Muurn), 1931 CAR]; 1934
1949 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
'969 [PBI
BLAGRAVE,
Miss C. (Calcot Park,
Berks.), 1831 [ A m ; [OC]
BLAKE,
H., 1933 [AR]
BIAKE,Lady, 1895 [PB]
BLAMEY,
Joel, 1920 [AR]
BLEEK,Dr. W. H. (Curator, Grey
Library, Cape of Good Hope), [CCr]
BLOMFIELD,
Jam- Edward, COLLECTION, 1923 [AR]
BLOMFIELD,
Mrs., I923 [AR]
BLOXHAM,
Revd. A. (Worcester College) (an alternative version of the
name, lee BLOXAM,
Revd. A.)
BLOXAM,
Revd. A. (Worcester College),
[M;WSLI]; 1824 [AMAI, in
which MS. envy has 'h' deleted
from name]; 1824 [RC 1933, entered as A. R. Bloxam]; 1824 PC];
1837 WsL21
BLOXAM,
A. R., 1907 [RC]
BLUCKE,W. S. (Magdalen Hall)
(probable error in spelling, sec
BLACKE)
BOGOUSCHEW~KY,
Baron Nicolas Casimir, 1877 [CCr]
BOLSTER,
George C., 1948 [PB]
BOLTON-MAGGS,
T., 1965 [AR]
BOND,F., [MsLz]
BOREMAN,
Robert C., 1886 [RD]
BOROUGH,
J. G. B., 1953 [PB]
Boss, Dr. Kenneth J., 1968 [AR 19691
BOSTON,
C. K.,
[PB]
BOSTON,
E. J., 1949 [PB]
BOSTON,Dr. F. K., 1946 [PB]; 1948
[PB]; 1949 [PB]; 1950 [PB];
19.51 [PB]; I952 [PB'J

BOULENGER,
G. A., 1903 [AR]
BOURDILLON,
F. B., 1950 [PB]
BOURNE,Prof. A. G., 1894 [AR];
1895 CAR1
BOURNE,
Mrs. C., 1935 [AR]
BOURNE,
Prof. Gilbert C., 1886 ? 1896
[RC 18971; 1886 [RC 19683; 1888
[AR]; 1889 W ] ; 1892 [PB];
1893 [RC 19681; 1894 [AR]; 1895
CAR]; 1897 [RC]; 1899 [RC]; 1902
[RC I ~ I I ] ;1908 [AR]; 1919 [PB];
1921 [PB]
BOUSFIELD,
Mrs., 1881 (MA]
BOWEN,
H. J. M., 1951 [PB]
BOWEN,Peter, 1968 [PB]
BOWLES,
Mrs., 1833 [AM]
BOWLEY,Revd. W., [RC 19271 (SM
ROWLEY,
Revd. H.; this entry in the
Reference Catalogue is in uror)
BOWMAN,
%., 1903 [RC]; 1917 [AR]
BOYCOTT,Prof. A. E., 1927 [AR]
BOYD,Dr. H., 1910 [PB]
BOWS,A. J., 1956 [PB]
S., 1958 [PB]
BRADBURY,
B n ~ o ~ o n Miss,
o , 1912 [AR]
&., 1900 CAR]
BRADFORD,
BRADY,H. B., 1890 [RC lgro]
BRAGGE,
William, 1880 W];[CCr]
BRAIN,h d . A., 1900 [AR]
BUMLEY,W. G., 1935 [PB]
BREAKSPEARE,
M. J., 1955 [PB]
BREWER,
Miss, 1952 [PB]
BRIDGE,G. F., 1886 [AR]; 1886
[OC]; 1887-8
BRIDGES,
Capt., 1846 ~ L I AMAI
;
(as Brydges); A m 2 1
BRIGHTON
AQUARIUM
CO., 18789
1879 [OC; PS]; 1881 (MA]
BRINKHURST,
Dr. R., 1962 [AR]
BRISCOE,
J., [RC 18991
BRISTOLU N ~ R S ISeychelles
~ ,
Expedition 1965, 1968 [PB]
BRISTOW,C. C., Executon of, 1875
m ] ; [oc]
BRITISHMUSEUM(Natural History),
1871 [RC 18943; 1878
OC];
1881 W ] ; 1884 [AR]; 1892
WDI]; 1893 [AR]; 1896 [PB];

m]

m];

m;

A P P E N D I X I11

BRITISHMUSEUM
(Nat. Hist.) (cont)
variant spelling of the name, see
1907 [AR]; 1908 [AR]; 1910 [AR];
BRIDGES)
1919 [PB]; 1926 [AR]; 1927 [PB];
BUBB,Revd. T. T., [OC]
1928 CAR]; I933 [ARI; f934 [ARI; BUBB,Miss, 1901 [RC]
T. R., 1888 [AR]
I937 [PBI; I939 [PBI; I943 CAR]; BUCHANAN,
BUCK,G., 1869 W];[ O q
I945 [AR 19461; 19.51 CAR];
'952 P R ] ; I954 [PBI; 1961 [RC];
BUCK,J., [OC]
BUCKLAND, Francis
Trevelyan,
1963 [RC]; I973 CAR1
BRITISHTRUST
FOR ORNITHOLOGY, ~ L I ] 1845
;
[AMAI]; 1846 [DM,
as Frank Buckland]; 1880 W;
1969 [AR 19701
BROCK,
Miss G. T., 1938 [PB]
OC; PS, as F. Buckland]
BRODIE,Prof., [OC]
BUCKLAND,
Frank, 1846 [DM] (inBROMHALL,
J. D., 1951 [PB]; r g ~ g
cluded with refs. to F. T. Buckland)
BUCKLAND,
Revd. Dr. William [ A N ;
[PBI
BROOK,G., COLLECTION, 1908 [AR]
1838 [AMAI]; [OC]; [BDI]; [BC];
BROOKS,
R., 1954 [PB]
[RC 18941 (References include those
BROOKS,
Mr., 1951 [PB]
to Dr. Buckland and to Revd. Dr.
BROOM,Dr. R., 1918 [RC]; 1924
Buckland)
BUCKLAND,
Mrs. (Sark), 1853 [DB]
[ARI; 1936 [PBI
BROWN,Arthur W. W., 1884 [AR; BUCKLER,
C.A., BLI];(?MSL~];[BC]
OC; BC]; 1887 WA]; 1888 [AR; BUDGETT,J. S., 1902 [AR (where
OC]; 1889 W];1893 [RC 19111;
initials are given as G.S.)] (The
entries in Reference Cat. and Presenta1903 [ARI
BROWN,E. S., 1936 [PB]
tion Book clearly give initials as J. S.)
BROWN,
G., 1867 [RC 19041
BUFF, Revd. Spencer, [RC 18941
BROWN,
G. T., 1868 [OC]
BUK, M., [RC 19521 (Probably an
BROWN,
Mrs. L., 1955 [PB]
error in tpmcribing Beck, M.)
BROWN,
P. E., 1947 [PB]
BULLER,Sir Walter L., 1887 CAR;
BROWN,R. G. B., 1954 [PB]; 1955
OC; BC]
BULLOCK,
G., 1916 [AR]
[PBI; I959 CPBI
BROWN,R. Rudnose, 1907 [RC 19091 BULLOCK,
W., [ A m ; P C ]
(with J. J. Simpson)
BULLOCK,
Miss W., [BC] (The 'Miss'
BROWN,Revd. W. Bryan, 1933 [AR]
is an error; a check of the relevant
BROWN,
Mr. (Eynsham), [AM]
specimen shows it referable to W.
BROWN,Mr. (Chemist, Oxford), 1850
Bullock of Ash. Mua. Coll.)
BULLOCK,Miss, [AMAI]; [MsLI];
CDBI
BRUCE,Mr., 1904 [AR]
[BDII; [BC1
BRUNET,Dr. P. C. J., 1940 [RC];
BURCHELL,
William John, [AM] (according to Gunther in 1824); 1837
1956 [RC]; 1963 [RC1
BRYANT,
Dr. J., 1939 [PB]
[AMAI; MsLI]; COLLECTION, 1865
BRYDGES,Sir Harford J. J., Bart.,
[BDI; BC]; 1866 WsLx-'The
WSLI]; 1862 [AMAz]; COLLEC01 gical collections made by her
TION,
c. 1874-5 [BDI] (Note:
W. Burchell Esq. D.C.L., in
According to ~Qrrespondencein the
Africa and South America.']; 1875
University Archives, this Collection
[MA]; 1881 [MA]; [OC]
had arrived at the University BURCHELL,
Miss Anna, 1865 [BDI];
Museum by 1867)
1866 W S L I ]
BRYDGES,Capt., 1846 [AMAI] (a BURDON-JONES,
Dr. C., 1959 [PB]

+c4

I N D E X OF DONORS

BURGESS,
Clive, 1966 [PB]
BURMEISTER,
Dr. Herman, 1889 [AR]
BURR,M., 1903 [RC 19151
BURROWS,
Lady I. C., 1935 [PB]
BURT, E., 1865 W L z ] ; [RC 19331;
LBCI
BURTON,Revd. Dr. (Christ Church),
1836 [ A N
BUSH,J., 1868 [RC 19101
BUSH,Mr., 1865 [RC 18961
BUSH,Mrs., 1869 [RC 19281
BUSK,T., 1870 W]
BUTLER,Miss, 1951 [PB]
BUTLIN, Miss S. M., 1960 [PBJ;
1962 [PB]
BUXTON,E. J. M., 1940 [PB]

CAMPBELL,
Dr. Jamcs W., COLLECTION,1972 [AR]
CAMPBELL,
Mr. Lennox, 1972 [AR]
CAMPBELL,
Mrs. M., 1960 [PB]
CAMPBELL,
W. D., 1935 [PB]; 1936
P I ; I937 [RC]; 1.938 CPBI;
1957 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
1963 [RC1
CAMPBELL,Mr., 1935 [PB; BC]
(Probably referable to W. D. Campbell)
CUSDALE,G. S., 1934 [PB]
CANTERBURY
MUSEUM,Christchurch,
New Zealand, 1871 PC]; 1872
[OC; BDI; BC; RC 18973; 1873
W];1876 [OC]; 1881 W]
CANTOR,
Dr., COLLECTION, 1884 [RC
1956, 19581; [PS]
CAPEL,Revd. Forbes, 1879 [RC rgoz]
CADELL,
Colonel, V.C., 1885 [PB]
CARDEW,
Revd. G., 1865 [CCr]; [OC]
CADMAN,
W.A., I932 [PB]; 1933 [AR]
CAIN, Prof. Arthur J., 1949 [PB];
CARLINE,
G. R., 1913 [AR]
CARLISLE,
David B., 1945 [PB]
1950 [PB]; 1951 [PB]; 1953 [RC];
CARNEGIEMUSEUM,Pittsburgh, 1957
1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB]; 1956 [PB];
[PBI
19.57 [PBI; I959 P R ] ; 1960 [PBI;
CARNTHWAITE,
Revd. T., see CORN1961 [PB]; 1963 [PB]; 1964 [RC];
THWAITE, Revd. T.
1968 [PB]; 1969 [AR]
CARPENTER,
Mrs. C. E., 1930 [AR]
CAIN,Mrs. Joyce, 1957 [PB]
CALDWELL,
C., 1864 WsL31; 1864 CARPENTER,
Prof. G. D. Hale, 1921
[RC 1899 as COLDWELL,
C., q.v.
[AR]; 1924 [AR]; 1933 [PB];
for notes]
1935 [PBI; 1937 [PBI; 1949 [ARI;
CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES
1950 [PB]; COLLECTION,1953 [AR]
CARPENTER,
Mrs. Hale, 1953 [AR]
[BC]
Hubert, 1899 W D I ]
CARPENTER,Dr. P. Herbert, 1884
CALVERT,
[AR]; 1886 [AR]; 1890 [AR]
CALVERT,
R. W., 1929 [PB]; COLLECTION, 1942 [AR]
CARPENTER,W. B., 1885 [AR];
0. F., 1881 W A ]
CAMBRIDGE,
[I896 RC7
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY:
Museum of CARR,Mrs., 1962 [PB]
CARTER,E. D., 1933 [PB]
Zoology, 1900 [AR]; 1925 [AR]
CARTER,S. W. E., 1963 [PB]
CAMERON,
I. A., 1958 [PB]
CARTER,
Revd. W. (St. John's College),
CAMPBELL,
Andrew C., 1969 [RC]
CAMPBELL,Dr. Bruce, 1952 [PB];
[ A m ; [BC]
1953 [PB]; 1954 [PB]; I955 [PBI; CARTER,Mr., 1875 W];1875 [OC]
CARTER,M m . , 1888 [AR]
1956 [PB]; 1957 [PB]; 1958 [PB];
CARUS,
Dr. Victor, 1850 [OC]; ? 1850
1959 [PB]; 1960 [RC]; 1961 [PB];
1962 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
[RC 1g51]
CASSELS,
A. K., 1924 [AR]
1968 [PB]
CAWDOR,
Right Hon. the Earl of, 1880
CAMPBELL,
Sir George, 1874 (?MA];
1875 W]
W A ] ; 1880 [OC]

A P P E N D I X I11

BRITISHMUSEUM
(Nat. Hist.) (cont)
variant spelling of the name, see
1907 [AR]; 1908 [AR]; 1910 [AR];
BRIDGES)
1919 [PB]; 1926 [AR]; 1927 [PB];
BUBB,Revd. T. T., [OC]
1928 CAR]; I933 [ARI; f934 [ARI; BUBB,Miss, 1901 [RC]
T. R., 1888 [AR]
I937 [PBI; I939 [PBI; I943 CAR]; BUCHANAN,
BUCK,G., 1869 W];[ O q
I945 [AR 19461; 19.51 CAR];
'952 P R ] ; I954 [PBI; 1961 [RC];
BUCK,J., [OC]
BUCKLAND, Francis
Trevelyan,
1963 [RC]; I973 CAR1
BRITISHTRUST
FOR ORNITHOLOGY, ~ L I ] 1845
;
[AMAI]; 1846 [DM,
as Frank Buckland]; 1880 W;
1969 [AR 19701
BROCK,
Miss G. T., 1938 [PB]
OC; PS, as F. Buckland]
BRODIE,Prof., [OC]
BUCKLAND,
Frank, 1846 [DM] (inBROMHALL,
J. D., 1951 [PB]; r g ~ g
cluded with refs. to F. T. Buckland)
BUCKLAND,
Revd. Dr. William [ A N ;
[PBI
BROOK,G., COLLECTION, 1908 [AR]
1838 [AMAI]; [OC]; [BDI]; [BC];
BROOKS,
R., 1954 [PB]
[RC 18941 (References include those
BROOKS,
Mr., 1951 [PB]
to Dr. Buckland and to Revd. Dr.
BROOM,Dr. R., 1918 [RC]; 1924
Buckland)
BUCKLAND,
Mrs. (Sark), 1853 [DB]
[ARI; 1936 [PBI
BROWN,Arthur W. W., 1884 [AR; BUCKLER,
C.A., BLI];(?MSL~];[BC]
OC; BC]; 1887 WA]; 1888 [AR; BUDGETT,J. S., 1902 [AR (where
OC]; 1889 W];1893 [RC 19111;
initials are given as G.S.)] (The
entries in Reference Cat. and Presenta1903 [ARI
BROWN,E. S., 1936 [PB]
tion Book clearly give initials as J. S.)
BROWN,
G., 1867 [RC 19041
BUFF, Revd. Spencer, [RC 18941
BROWN,
G. T., 1868 [OC]
BUK, M., [RC 19521 (Probably an
BROWN,
Mrs. L., 1955 [PB]
error in tpmcribing Beck, M.)
BROWN,
P. E., 1947 [PB]
BULLER,Sir Walter L., 1887 CAR;
BROWN,R. G. B., 1954 [PB]; 1955
OC; BC]
BULLOCK,
G., 1916 [AR]
[PBI; I959 CPBI
BROWN,R. Rudnose, 1907 [RC 19091 BULLOCK,
W., [ A m ; P C ]
(with J. J. Simpson)
BULLOCK,
Miss W., [BC] (The 'Miss'
BROWN,Revd. W. Bryan, 1933 [AR]
is an error; a check of the relevant
BROWN,
Mr. (Eynsham), [AM]
specimen shows it referable to W.
BROWN,Mr. (Chemist, Oxford), 1850
Bullock of Ash. Mua. Coll.)
BULLOCK,Miss, [AMAI]; [MsLI];
CDBI
BRUCE,Mr., 1904 [AR]
[BDII; [BC1
BRUNET,Dr. P. C. J., 1940 [RC];
BURCHELL,
William John, [AM] (according to Gunther in 1824); 1837
1956 [RC]; 1963 [RC1
BRYANT,
Dr. J., 1939 [PB]
[AMAI; MsLI]; COLLECTION, 1865
BRYDGES,Sir Harford J. J., Bart.,
[BDI; BC]; 1866 WsLx-'The
WSLI]; 1862 [AMAz]; COLLEC01 gical collections made by her
TION,
c. 1874-5 [BDI] (Note:
W. Burchell Esq. D.C.L., in
According to ~Qrrespondencein the
Africa and South America.']; 1875
University Archives, this Collection
[MA]; 1881 [MA]; [OC]
had arrived at the University BURCHELL,
Miss Anna, 1865 [BDI];
Museum by 1867)
1866 W S L I ]
BRYDGES,Capt., 1846 [AMAI] (a BURDON-JONES,
Dr. C., 1959 [PB]

+c4

I N D E X OF DONORS

BURGESS,
Clive, 1966 [PB]
BURMEISTER,
Dr. Herman, 1889 [AR]
BURR,M., 1903 [RC 19151
BURROWS,
Lady I. C., 1935 [PB]
BURT, E., 1865 W L z ] ; [RC 19331;
LBCI
BURTON,Revd. Dr. (Christ Church),
1836 [ A N
BUSH,J., 1868 [RC 19101
BUSH,Mr., 1865 [RC 18961
BUSH,Mrs., 1869 [RC 19281
BUSK,T., 1870 W]
BUTLER,Miss, 1951 [PB]
BUTLIN, Miss S. M., 1960 [PBJ;
1962 [PB]
BUXTON,E. J. M., 1940 [PB]

CAMPBELL,
Dr. Jamcs W., COLLECTION,1972 [AR]
CAMPBELL,
Mr. Lennox, 1972 [AR]
CAMPBELL,
Mrs. M., 1960 [PB]
CAMPBELL,
W. D., 1935 [PB]; 1936
P I ; I937 [RC]; 1.938 CPBI;
1957 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
1963 [RC1
CAMPBELL,Mr., 1935 [PB; BC]
(Probably referable to W. D. Campbell)
CUSDALE,G. S., 1934 [PB]
CANTERBURY
MUSEUM,Christchurch,
New Zealand, 1871 PC]; 1872
[OC; BDI; BC; RC 18973; 1873
W];1876 [OC]; 1881 W]
CANTOR,
Dr., COLLECTION, 1884 [RC
1956, 19581; [PS]
CAPEL,Revd. Forbes, 1879 [RC rgoz]
CADELL,
Colonel, V.C., 1885 [PB]
CARDEW,
Revd. G., 1865 [CCr]; [OC]
CADMAN,
W.A., I932 [PB]; 1933 [AR]
CAIN, Prof. Arthur J., 1949 [PB];
CARLINE,
G. R., 1913 [AR]
CARLISLE,
David B., 1945 [PB]
1950 [PB]; 1951 [PB]; 1953 [RC];
CARNEGIEMUSEUM,Pittsburgh, 1957
1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB]; 1956 [PB];
[PBI
19.57 [PBI; I959 P R ] ; 1960 [PBI;
CARNTHWAITE,
Revd. T., see CORN1961 [PB]; 1963 [PB]; 1964 [RC];
THWAITE, Revd. T.
1968 [PB]; 1969 [AR]
CARPENTER,
Mrs. C. E., 1930 [AR]
CAIN,Mrs. Joyce, 1957 [PB]
CALDWELL,
C., 1864 WsL31; 1864 CARPENTER,
Prof. G. D. Hale, 1921
[RC 1899 as COLDWELL,
C., q.v.
[AR]; 1924 [AR]; 1933 [PB];
for notes]
1935 [PBI; 1937 [PBI; 1949 [ARI;
CALIFORNIA
ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES
1950 [PB]; COLLECTION,1953 [AR]
CARPENTER,
Mrs. Hale, 1953 [AR]
[BC]
Hubert, 1899 W D I ]
CARPENTER,Dr. P. Herbert, 1884
CALVERT,
[AR]; 1886 [AR]; 1890 [AR]
CALVERT,
R. W., 1929 [PB]; COLLECTION, 1942 [AR]
CARPENTER,W. B., 1885 [AR];
0. F., 1881 W A ]
CAMBRIDGE,
[I896 RC7
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY:
Museum of CARR,Mrs., 1962 [PB]
CARTER,E. D., 1933 [PB]
Zoology, 1900 [AR]; 1925 [AR]
CARTER,S. W. E., 1963 [PB]
CAMERON,
I. A., 1958 [PB]
CARTER,
Revd. W. (St. John's College),
CAMPBELL,
Andrew C., 1969 [RC]
CAMPBELL,Dr. Bruce, 1952 [PB];
[ A m ; [BC]
1953 [PB]; 1954 [PB]; I955 [PBI; CARTER,Mr., 1875 W];1875 [OC]
CARTER,M m . , 1888 [AR]
1956 [PB]; 1957 [PB]; 1958 [PB];
CARUS,
Dr. Victor, 1850 [OC]; ? 1850
1959 [PB]; 1960 [RC]; 1961 [PB];
1962 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
[RC 1g51]
CASSELS,
A. K., 1924 [AR]
1968 [PB]
CAWDOR,
Right Hon. the Earl of, 1880
CAMPBELL,
Sir George, 1874 (?MA];
1875 W]
W A ] ; 1880 [OC]

A P P E N D I X I11

CERNTHWAITE,
Revd.T. (avariant spelling:scc CORNTHWAITE,
Revd. T.)
CESNOLA,
Count A. P. di, 1905 [AR]
'CHALLENGER'EXPEDITION, 1878
W A l ; 1879 W A l ; 1893 P R ]
CHAMBERS,
J. W. (St. John's College),
[AM]
CHAMBERS,
Launcelot, [OC]
CHAMBERS,
Capt. W. W., R.N., 1842
[MsLr; AMAI; AMAz; BDI;
BC]; 1848 [AMAz]
CHAMPION,Prof. Sir H. G., 1951
[PB]; 1 ~ 6 [AR]
0
CHAMPNEYS,
F., 1873
CHANNER,
Lieut. A., R.N., 1884 [PB]
CHAPMAN,
E., 1870 M];1871 W A ;

m]

ocl

I N D E X OF D O N O R S

[CCr] (sec LIDDELL,Dr. Henry

George)
CHURCH,Sir A. H., 1915 [RC]; 1919
[AR]
CHURCH, W. S. (Lee's Reader in
Anatomy, Ch. Ch.), [CCr]
CHURCH,Dr., 1870 W];[OC]
CLAPHAM,
C. S., 1965 [AR]
CLAPHAM,
E., 1864 [PS]
CLARE,Alan J., 1958 [PB]; 1961
[PB]; 1967 [PBl
CLARK,Miss Ailsa M., 1967 [PB]
CLARK,T., 1878 [MA; OC; CCr]
CLARKE,
B. C., 1959 [AR 19601
CLARKE,
Mrs. I. Joyce, 1962 [BC]
CLARKE,Dr. John, 1951 [RC]; 1952
lpBl
cLAR&, R. H., 1946 [RC]; 1949 [PB]
CLARKE,W. Bruce, 1870 [CCr]; 1874
[OC]
CLARKE,Dr., 1863 [RC 18991 (apparently = Mr. Clarke, 1863 [PS])
CLARKE,
Mr., 1863 [PS] (apparently =
Dr. Clarke, 1863 [RC 18991)
CLIFTONCOLLEGE,Co~ncilof, 1956
[AR]
CLUTTERBUCK,
Revd. J. C., 1861
[CCr]; 1 8 7 0 - M ] ; [OC]
COAR, Charles J. (BaUiol College),
[AMAI]; 1851 [MsLI]; FIsLz];

CHAPMAN,
W. M. M., 1935 [BC]
CHARLES,
F., 1896 [AR]
CHARTERIS,
Hon. Guy L., 1935 [PB];
COLLECFION, 1968 [AR]
CHARTERIS,Hon. Mrs. Violet, 1968
CAR]
CHATTERLEY,
F. J., 1954 [PB]; 1956
rPB1
CHAVASSE,
T. A., 1954 [PB]; 1955
lPB1; 1956 [AR]
CHESTER,Revd. Greville J., 1884
[AR]; 1887 [AR]; 1888 [RD];
1889 [AR]; 1890 [AR]; 1891
[RD; BC]; 1893 [AR]; (sec abo
PC]
GRAFTON & ARMIDALE,N. S. COBBOLD,Edgar T., 1878 [OC];
WALES,Bishop of)
1880 [MA]
CHESTER
COLLECTION,
1891 [BC] (see CoCu, Alfred Heneage, 1847 [OC]
CHESTER,
Revd. Greville J.)
(date probably an error for 1874);
G. L., 1868 [CCr]
1874 [OC]; 1874-5
1878
CHESTER,
CHIMMO,
Capt., R.N. (H.M.S. Nassau),
W A ; OC]; 1879 [OC]; 1880
1873 WA]; 1874 WA]; 1870)
[MA]; 1881 [MA; OC]; 1883 [AR];
1885-6 WA]; 1886 [AR; PS];
[RC 1894, rgo?]; 1871 [CCr];
1881
1893 [RC] (see abo
1887 [AR]
Nassau, H.M.S.)
COFFIN,Sir E., 1852 [DB]
CHITTY,-, COLLECTION, W D I l
COHENEdwin, 1947 [PB]
CHRISTCHURCHCOLLEGE, OXFORD: COL#
C., 1864 [RC 18991 ( 5
CHRIST CHURCH COLLECTIONS,
C., 1864 msL31, and
6 1 1894l;
1860 [RC 1 8 ~ ~ ] ; $ ~ 8[RC
mfem to the same specimen, obtained
[1866 RC]; 1870 M];1872
on 20 Dec. 1864. List reference is
likely to be earliest, and is taken as
M
- l A]
CHRIST CHURCH,Dean of, 1868
correct)

m];

m];

I 06

COLE,Lieut., R.N., 1828 [AM]

COLE,Capt., R.N., 1828 [AM]
COLE,the M k , W D I ]
COLE,Viscount, 1834 [AM]
COLEMAN,
Mr., 1963 [PB]
COLES,Mm., 1926 [AR]
COLLLNGWOOD,
Dr. C., 1870? [RC
18931
COLOMBO,Bishop of, 1874 [OC];
1881-2 F I A ]
COLONIALAN D INDIANEXHIBITION,
1886 [AR]
COMPTON,Miss Sally, 1967 [PB]
CONNOLLY,
Maj., 1933 CAR]
CONYBEARE,
Revd. Charles, 1848 [DM]
CONYBEARE,
Mr. Crawford, 1850 [DB]
COOKE, Dr. J. A. L., 1959 [PB];
1960 [AR]; 1961 [AR]; 1968 [PB]
COOMBES,
Dr. C. J. F., 1962 [PB]
COOPER, C. Forster, 1936 [PB];
I943 [PBI
COOPER,Maj., (1869 ?)[CCr]
COPE, Prof., 1893 [RC 18971; 1897
[RC1
CORNELLUNIVERSITY,1871 W];
1876 [RC 19141; 1879 W; PS]
CORNTHWAITE,
Revd. T., 1870 W;
OC; RC; CCr] (This name appears
in various spellings, e.g. Carnthwaite,
Cernthwaite)
CORNWALLIS,
R. K.,1952
COTTIER,Sir Charlea, 1926 [AR]
COTTON, J., 1848 [RC 19491 (This
name was noted when found in
association with lakls of Bell and
Hope Colls. snakes revised and
accessed in 1949, the specimens k i n g
of Indian habitat. In view of the date,
suspicion arises that the initial
recorded may be in error and that
this material may possibly have
originated from W. C. Cotton)
COTTON, W., 1850 [DB] (Possibly
Revd. William C. Cotton ?)
COTTON,Revd. W. (Christ Church),
1848 [WI;
AMAz; BC] (=
Revd. William C. Cotton)
COTTON, Revd. W. C. (Student of

Christ Church), 1848 [DM; MsLI;

BDI; BC; OC] (= Revd. William
C. Cotton)
COTTON,William, F.R.S., 1846 [DM]
COTTON, Revd. William (Student of
Christ Church), 1848 [DM] (=
Revd. Willmm C. Cotton)
COTTON, Revd. William C., 1848
[DM; MsLI; AMAI; AMA2;
BDI; BC; OC]; 1x850 [DB] ?
(Refmnces to various forms of name,
Cotton, W., Revd. W., Revd. W. C.,
and Revd. William, all listed in these
forms)
COWES,Dr. Elliott (U.S.A.), msL3]
COURT,Miss Christine, 1955 [PB]
COWDY,Miss Susan, 1966 [AR 19671
Cox, F. J., 1905 [RC 19681
COX, G. H. (Ausualia), [MsLx];
1863 P C ] ; 1864 P D I ; BC]
cox, Mrs., I934 [PB]
CRAWFORD,
L., 1889 [AR]
Miss (Bath), [AM]
CRAWLEY,
CREAGH,C. V., 1885 [AR]
CREES,Mm., 1969 [PB]
CREWS,Tmvor, 1956 [PB]
CROSS,Donald, 1948 [PB]
I
CROSS,W., 19oo [RC]; I ~ fRC]
CROWDY,
M. C., 1935 [PB]
CROWTHER,
Dr. W., 1975 [PB]
CULLEN,Dr. J. Michael, 1956 [PB]
CULLEN,Dr. (of Kustendjii), 1869
CMA; OCI
C U M M ~ CHugh,
S,
1839 P C ]
CUNLIFFE,N., 1916 [RC]
CUNLIFFE-OWEN,Sir Philip, 1883
[AR]; 1884 [RD]
CUNNINGHAM,
Mrs. J. T.,1939 [PB]
CURREY,Dr. John D., 1957 [PB]
CURTAIN, A. E. (Master, R.F.A.
Wave Chien, 1953 [PB]
CuRTIs, Dr. F., COLLECTION, 1936
CAR1
CWPLICRA,Miss M., 1915 [AR]
DACRES,Miss, 1908 [AR]
DALE,Revd. Joseph (Brasenose College),
[AW

A P P E N D I X I11

CERNTHWAITE,
Revd.T. (avariant spelling:scc CORNTHWAITE,
Revd. T.)
CESNOLA,
Count A. P. di, 1905 [AR]
'CHALLENGER'EXPEDITION, 1878
W A l ; 1879 W A l ; 1893 P R ]
CHAMBERS,
J. W. (St. John's College),
[AM]
CHAMBERS,
Launcelot, [OC]
CHAMBERS,
Capt. W. W., R.N., 1842
[MsLr; AMAI; AMAz; BDI;
BC]; 1848 [AMAz]
CHAMPION,Prof. Sir H. G., 1951
[PB]; 1 ~ 6 [AR]
0
CHAMPNEYS,
F., 1873
CHANNER,
Lieut. A., R.N., 1884 [PB]
CHAPMAN,
E., 1870 M];1871 W A ;

m]

ocl

I N D E X OF D O N O R S

[CCr] (sec LIDDELL,Dr. Henry

George)
CHURCH,Sir A. H., 1915 [RC]; 1919
[AR]
CHURCH, W. S. (Lee's Reader in
Anatomy, Ch. Ch.), [CCr]
CHURCH,Dr., 1870 W];[OC]
CLAPHAM,
C. S., 1965 [AR]
CLAPHAM,
E., 1864 [PS]
CLARE,Alan J., 1958 [PB]; 1961
[PB]; 1967 [PBl
CLARK,Miss Ailsa M., 1967 [PB]
CLARK,T., 1878 [MA; OC; CCr]
CLARKE,
B. C., 1959 [AR 19601
CLARKE,
Mrs. I. Joyce, 1962 [BC]
CLARKE,Dr. John, 1951 [RC]; 1952
lpBl
cLAR&, R. H., 1946 [RC]; 1949 [PB]
CLARKE,W. Bruce, 1870 [CCr]; 1874
[OC]
CLARKE,Dr., 1863 [RC 18991 (apparently = Mr. Clarke, 1863 [PS])
CLARKE,
Mr., 1863 [PS] (apparently =
Dr. Clarke, 1863 [RC 18991)
CLIFTONCOLLEGE,Co~ncilof, 1956
[AR]
CLUTTERBUCK,
Revd. J. C., 1861
[CCr]; 1 8 7 0 - M ] ; [OC]
COAR, Charles J. (BaUiol College),
[AMAI]; 1851 [MsLI]; FIsLz];

CHAPMAN,
W. M. M., 1935 [BC]
CHARLES,
F., 1896 [AR]
CHARTERIS,
Hon. Guy L., 1935 [PB];
COLLECFION, 1968 [AR]
CHARTERIS,Hon. Mrs. Violet, 1968
CAR]
CHATTERLEY,
F. J., 1954 [PB]; 1956
rPB1
CHAVASSE,
T. A., 1954 [PB]; 1955
lPB1; 1956 [AR]
CHESTER,Revd. Greville J., 1884
[AR]; 1887 [AR]; 1888 [RD];
1889 [AR]; 1890 [AR]; 1891
[RD; BC]; 1893 [AR]; (sec abo
PC]
GRAFTON & ARMIDALE,N. S. COBBOLD,Edgar T., 1878 [OC];
WALES,Bishop of)
1880 [MA]
CHESTER
COLLECTION,
1891 [BC] (see CoCu, Alfred Heneage, 1847 [OC]
CHESTER,
Revd. Greville J.)
(date probably an error for 1874);
G. L., 1868 [CCr]
1874 [OC]; 1874-5
1878
CHESTER,
CHIMMO,
Capt., R.N. (H.M.S. Nassau),
W A ; OC]; 1879 [OC]; 1880
1873 WA]; 1874 WA]; 1870)
[MA]; 1881 [MA; OC]; 1883 [AR];
1885-6 WA]; 1886 [AR; PS];
[RC 1894, rgo?]; 1871 [CCr];
1881
1893 [RC] (see abo
1887 [AR]
Nassau, H.M.S.)
COFFIN,Sir E., 1852 [DB]
CHITTY,-, COLLECTION, W D I l
COHENEdwin, 1947 [PB]
CHRISTCHURCHCOLLEGE, OXFORD: COL#
C., 1864 [RC 18991 ( 5
CHRIST CHURCH COLLECTIONS,
C., 1864 msL31, and
6 1 1894l;
1860 [RC 1 8 ~ ~ ] ; $ ~ 8[RC
mfem to the same specimen, obtained
[1866 RC]; 1870 M];1872
on 20 Dec. 1864. List reference is
likely to be earliest, and is taken as
M
- l A]
CHRIST CHURCH,Dean of, 1868
correct)

m];

m];

I 06

COLE,Lieut., R.N., 1828 [AM]

COLE,Capt., R.N., 1828 [AM]
COLE,the M k , W D I ]
COLE,Viscount, 1834 [AM]
COLEMAN,
Mr., 1963 [PB]
COLES,Mm., 1926 [AR]
COLLLNGWOOD,
Dr. C., 1870? [RC
18931
COLOMBO,Bishop of, 1874 [OC];
1881-2 F I A ]
COLONIALAN D INDIANEXHIBITION,
1886 [AR]
COMPTON,Miss Sally, 1967 [PB]
CONNOLLY,
Maj., 1933 CAR]
CONYBEARE,
Revd. Charles, 1848 [DM]
CONYBEARE,
Mr. Crawford, 1850 [DB]
COOKE, Dr. J. A. L., 1959 [PB];
1960 [AR]; 1961 [AR]; 1968 [PB]
COOMBES,
Dr. C. J. F., 1962 [PB]
COOPER, C. Forster, 1936 [PB];
I943 [PBI
COOPER,Maj., (1869 ?)[CCr]
COPE, Prof., 1893 [RC 18971; 1897
[RC1
CORNELLUNIVERSITY,1871 W];
1876 [RC 19141; 1879 W; PS]
CORNTHWAITE,
Revd. T., 1870 W;
OC; RC; CCr] (This name appears
in various spellings, e.g. Carnthwaite,
Cernthwaite)
CORNWALLIS,
R. K.,1952
COTTIER,Sir Charlea, 1926 [AR]
COTTON, J., 1848 [RC 19491 (This
name was noted when found in
association with lakls of Bell and
Hope Colls. snakes revised and
accessed in 1949, the specimens k i n g
of Indian habitat. In view of the date,
suspicion arises that the initial
recorded may be in error and that
this material may possibly have
originated from W. C. Cotton)
COTTON, W., 1850 [DB] (Possibly
Revd. William C. Cotton ?)
COTTON,Revd. W. (Christ Church),
1848 [WI;
AMAz; BC] (=
Revd. William C. Cotton)
COTTON, Revd. W. C. (Student of

Christ Church), 1848 [DM; MsLI;

BDI; BC; OC] (= Revd. William
C. Cotton)
COTTON,William, F.R.S., 1846 [DM]
COTTON, Revd. William (Student of
Christ Church), 1848 [DM] (=
Revd. Willmm C. Cotton)
COTTON, Revd. William C., 1848
[DM; MsLI; AMAI; AMA2;
BDI; BC; OC]; 1x850 [DB] ?
(Refmnces to various forms of name,
Cotton, W., Revd. W., Revd. W. C.,
and Revd. William, all listed in these
forms)
COWES,Dr. Elliott (U.S.A.), msL3]
COURT,Miss Christine, 1955 [PB]
COWDY,Miss Susan, 1966 [AR 19671
Cox, F. J., 1905 [RC 19681
COX, G. H. (Ausualia), [MsLx];
1863 P C ] ; 1864 P D I ; BC]
cox, Mrs., I934 [PB]
CRAWFORD,
L., 1889 [AR]
Miss (Bath), [AM]
CRAWLEY,
CREAGH,C. V., 1885 [AR]
CREES,Mm., 1969 [PB]
CREWS,Tmvor, 1956 [PB]
CROSS,Donald, 1948 [PB]
I
CROSS,W., 19oo [RC]; I ~ fRC]
CROWDY,
M. C., 1935 [PB]
CROWTHER,
Dr. W., 1975 [PB]
CULLEN,Dr. J. Michael, 1956 [PB]
CULLEN,Dr. (of Kustendjii), 1869
CMA; OCI
C U M M ~ CHugh,
S,
1839 P C ]
CUNLIFFE,N., 1916 [RC]
CUNLIFFE-OWEN,Sir Philip, 1883
[AR]; 1884 [RD]
CUNNINGHAM,
Mrs. J. T.,1939 [PB]
CURREY,Dr. John D., 1957 [PB]
CURTAIN, A. E. (Master, R.F.A.
Wave Chien, 1953 [PB]
CuRTIs, Dr. F., COLLECTION, 1936
CAR1
CWPLICRA,Miss M., 1915 [AR]
DACRES,Miss, 1908 [AR]
DALE,Revd. Joseph (Brasenose College),
[AW

A P P E N D I X 111

DALHOUSIE,
Countess, [BC]
DANBY,
T. W., 1892 [AR; CCr]
DANIEL,J. M., 1871 [MDI]
DARBISHIRE,
Miss Alice, 1884 [AR]
(through Dr. S. D. Darbishire; the
Annual Report gives the name
erroneously as Miss Agnes Darbishim)
DARBISHIRE,
A. D., 1911 [AR]; 1913
CAR1
DARBISHIRE,
R. D., 1872 WA];
1883 [AR]; [CCr]
DARBISHIRE,
Dr. S. D., 1884 [AR]
DARBISHIRE
COLLECTION,
1884 [RC
1gz7] (presumably the Collection of
Miss Alice Darbishk)
DARLOW,
Capt. J. J., 1917 [AR]
DART,J. H. (Exeter College), [ A m
DASHWOOD,
H. W. (Kinlington Park),
[AM]; PDI]; [BC] (entered in
BD1 and BC erroneously as W. H.
Dashwood)
DAUBENY,
Prof. Charles Giles Bridle
(Prof. of Botany 1834-68), [BDI]
DAUBENY,
James, 1850 PDI]; 1851
[AMAI; AMAz; MsLz]; COLLECTION, 185-1 P C ] (as J. Daubeny
Coll.)
DAUBENY,
Revd. T. (Abyssinia), 1878
[BDI; BC]
DAUBENY,
Dr., [AM]; 1838 [AMAI;
AMAz; RC 1895; BC]; 1853 [DB];
1855 [DBI; [CCrl; [RC 18971
DAUBENY,
Prof., 1866 [PS]
DAUGLISH,
Revd. G. W., 1947 [RC]
DAVENPORT,
R., [CCr]
DAVENPORT-HILL,
Miss, 1919 W D I ]
DAVIDSON,
J. E., 1870
[PS]
DAVIES,
G. P., 1961 [PB]
DAVIES,
John, 1957 [PB]; 1958 [PB]
DAVIS,Arthur G., 1952 [PB]
DAW, Dr. John, F.R.S., [OC];
1869 m
1
DAWKINS,
Prof. W;Boyd, 1870 [MA];
c
1885 [AR]
DAWSON,
Revd. h.(~rasenoseCollege),
1845 [ A m 1 1
DAWSON,
J. Crosbie, 1964 [PB]

m];

I N D E X OF DONORS

EARLE,
J, R., 1882 [BC]; COLLECTION,
1937 CAR] v h e Collection was
originally presented to the Hope
Department c. 1900)
EAST,K., 1960 [PB]
E D D O ~ EDr.
S , Alfred, 1889 [AR]
EDMUNDS,
Malcolm, 1962 [AR]; 1963
TAW1
B
1'=[
DRURY,W., [MsLz]
EDWARD
GREYINSTITUTE
OF FIELD
DRYDEN,
Sir Henry, 1881 [EO]
ORNITHOLOGY,
OXFORD,
1947 [RC];
DUBLIN,
the Lord Archbishop of, 1845
1961 [PB]
[AMAz]; 1848 [AMAr]; [MsLz]
EDWARDS,
P., 1962 [PB]
(see WHATELY,
R., D.D.)
EDWARDS,
R. G., 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB]
DUCKWORTH,
Dyce, [CCr]
EDWARDS,
Mrs. R. P., 1954 [PB]
DUCKWORTH,
Dr., 1866 [RC 19141
Revd. R. S., 1910 [AR]
EDWARDS,
DUCKWORTH,
Mr., 1864 [ C e ]
EPPORD,Dr. I. E., 1960 [PB]; 1962
DUPFEY,Eric, 1952 CAR]
[PBI
DUPFIELD,
J. E., 1930 [AR]
EGERTON,
Sir P. M. (Christ Church),
DUNBAR,
M., 1938 [BC]; 1939 [AR]
[AM]
DUNCAN,John Shute, [AW; 1825
EICHWALD,
Ed. von, 1870 [CCr]
(or 1828 ?)[AMAz]; 1828 [AMAI];
Dr. C. H., 1906 [AR]
1829 [BC]; 1839 [AMAI; AMAz; EIGENMANN,
Miss Erica, 1955 [PB]
BC]; 1841 [AMAI; AMAz; RC EISENER,
ELDER,
Sir Thomas, 1887 [AR]
19271; 184z [AMAI; AMAz];
mnTi
ELIOT,
Sir
C., 1910 [AR]
LJJY'J
ELLIOTT,
Algernon, COLLECTION, 1934
DUNCAN,Philip Bury, 1831 [BC);
[PBI
1835 [ A m ; 1839 [AMAI; A M z ;
ELLIOTT,D. W., 1965 [PB]
BC]; 18qo [AMAI; AMAz; BC];
ELLIOTT,Mrs. G., 1957 [AR]
1861 [AMAI; AMAz; BC];
ELLIOTT,H. F. I., 1936 [PB]; 1940
~ S L Z ] ; PDI]
[PBI; I954 [ARI
DUNCAN,
Dr., 1841 [AMAI] ( ?J. S.
ELLIOTT,Mrs. J. S., 1938 [AR 1.9391
or P. B. Duncan)
ELLIOIIT, Sir Walter, F.R.S., 1876DUNCOMBE,
Mrs., 1968 [PB]
7 W]; 1876 [ O q ; 1880 M A ;
DUNK,C. (McGill University, MonOC; CCr]
-4, [CCrI
ELLIOTT, Dr. W. T., COLLECTION,
DUNSTERVILLE,
George, [CCr]
1938 [AR 19391
DURHAM,
Dr. H. E., 1889 [AR];
188- ? [RC 1891, ELLIS,A. E., 1924 [PB]; 1925 [AR];
1890
1926 [AR]; 1962 CAR]
18921; 1938 [ARI
ELLIS, Hon. C. (Merton College),
DURHAM,
Miss, 1935 [PB; MDrJ
[OC]; 1866 [CCr]
DURHAM,Bishop of, [OC] (see
-, Bishop of Durham) ELLIS, Hon. C. A., 1872 WA];
BARRINGTON,
1887-8
1888 [AR; O q
DUTHOIT,H., 1870
1878-9
ELLIS, Hon. E., 1862 [RC 18991;
W];1878 [oc]
1865 W D I ; RC 19011
DYER,Prof. T., 1872 W A ; OC)
ELLIS,
G., [RC 18951
DYMOND,
Prof., 1925 [RC]
ELTON,Charles S., 1925 [PB]; 1935
[PBI; 1936 [PBI; 1949 [PBI; 1954
EADE,J., [RC 19441
[PB]
EAGAR,
Dr. R. M. C., 1954 [AR]

DAWSON, (Principal, McGill Coll.,

Montreal), [CCr]; [RC 18991 (The
RC entry giva donor as 'Dawson,
-' but as this specimen, an Insectivore, is from Montreal, it seems likely
to have been obtained from McGill

DREW,T., 1895 ( 1) [BC]

DREWITT,F. D., 1870 [MA]; 1876
1886 [AR]
DRINKWATER,
Miss F;. G., 1933 [PB]
DRINKWATER,
Md., 1886 [AR]
DRUCE,Herbert, 1886 [AR]; 1890

m];

also)

L A =A.

DAY, F., 1879 F A ] ; 1880 [PS];

[OC]; 1880 [RC 19681 (S Francis
Day)
DAY,Surg.-Maj. Francis, 1883 CAR]
DEAKIN,
Revd. K. A., 1916 [AR]
Revd. H., 1881 [BC]
DEANE,
DEANE,
Sir Thomas, 1848 [DMJ
DEANE,
T. N., 1879 [CCr]
DEAR,Ph., 1897 [AR] (Name is spelt
differently in [PB] and other references; see DEER,Ph.)
DE BEER,Dr. Gavin R., 1936 [RC]
DEER,Ph., 1'897 [AR, as Dear, Ph.];
1897 [PB; BC]
DELF,Mr. (Oxford), [ A m
DE LISLE,Capt. H. F. (Guernsey), 1827
[Aw
DELTAINSTITUT
VOOR HYDROBIOLOGISCH
ONDERZOEK,
Netherlands,
1969 [AR]
"Miss Rada, 195s [RC;
DEMEREC,
BC]
DENNIS,
Maj. S., 1946 P C ]
DESPOTT,Prof. G., I919 CAR]
'DISCOVERY'
COMMITTEE,
1933 [AR];
1935 [AR 1.9361; 1949 CAR]
DIXEY,Dr. F. A., 1930 [AR]
DIXEY,H., 1944 [PB],
Doess, -, Esq., 1862 [CCr]
DOBREE,
A., 1913 [AR]
DOBSON,
G. E., 1884 [PB]
DODD,T.,1875 W A ; OC]
DODGSON,
Edward T., 1883 [AR]
DONCASTER,
L., 1911 [AR]; 1913
[C~;I~I~[AR]
Cotterel, [AMAI, as C.
D a r ] ; 1837 WsLz]; [BC]
DOUGLAS,
Prof. J. A., 1945 [PB]
DOWSON,
H. M., 1896 [AR]
DRESDEN
ROYAL
MUSEUM,
1876 [OC]
DRESDEN
ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS,
[OC]

m];

I 08

m];

m];

109

A P P E N D I X 111

DALHOUSIE,
Countess, [BC]
DANBY,
T. W., 1892 [AR; CCr]
DANIEL,J. M., 1871 [MDI]
DARBISHIRE,
Miss Alice, 1884 [AR]
(through Dr. S. D. Darbishire; the
Annual Report gives the name
erroneously as Miss Agnes Darbishim)
DARBISHIRE,
A. D., 1911 [AR]; 1913
CAR1
DARBISHIRE,
R. D., 1872 WA];
1883 [AR]; [CCr]
DARBISHIRE,
Dr. S. D., 1884 [AR]
DARBISHIRE
COLLECTION,
1884 [RC
1gz7] (presumably the Collection of
Miss Alice Darbishk)
DARLOW,
Capt. J. J., 1917 [AR]
DART,J. H. (Exeter College), [ A m
DASHWOOD,
H. W. (Kinlington Park),
[AM]; PDI]; [BC] (entered in
BD1 and BC erroneously as W. H.
Dashwood)
DAUBENY,
Prof. Charles Giles Bridle
(Prof. of Botany 1834-68), [BDI]
DAUBENY,
James, 1850 PDI]; 1851
[AMAI; AMAz; MsLz]; COLLECTION, 185-1 P C ] (as J. Daubeny
Coll.)
DAUBENY,
Revd. T. (Abyssinia), 1878
[BDI; BC]
DAUBENY,
Dr., [AM]; 1838 [AMAI;
AMAz; RC 1895; BC]; 1853 [DB];
1855 [DBI; [CCrl; [RC 18971
DAUBENY,
Prof., 1866 [PS]
DAUGLISH,
Revd. G. W., 1947 [RC]
DAVENPORT,
R., [CCr]
DAVENPORT-HILL,
Miss, 1919 W D I ]
DAVIDSON,
J. E., 1870
[PS]
DAVIES,
G. P., 1961 [PB]
DAVIES,
John, 1957 [PB]; 1958 [PB]
DAVIS,Arthur G., 1952 [PB]
DAW, Dr. John, F.R.S., [OC];
1869 m
1
DAWKINS,
Prof. W;Boyd, 1870 [MA];
c
1885 [AR]
DAWSON,
Revd. h.(~rasenoseCollege),
1845 [ A m 1 1
DAWSON,
J. Crosbie, 1964 [PB]

m];

I N D E X OF DONORS

EARLE,
J, R., 1882 [BC]; COLLECTION,
1937 CAR] v h e Collection was
originally presented to the Hope
Department c. 1900)
EAST,K., 1960 [PB]
E D D O ~ EDr.
S , Alfred, 1889 [AR]
EDMUNDS,
Malcolm, 1962 [AR]; 1963
TAW1
B
1'=[
DRURY,W., [MsLz]
EDWARD
GREYINSTITUTE
OF FIELD
DRYDEN,
Sir Henry, 1881 [EO]
ORNITHOLOGY,
OXFORD,
1947 [RC];
DUBLIN,
the Lord Archbishop of, 1845
1961 [PB]
[AMAz]; 1848 [AMAr]; [MsLz]
EDWARDS,
P., 1962 [PB]
(see WHATELY,
R., D.D.)
EDWARDS,
R. G., 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB]
DUCKWORTH,
Dyce, [CCr]
EDWARDS,
Mrs. R. P., 1954 [PB]
DUCKWORTH,
Dr., 1866 [RC 19141
Revd. R. S., 1910 [AR]
EDWARDS,
DUCKWORTH,
Mr., 1864 [ C e ]
EPPORD,Dr. I. E., 1960 [PB]; 1962
DUPFEY,Eric, 1952 CAR]
[PBI
DUPFIELD,
J. E., 1930 [AR]
EGERTON,
Sir P. M. (Christ Church),
DUNBAR,
M., 1938 [BC]; 1939 [AR]
[AM]
DUNCAN,John Shute, [AW; 1825
EICHWALD,
Ed. von, 1870 [CCr]
(or 1828 ?)[AMAz]; 1828 [AMAI];
Dr. C. H., 1906 [AR]
1829 [BC]; 1839 [AMAI; AMAz; EIGENMANN,
Miss Erica, 1955 [PB]
BC]; 1841 [AMAI; AMAz; RC EISENER,
ELDER,
Sir Thomas, 1887 [AR]
19271; 184z [AMAI; AMAz];
mnTi
ELIOT,
Sir
C., 1910 [AR]
LJJY'J
ELLIOTT,
Algernon, COLLECTION, 1934
DUNCAN,Philip Bury, 1831 [BC);
[PBI
1835 [ A m ; 1839 [AMAI; A M z ;
ELLIOTT,D. W., 1965 [PB]
BC]; 18qo [AMAI; AMAz; BC];
ELLIOTT,Mrs. G., 1957 [AR]
1861 [AMAI; AMAz; BC];
ELLIOTT,H. F. I., 1936 [PB]; 1940
~ S L Z ] ; PDI]
[PBI; I954 [ARI
DUNCAN,
Dr., 1841 [AMAI] ( ?J. S.
ELLIOTT,Mrs. J. S., 1938 [AR 1.9391
or P. B. Duncan)
ELLIOIIT, Sir Walter, F.R.S., 1876DUNCOMBE,
Mrs., 1968 [PB]
7 W]; 1876 [ O q ; 1880 M A ;
DUNK,C. (McGill University, MonOC; CCr]
-4, [CCrI
ELLIOTT, Dr. W. T., COLLECTION,
DUNSTERVILLE,
George, [CCr]
1938 [AR 19391
DURHAM,
Dr. H. E., 1889 [AR];
188- ? [RC 1891, ELLIS,A. E., 1924 [PB]; 1925 [AR];
1890
1926 [AR]; 1962 CAR]
18921; 1938 [ARI
ELLIS, Hon. C. (Merton College),
DURHAM,
Miss, 1935 [PB; MDrJ
[OC]; 1866 [CCr]
DURHAM,Bishop of, [OC] (see
-, Bishop of Durham) ELLIS, Hon. C. A., 1872 WA];
BARRINGTON,
1887-8
1888 [AR; O q
DUTHOIT,H., 1870
1878-9
ELLIS, Hon. E., 1862 [RC 18991;
W];1878 [oc]
1865 W D I ; RC 19011
DYER,Prof. T., 1872 W A ; OC)
ELLIS,
G., [RC 18951
DYMOND,
Prof., 1925 [RC]
ELTON,Charles S., 1925 [PB]; 1935
[PBI; 1936 [PBI; 1949 [PBI; 1954
EADE,J., [RC 19441
[PB]
EAGAR,
Dr. R. M. C., 1954 [AR]

DAWSON, (Principal, McGill Coll.,

Montreal), [CCr]; [RC 18991 (The
RC entry giva donor as 'Dawson,
-' but as this specimen, an Insectivore, is from Montreal, it seems likely
to have been obtained from McGill

DREW,T., 1895 ( 1) [BC]

DREWITT,F. D., 1870 [MA]; 1876
1886 [AR]
DRINKWATER,
Miss F;. G., 1933 [PB]
DRINKWATER,
Md., 1886 [AR]
DRUCE,Herbert, 1886 [AR]; 1890

m];

also)

L A =A.

DAY, F., 1879 F A ] ; 1880 [PS];

[OC]; 1880 [RC 19681 (S Francis
Day)
DAY,Surg.-Maj. Francis, 1883 CAR]
DEAKIN,
Revd. K. A., 1916 [AR]
Revd. H., 1881 [BC]
DEANE,
DEANE,
Sir Thomas, 1848 [DMJ
DEANE,
T. N., 1879 [CCr]
DEAR,Ph., 1897 [AR] (Name is spelt
differently in [PB] and other references; see DEER,Ph.)
DE BEER,Dr. Gavin R., 1936 [RC]
DEER,Ph., 1'897 [AR, as Dear, Ph.];
1897 [PB; BC]
DELF,Mr. (Oxford), [ A m
DE LISLE,Capt. H. F. (Guernsey), 1827
[Aw
DELTAINSTITUT
VOOR HYDROBIOLOGISCH
ONDERZOEK,
Netherlands,
1969 [AR]
"Miss Rada, 195s [RC;
DEMEREC,
BC]
DENNIS,
Maj. S., 1946 P C ]
DESPOTT,Prof. G., I919 CAR]
'DISCOVERY'
COMMITTEE,
1933 [AR];
1935 [AR 1.9361; 1949 CAR]
DIXEY,Dr. F. A., 1930 [AR]
DIXEY,H., 1944 [PB],
Doess, -, Esq., 1862 [CCr]
DOBREE,
A., 1913 [AR]
DOBSON,
G. E., 1884 [PB]
DODD,T.,1875 W A ; OC]
DODGSON,
Edward T., 1883 [AR]
DONCASTER,
L., 1911 [AR]; 1913
[C~;I~I~[AR]
Cotterel, [AMAI, as C.
D a r ] ; 1837 WsLz]; [BC]
DOUGLAS,
Prof. J. A., 1945 [PB]
DOWSON,
H. M., 1896 [AR]
DRESDEN
ROYAL
MUSEUM,
1876 [OC]
DRESDEN
ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS,
[OC]

m];

I 08

m];

m];

109

APPENDIX 111
ELTON,Revd. E., 1882 [BC]
[AMAI];
1837 [BDI];
1839
ELTRINGHAM,
Dr. H., 1916 [AR];
[AMAI]; 1841 WsLz]; [BC]
1917 [RC; BC]
FLETCHER,P. B. (New College),
ELWELL,L., 1937 [AR 19381; 1938
[AMAz]
CAR]
FLOWER,
John (Exeter College), 1871
ELWES,
Henry J., 1887 [AR]
[MA]; 1872 MA]; 1878 [MA];
ERLE,- Esq., [AM]; [BC, as Mr.
1878 [OC]; 1880-1 [MA]; 1881
Erle]
[OC]; COLLECTION, 1883 [AR];
ESCHRICHT,
Prof., [OC]; [PS]
[OCI
EVANS,
A., 1883 [CCr]
FLOWER,
J. W., 1871 [OC]; [CCr]
EVANS,
John, F.S.A., 1878 [CCr]
FLOWER,
Marcus, 1877 [OC; RC 19141
EVANS,L. (Wadham College), 1841 FLOWER,
Wickharn, COLLECTION, [RC
[AMA I]
19021
EVANS,Dr. R., 1899 [AR]; 1900 FLOWER,
Dr. W., 1871 M A ]
FLOWER,
W. H., 1874 [OC]
CAR]; I903 CAR]
T. R., 1948 [PB]
EVANS,
FLOWER,
Mr. (Edinburgh), 1851[DB];
EVANS,
Mr., 1962 [PB]
1852 [DB]; 1855 [DB]
E. N., 1952 [PB]
EVELEIGH,
1881-2 WA]; 1882
FLOWER,b.,
EVELYN,
W. J., 1872 [MA; OC]
[OC]; 1883 [AR]
EXETERCOLLEGE
LIBRARY,
OXFORD, FLOYD,Revd. John A., 1874 W A ;
1936 [PBl
OC]; 1881 [EO]
FLOYD,Revd. T. Owen, 1935 [PB]
FAIRCLOUCH,(Cape Town), [CCr] FOGDEN,
M. P. L., 1962 ?, see OXFORD
FALKNER,
C., 1867 [CCr]
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITION:
(2nd) to
FAWEL,
Mons., 1885 [AR]
Kiunga Archipelago, Kenya, 196I
FAWKE,
R. E. J., 1940 [PB]
FONTAINE,
Dr. Arthur R., 1956 [PB]
FAYRER,
Sir Joseph, 1894 [PB]; 1895 FORBES,
Drg.Charlw, W D q
FORBES,
Dr. h.. O., 1894 [RC 18953;
CAR]
FEENY,
Paul P,, 1963 [AR]
1895 CAR]
FERGUSON,
R. (Raith, Scotland), [AM] FORD,Dr. E. B., 1930 [RC]
FERRIDAY,
T. B., 1936 [PB]
FORSTER,
A. J., 1949 [PB]
FIEDLER,Dr. (Dresden), 1877 [OC];
FORSTER,Revd. T. (New College),
1878 [MA]
[AMAI]; MsL2, the entry having
FIELD,F. J., 1896 [PB]
been made later in a different handFIELD,Mrs., 1896 [AR]; [RC 18961;
writing]; [BC]
s
1896 [BC card] (The Bird Catalogue FOSTER,E. A., 1919 [AR]
card shows date in error as 1876)
FOWLER,
Dr. G. H., 1906 [AR]; [RC
FILIPOWSKI,
F., 1957 [PB]; 1961 [PB]
1911]
FINCH, W. H., 1928 [AR]; 1928 FOWLER,
Miss Wilhelmina, 1890 [AR]
[BC card] (BC card gives initials FOWLER,
William Warde, 1889 [AR];
erroneously as H. W.; W. H. is the
1892 [AR]; 1893 [RC 18941; 1896
form given in the Presentation Book)
FINN,F., 1893 CAR]; 1894 [RC 18971 F E b / D r . , 1847 [CCr]
FISCHBERG,Dr. rM., 1954 [PB];
FOWLER,
Miss, 1906 [PB]
FOWLER,
fi.,1939 [PB]
1958 [PB]; 1 ~ 6~1 A R ]
FISHER,J. M. McC., 1933 [PB]
Fox, G. T. (Newcastle), [AMJ
FISHER,Capt., 1903 [AR]
Fox, Howard, family of, 1935 [PB]
FLETCHER,
J. P. (New College), 1836 FRANK,
J. H., 1965 [PB]

II0

INDEX OF DONORS
GILLETT,W., 1880 [RC 19271; 1880
Philip, M.D., [CCr]
FRANK,
[BC]
FRANK,
Mr., [CCr]
GIRE,R. C., 1872 [PS]
FRANKLIN,
Capt. Sir John, [AMJ
GLADSTONE,
Peter, 1965 [AR 19661
FRAZER,
A. B., 1873 [RC 18993
GLANVILLE,
Mr., 1857 [DB]
FREEBORN,
H., I932 [PB]
GODDARD,
Revd. E. H., 1893 [AR];
FREEBORN,
R. F. (Surgeon), [PS]
1910 [PB; BC]; 1919 [BC] (The BC
FREEBORN,
Mr., 1854 [DB]
entry for 1919 notes that the donor
FREEMAN,
Mr., 1962 [PB]
FRERE HALL MUSEUM,KARACHI, thought it possible that the specimens
might be of the C. W. Wyatt Collec1883 [AR]
tion. E. H. and Revd. E. H. refer
FRITCH,Dr. Anton, 1865 [OC; RC
19691
to the same person)
GODDARD,
Mrs. R. A., 1953 [BC]
FULLER,
H. W., [MDI]
(This specimen is noted as ' ? shot by
FULTON,
Prof. J. F., 1930 [AR]
C. W. Wyatt'; the donor was a
FURNEAUX,
Revd. A., [RC 19681
relative of C. W. Wyatt)
GODDINC,
Mr., 1960 [PB]
GAIT,R. P., 1947 [PB]
GODPREY,Frederick Race (Bhoort
GALBRAITH,
I. C. J., 1955 [PB];
[sic], = Boon, nr. Port Philip, AmI959 [ARl
tnlia),
1849 [AMAI; AMAz; BDI;
GALBRAITH,
Mrs. Mary, 1930 [AR]
B q ; 1880 [RC 1927; B q
GALE,H., 1925 [PB]
GODPREY,
John, 1966 [PB]
GALTON,
J., 1876 M]
GODPREY,
R. W., [BC]
GAMMIE,
Jarnes A., 1887 [AR]
GOODENOUCH,
Cdr. W.M.S. Peart), c.
GARDINER,
Alan Poole, COLLECTION,
1869-74
[EO]
(Undated envy ap1951 [AR]
pean between the dates noted)
GARDINER,
Prof. Stanley, 1910 [RC]
GARDINER,
Mr., 1946 [RC]
GOODRICH,Prof. Edwin S., 1894
GARNETT,
Mrs. M., 1944 [PB]
[AR]; 1895 [AR]; 1896 [RC];
1897 [PB]; 1898 [RC 18991; 1899
GARNETT,
R. M., 1933 [PB]
GARRATT,
Revd. C. F., 1920 [AR]
[AR]; 1900 [AR]; 1902 [RC];
GARRETT,
Crosby, 1874 [OC]
1905 [AR]; 1908 [RC]; 1918 [AR];
GARSTANG,
Dr. W., 1896 [RC]; 1897
1920 [AR]; 1922 PB]; 1924 [AR];
[RC]; 1898 [AR]; COLLECTION,
I932 [PB]; 1933 [PB]; 1934 [PB];
I935 [PBI; 1938 [PBI
1950 [PB]
GOODRICH,Dr. Helen PixeU, 1917
GATENBY,
J. Bronte, 1916 [AR]
GAUNTLETT,S. T., 1934 [RC];
[RC]; 1950 [PB]
1938 [PBl
GORDON, Revd. Richard, 1850
GEE,M i s Dorothy B., 1949 [PB]
[AMAI]; MsL2,
Revd. R.
Gordon]
GENTRY,
Alan, 1962 [AR 19631
Seton, 1949 [PB]
GORDON,
GETHIN,Col. Sir Richard W. St. L.,
GORRINCE,
Mrs. L., 1944 [PB]
1948 [PBI
GOTCH,F., 1889[AR]; 1 8 9 0 p ; PS]
GIARD,Prof. A., 1889 [AR]
GOULD,Revd. J. (Magdalcn C o k e ) ,
GIBBS,Max, 1961 [PB]; 1964 [PB]
GILES,Dr., 1866 [RC 18991; 1867 [RC
[AMJ
GOULD,Mr., 1830 [BC] (Data s e n
18991
only for Bird skin B/6210); 1847
GILKS,J., 1926 [PB]
[DM (via Dr. Melville, Ref. no.
GILL,W. Wyatt, [RC 18961
8057); RC 19531
GILLETT,J. A., 1936 [AR 19371
III

APPENDIX 111
ELTON,Revd. E., 1882 [BC]
[AMAI];
1837 [BDI];
1839
ELTRINGHAM,
Dr. H., 1916 [AR];
[AMAI]; 1841 WsLz]; [BC]
1917 [RC; BC]
FLETCHER,P. B. (New College),
ELWELL,L., 1937 [AR 19381; 1938
[AMAz]
CAR]
FLOWER,
John (Exeter College), 1871
ELWES,
Henry J., 1887 [AR]
[MA]; 1872 MA]; 1878 [MA];
ERLE,- Esq., [AM]; [BC, as Mr.
1878 [OC]; 1880-1 [MA]; 1881
Erle]
[OC]; COLLECTION, 1883 [AR];
ESCHRICHT,
Prof., [OC]; [PS]
[OCI
EVANS,
A., 1883 [CCr]
FLOWER,
J. W., 1871 [OC]; [CCr]
EVANS,
John, F.S.A., 1878 [CCr]
FLOWER,
Marcus, 1877 [OC; RC 19141
EVANS,L. (Wadham College), 1841 FLOWER,
Wickharn, COLLECTION, [RC
[AMA I]
19021
EVANS,Dr. R., 1899 [AR]; 1900 FLOWER,
Dr. W., 1871 M A ]
FLOWER,
W. H., 1874 [OC]
CAR]; I903 CAR]
T. R., 1948 [PB]
EVANS,
FLOWER,
Mr. (Edinburgh), 1851[DB];
EVANS,
Mr., 1962 [PB]
1852 [DB]; 1855 [DB]
E. N., 1952 [PB]
EVELEIGH,
1881-2 WA]; 1882
FLOWER,b.,
EVELYN,
W. J., 1872 [MA; OC]
[OC]; 1883 [AR]
EXETERCOLLEGE
LIBRARY,
OXFORD, FLOYD,Revd. John A., 1874 W A ;
1936 [PBl
OC]; 1881 [EO]
FLOYD,Revd. T. Owen, 1935 [PB]
FAIRCLOUCH,(Cape Town), [CCr] FOGDEN,
M. P. L., 1962 ?, see OXFORD
FALKNER,
C., 1867 [CCr]
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITION:
(2nd) to
FAWEL,
Mons., 1885 [AR]
Kiunga Archipelago, Kenya, 196I
FAWKE,
R. E. J., 1940 [PB]
FONTAINE,
Dr. Arthur R., 1956 [PB]
FAYRER,
Sir Joseph, 1894 [PB]; 1895 FORBES,
Drg.Charlw, W D q
FORBES,
Dr. h.. O., 1894 [RC 18953;
CAR]
FEENY,
Paul P,, 1963 [AR]
1895 CAR]
FERGUSON,
R. (Raith, Scotland), [AM] FORD,Dr. E. B., 1930 [RC]
FERRIDAY,
T. B., 1936 [PB]
FORSTER,
A. J., 1949 [PB]
FIEDLER,Dr. (Dresden), 1877 [OC];
FORSTER,Revd. T. (New College),
1878 [MA]
[AMAI]; MsL2, the entry having
FIELD,F. J., 1896 [PB]
been made later in a different handFIELD,Mrs., 1896 [AR]; [RC 18961;
writing]; [BC]
s
1896 [BC card] (The Bird Catalogue FOSTER,E. A., 1919 [AR]
card shows date in error as 1876)
FOWLER,
Dr. G. H., 1906 [AR]; [RC
FILIPOWSKI,
F., 1957 [PB]; 1961 [PB]
1911]
FINCH, W. H., 1928 [AR]; 1928 FOWLER,
Miss Wilhelmina, 1890 [AR]
[BC card] (BC card gives initials FOWLER,
William Warde, 1889 [AR];
erroneously as H. W.; W. H. is the
1892 [AR]; 1893 [RC 18941; 1896
form given in the Presentation Book)
FINN,F., 1893 CAR]; 1894 [RC 18971 F E b / D r . , 1847 [CCr]
FISCHBERG,Dr. rM., 1954 [PB];
FOWLER,
Miss, 1906 [PB]
FOWLER,
fi.,1939 [PB]
1958 [PB]; 1 ~ 6~1 A R ]
FISHER,J. M. McC., 1933 [PB]
Fox, G. T. (Newcastle), [AMJ
FISHER,Capt., 1903 [AR]
Fox, Howard, family of, 1935 [PB]
FLETCHER,
J. P. (New College), 1836 FRANK,
J. H., 1965 [PB]

II0

INDEX OF DONORS
GILLETT,W., 1880 [RC 19271; 1880
Philip, M.D., [CCr]
FRANK,
[BC]
FRANK,
Mr., [CCr]
GIRE,R. C., 1872 [PS]
FRANKLIN,
Capt. Sir John, [AMJ
GLADSTONE,
Peter, 1965 [AR 19661
FRAZER,
A. B., 1873 [RC 18993
GLANVILLE,
Mr., 1857 [DB]
FREEBORN,
H., I932 [PB]
GODDARD,
Revd. E. H., 1893 [AR];
FREEBORN,
R. F. (Surgeon), [PS]
1910 [PB; BC]; 1919 [BC] (The BC
FREEBORN,
Mr., 1854 [DB]
entry for 1919 notes that the donor
FREEMAN,
Mr., 1962 [PB]
FRERE HALL MUSEUM,KARACHI, thought it possible that the specimens
might be of the C. W. Wyatt Collec1883 [AR]
tion. E. H. and Revd. E. H. refer
FRITCH,Dr. Anton, 1865 [OC; RC
19691
to the same person)
GODDARD,
Mrs. R. A., 1953 [BC]
FULLER,
H. W., [MDI]
(This specimen is noted as ' ? shot by
FULTON,
Prof. J. F., 1930 [AR]
C. W. Wyatt'; the donor was a
FURNEAUX,
Revd. A., [RC 19681
relative of C. W. Wyatt)
GODDINC,
Mr., 1960 [PB]
GAIT,R. P., 1947 [PB]
GODPREY,Frederick Race (Bhoort
GALBRAITH,
I. C. J., 1955 [PB];
[sic], = Boon, nr. Port Philip, AmI959 [ARl
tnlia),
1849 [AMAI; AMAz; BDI;
GALBRAITH,
Mrs. Mary, 1930 [AR]
B q ; 1880 [RC 1927; B q
GALE,H., 1925 [PB]
GODPREY,
John, 1966 [PB]
GALTON,
J., 1876 M]
GODPREY,
R. W., [BC]
GAMMIE,
Jarnes A., 1887 [AR]
GOODENOUCH,
Cdr. W.M.S. Peart), c.
GARDINER,
Alan Poole, COLLECTION,
1869-74
[EO]
(Undated envy ap1951 [AR]
pean between the dates noted)
GARDINER,
Prof. Stanley, 1910 [RC]
GARDINER,
Mr., 1946 [RC]
GOODRICH,Prof. Edwin S., 1894
GARNETT,
Mrs. M., 1944 [PB]
[AR]; 1895 [AR]; 1896 [RC];
1897 [PB]; 1898 [RC 18991; 1899
GARNETT,
R. M., 1933 [PB]
GARRATT,
Revd. C. F., 1920 [AR]
[AR]; 1900 [AR]; 1902 [RC];
GARRETT,
Crosby, 1874 [OC]
1905 [AR]; 1908 [RC]; 1918 [AR];
GARSTANG,
Dr. W., 1896 [RC]; 1897
1920 [AR]; 1922 PB]; 1924 [AR];
[RC]; 1898 [AR]; COLLECTION,
I932 [PB]; 1933 [PB]; 1934 [PB];
I935 [PBI; 1938 [PBI
1950 [PB]
GOODRICH,Dr. Helen PixeU, 1917
GATENBY,
J. Bronte, 1916 [AR]
GAUNTLETT,S. T., 1934 [RC];
[RC]; 1950 [PB]
1938 [PBl
GORDON, Revd. Richard, 1850
GEE,M i s Dorothy B., 1949 [PB]
[AMAI]; MsL2,
Revd. R.
Gordon]
GENTRY,
Alan, 1962 [AR 19631
Seton, 1949 [PB]
GORDON,
GETHIN,Col. Sir Richard W. St. L.,
GORRINCE,
Mrs. L., 1944 [PB]
1948 [PBI
GOTCH,F., 1889[AR]; 1 8 9 0 p ; PS]
GIARD,Prof. A., 1889 [AR]
GOULD,Revd. J. (Magdalcn C o k e ) ,
GIBBS,Max, 1961 [PB]; 1964 [PB]
GILES,Dr., 1866 [RC 18991; 1867 [RC
[AMJ
GOULD,Mr., 1830 [BC] (Data s e n
18991
only for Bird skin B/6210); 1847
GILKS,J., 1926 [PB]
[DM (via Dr. Melville, Ref. no.
GILL,W. Wyatt, [RC 18961
8057); RC 19531
GILLETT,J. A., 1936 [AR 19371
III

APPENDIX I11
GOULDINC,
-, 1850 [DB]
see
GOVERNMENT
MUSEUM,MADRAS,
MADRAS,
Government Museum
GRABHAM,
Miss, [ I ~ O I RC]
GRAFTONAND ARMIDALE,N. S.
WALES,Bishop of, 1890 [AR]; 1893
CAR]. See alro CHESTER,Revd. J.
Greville
GRAHAM,
- Esq., 1858 [DB]
GRASSI,Prof., 1896 [AR]
GRAY,Har~ldB., 1903 [RC 19141;
1916 [RC]; 1918 [RC]; [RC 19321;
I933 CAR]; 1936 PC]; 1938 CPBI;
1940 [BC card]
GREEN,
H., 1878 rOCl
GREEN,J. ~tani'forti, 1885 CAR];
1889 [AR]
GREENHILL,
Dr. (of Hastings), 1851
[DB; OC; RC 19561
GREENLEAF,
Dr., 1884 [PB]
GREENWELL,
Canon W., 1870 W];
1871 WA]; 1875 WA]; COLLECTION, [CO]
GREGORY, Prof. W. (Prof. of
Chemistry, Edinburgh), [DM]
(Entry is undated, pre-1846)
GRENFELL,
W. H., 1900 [AR]
GRENSTED,Revd. Canon & Prof.
L. W., 1925 [AR]; 1927 [PB];
'942 [PBI; '948 [PBI; 1950 [PBI;
'954 [RC]
GRENVILL,
D. A., [RC 18941
GRESSWELL,
Dr. D., 1878 [RC 18981
GRESSWELL,
D. A., 1884 [AR]
GRESSWELL,G. (Louth), 1878 ?
COCl
GREY,^^^. G. F. (University College),
[AM]
GRIFFITH, J. R. (Oriel College),
[MsLz]
GRIFFITHS, J. O., 1875 M]
GRIFFITHS,T. P., 1873 [ O q ; [RC
19291
GROOME,
J. R., 1931 [AR, erroneously
as G. R. Groome; confirmed as
J. R. in PB; Bq'
GROSS,Dr., 1870 [CCr]; 1878 [CCr]
(= Prof. Gross)

INDEX OF DONORS

GROSS, Prof., 1870 W A ] (= Dr.

Gross)
GROSVENOR,
G. H., 1906 [RC]; I907
[RC1
GROSV~NOR, G. H., Executors of, 1912
CAR1
GROSVENOR,
John, 1960 [PB]
GUDGEON,
Mrs. A. E., 1910 [AR]
GUISE,Charles, [CCr]
GULLIVER,
George, 1873 W; MsLj
(as Mr. Gulliver); OC]; 1874-5
W];1875 [OC; PS]; 1876 W A ;
OC]; 1880 [EO]; 1891
See
also TRANSIT
OF VENUS
EXPEDITION
GUNN, Donald, COLLECTION, 1908
CAR1
GUNTHER,
Dr. A., 1893 CAR]
GUNTHER,
Dr. A. E., 1944 [PB]
GUNTHER,R. W. T., 1898 CAR];
'905 CAR]; 1927 CAR]; 1945 W D I I
GUNTHER,Dr., 1894 [RC 19061;
'895 CAR1
GURNEY,
E., 1898 [AR]; 1906 CAR]
GURNEY,Dr. Robert, 1907 [RC];
'949 P I ; '950 P R 1
GURNEY,
T.H., 1879 P C ]
GUSH,G. H., 1936 (?)P C ]
GWYN-JEFPREYS,
J., [CCr]

m].

HAAST,Sir Julius von, 1886 CAR]

HAAST, Dr. (Canterbury Museum,
Christchurch, N. Zealand), 1871

cc01
-

HADDON,Prof., 1893 [RC]; 1895

CAR]; '897 CAR1
HADLEY,
Mr., 1956 [PB]
HAILE, N., I955 [RC]
HArNES, Mr. Henry, WsLz]
HArNES, J., 1866 WSLz]
HALL, A., 1884 [PB]
HA E. Pickard, P D q ; 1871 P C ,
yl*#
as E. Prickard Hall]
HALL, Miss M. F., 1958 [PB]; 1960
CPBl
HAMBIDGE,
Mr., 1954 [RC]
HAMEULEY,
W. H., 1926 [AR]
HAMLYN,
Capt., 1871 [RC 18983

HAMM,A. H., 1922 [AR]

HAMMOND,
Capt., later Maj. H. A.,
1875
188-1 F A ] ; [OC];
1881 [OC]
HANs, C., 1936 [PB]
HANSARD,R. H., [PS]
HANSELL,
Revd. H., 1869 [CCr; RC
19001
%SON,
David, 1967 [PB]; 1968 [PB]
HARDING,
Lieut., R.N., [AM]
HARDY,Prof. Sir Alister C., 1922
[AR]; 1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB] ;
1956 [PB]; 1957 [RC]; 1958 [PB];
1959 [W; 1968 [PB]
HARDY,
David, 1971 [PB]
HARDY,
Michael, 1963 [PB]
HARE,Evan H., [CO]
HARFORD,
John J., 1848 [DM]
HARKNESS,
Dr. W., 1925 CAR]
HARLE,Mr., 1961 [PB]
HARMER,
Dr. S. F., 1907 [RC]
HARRIS,Dr. M. P., 1966 [AR 19673;
1967 [AR 19681; 1969 [AR 19701
HARRIS,T.,1847 [DM]
HARRIS,
Miss, 1944 [PB]
HARRIS,Mr., 1863 [CCr]
HARRISON,
A. H., 1905 [AR]
HARRISON,
Benjamin, 1847 [DM]
HARRISON,
C., 1924 [AR]
HARRISON,
Dr. J. M., 1963 [PB]
HARRISON,
Miss Ruth M., I909 [AR,
as Miss Ruth]; 1910 CAR, as Miss
Ruth]; 1913 [AR, as Miss R. M.]
HART-SYNNOT,
R. V. 0.(Bursar of
St. John's College), 1940 [PB]
HARTSHORNE,
B. F., (1872 ?) [CCr]
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY,Museum of
Comparative Zoology, 1884 [RC
1914Ii 1968 [AR 19691
HARVEY,A d m i d Sir John, K.C.B.,
COLLECTION,
1857 [MDq (Shell
Collection presented in 1857 by
Lady and Miss Harvey)
HARVEY,
Miss M., 1954 [PB]
HARVEY,
Lady, 1857 [MDq ( P m n tation of Collection of Admiral Sir
John Harvey); WsLz] (Presentation
of stuffed birds)

m];

HARVEY,
Miss, 1854[AMAI; AMAz];
1856 [AMAI]; WsLz]; 1857 WDI]
HARYEY,
-, COLLECTION, 1853 P C ]
(Full name of donor not specified,
but probably relates to buds donated
by Lady and Miss Harvey, presumably of the Admiral Sir John H m e y
Collection)
HASSALL,
Dr. W. O., 1966 [PB]
HAVILAND,
Miss M., 1915 [PB]
HAWES,
Revd., 1886 [RC 19681
HAWKER,
R. S. (Magdalen Hall), [AM]
HAWKINS,
Revd. E. (mliol College),
1863 P D I ; BC]
HAWKINS,
R. S., 1867 [CCr]
HAWKINS,
- Esq., 1862 PC]
HAYES,Ph., M.D., 1762 [AM]
HAYLEY,
Maj. Peter, 1961 [PB]
HAYNES,
A. S., 1940 [PB]
HAYWOOD,
John S., 1962 [RC]
HEDCEUND,Revd. Phillip, 1865
WsLz]
HEMMMCS,
W. A., 1945 [PB] (with
David B. Carlisle)
HENDERSON,C. (Witney, Oxon.),
[AM]; 1838 [AMAI; BC]
HENDERSON,
G., 1899 [AR]
HENDERSON,
T., 1910 [AR]
HEN-, C., 1966 [PB]
HERD,Capt. D., [OC]
HESTER,Mr., 1850 P B ] ; 1851 [DB];
1855 [DB]
HEWETT,Miss E., 1939 [PB]
HEWETT,Miss, 1887 [AR]
HEWITSON,
Mr., P j q
HEWLETT,
W. F., 1872 [RC 19521
HEWLETT,Mr. (St. Giles), [AM]
HICKMAN,
V. V., 1955 [PB]
HICKSON,Prof. Sidney J., 1883 [AR];
1886 [AR; OC]; 1887 [AR; CCr];
1888 [AR; OC; PS]; 1892 [RC
19071; 1904 [AR]
HIGHAM,
T. F., 1950 [PB]; 1955 CAR]
HILL,Maj. Berkeley, 1893 [PB]
HILL, Revd. Justly (NW CoUege),
1822 [AM; CO]
HILL,Prof. J. P., [RC 19121
HILL,M. D., 1910 CAR]

1x3

APPENDIX I11
GOULDINC,
-, 1850 [DB]
see
GOVERNMENT
MUSEUM,MADRAS,
MADRAS,
Government Museum
GRABHAM,
Miss, [ I ~ O I RC]
GRAFTONAND ARMIDALE,N. S.
WALES,Bishop of, 1890 [AR]; 1893
CAR]. See alro CHESTER,Revd. J.
Greville
GRAHAM,
- Esq., 1858 [DB]
GRASSI,Prof., 1896 [AR]
GRAY,Har~ldB., 1903 [RC 19141;
1916 [RC]; 1918 [RC]; [RC 19321;
I933 CAR]; 1936 PC]; 1938 CPBI;
1940 [BC card]
GREEN,
H., 1878 rOCl
GREEN,J. ~tani'forti, 1885 CAR];
1889 [AR]
GREENHILL,
Dr. (of Hastings), 1851
[DB; OC; RC 19561
GREENLEAF,
Dr., 1884 [PB]
GREENWELL,
Canon W., 1870 W];
1871 WA]; 1875 WA]; COLLECTION, [CO]
GREGORY, Prof. W. (Prof. of
Chemistry, Edinburgh), [DM]
(Entry is undated, pre-1846)
GRENFELL,
W. H., 1900 [AR]
GRENSTED,Revd. Canon & Prof.
L. W., 1925 [AR]; 1927 [PB];
'942 [PBI; '948 [PBI; 1950 [PBI;
'954 [RC]
GRENVILL,
D. A., [RC 18941
GRESSWELL,
Dr. D., 1878 [RC 18981
GRESSWELL,
D. A., 1884 [AR]
GRESSWELL,G. (Louth), 1878 ?
COCl
GREY,^^^. G. F. (University College),
[AM]
GRIFFITH, J. R. (Oriel College),
[MsLz]
GRIFFITHS, J. O., 1875 M]
GRIFFITHS,T. P., 1873 [ O q ; [RC
19291
GROOME,
J. R., 1931 [AR, erroneously
as G. R. Groome; confirmed as
J. R. in PB; Bq'
GROSS,Dr., 1870 [CCr]; 1878 [CCr]
(= Prof. Gross)

INDEX OF DONORS

GROSS, Prof., 1870 W A ] (= Dr.

Gross)
GROSVENOR,
G. H., 1906 [RC]; I907
[RC1
GROSV~NOR, G. H., Executors of, 1912
CAR1
GROSVENOR,
John, 1960 [PB]
GUDGEON,
Mrs. A. E., 1910 [AR]
GUISE,Charles, [CCr]
GULLIVER,
George, 1873 W; MsLj
(as Mr. Gulliver); OC]; 1874-5
W];1875 [OC; PS]; 1876 W A ;
OC]; 1880 [EO]; 1891
See
also TRANSIT
OF VENUS
EXPEDITION
GUNN, Donald, COLLECTION, 1908
CAR1
GUNTHER,
Dr. A., 1893 CAR]
GUNTHER,
Dr. A. E., 1944 [PB]
GUNTHER,R. W. T., 1898 CAR];
'905 CAR]; 1927 CAR]; 1945 W D I I
GUNTHER,Dr., 1894 [RC 19061;
'895 CAR1
GURNEY,
E., 1898 [AR]; 1906 CAR]
GURNEY,Dr. Robert, 1907 [RC];
'949 P I ; '950 P R 1
GURNEY,
T.H., 1879 P C ]
GUSH,G. H., 1936 (?)P C ]
GWYN-JEFPREYS,
J., [CCr]

m].

HAAST,Sir Julius von, 1886 CAR]

HAAST, Dr. (Canterbury Museum,
Christchurch, N. Zealand), 1871

cc01
-

HADDON,Prof., 1893 [RC]; 1895

CAR]; '897 CAR1
HADLEY,
Mr., 1956 [PB]
HAILE, N., I955 [RC]
HArNES, Mr. Henry, WsLz]
HArNES, J., 1866 WSLz]
HALL, A., 1884 [PB]
HA E. Pickard, P D q ; 1871 P C ,
yl*#
as E. Prickard Hall]
HALL, Miss M. F., 1958 [PB]; 1960
CPBl
HAMBIDGE,
Mr., 1954 [RC]
HAMEULEY,
W. H., 1926 [AR]
HAMLYN,
Capt., 1871 [RC 18983

HAMM,A. H., 1922 [AR]

HAMMOND,
Capt., later Maj. H. A.,
1875
188-1 F A ] ; [OC];
1881 [OC]
HANs, C., 1936 [PB]
HANSARD,R. H., [PS]
HANSELL,
Revd. H., 1869 [CCr; RC
19001
%SON,
David, 1967 [PB]; 1968 [PB]
HARDING,
Lieut., R.N., [AM]
HARDY,Prof. Sir Alister C., 1922
[AR]; 1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB] ;
1956 [PB]; 1957 [RC]; 1958 [PB];
1959 [W; 1968 [PB]
HARDY,
David, 1971 [PB]
HARDY,
Michael, 1963 [PB]
HARE,Evan H., [CO]
HARFORD,
John J., 1848 [DM]
HARKNESS,
Dr. W., 1925 CAR]
HARLE,Mr., 1961 [PB]
HARMER,
Dr. S. F., 1907 [RC]
HARRIS,Dr. M. P., 1966 [AR 19673;
1967 [AR 19681; 1969 [AR 19701
HARRIS,T.,1847 [DM]
HARRIS,
Miss, 1944 [PB]
HARRIS,Mr., 1863 [CCr]
HARRISON,
A. H., 1905 [AR]
HARRISON,
Benjamin, 1847 [DM]
HARRISON,
C., 1924 [AR]
HARRISON,
Dr. J. M., 1963 [PB]
HARRISON,
Miss Ruth M., I909 [AR,
as Miss Ruth]; 1910 CAR, as Miss
Ruth]; 1913 [AR, as Miss R. M.]
HART-SYNNOT,
R. V. 0.(Bursar of
St. John's College), 1940 [PB]
HARTSHORNE,
B. F., (1872 ?) [CCr]
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY,Museum of
Comparative Zoology, 1884 [RC
1914Ii 1968 [AR 19691
HARVEY,A d m i d Sir John, K.C.B.,
COLLECTION,
1857 [MDq (Shell
Collection presented in 1857 by
Lady and Miss Harvey)
HARVEY,
Miss M., 1954 [PB]
HARVEY,
Lady, 1857 [MDq ( P m n tation of Collection of Admiral Sir
John Harvey); WsLz] (Presentation
of stuffed birds)

m];

HARVEY,
Miss, 1854[AMAI; AMAz];
1856 [AMAI]; WsLz]; 1857 WDI]
HARYEY,
-, COLLECTION, 1853 P C ]
(Full name of donor not specified,
but probably relates to buds donated
by Lady and Miss Harvey, presumably of the Admiral Sir John H m e y
Collection)
HASSALL,
Dr. W. O., 1966 [PB]
HAVILAND,
Miss M., 1915 [PB]
HAWES,
Revd., 1886 [RC 19681
HAWKER,
R. S. (Magdalen Hall), [AM]
HAWKINS,
Revd. E. (mliol College),
1863 P D I ; BC]
HAWKINS,
R. S., 1867 [CCr]
HAWKINS,
- Esq., 1862 PC]
HAYES,Ph., M.D., 1762 [AM]
HAYLEY,
Maj. Peter, 1961 [PB]
HAYNES,
A. S., 1940 [PB]
HAYWOOD,
John S., 1962 [RC]
HEDCEUND,Revd. Phillip, 1865
WsLz]
HEMMMCS,
W. A., 1945 [PB] (with
David B. Carlisle)
HENDERSON,C. (Witney, Oxon.),
[AM]; 1838 [AMAI; BC]
HENDERSON,
G., 1899 [AR]
HENDERSON,
T., 1910 [AR]
HEN-, C., 1966 [PB]
HERD,Capt. D., [OC]
HESTER,Mr., 1850 P B ] ; 1851 [DB];
1855 [DB]
HEWETT,Miss E., 1939 [PB]
HEWETT,Miss, 1887 [AR]
HEWITSON,
Mr., P j q
HEWLETT,
W. F., 1872 [RC 19521
HEWLETT,Mr. (St. Giles), [AM]
HICKMAN,
V. V., 1955 [PB]
HICKSON,Prof. Sidney J., 1883 [AR];
1886 [AR; OC]; 1887 [AR; CCr];
1888 [AR; OC; PS]; 1892 [RC
19071; 1904 [AR]
HIGHAM,
T. F., 1950 [PB]; 1955 CAR]
HILL,Maj. Berkeley, 1893 [PB]
HILL, Revd. Justly (NW CoUege),
1822 [AM; CO]
HILL,Prof. J. P., [RC 19121
HILL,M. D., 1910 CAR]

1x3

APPENDIX I11

INDEX OF DONORS

HILL, W. C. Osman, 1950 [PB]; 1951 HOPEDEPARTMENT

OF ENTOMOLOGY,
[PBI; '952 [PBI
OXFORD,1915 [AR]; 1936 [PB];
HILTON,Mrs. JOG 1960 [PB]
1937 [AR]; 1962 [AR]; 1968
HIND,T. N., [RC 18961
[PB]; 1975 [PB] (Includes transHIND,Miss, [AM]
fers of material to the Department of
HINDLE,Prof. E., 1920 [AR]
Zoology & Comparative Anatomy
HINE,WILLIAM,
1896 [AR]; 1903 [RC]
and to The Zoological Collections.)
HIPPESLEY,Henry, 1850 [CCr]; 1864
Sec also CARPENTER,
Prof. G. D.
[CCrl; 1871 [MA]; [OC]
Hale and POULTON,
Prof. E. B.
HISLOP,J., 1961 [PB]; 1962 [RC]
HOPKINS,Revd. T. (Magdalen ColHITCHINGS,
George, 1846 [DM]
lege), 1873 [MA; OCI
HITCHINGS,
G. (St. Aldate's), [AM]
HORN,Dr., 1888 [AR]
HITCHINGS,Mr., 1850 [DB]; 1851 HORNELL,
J., 1897 [RC 19151
CDBI; 1853 CDBI; 1854 [DBI; HORNER,Revd. J. S. H. (Exeter
1855 [DB]; 186j [RC 18991; 1877
College), 1836 [AM; B q
[RC]; 1883 [RC 18991
HORTIN,Mrs., 1878 [OC] (Probably a
poorly written reference to Horton,
Mr.)
~oARE,-~eter,
1850 [DM]
HORTON,Mr.., 1878
HOBBS,Mrs. Leslie, 1957 [PB]
HORTON,Mrs., W D I ]
HOCART,
A. M., 1912 CAR]
HOSE, Charles, 1896 CAR]
HODGKINS,
R. D., 1966 [PB]
HOTTOT,R., I932 [PB]
HOGG,Revd. T., 1850 [DM]
Revd. W., 1887 [RD]
HOUGHTON,
HOGG,Mr., 1850 [DB] (= Revd. T. HOWARD,
H. J., 1934 [PB]
Hogg; the same donation)
HOWELL,Mr. Hinds, [AM]
HOLDEN,
R. A., 1965 [PB]
Horns, Revd. G., 1886 [RC 19021
HOLDRING,
D., 1963 [PB]
H o w ~ s , Prof. G. B., 1897 [AR];
Surg.-Gen., C.B., 1880
HOLLOWAY,
1898 [R~'I*]
[EO; CCr]
HOWITT,C. R., 1936 [AR 19371
HOLME,F. (Corpus Christi College), HOYLE,W. E., [RC 19161
[AM; BC card]
HVBRECHT,
Prof., 1896 [PB]
HOLMES,Dr. W., 1949 [RC]
HWCEL,Aron, 1877 @C 18991
HON. EAST INDIACOMPANY,1831 HUCHES,Revd. Edw. (Jesus College),
[AM; BDI; BC]; [AMAI]
[AW
HOPE, Revd. Frederick William, 1849 HUG HE^, J., 1865 [CCCJ
(Collections presented to the Uni- HULL, James, '954 [PBli 1957 CPBI
versity); 1850 [DB]; 1851 [DB];
HULSE,G., 1885 [AR]
1856 [AMAr; BC]; 1858 [AMAI];
HUME-ROTHERY,
J. H., 1919 [PB]
1859 [AMAI; BC]; 1860 [AMAI];
HUME-ROTHERY,
Mrs., 1957 [PB]
[MsLz]; [OC]
HUMPHRYS,
Capt., 1932 [MDI]
1849 (presented HUNT,A. R., 18783 [MA]
HOPE COLLECTION(S),
to the University); 1856 [AMAz];
Dr. James, 1860 [CO]
1860 [AMAr; AMAz]; 1869
E., '969 [PBI
'874 MA15 q 7 5 M A ; OCI; H m R, Miss G., 1965 [AR 19661
'894 [RC]; 1896 -[PB]; [PSI; P C ] HURRELL,
Miss Elaine, 1968 [PB]
(Includes transfek of material to the HUSSEY,E. L., 1884 [AR]
Zoological Department of the Univer- HUSSEY, Mr., 1852 [DB]; 1853
sity Museum)
DBI

m]

m];

JACKSON,
J. W., 1927 [PB]
JACKSON,
W., 1961 [PB]
JACKSON,W. Hatchett, 1890 [AR]
(W. H. Jackson [RC 19561 is not the
same donor as W. Hatchett Jackson)
JACKSON,
W. H. (Keble College), [RC
1956 = specimen Ref. no. 8765, a
terrapin found in Keble College
Quad. in I ~ O S ]
JACKSON,
Dr., 1851 [DB]; 1852 [DB];
'853 [DBI
JACKSON,
Capt., 1880--I WA]; 1881
[OCI
TACOBSON, Revd. Dr., 1850 P B ;
DMI
JAKOBSON,
M. E., 1964 [RC]
JAMAICA,
The Lord Bishop of, 1827
ILCHESTER,
the Earl of, 1848 [DM]
[AM]
I M THURM,
Sir Everard F., 1869-74
[EO, where entry appears between JAMES,Mrs., 1956 [PB]
these dates]; 1874 [OC]; 18801 JARMAN,Peter J., 1962 (1) [Unrecorded] see OXFORDUNIVERSITY
[RC 18941; 1884 [AR; OC];
EXPEDITIONS:to Kiunga Archi1885-6 W A ] ; 1889 W A ] ; 19x0
pelago, Kenya, 1961; 1963 (1)
[ARI
IMPERIAL
BUREAUOF ENTOMOLOGY, [Unrecorded] sec OXFORDUNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS:
to Cameroons,
LONDON,
1916 [AR]
1962
IMPERIAL
FORESTRY
INSTITUTE,OXJEPPERY,Mrs. E., 1889 [AR]
FORD, 1968 [PB]
Gorge, 1875 W A ]
IMPEY,Oliver R., 1960 [PB]; 1965 JEPFREYS,
JELLY, Miss E. C., 1888 [AR]
RC1
INDIAN INSTITUTE, OXFORD, 1897 JENKINS, Edward J., 1880 [m;CCr]
JENKINS,
J. W., 1913 [PB]
[RC]; 1898 [RC 3.94933 '933 [PBI
Mrs. Henry, 1850 [DB]
INDIAN
INSTITUTE,OXFORD,Museum JENKINSON,
JENKINSON,
John W., Executrix of,
of Oriental Art, 1961 [PB]
'9'5 [PBI
INDIANMUSEUM,CALCUTTA,1891
Mrs. J. W., 1916 [PB]
[ARI; 1893 [ARI; 1894 [ARI; JENKINSON,
Jemmcs, Mr., 1961 [RC]
1895 [PB]; 1896 [AR]
JERMYN,Revd. Edmund, 1877 [RC
INGE,Revd. W., 1889 [AR]
18941; 1890 [ARI; 1915 [ARI
INTERNATIONAL
FISHERIES
EXHIBIJERMYN,
L. A. S., 1934 [PB]
TION, 1883 [AR]; 1884 [AR]
JERVIS,Lady (Bath), 1836 [AM]
INWOOD,
R., 1968 [PB]
JEUNE,E. B., 1880 W; C O ]
IRBY,Maj. Howard, 1872 [MA; OC];
JOHNSON,
H. (Christ Church), [AM]
1881-2 (MA]; 1882 [OC]
T., 1890 [AR; PB;
IRVINE, Revd. A. (Charter House JOHNSON,h.
OC; RC 19311 (OC & RC entries
Square, London), 1827 [AM]
give initial as L. erroneously; PB
IVES,Capt., [AM]; P C ]
gives initial T. a s does AR. All entries
refer to a Narwhal tusk, Ref. Cat.
JACKSON,
Miss E. C. H., 1925 [PB]
no. 6348)
JACKSON,
James, 1917 [AR]

HUTCHINSON,
Prof. G. Evelyn, 1958
CAR 19591
HUTCHINSON,
Revd. H. Neville, 1922
CAR1
HUTCHINSON,Thomas J. (British
Consul, Callao), I 872 [CCr];
(through H. G. Pym), 1875 [MA]
HUTCHISON,
Col., 1937 [AR]
HUTTON,Prof. J. H., 1957 [PB]
J. S., I925 [AR]
HUXLEY,
HUXLEY,Mr. T., 1951 [RC]
HUXLEY.Prof.. F.R.S., [CCr]; [RC
18991
HUYSHE,
J. (Brasenose College), [AM];

APPENDIX I11

INDEX OF DONORS

HILL, W. C. Osman, 1950 [PB]; 1951 HOPEDEPARTMENT

OF ENTOMOLOGY,
[PBI; '952 [PBI
OXFORD,1915 [AR]; 1936 [PB];
HILTON,Mrs. JOG 1960 [PB]
1937 [AR]; 1962 [AR]; 1968
HIND,T. N., [RC 18961
[PB]; 1975 [PB] (Includes transHIND,Miss, [AM]
fers of material to the Department of
HINDLE,Prof. E., 1920 [AR]
Zoology & Comparative Anatomy
HINE,WILLIAM,
1896 [AR]; 1903 [RC]
and to The Zoological Collections.)
HIPPESLEY,Henry, 1850 [CCr]; 1864
Sec also CARPENTER,
Prof. G. D.
[CCrl; 1871 [MA]; [OC]
Hale and POULTON,
Prof. E. B.
HISLOP,J., 1961 [PB]; 1962 [RC]
HOPKINS,Revd. T. (Magdalen ColHITCHINGS,
George, 1846 [DM]
lege), 1873 [MA; OCI
HITCHINGS,
G. (St. Aldate's), [AM]
HORN,Dr., 1888 [AR]
HITCHINGS,Mr., 1850 [DB]; 1851 HORNELL,
J., 1897 [RC 19151
CDBI; 1853 CDBI; 1854 [DBI; HORNER,Revd. J. S. H. (Exeter
1855 [DB]; 186j [RC 18991; 1877
College), 1836 [AM; B q
[RC]; 1883 [RC 18991
HORTIN,Mrs., 1878 [OC] (Probably a
poorly written reference to Horton,
Mr.)
~oARE,-~eter,
1850 [DM]
HORTON,Mr.., 1878
HOBBS,Mrs. Leslie, 1957 [PB]
HORTON,Mrs., W D I ]
HOCART,
A. M., 1912 CAR]
HOSE, Charles, 1896 CAR]
HODGKINS,
R. D., 1966 [PB]
HOTTOT,R., I932 [PB]
HOGG,Revd. T., 1850 [DM]
Revd. W., 1887 [RD]
HOUGHTON,
HOGG,Mr., 1850 [DB] (= Revd. T. HOWARD,
H. J., 1934 [PB]
Hogg; the same donation)
HOWELL,Mr. Hinds, [AM]
HOLDEN,
R. A., 1965 [PB]
Horns, Revd. G., 1886 [RC 19021
HOLDRING,
D., 1963 [PB]
H o w ~ s , Prof. G. B., 1897 [AR];
Surg.-Gen., C.B., 1880
HOLLOWAY,
1898 [R~'I*]
[EO; CCr]
HOWITT,C. R., 1936 [AR 19371
HOLME,F. (Corpus Christi College), HOYLE,W. E., [RC 19161
[AM; BC card]
HVBRECHT,
Prof., 1896 [PB]
HOLMES,Dr. W., 1949 [RC]
HWCEL,Aron, 1877 @C 18991
HON. EAST INDIACOMPANY,1831 HUCHES,Revd. Edw. (Jesus College),
[AM; BDI; BC]; [AMAI]
[AW
HOPE, Revd. Frederick William, 1849 HUG HE^, J., 1865 [CCCJ
(Collections presented to the Uni- HULL, James, '954 [PBli 1957 CPBI
versity); 1850 [DB]; 1851 [DB];
HULSE,G., 1885 [AR]
1856 [AMAr; BC]; 1858 [AMAI];
HUME-ROTHERY,
J. H., 1919 [PB]
1859 [AMAI; BC]; 1860 [AMAI];
HUME-ROTHERY,
Mrs., 1957 [PB]
[MsLz]; [OC]
HUMPHRYS,
Capt., 1932 [MDI]
1849 (presented HUNT,A. R., 18783 [MA]
HOPE COLLECTION(S),
to the University); 1856 [AMAz];
Dr. James, 1860 [CO]
1860 [AMAr; AMAz]; 1869
E., '969 [PBI
'874 MA15 q 7 5 M A ; OCI; H m R, Miss G., 1965 [AR 19661
'894 [RC]; 1896 -[PB]; [PSI; P C ] HURRELL,
Miss Elaine, 1968 [PB]
(Includes transfek of material to the HUSSEY,E. L., 1884 [AR]
Zoological Department of the Univer- HUSSEY, Mr., 1852 [DB]; 1853
sity Museum)
DBI

m]

m];

JACKSON,
J. W., 1927 [PB]
JACKSON,
W., 1961 [PB]
JACKSON,W. Hatchett, 1890 [AR]
(W. H. Jackson [RC 19561 is not the
same donor as W. Hatchett Jackson)
JACKSON,
W. H. (Keble College), [RC
1956 = specimen Ref. no. 8765, a
terrapin found in Keble College
Quad. in I ~ O S ]
JACKSON,
Dr., 1851 [DB]; 1852 [DB];
'853 [DBI
JACKSON,
Capt., 1880--I WA]; 1881
[OCI
TACOBSON, Revd. Dr., 1850 P B ;
DMI
JAKOBSON,
M. E., 1964 [RC]
JAMAICA,
The Lord Bishop of, 1827
ILCHESTER,
the Earl of, 1848 [DM]
[AM]
I M THURM,
Sir Everard F., 1869-74
[EO, where entry appears between JAMES,Mrs., 1956 [PB]
these dates]; 1874 [OC]; 18801 JARMAN,Peter J., 1962 (1) [Unrecorded] see OXFORDUNIVERSITY
[RC 18941; 1884 [AR; OC];
EXPEDITIONS:to Kiunga Archi1885-6 W A ] ; 1889 W A ] ; 19x0
pelago, Kenya, 1961; 1963 (1)
[ARI
IMPERIAL
BUREAUOF ENTOMOLOGY, [Unrecorded] sec OXFORDUNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS:
to Cameroons,
LONDON,
1916 [AR]
1962
IMPERIAL
FORESTRY
INSTITUTE,OXJEPPERY,Mrs. E., 1889 [AR]
FORD, 1968 [PB]
Gorge, 1875 W A ]
IMPEY,Oliver R., 1960 [PB]; 1965 JEPFREYS,
JELLY, Miss E. C., 1888 [AR]
RC1
INDIAN INSTITUTE, OXFORD, 1897 JENKINS, Edward J., 1880 [m;CCr]
JENKINS,
J. W., 1913 [PB]
[RC]; 1898 [RC 3.94933 '933 [PBI
Mrs. Henry, 1850 [DB]
INDIAN
INSTITUTE,OXFORD,Museum JENKINSON,
JENKINSON,
John W., Executrix of,
of Oriental Art, 1961 [PB]
'9'5 [PBI
INDIANMUSEUM,CALCUTTA,1891
Mrs. J. W., 1916 [PB]
[ARI; 1893 [ARI; 1894 [ARI; JENKINSON,
Jemmcs, Mr., 1961 [RC]
1895 [PB]; 1896 [AR]
JERMYN,Revd. Edmund, 1877 [RC
INGE,Revd. W., 1889 [AR]
18941; 1890 [ARI; 1915 [ARI
INTERNATIONAL
FISHERIES
EXHIBIJERMYN,
L. A. S., 1934 [PB]
TION, 1883 [AR]; 1884 [AR]
JERVIS,Lady (Bath), 1836 [AM]
INWOOD,
R., 1968 [PB]
JEUNE,E. B., 1880 W; C O ]
IRBY,Maj. Howard, 1872 [MA; OC];
JOHNSON,
H. (Christ Church), [AM]
1881-2 (MA]; 1882 [OC]
T., 1890 [AR; PB;
IRVINE, Revd. A. (Charter House JOHNSON,h.
OC; RC 19311 (OC & RC entries
Square, London), 1827 [AM]
give initial as L. erroneously; PB
IVES,Capt., [AM]; P C ]
gives initial T. a s does AR. All entries
refer to a Narwhal tusk, Ref. Cat.
JACKSON,
Miss E. C. H., 1925 [PB]
no. 6348)
JACKSON,
James, 1917 [AR]

HUTCHINSON,
Prof. G. Evelyn, 1958
CAR 19591
HUTCHINSON,
Revd. H. Neville, 1922
CAR1
HUTCHINSON,Thomas J. (British
Consul, Callao), I 872 [CCr];
(through H. G. Pym), 1875 [MA]
HUTCHISON,
Col., 1937 [AR]
HUTTON,Prof. J. H., 1957 [PB]
J. S., I925 [AR]
HUXLEY,
HUXLEY,Mr. T., 1951 [RC]
HUXLEY.Prof.. F.R.S., [CCr]; [RC
18991
HUYSHE,
J. (Brasenose College), [AM];

A P P E N D I X 111

JONES,A. J., [cc~]

E. L., 1962 [PB]; 1963
CPBl
JONES,-Miss E. P. (Maxwell, Hurrion
[sir = Huron], Upper Canada), 1837
[AMAr; RC 1927; BC]
JONES, Mrs., [AM]
JouRDAlN, Revd. F. C. R., 1926 [AR]
JOWITT, J. F., 1869 [MA; OC]; 1870
W A ; OCI; 1875 CMA; OCI

JONES,
Dr.

KIRKALDY,Miss, 1890 [AR]; 1903

CAR]; 19x0 [AR]
KIRTLAND,
W., 1850 [AMAI; AMA2;
RC 1927, 1931; BC] (=W. K. of
Ash. Mus. Cat.)
KNOX, A. E. (Brasenose College),
[AM]; [BC1
KNOX,Capt. H. V., 1933 [AR]; 1933
P C , in which name appears in error
as Capt. V. H. Knox); 1938 [PB]
KOMAI,Prof. Taku, 1925 [RC]; 1926
CAR1
KOWALEVSKY,
Prof., [RC 1899)
KYNASTON,Revd. J. R. (Christ
Church), [AM]

KAYE,Dr. C. H., 1957 [PB]

KEEBLE,Sir Frederick, 1927 [AR];
'931 [RC1
KEEN,Roger, 1955 [PB]
KELHAM,
Gen. H. R., C.B., 1928 rARl
KELLATT,Capt., R.N., I ~ ~ O . [ A M A I ~LABUAN,
Bishop of, 1868 [OC]
AMAz]
LACK, Dr. David, 1951 [PB]; 1953
KELLATT,Capt., R.N. (with Lieut.
[RC]; 1958 [PB]; 1961 [RC]; 1965
J. Wood), 1850 [AMAI; BDI; BC]
[RC1
E., [RC 19141
KELSALL,
LACK, Peter, 1974 [PB]
KELSALL,
John Edward, 1884 [AR];
LAFUAN,
F. F., 1868 [CCr] (Transcrip1885 [AR]; 1886 [PB]
tion from original slip index to the
KEMP,Dr. S., 1935 [AR 19361
Cat. Crania is correct, but original
KENDAL,
Maj., [BC]
is probably an error for 'Labuan':
Mrs. R. (Charmouth,
KENNAWAY,
see LABUAN,
Bishop of)
Dorset), 1833 [AM; BDI; BC]
LALLY,Dr: P C ]
KERR,J. Graham, 1898 [AR]
LAMBORN,
DT.' W. A., 1924 [AR]
KERSHAW,
J. C., I909 [AR]
LAMPREY,
Dr. Hugh F., 1959 [PB]
KETTLEWELL,Dr. H. B. D., 1956 LANDON,Mrs. (Worcester College),
EPBI
CAW
KIDD, Dr. John, [AM]; [AMAI];
L&E, Lieut.-col., 1920 [AR]
r- c c r -l
LANEY,
A., 1880 M]
KIKKAWA,
Jiro, 1956 [AR 1957)
h G , A., 1878 ICCrE.
KING,Jew (Appleford, Berks.), [AM; LANGDALE-SMITH,
Rivd. A, L., [RC
BC1
19391; I939 P C 1
KING, Revd. Joseph, 1873 [MA; LANKESTER,
C. H., 1955 P C ] (SpeciOC]; 1877 [CCr]; 1878 M]
mens left in Hope Dept. c. 1940 by
KING,Miss J. B., 1939 [PB]
owner and forgotten by him, later
KING, Michael J. B., 1956 [PB];
transferred to Zool. Colls. by per'957 IPBI; 1958 CPBI; '959 CPBI;
ion of donor)
1960 [PB]
R, Prof. E. Ray, 1871 M];
KING,Capt., 1832 [ A m
'8 3 M; OCI; 1874 Cm];
KING,Mr. (Oxford2, [AMI
1875 [MA]; 1878 [RC 19163; 1890
KING, Esq., 18f9 [RC 18951
[RC 1910] (with H. B. Brady);
KIRK,Mrs. Hilda, 1933 [PB]
1891 [AR]; 1892 [RC]; 1893 [AR];
KIRK,H. J., 1956 [RC]
1895 [PB]; 1896 [AR]; 1898 [AR];

4fjip&

I N D E X OF DONORS

1899 [AR]; 1900 [AR]; 1909 LIDDELL,Dr. Henry George (Dean of

Christ Church), 1868 [CCr]
CAR] (I 1910 [PB]); [OC]
LASCELLES,
Hon. Edwin (All Souls LILEY,Dr. N. R., 1967 [AR 1968);
College), 1840 [AMAr]
1968 [PB]
LATHBURY,
Mrs. M., 1926 [PB]
LILFORD, Right Hon. Lord, 1886
LATTER,
0. H., 1907 [RC]
[AR; OC]; 1887
1888 [AR];
1892 CAR]
LAms, E., 1880 [EO]
LISTER,Arthur, 1896 [AR]
LAWES,Revd. F., 1880 W; CCr]
LITTLEMORE
SEWAGE
FARM,OXFORD,
LAWS, Revd. W. G., 1876 @A; OC];
1876-7 [BC] (as Revd. W. G. Lawes
1879
FREEMUSEUM,1883 CAR]
Coh.); 1877 [RC 18941 (as from LWERPOOL
UNIVERSITY,
1958 [PB]
Revd. W. Lawes); 1879 [RC 1895, L~VERPOOL
18971 (as from Revd. W. Lawes); LIVERSIDGE,Prof. A., 1876 @A;
1880 [EO]
OC]; 1887 [AR]
Very Revd. the Dean of,
LAms, Mr., ~ 8 7 9[RC 18991(Probably LLANDAFF,
1848
P
M
]
G.
Lawes)
referable to Revd, W.
LLOYD,Revd. J. C., 1881 [CO]
LAWS,Mr., 1880 [EO]
LEADBEATER,
M.r. (London), [ A m ; LLOYD,R. E., 1904 CAR]
M. A., c. ~ g o o[AR, notes by
1835 [RC 1899 = Ash. Mus. speci- LOCARD,
Prof.
W.
F. R. Weldon; MD11
men1
LOCK, Sir Joseph (High St.), 1836
LECHMERE,
J. (Steeple Aston), [AM);
[AM; RC 19561
1838 [AMAI]; 1839 [AMAz; BC];
184.0 ~ A M A I ;AMAz; BC]; 1849 LOCK,Prof. J. N. Gowan, [RC 1gz51;
1926 [PB]
[BC];- 1863 [ B D ~ ; 1868- pc];
LOCKIE,J. D., 1951 [PB]; 1952 [PBI
[=L21
LOCKWOOD,
E., 1877 [OC; RC 19151;
LEE,Miss Frances, 1966 [PB]
1878 Wl;pc1
LEE,J. E., 1879 [OC]; 1879 [RC 1916,
Ed., P C ]
whcre entemd erroneously as L. E. LOCKWOOD,
LOCKWOOD,Revd. J. W. (Christ
Lee]; 1880 W]
Church), 1837 [AMAr; A m z ;
LEE, Revd. L. (New College), [AM]
BDI; B q ; 1847 [AMAI]; [RC
LEE, Revd. W. (New College), [AM]
19271 (References 1837 LAMA I;
LEEDS,E. J., 1912 (I) [BC]
AMAz], 1847 [ A ~ I ] [RC
,
19271,
LE GROSCLARK,Prof. Sir Wilfred E.,
and
some
P
C
]
entries,
are
noted
1935 CAR]; 1962 CAR 19631
as Revd. J. Lockwood; these appear
LE MARE,D. W., [RC 1968)
to be referable to Revd. J. W. LockLEOPOLD 1st (King of Belgium),
wood as shown)
1864[RC 1 ~ 2 8 3 LODGE,Mrs. M. L., 1925 [AR]
LEPSIUS,Prof., 1884 [RC 19641
LONDON,
Bishop of, 1869 (MA]
LEPWCK,Brian C., 1950 [PB]
G. B., 1905 [AR]; 1906
LONGSTAFF,
LEWIS,D. J., 1939 [PB]
CAR]; 1907 [ARI; 1908 CAR1
LEWIS,Dr. Geoftky, 1960 [RC]; 1962
LONGSTAFF,
Mrs. G. B., 1908 [AR];
[RC]; 1964 CPB1
1910 CAR]; 1913 [AR]; 1916 CPB]
LEWIS,G. W., 1885 [AR]; 1887 [AR];
LONCSTAFF,T. G., 1910 CAR];
1889 [AR]
LEWIS, R. G. (Wadham College),
[CCrI
LONGSTAFFE,
Mrs. M. M., 1929 CAR]
CAM]
LORD,J., 1958 [PB]
LEWIS,Stanley, 1945 ( I) [BC]
LORENA,
Mrs. M. E., 1922 [AR]
LICHTENSTEIN,
Dr., 1886 CAR]

m];

m]

A P P E N D I X 111

JONES,A. J., [cc~]

E. L., 1962 [PB]; 1963
CPBl
JONES,-Miss E. P. (Maxwell, Hurrion
[sir = Huron], Upper Canada), 1837
[AMAr; RC 1927; BC]
JONES, Mrs., [AM]
JouRDAlN, Revd. F. C. R., 1926 [AR]
JOWITT, J. F., 1869 [MA; OC]; 1870
W A ; OCI; 1875 CMA; OCI

JONES,
Dr.

KIRKALDY,Miss, 1890 [AR]; 1903

CAR]; 19x0 [AR]
KIRTLAND,
W., 1850 [AMAI; AMA2;
RC 1927, 1931; BC] (=W. K. of
Ash. Mus. Cat.)
KNOX, A. E. (Brasenose College),
[AM]; [BC1
KNOX,Capt. H. V., 1933 [AR]; 1933
P C , in which name appears in error
as Capt. V. H. Knox); 1938 [PB]
KOMAI,Prof. Taku, 1925 [RC]; 1926
CAR1
KOWALEVSKY,
Prof., [RC 1899)
KYNASTON,Revd. J. R. (Christ
Church), [AM]

KAYE,Dr. C. H., 1957 [PB]

KEEBLE,Sir Frederick, 1927 [AR];
'931 [RC1
KEEN,Roger, 1955 [PB]
KELHAM,
Gen. H. R., C.B., 1928 rARl
KELLATT,Capt., R.N., I ~ ~ O . [ A M A I ~LABUAN,
Bishop of, 1868 [OC]
AMAz]
LACK, Dr. David, 1951 [PB]; 1953
KELLATT,Capt., R.N. (with Lieut.
[RC]; 1958 [PB]; 1961 [RC]; 1965
J. Wood), 1850 [AMAI; BDI; BC]
[RC1
E., [RC 19141
KELSALL,
LACK, Peter, 1974 [PB]
KELSALL,
John Edward, 1884 [AR];
LAFUAN,
F. F., 1868 [CCr] (Transcrip1885 [AR]; 1886 [PB]
tion from original slip index to the
KEMP,Dr. S., 1935 [AR 19361
Cat. Crania is correct, but original
KENDAL,
Maj., [BC]
is probably an error for 'Labuan':
Mrs. R. (Charmouth,
KENNAWAY,
see LABUAN,
Bishop of)
Dorset), 1833 [AM; BDI; BC]
LALLY,Dr: P C ]
KERR,J. Graham, 1898 [AR]
LAMBORN,
DT.' W. A., 1924 [AR]
KERSHAW,
J. C., I909 [AR]
LAMPREY,
Dr. Hugh F., 1959 [PB]
KETTLEWELL,Dr. H. B. D., 1956 LANDON,Mrs. (Worcester College),
EPBI
CAW
KIDD, Dr. John, [AM]; [AMAI];
L&E, Lieut.-col., 1920 [AR]
r- c c r -l
LANEY,
A., 1880 M]
KIKKAWA,
Jiro, 1956 [AR 1957)
h G , A., 1878 ICCrE.
KING,Jew (Appleford, Berks.), [AM; LANGDALE-SMITH,
Rivd. A, L., [RC
BC1
19391; I939 P C 1
KING, Revd. Joseph, 1873 [MA; LANKESTER,
C. H., 1955 P C ] (SpeciOC]; 1877 [CCr]; 1878 M]
mens left in Hope Dept. c. 1940 by
KING,Miss J. B., 1939 [PB]
owner and forgotten by him, later
KING, Michael J. B., 1956 [PB];
transferred to Zool. Colls. by per'957 IPBI; 1958 CPBI; '959 CPBI;
ion of donor)
1960 [PB]
R, Prof. E. Ray, 1871 M];
KING,Capt., 1832 [ A m
'8 3 M; OCI; 1874 Cm];
KING,Mr. (Oxford2, [AMI
1875 [MA]; 1878 [RC 19163; 1890
KING, Esq., 18f9 [RC 18951
[RC 1910] (with H. B. Brady);
KIRK,Mrs. Hilda, 1933 [PB]
1891 [AR]; 1892 [RC]; 1893 [AR];
KIRK,H. J., 1956 [RC]
1895 [PB]; 1896 [AR]; 1898 [AR];

4fjip&

I N D E X OF DONORS

1899 [AR]; 1900 [AR]; 1909 LIDDELL,Dr. Henry George (Dean of

Christ Church), 1868 [CCr]
CAR] (I 1910 [PB]); [OC]
LASCELLES,
Hon. Edwin (All Souls LILEY,Dr. N. R., 1967 [AR 1968);
College), 1840 [AMAr]
1968 [PB]
LATHBURY,
Mrs. M., 1926 [PB]
LILFORD, Right Hon. Lord, 1886
LATTER,
0. H., 1907 [RC]
[AR; OC]; 1887
1888 [AR];
1892 CAR]
LAms, E., 1880 [EO]
LISTER,Arthur, 1896 [AR]
LAWES,Revd. F., 1880 W; CCr]
LITTLEMORE
SEWAGE
FARM,OXFORD,
LAWS, Revd. W. G., 1876 @A; OC];
1876-7 [BC] (as Revd. W. G. Lawes
1879
FREEMUSEUM,1883 CAR]
Coh.); 1877 [RC 18941 (as from LWERPOOL
UNIVERSITY,
1958 [PB]
Revd. W. Lawes); 1879 [RC 1895, L~VERPOOL
18971 (as from Revd. W. Lawes); LIVERSIDGE,Prof. A., 1876 @A;
1880 [EO]
OC]; 1887 [AR]
Very Revd. the Dean of,
LAms, Mr., ~ 8 7 9[RC 18991(Probably LLANDAFF,
1848
P
M
]
G.
Lawes)
referable to Revd, W.
LLOYD,Revd. J. C., 1881 [CO]
LAWS,Mr., 1880 [EO]
LEADBEATER,
M.r. (London), [ A m ; LLOYD,R. E., 1904 CAR]
M. A., c. ~ g o o[AR, notes by
1835 [RC 1899 = Ash. Mus. speci- LOCARD,
Prof.
W.
F. R. Weldon; MD11
men1
LOCK, Sir Joseph (High St.), 1836
LECHMERE,
J. (Steeple Aston), [AM);
[AM; RC 19561
1838 [AMAI]; 1839 [AMAz; BC];
184.0 ~ A M A I ;AMAz; BC]; 1849 LOCK,Prof. J. N. Gowan, [RC 1gz51;
1926 [PB]
[BC];- 1863 [ B D ~ ; 1868- pc];
LOCKIE,J. D., 1951 [PB]; 1952 [PBI
[=L21
LOCKWOOD,
E., 1877 [OC; RC 19151;
LEE,Miss Frances, 1966 [PB]
1878 Wl;pc1
LEE,J. E., 1879 [OC]; 1879 [RC 1916,
Ed., P C ]
whcre entemd erroneously as L. E. LOCKWOOD,
LOCKWOOD,Revd. J. W. (Christ
Lee]; 1880 W]
Church), 1837 [AMAr; A m z ;
LEE, Revd. L. (New College), [AM]
BDI; B q ; 1847 [AMAI]; [RC
LEE, Revd. W. (New College), [AM]
19271 (References 1837 LAMA I;
LEEDS,E. J., 1912 (I) [BC]
AMAz], 1847 [ A ~ I ] [RC
,
19271,
LE GROSCLARK,Prof. Sir Wilfred E.,
and
some
P
C
]
entries,
are
noted
1935 CAR]; 1962 CAR 19631
as Revd. J. Lockwood; these appear
LE MARE,D. W., [RC 1968)
to be referable to Revd. J. W. LockLEOPOLD 1st (King of Belgium),
wood as shown)
1864[RC 1 ~ 2 8 3 LODGE,Mrs. M. L., 1925 [AR]
LEPSIUS,Prof., 1884 [RC 19641
LONDON,
Bishop of, 1869 (MA]
LEPWCK,Brian C., 1950 [PB]
G. B., 1905 [AR]; 1906
LONGSTAFF,
LEWIS,D. J., 1939 [PB]
CAR]; 1907 [ARI; 1908 CAR1
LEWIS,Dr. Geoftky, 1960 [RC]; 1962
LONGSTAFF,
Mrs. G. B., 1908 [AR];
[RC]; 1964 CPB1
1910 CAR]; 1913 [AR]; 1916 CPB]
LEWIS,G. W., 1885 [AR]; 1887 [AR];
LONCSTAFF,T. G., 1910 CAR];
1889 [AR]
LEWIS, R. G. (Wadham College),
[CCrI
LONGSTAFFE,
Mrs. M. M., 1929 CAR]
CAM]
LORD,J., 1958 [PB]
LEWIS,Stanley, 1945 ( I) [BC]
LORENA,
Mrs. M. E., 1922 [AR]
LICHTENSTEIN,
Dr., 1886 CAR]

m];

m]

INDEX OF DONORS

A P P E N D I X 111

LOVELL,Miss, 1880-1 [MA]; 1881

COCl
LOW, R. C. S., 1940 [PB]
LOWE,P. W. S., 1952 [PB]; 1953
[PB]; I955 [PBl; 1956 [PB]
LUCKETT,
-, 1855 [DB]
LUCKHAM,
E. H. C., 1933 [PB]
LYNES,
Miss B. S., 1945 [PB]
LYNES,
Rear-Adm. Hubert, 1939 [PB];
COLLECTION,
1944 [AR]; 1945

MACPHERSON,
H. A. (Oriel College),
[BC card1
MCRAITH, hr., 1864 [CC~I
MADAN,
A. C., 1913 CAR; PB; BC]
(BC entries give initials as A. E. in
error; initials A. C. clearly entered
in [PB] and on specimen kbels)
MADRAS
GOVERNMENT
MUSEUM,
1900
IARI; 1904 CAR]
MAGYAR
BIOLOGIAIKUTATOINTE---LYBl
ZET, HUNGARY,
1928 [AR]
LYON,Capt., R.N., [AM]; 1825 [OC] M A ~J., A., 1954 [PB]
LYSAGHT,
W. R., 1948 [PB]
MAITLAND,
Mrs. C. A. H., 1924 [AR]
LYSTER,
Michael, 1956 [RC]
MALTBY,R., 1954 [ R q
LYTE, H. C. Maxwell, 1878 M A ; MANUEL,R. L., 1961 [PB]; 1962
CCr]
IpBl; 1963 [PBI; 1964 [RC];
1966 [PB]; 1967 [RC]; 1968 [PB];
1969 [RC]; I974 [PBl
MACANDREW,
R., [MDI]
MARCH,
J. J., 1946 ( 1 ) [BC]
MCBAIN,Dr., R.N., 1847 [DM]
MARKBY,W., 1880-1 [MA]; 1880
MACBRIDE,
Miss, [AM; BC]
[OCI
MCCABE,
G., 1967 [PB]
MARLBOROUGH,
His Grace the Duke
MCCALLUM,
Mrs., 1941 [AR]
of, 1840 (MsLz]; 1841 (MsLz];
MCCARRISON,
Maj.-Gen. Sir Robert,
1845 [AMAr]; ( ? 1850) [AMAI];
1935 [AR 19361
1859 [BC]; 1864 [MsLs]; 1867
MCDOWELL,Dr. C. W., 1878-9
[RC 1936; BC]; 1872 [MA];
[MA1
1873 CMA; OCI; 1877 CMA; MsL3;
MACDUFF,
Lord, 1880-1 [MA]; 1881
OC]; 1886[AR]; 1910 [AR]
COCI
MARLOW,
Mrs., 1888 [RD]
MCFISHER,J. M., 1933 [BC]
MARSDEN,
H. W., 1890 [RD]
MCGILL UNNERSITY,MONTREAL, MARSH,Revd. E. G., 1828 [CCr]
[C&] (by C. Dunk); [RC I ~ Z S ]
MARSH,Prof. 0. C., 1896 [AR]
MCINTOSH,
-, 1907 [RC]
MARSH,
Mrs., 1939 [AR]
MACKAY,
R. W. (Brasenose College), MARSH,Mrs., 1965 [RC]
1828 [AM]
MARSHALL,
V., 1873 [OCl.
MCKELLAR,
John, 1874 [MA; OC]
MARSHAM,
Charles J. Bullock, 1864
MCKERROW,
Dr. W. S., 1963 [RC]
rccrl
MACKIE,
George, 1955 [PB]
M ~ R T I N , Revd. C. E., 1940 [PB]
MCKINNEY,
D. F., 1947 [PB]
MARTIN,
G. N., 1872 [CCr]
MCLACHLAN,
R., 1886 [AR]
MARTIN,
James, 1868 [C&]
MACLEAN,
Gordon, 1966 [PB]; 1968 MARTIN,Robert, 1967 [RC]
CPBl
MARTI W., 1848 [ D w
MCLEAN, I., 1960 [PBI
MAR+
,1812 [DB]
MACLEAY,
William, 1386 [AR]
MAsUL*.
F. G., 1931 [AR]
MCMASTER,Bryce,
[PB]; 1945 MASKELYNE,
Prof., 1874 [RC 18991
[PBI
MASON,
h r g e E., 1914 [AR]
M c M o n m , Robert, 1918 [AR]
MASON,J. Wood, 1872 M A ; OCIi
MACMUNN,
C., 1893 [AR; CCr]
1873 [MA]; 1874 [MsL31; 1875

!
1

MA]; 1876 W;OC]; 1877 [MA;

OC]; 1878 [OCI; 187851 M];
1879 WsLj]; 1881 W A ; OC]; 1883
[RC 18941; 1889 W; OC]
MASTERS,
Capt. (Bath). [AM]
MATHEW,Revd. M. A., 1858 [RC
1927; BC1
MATHEWS,
M. A. (Merton College),
1857 [AMAI]; 1858 [AMAr;MsLz]
MATTHEWS,
Revd. A., 1886 [AR]
MAW,George, 1884 [AR]
MAY,J. H., 1876 [MA; CCr]
MAYO,Dr. (New College), 1878 W A ;
CCr]
MEADS,
D., 1937 [AR]
MEADS,
H. D., 1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB]
MEADS,
Mr., 1960 [PB]
MEIKLEJOHN,
Dr. John W. S., 1866
[CCrl
MEINE~TZHAGEN, D., 1897 [AR]
MELVILLE,Dr., 1847
.. -[DMl- ('from
.
Mr. ~ o l l d ' )
MENDELSSOHN,
James M., 1968 [PB]
MERCER,
Dr., [CCr]
MERCY,M b , 1906 [RC]
METCALPE,
Miss, 1937 [PB]
METHUEN,H. H. (Exeter College),
1846 [AMAI; AMAz]; 1848
[AMAI; AMAz]; COLLECTION,
1848 [RC 19561
METHUEN,
Hon. Paul A., 191I [AR];
1912 [RC; BDI]; 19x3 [AR]; 1914
IPBI
MEYER,Prof. A. B., 1880 [RC 1899,
19681
MEYER,Dr., 1876
MICHEL,Sir W., P C ]
MICHELL,M. Rowland, 1871 [RC
18941 (Refers to specimens of Chameleons)
MICHELL,Rowland L. N., 1871 [CCr]
MICHELL,Sir Thomas, PDI]; PC];
[BC card] (Entries include t h m
mferring to Sir T. MicheU; the BC
card gives the name erroneously as
Sir T. Michels)
MICHELL,W. (Secmtary, Zoologicd
Gardens, London), 1848 [ D w

m]

MIDDLETON,
A. D.v 1930 [AR]; 1931
CAR]; 1933 [PBI; 1934 [PBI;
1935 lPBl
MIERS,J. G., 1934 [PB]
MIERS,J. W., 1880 [RC I ~ I S ]
MILLER,Mrs., 1848 [DM; RC 18941
MILLMAN,
Lieut.-Col. 0. R. E., 1927
CPBI
MILLOT,Prof. N., [RC 19531
MILMAN,
Mis, 1879 [RC I ~ O Z ]
MILNE-EDWARDS,
Prof. A., 1895 [PB]
MILNE-EDWARDS,
Prof. M. (Sorbonne
& Jardin des Plantes), 1847 [DM];

[ocl

M m c ~ m ,Prof. E. A., 1889 [AR];

1892 [AR]; 1893 [AR]; 1894 [PB];
1895 [W;1896 [ R q ; 1897 [RC];
1898 [PB]; 1913 [RC]; 19x4 [AR]
MITCHINSON,Revd. Dr. J., 1918
CAR]
MITSVKURI,Pmf., 1892 [PB]; 1894
CAR1
MOAR, Ian, 1964 [PB]; 1965 [PB]
MONEY,
Wdter, 1878 [MA; OC]; 1880
COCI
MONTACV,
Lord, 1887 [PB]
MooaE, J., [CCr]
MOORE,J. E. S., 1897 [AR]; 1898
CAR1
MOORE,N. C., 1956 [PB]
MOORHOUSE,
D., 1952 [AR]; 1955
CPBI; 1958 CPBI
MOREAU,R. E., 1953 [PB]; 1954
CpBli 1957 CPBI; 1959 CPBI; 1966
[AR 19671; 1969 CAR 19701
MORENO,
Dr., 1899 [AR]
MORISON,
C. G. T., 1934 [AR]
MORWD,Miss (Abingdon), [ A m
MORLEY,
Miss A., 1939 [PB]
MORILAN,
R. M., 1918 [RC]
MOREELL,F. J., [OC]
MORRELL,G. H., 1877 [OC; PS];
1882 [RC 18981
MORRELL,
Herbert, 1877 [PS]
MORRELL,
JIIIICS, 1913 [AR]
MORRELL,
J. H., [RC 18981
MORRIS,Dr. Desmond, 1954 VB]
Mon~rs,Mrs. E. H., 1930 [PB]

INDEX OF DONORS

A P P E N D I X 111

LOVELL,Miss, 1880-1 [MA]; 1881

COCl
LOW, R. C. S., 1940 [PB]
LOWE,P. W. S., 1952 [PB]; 1953
[PB]; I955 [PBl; 1956 [PB]
LUCKETT,
-, 1855 [DB]
LUCKHAM,
E. H. C., 1933 [PB]
LYNES,
Miss B. S., 1945 [PB]
LYNES,
Rear-Adm. Hubert, 1939 [PB];
COLLECTION,
1944 [AR]; 1945

MACPHERSON,
H. A. (Oriel College),
[BC card1
MCRAITH, hr., 1864 [CC~I
MADAN,
A. C., 1913 CAR; PB; BC]
(BC entries give initials as A. E. in
error; initials A. C. clearly entered
in [PB] and on specimen kbels)
MADRAS
GOVERNMENT
MUSEUM,
1900
IARI; 1904 CAR]
MAGYAR
BIOLOGIAIKUTATOINTE---LYBl
ZET, HUNGARY,
1928 [AR]
LYON,Capt., R.N., [AM]; 1825 [OC] M A ~J., A., 1954 [PB]
LYSAGHT,
W. R., 1948 [PB]
MAITLAND,
Mrs. C. A. H., 1924 [AR]
LYSTER,
Michael, 1956 [RC]
MALTBY,R., 1954 [ R q
LYTE, H. C. Maxwell, 1878 M A ; MANUEL,R. L., 1961 [PB]; 1962
CCr]
IpBl; 1963 [PBI; 1964 [RC];
1966 [PB]; 1967 [RC]; 1968 [PB];
1969 [RC]; I974 [PBl
MACANDREW,
R., [MDI]
MARCH,
J. J., 1946 ( 1 ) [BC]
MCBAIN,Dr., R.N., 1847 [DM]
MARKBY,W., 1880-1 [MA]; 1880
MACBRIDE,
Miss, [AM; BC]
[OCI
MCCABE,
G., 1967 [PB]
MARLBOROUGH,
His Grace the Duke
MCCALLUM,
Mrs., 1941 [AR]
of, 1840 (MsLz]; 1841 (MsLz];
MCCARRISON,
Maj.-Gen. Sir Robert,
1845 [AMAr]; ( ? 1850) [AMAI];
1935 [AR 19361
1859 [BC]; 1864 [MsLs]; 1867
MCDOWELL,Dr. C. W., 1878-9
[RC 1936; BC]; 1872 [MA];
[MA1
1873 CMA; OCI; 1877 CMA; MsL3;
MACDUFF,
Lord, 1880-1 [MA]; 1881
OC]; 1886[AR]; 1910 [AR]
COCI
MARLOW,
Mrs., 1888 [RD]
MCFISHER,J. M., 1933 [BC]
MARSDEN,
H. W., 1890 [RD]
MCGILL UNNERSITY,MONTREAL, MARSH,Revd. E. G., 1828 [CCr]
[C&] (by C. Dunk); [RC I ~ Z S ]
MARSH,Prof. 0. C., 1896 [AR]
MCINTOSH,
-, 1907 [RC]
MARSH,
Mrs., 1939 [AR]
MACKAY,
R. W. (Brasenose College), MARSH,Mrs., 1965 [RC]
1828 [AM]
MARSHALL,
V., 1873 [OCl.
MCKELLAR,
John, 1874 [MA; OC]
MARSHAM,
Charles J. Bullock, 1864
MCKERROW,
Dr. W. S., 1963 [RC]
rccrl
MACKIE,
George, 1955 [PB]
M ~ R T I N , Revd. C. E., 1940 [PB]
MCKINNEY,
D. F., 1947 [PB]
MARTIN,
G. N., 1872 [CCr]
MCLACHLAN,
R., 1886 [AR]
MARTIN,
James, 1868 [C&]
MACLEAN,
Gordon, 1966 [PB]; 1968 MARTIN,Robert, 1967 [RC]
CPBl
MARTI W., 1848 [ D w
MCLEAN, I., 1960 [PBI
MAR+
,1812 [DB]
MACLEAY,
William, 1386 [AR]
MAsUL*.
F. G., 1931 [AR]
MCMASTER,Bryce,
[PB]; 1945 MASKELYNE,
Prof., 1874 [RC 18991
[PBI
MASON,
h r g e E., 1914 [AR]
M c M o n m , Robert, 1918 [AR]
MASON,J. Wood, 1872 M A ; OCIi
MACMUNN,
C., 1893 [AR; CCr]
1873 [MA]; 1874 [MsL31; 1875

!
1

MA]; 1876 W;OC]; 1877 [MA;

OC]; 1878 [OCI; 187851 M];
1879 WsLj]; 1881 W A ; OC]; 1883
[RC 18941; 1889 W; OC]
MASTERS,
Capt. (Bath). [AM]
MATHEW,Revd. M. A., 1858 [RC
1927; BC1
MATHEWS,
M. A. (Merton College),
1857 [AMAI]; 1858 [AMAr;MsLz]
MATTHEWS,
Revd. A., 1886 [AR]
MAW,George, 1884 [AR]
MAY,J. H., 1876 [MA; CCr]
MAYO,Dr. (New College), 1878 W A ;
CCr]
MEADS,
D., 1937 [AR]
MEADS,
H. D., 1954 [PB]; 1955 [PB]
MEADS,
Mr., 1960 [PB]
MEIKLEJOHN,
Dr. John W. S., 1866
[CCrl
MEINE~TZHAGEN, D., 1897 [AR]
MELVILLE,Dr., 1847
.. -[DMl- ('from
.
Mr. ~ o l l d ' )
MENDELSSOHN,
James M., 1968 [PB]
MERCER,
Dr., [CCr]
MERCY,M b , 1906 [RC]
METCALPE,
Miss, 1937 [PB]
METHUEN,H. H. (Exeter College),
1846 [AMAI; AMAz]; 1848
[AMAI; AMAz]; COLLECTION,
1848 [RC 19561
METHUEN,
Hon. Paul A., 191I [AR];
1912 [RC; BDI]; 19x3 [AR]; 1914
IPBI
MEYER,Prof. A. B., 1880 [RC 1899,
19681
MEYER,Dr., 1876
MICHEL,Sir W., P C ]
MICHELL,M. Rowland, 1871 [RC
18941 (Refers to specimens of Chameleons)
MICHELL,Rowland L. N., 1871 [CCr]
MICHELL,Sir Thomas, PDI]; PC];
[BC card] (Entries include t h m
mferring to Sir T. MicheU; the BC
card gives the name erroneously as
Sir T. Michels)
MICHELL,W. (Secmtary, Zoologicd
Gardens, London), 1848 [ D w

m]

MIDDLETON,
A. D.v 1930 [AR]; 1931
CAR]; 1933 [PBI; 1934 [PBI;
1935 lPBl
MIERS,J. G., 1934 [PB]
MIERS,J. W., 1880 [RC I ~ I S ]
MILLER,Mrs., 1848 [DM; RC 18941
MILLMAN,
Lieut.-Col. 0. R. E., 1927
CPBI
MILLOT,Prof. N., [RC 19531
MILMAN,
Mis, 1879 [RC I ~ O Z ]
MILNE-EDWARDS,
Prof. A., 1895 [PB]
MILNE-EDWARDS,
Prof. M. (Sorbonne
& Jardin des Plantes), 1847 [DM];

[ocl

M m c ~ m ,Prof. E. A., 1889 [AR];

1892 [AR]; 1893 [AR]; 1894 [PB];
1895 [W;1896 [ R q ; 1897 [RC];
1898 [PB]; 1913 [RC]; 19x4 [AR]
MITCHINSON,Revd. Dr. J., 1918
CAR]
MITSVKURI,Pmf., 1892 [PB]; 1894
CAR1
MOAR, Ian, 1964 [PB]; 1965 [PB]
MONEY,
Wdter, 1878 [MA; OC]; 1880
COCI
MONTACV,
Lord, 1887 [PB]
MooaE, J., [CCr]
MOORE,J. E. S., 1897 [AR]; 1898
CAR1
MOORE,N. C., 1956 [PB]
MOORHOUSE,
D., 1952 [AR]; 1955
CPBI; 1958 CPBI
MOREAU,R. E., 1953 [PB]; 1954
CpBli 1957 CPBI; 1959 CPBI; 1966
[AR 19671; 1969 CAR 19701
MORENO,
Dr., 1899 [AR]
MORISON,
C. G. T., 1934 [AR]
MORWD,Miss (Abingdon), [ A m
MORLEY,
Miss A., 1939 [PB]
MORILAN,
R. M., 1918 [RC]
MOREELL,F. J., [OC]
MORRELL,G. H., 1877 [OC; PS];
1882 [RC 18981
MORRELL,
Herbert, 1877 [PS]
MORRELL,
JIIIICS, 1913 [AR]
MORRELL,
J. H., [RC 18981
MORRIS,Dr. Desmond, 1954 VB]
Mon~rs,Mrs. E. H., 1930 [PB]

INDEX OF DONORS

APPENDIX 111
MORRIS,Frederick Philipse (Worcester
College), [ A m
MORRIS,Dr., 1896 [AR]
MORSBY,Capt., R.N., 1854 [DB];
[OCI; [CCrI
MORTON,Revd. Julian, COLLECTION,
V D q i [RC 18941
K. J., 1905 CAR]
MORTON,
MOSELEY,Prof. H. N., 1865 [RC];
1869 WA]; 1870 [OC]; 1871
1872 [MA; OC; PS; RC 18971;
1873
RC 18971; 1874 [W;
OC]; 1875 [MA; OC]; 1876
OC]; 1877 [MA]; 1878 [MA;
OC]; 1879 [MA; OC]; 1880 [OC;
PS]; 1880-1 [MA]; 1881 [OC];
1882 WA]; 1886 [AR]; 1889
[OC]; 1904 [AR]; 1919 CAR, by
Mrs. Solks]; [MsL~]; [CCr]
MOSELEY,Mrs., 1904 [PB]. See alro
SOLLAS,
Mrs. W. J.
MOTT, Mr., 1895 [BC]
MOULLIN,
Col. Mansell, 1930 [AR]
MOWAT,J. L. G., 1883 CAR]
MOY-THOMAS,J. A., 1939 [PB];
COLLECTION, [RC 19571
MULLER,Prof. Max, 1870 W A ; OC]
MUMMERY,
J. R., 1869 [MA]; 1870
1871 [MA]; 1878 [EO];
1879 [CCr]; as J. Mummery also,
undated [CCr]; I 880 [MA; OC]
MURRAY,
B., 1950 [PB]
MURRAY,
C. H., 1951 [PB]; 1952 [PB]
MURRAY,Mrs. Elizabeth, 1958 [PB];
1959 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB]
MURRAY,
J. (Albernarle St., London),
[ A V ; 1832 [BDI; RC 19271;
1832 [BC, as J. Murray Collection];
1832 [BC, as Mr. Murray]; 1834
[BDI; BC, both as Mr. Murray];
1834 [BC, as J. Murray Collection]
MURRAY,
Dr. J. ('Challenger' Office),
1894 [AR]
Mr. J., 1891 RC 18941
MURRAY,
MURRAY,James A.
urator, FRR
Hall Museum, &radii), 1883 CAR]
MURRAY,
James J., Jr., 1953 [AR];
I959 [PB]; 1965 [RC]

m];

m;

m;

m];

MURRAY,
P. D. F., 1923 [RC]
MURRAY,
Dr., 1891 [RC]
MURRAY,Miss,
[BDI, as Miss
Murray, Albemarle St., London];
1830 P C 1
MURRAY, Mr., 1832 P C ] ; 1834
V D I ; BC] (Included in references to
J. Murray, Albemarle St.)
MURRAY,
Mr., 1953 [PB]
MUSEUM D'H1STOlRE NATURELLE,
PARIS,1885 [OC]

[m;

NAPIER, Herbert, COLLECTION, 1949

[PB](ReceivedamongtheCollections of Prof. G. D. H. Carpenter)
NAPIER,Miss, [RC 1894, 19141
Nasrarc, H.M.S., 1871-2 [RC 18991;
1873 [MA]; 1874
See also
CHIMMO,Capt., R.N.
NEAVE,L. D., 1900 CAR]
NEAVE,S. A., 1909 [AR]; 1912 [AR]
NEILL, S. R. St. John, 1967 [PB]
NELSON, Revd. G. M. (Magdalen
college), [Ahl]
NESBET,I., 1960 [PB]
NETTLESHIP,E., 18- ? [RC 18971
NEVILLE,
L., 1894 [PB]
NEWBURY,Miss, 1864 [RC 19561
(ReceivedthroughHopeDept.)
NEWSON,
R. M., 1958 [PB]; 1959 [PB]
NEWTON,Alfred, [PS]
NEWTON, C. T., [CCr]
NEWTON, Sir Edward, 1890 [RC
18991; 1891 [AR] (These refer to the
same specimen)
NEWTON,E. T., 1892 [ART
NEWTON,I., 1967 [PB]
NEWTON,R., 1959 [PB]
NEWTON,Prof., 1869 [OC]
NEWTON,Prof., 1900 [AR]
T. H. K., [RC 18991
NICHOLLS,
NlcHo~LsMrs., 1952 [PB]
David, 1956 [RC];
1960 [RC]; 1962 [PB];
1958 [
1963 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
1967 [PB]; 1968 [PB]
NICHOLSON,
Mrs. H., 1911 [AR]
NICHOLSON,
Mr. S. S., 1854 [DB]

m].

~~Cygd'f'.

I 20

(Probably = Shaw Stewart NicholNICHOLSON,

Shaw Stewart, [ O q
NICOLSON,Mr. Steward, 1852 P B ]
(Probably = Shaw Stewart Nicholson)
NIEMEYER, Miss S., 1910 [PB];
1911 [RC]
NILES,John, 1964 [PB]
NIXON,Miss, 1887 [AR; OC]
NORMAN,Canon Alfred M., 1907
[ARl
NORTHBROOK,
Lord, 1877 CBC]; COLLECTION, 1877 [RC 19271
NOWELL,Miss ( r a y ) , [ A W ; [RC
19681

OWN, Mr., 1851 [DB]

OWN, Prof., 1848 [ D W
OWEN'SCOLLEGE,
MANCHESTER,
[RC
19161
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY:
Delegatesof The University Museum,

1909 [AR]; 1919 [PBI

Department of Geology, [RC 18941;
[RC 18971; [RC 19081; [RC
19131; 1936 [PBI; I945 [PB]
Department of Human Anatomy,
[RC 19361
Department of ~ h p i o l o g y , 1920
[ R q i 1922 [RC]
OXFORD
UNIVERSITYEXPEDITIONS:
to Angola 1954 1954 [PBI
to Atlas Mountains 1961, 1965 [RC]
to British Guiana 1959-60, 1965
OAKLEY,
Dr. K e a t h P., 1975 [PB]
OATES,Frank, 1877
CCr; RC
[RC]; 1967 [PB]; 1968 [AR
19691; 1969 CAR]; 1973 CAR]
18943; 1878 [MA; OC]
to Cameroons 1962 [Unrecorded;
O B E R T H ~M.
R , Red, 1886 [AR]
materid left with Zoologicd ColOGILVIE,F. Menteith, COLLECTION,
lections
1963 (?) bp Peter J.
1919 [PBl
Jarman of the Dept. of Zodogy
OGILVIE,MR. F. M., 1919 [AR]
and not formally presented]
OGLE,Dr., [AM]; 1851 [DB]; [BC]
to Canary Islands 1969 pomens'
OLDHAM,
C., 1927 [AR]
Expedition) [Unrecorded; material
O'LEARY,Mrs., 1963 [AR]
left with J. M. M e n d e b h n and
OLWE, Laurence, COLLECTION, 1959
passed on by him in 1972, but
[pB]
never formally presented to ZooOLIVER,Miss Jesie M., 1932 [PB]
ORIEL COLLEGE,Provost of, 1862
logical Collections]
to Cayman Islands 1938, 1939 [AR]
Pc]
to Finmark 1959, 1959 [PB]
ORMEROD,
E. S., 1889 [AR]
to Gulf of Guinea 1949, 1949 [PB]
ORMEROD,
P., 1848 [ D V
ORMEROD,Mis, 1885 [AR]; 1888
to Kiunga Archipelago, Kenya 1951,
1955 [RC]; 1965 [AR 1 9 ~ ~ 1
[AR]; 1890 [AR]
2nd to Kiunga Archipekgo, Kenya
ORR-EWINC,
Miss J., 1936 [PB]
1961 [Unrecorded; left with the
ORTON,J. H., 1910 [AR]
Zoological Collections in 1962 (?)
OSBORN,
Prof. H. F., 1894 CAR]; [RC
by Peter J. Jarman & M. P. L.
19x41; 1950 [PBl
Fogden of the Dept. of Zoology
OSMAN,
-, 1850 [DB]
and never formally prrsented to
OSMASTON,
B. B., 1933 [PB]; 1934
[PBI; 1941 CPB]; 1949 [PBI;
Collections]
to Mdta 1965, 1967 [PB]
1953 [PB]; 1957 [PB]; CoLLEcTrow,
to Persia c. 1957, 1967 [RC]
1963 [AR]
to Sarawak 1932, 1933 CAR 1932OWE%D., 1957 [PB]
31
OWEN,J. H., 1946 P C ]
to Sarawak 1955-6, 1956 [AR]
OWN, Capt. Mostyn, [CCr]

v;

I21

INDEX OF DONORS

APPENDIX 111
MORRIS,Frederick Philipse (Worcester
College), [ A m
MORRIS,Dr., 1896 [AR]
MORSBY,Capt., R.N., 1854 [DB];
[OCI; [CCrI
MORTON,Revd. Julian, COLLECTION,
V D q i [RC 18941
K. J., 1905 CAR]
MORTON,
MOSELEY,Prof. H. N., 1865 [RC];
1869 WA]; 1870 [OC]; 1871
1872 [MA; OC; PS; RC 18971;
1873
RC 18971; 1874 [W;
OC]; 1875 [MA; OC]; 1876
OC]; 1877 [MA]; 1878 [MA;
OC]; 1879 [MA; OC]; 1880 [OC;
PS]; 1880-1 [MA]; 1881 [OC];
1882 WA]; 1886 [AR]; 1889
[OC]; 1904 [AR]; 1919 CAR, by
Mrs. Solks]; [MsL~]; [CCr]
MOSELEY,Mrs., 1904 [PB]. See alro
SOLLAS,
Mrs. W. J.
MOTT, Mr., 1895 [BC]
MOULLIN,
Col. Mansell, 1930 [AR]
MOWAT,J. L. G., 1883 CAR]
MOY-THOMAS,J. A., 1939 [PB];
COLLECTION, [RC 19571
MULLER,Prof. Max, 1870 W A ; OC]
MUMMERY,
J. R., 1869 [MA]; 1870
1871 [MA]; 1878 [EO];
1879 [CCr]; as J. Mummery also,
undated [CCr]; I 880 [MA; OC]
MURRAY,
B., 1950 [PB]
MURRAY,
C. H., 1951 [PB]; 1952 [PB]
MURRAY,Mrs. Elizabeth, 1958 [PB];
1959 [PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB]
MURRAY,
J. (Albernarle St., London),
[ A V ; 1832 [BDI; RC 19271;
1832 [BC, as J. Murray Collection];
1832 [BC, as Mr. Murray]; 1834
[BDI; BC, both as Mr. Murray];
1834 [BC, as J. Murray Collection]
MURRAY,
Dr. J. ('Challenger' Office),
1894 [AR]
Mr. J., 1891 RC 18941
MURRAY,
MURRAY,James A.
urator, FRR
Hall Museum, &radii), 1883 CAR]
MURRAY,
James J., Jr., 1953 [AR];
I959 [PB]; 1965 [RC]

m];

m;

m;

m];

MURRAY,
P. D. F., 1923 [RC]
MURRAY,
Dr., 1891 [RC]
MURRAY,Miss,
[BDI, as Miss
Murray, Albemarle St., London];
1830 P C 1
MURRAY, Mr., 1832 P C ] ; 1834
V D I ; BC] (Included in references to
J. Murray, Albemarle St.)
MURRAY,
Mr., 1953 [PB]
MUSEUM D'H1STOlRE NATURELLE,
PARIS,1885 [OC]

[m;

NAPIER, Herbert, COLLECTION, 1949

[PB](ReceivedamongtheCollections of Prof. G. D. H. Carpenter)
NAPIER,Miss, [RC 1894, 19141
Nasrarc, H.M.S., 1871-2 [RC 18991;
1873 [MA]; 1874
See also
CHIMMO,Capt., R.N.
NEAVE,L. D., 1900 CAR]
NEAVE,S. A., 1909 [AR]; 1912 [AR]
NEILL, S. R. St. John, 1967 [PB]
NELSON, Revd. G. M. (Magdalen
college), [Ahl]
NESBET,I., 1960 [PB]
NETTLESHIP,E., 18- ? [RC 18971
NEVILLE,
L., 1894 [PB]
NEWBURY,Miss, 1864 [RC 19561
(ReceivedthroughHopeDept.)
NEWSON,
R. M., 1958 [PB]; 1959 [PB]
NEWTON,Alfred, [PS]
NEWTON, C. T., [CCr]
NEWTON, Sir Edward, 1890 [RC
18991; 1891 [AR] (These refer to the
same specimen)
NEWTON,E. T., 1892 [ART
NEWTON,I., 1967 [PB]
NEWTON,R., 1959 [PB]
NEWTON,Prof., 1869 [OC]
NEWTON,Prof., 1900 [AR]
T. H. K., [RC 18991
NICHOLLS,
NlcHo~LsMrs., 1952 [PB]
David, 1956 [RC];
1960 [RC]; 1962 [PB];
1958 [
1963 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
1967 [PB]; 1968 [PB]
NICHOLSON,
Mrs. H., 1911 [AR]
NICHOLSON,
Mr. S. S., 1854 [DB]

m].

~~Cygd'f'.

I 20

(Probably = Shaw Stewart NicholNICHOLSON,

Shaw Stewart, [ O q
NICOLSON,Mr. Steward, 1852 P B ]
(Probably = Shaw Stewart Nicholson)
NIEMEYER, Miss S., 1910 [PB];
1911 [RC]
NILES,John, 1964 [PB]
NIXON,Miss, 1887 [AR; OC]
NORMAN,Canon Alfred M., 1907
[ARl
NORTHBROOK,
Lord, 1877 CBC]; COLLECTION, 1877 [RC 19271
NOWELL,Miss ( r a y ) , [ A W ; [RC
19681

OWN, Mr., 1851 [DB]

OWN, Prof., 1848 [ D W
OWEN'SCOLLEGE,
MANCHESTER,
[RC
19161
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY:
Delegatesof The University Museum,

1909 [AR]; 1919 [PBI

Department of Geology, [RC 18941;
[RC 18971; [RC 19081; [RC
19131; 1936 [PBI; I945 [PB]
Department of Human Anatomy,
[RC 19361
Department of ~ h p i o l o g y , 1920
[ R q i 1922 [RC]
OXFORD
UNIVERSITYEXPEDITIONS:
to Angola 1954 1954 [PBI
to Atlas Mountains 1961, 1965 [RC]
to British Guiana 1959-60, 1965
OAKLEY,
Dr. K e a t h P., 1975 [PB]
OATES,Frank, 1877
CCr; RC
[RC]; 1967 [PB]; 1968 [AR
19691; 1969 CAR]; 1973 CAR]
18943; 1878 [MA; OC]
to Cameroons 1962 [Unrecorded;
O B E R T H ~M.
R , Red, 1886 [AR]
materid left with Zoologicd ColOGILVIE,F. Menteith, COLLECTION,
lections
1963 (?) bp Peter J.
1919 [PBl
Jarman of the Dept. of Zodogy
OGILVIE,MR. F. M., 1919 [AR]
and not formally presented]
OGLE,Dr., [AM]; 1851 [DB]; [BC]
to Canary Islands 1969 pomens'
OLDHAM,
C., 1927 [AR]
Expedition) [Unrecorded; material
O'LEARY,Mrs., 1963 [AR]
left with J. M. M e n d e b h n and
OLWE, Laurence, COLLECTION, 1959
passed on by him in 1972, but
[pB]
never formally presented to ZooOLIVER,Miss Jesie M., 1932 [PB]
ORIEL COLLEGE,Provost of, 1862
logical Collections]
to Cayman Islands 1938, 1939 [AR]
Pc]
to Finmark 1959, 1959 [PB]
ORMEROD,
E. S., 1889 [AR]
to Gulf of Guinea 1949, 1949 [PB]
ORMEROD,
P., 1848 [ D V
ORMEROD,Mis, 1885 [AR]; 1888
to Kiunga Archipelago, Kenya 1951,
1955 [RC]; 1965 [AR 1 9 ~ ~ 1
[AR]; 1890 [AR]
2nd to Kiunga Archipekgo, Kenya
ORR-EWINC,
Miss J., 1936 [PB]
1961 [Unrecorded; left with the
ORTON,J. H., 1910 [AR]
Zoological Collections in 1962 (?)
OSBORN,
Prof. H. F., 1894 CAR]; [RC
by Peter J. Jarman & M. P. L.
19x41; 1950 [PBl
Fogden of the Dept. of Zoology
OSMAN,
-, 1850 [DB]
and never formally prrsented to
OSMASTON,
B. B., 1933 [PB]; 1934
[PBI; 1941 CPB]; 1949 [PBI;
Collections]
to Mdta 1965, 1967 [PB]
1953 [PB]; 1957 [PB]; CoLLEcTrow,
to Persia c. 1957, 1967 [RC]
1963 [AR]
to Sarawak 1932, 1933 CAR 1932OWE%D., 1957 [PB]
31
OWEN,J. H., 1946 P C ]
to Sarawak 1955-6, 1956 [AR]
OWN, Capt. Mostyn, [CCr]

v;

I21

APPENDIX 111

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITIOUB
(cont.)
to Solomon Ielands 1953-4, 1959
CAR1
to South Caspian 1961, 1963 [AR]
to Southern Morocco 1955, 1959
[AR 19601
to Spiabergen 1921, 1922 [AR];
1923 CAR1
to Spitzbergen 19339 I934 [PBI
to Spiabergen 1954, '9954 [PBI
to Tanganyika 1.959, 1959 P I ;
1960 [AR]; 1961 [AR]
OXFORD
ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS,
1931
[ARI
P -, E. W., 1870 [RC 19081
PALWG,
Dr. John E., 1965 [PB]; 1968
[RC]
PALMER,
E. E., 1912 [PB]
PALMER,
F., 1920 [AR]
PANKHURST,
Maj. H. E. E., 1965 [PB]
PANUVU,Prof. (Copenhagen), 1879

W; c01

PARKER,
F. J., 1934 [PB]; 1939 [PB];

-- -

PARKER,
James, F.G.S., 1863 [CCr]
(with S. Stone)
PARKER,
Mr., 1871 M]
PARKER,
Prof., 1884 [RC 19161
PARKMSON,
J., [AM]
PARKINSON,
Mr. (British Consul),
[AMA1]; [AMAz]
PARKS,
Peter, 1966 [PB]
Mrs., 1938 [RC, entered in
PARRATT,
error as Mrs. Parrott]; 1939 [AR]
PARRY,
Capt., [AM]
PARSONS,
B. T., 1934 [PB]; 1935 [PB]
PASCOE,Francis Polkinghorne, COLLECTION, 1909 [AR]
PASCOE,
Miss F. P., 1909 [AR]
PATER,Mr., 1848 [DM]
PAXTON,
J. (Oxford),
PEACOCK,
E.,
PEARS,Revd.
A. (Corpus Christi
College), [AMAI]; 1845 VsLz];
[BC1

[m]

[m

PEARSON,
C. (Oriel College), [RC
19671
PEARSON,
Charles, 1864 [CO]; 1867

[col

PEARSON,
Prof. K., 1902 [RC]
PWE, H. J. R., 1932 [AR]
PELLY,Sir Lewis, 1878 p];
[OC]
PEMBERTON,
Mr., 1956 [PB]
PENNANT,
Th., 1768 [AM]
PENNIMAN,
T. K., 1931 [PB]; 1939
CAR]; 1951 [PBI; 1956 [PBI
PENNINGTON,
Mr., 1963 [PB]
PENNYCUICK,
C., 1954 [PB]
PERCEVAL,
Hon. and Revd. C., 1818
[BC]; 1824 [AM]; 1830 [BDI; BC]
PERCY,
Lord Richard, 1956 [PB]
PERCYSLADENFUND,Trustees of,
1928 [AR]
PERRINS,
Dr. C. M., 1958 [PB]; 1959
[PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
1964 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1968 [PB];
1969 [AR 19701
PERSE,Revd. W., 1886 [RC 19681
PETERS,C. J., 1888 [AR]
PETT,Mrs. (Christ Church), [AM]
PHELPS,Miss, 1922 [AR]
PHILLIPS,Mrs. A. R., 1910 [AR]
PHILLIPSJ. C., 1903 [RC]
PHILLIPS,
J. R., 1892 [RD]; 1893 [PB]
PHILLIPS,
John R., 1903 (I) [BC r g ~ z ]
PHILLIPS,Prof., 1875 W A ; RC 1896;
OCI
PHILOSOPHICALSOCIETY, NEW
YORK,[AM]
PHILPOT,-, COLLECTION, ( ?) 1880
WDI]; [RC 1894.18961
PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE,
A. W., 1929
[ARI
PICKLES,
Dr. M. M., 1961 [PB]
PICTON,L. J., 1895 [RC 18991
PINQOLD,
Mr. G. (Oxford), [AM]
PINSENT,
Mrs. M. L., 1969 [PB]
W. H., 1956 [PB]
IVERS, General, [RC 18961
PITT RIVERSCOLLECTION,1887-8
WA]; 1887 [OC]; 1900 [PB]
PITT RIVERSMUSEUM,1939 [AR];
1942 [BC]; [RC 19431; 1951 [PBI;

c*

INDEX OF DONORS

1956 [PB]; 1969 [PB]. See a120

entries under BALQOUR,
H., BUCKWOOD, Miss B., PENNIMAN,
T. K.
PITTAM,M., 1954 [PB]
PLUMPTRE,
Revd. F. C. (Master of
University College), [CO]
PODMORE,
St. Michael, 1908 [AR]
POPE, Dr. Charles A. (of St. Louis),
[CCrli [RC 19561
POPE, Dr., 1867 [CCr; RC 19001;
1870 M;OC]
POTTS,F. A., 1922 [AR]
POULTON,
Prof. Sir Edward Bagnall,
1883 [AR]; 1887 [AR]; 1892 [PB];
1894 [AR]; 1896 [AR]; 1897 [AR];
1904 WDI]; 1905 [AR]; 1911
[RC]; 1912 [AR]; 1914 [AR]; 1915
[PB]; 1916 [PB]; 1921 [AR];
'923 CAR]; 1930 P I ; 1932 [PBI;
I933 [PBI; I934 [PBI; 1940 [RC
19521; I944 [PBI
POWELL,
G. Wrlfred, 1906 [ R q
POWELL,
H. P., 1963 [PB]; 1968 [RC];
1969 CPBI
POWELL,Lieut. Wilfred, 1884 [RD];
1887 [AR; BC]
POWELL,
Prof. York, 1898 [AR]
POWLETT,Cdr. H., 1903 [PB; CCr]
POWYS,Hon. J. L. (Christ Church),
1853 [AMAI; MsLz]; 1856 PC];
[RC 19271
POYNTER,
Miss H. M., 1890 [AR]
PRANGNELL,
C. F., 1889 [AR]
PRATT, J. P. (Bath), [AM]; 1839
[AMAI, where entry dated 1838
is deleted]; 1839 [AMAz]
PRATT,S. P. (Bath), [ A W
PRATT,Mr., [Ahl]
PRATTINTON,
Dr. (Bewdley, Worcs.),
[AM]; 1828 [BC]; 1829 PC];
rBDI1
PRESTWICH,
Prof. Sir Joseph, 1875
W];1887 W D I I
PRETYMAN,
Revd. F. (Magdalen College), 1847 [AMAII
PREVOST,
Capt., 1854 [DB] (Marine
specimens; possibly = Capt. of Sdellire I)

PREVOST,Capt., H.M.S. S&uire,

[CCrI
PRICE, Revd. R. (New College),

[W;r K i

PRICE,Dr. (Brighton), [AhlJ

-ICE,
Mm, 1921 [AR]
PRICE,Miss, 1944 [PB]
PUICKETT,
M.,1874 W]
PRICKETT,Mr., [AM]
PRIESTLEY,
Dr., 1920 [ R q
PRINGLE,
Prof. J. W. S., 1962 [PB];
1963 [PBI; 1964 [PBI; 1967 [PBI
PROUT,Revd. T. J., (1870 I) [OC]
PRYER,Mrs. W. B., 1913 [AR]
PULS,Dr., 1885 [AR]
PVNNETT,Prof. R. C., 1933 [AR]
PURRIER,Revd. H. (Worcester College), 1846 [AMAII;
PUSEY, Lieut. E. Bouverie, R.N.,
1863 [AMAz; BDI; BC (as Lt.
Pwy)]; WsLz]; 1864 [AMAz]
PUSEY,S., [OC]
PUSEY,Miss, 1854 [DB]
PYCRAQT,
W. P., 1892 [AR]; 1893
[RC 18941; 1894 P R ] ; 189s [RC];
1896 [ R q ; 1897 [RC1
PYM, B. E., 1869 [CCr]
PYM,H. G., 1872 [CCr]. See HUTCHINSON, Thomas J.
QUECEETT,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
QUERNER,
M i H., 1917 [AR]
QUICK,Dr. H. E., 1954 [PB]
RACKSTROW,
G., [AM]
RADBURN,
G., 1966 [PB]
RADCLIFFE
INFIRMARY,
OXFORD,
1850
P B I ; 1852 CDBI
RADCLIFQE
LIBRARY,OXFORD,1933
[PBI
RADFORD,Mrs. M. C., 1935 [PB];
I937 [PBI
RADLEY
COLLEGE,
ABINGDON,
1928
[RC1
RAFFLESMUSEUM,SINGAPORE,
1960
[RC]
RAIKES,Capt., 1880 W; C&]
RAM, A. P., 1867 [RC 19x41

APPENDIX 111

OXFORD
UNIVERSITY
EXPEDITIOUB
(cont.)
to Solomon Ielands 1953-4, 1959
CAR1
to South Caspian 1961, 1963 [AR]
to Southern Morocco 1955, 1959
[AR 19601
to Spiabergen 1921, 1922 [AR];
1923 CAR1
to Spitzbergen 19339 I934 [PBI
to Spiabergen 1954, '9954 [PBI
to Tanganyika 1.959, 1959 P I ;
1960 [AR]; 1961 [AR]
OXFORD
ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS,
1931
[ARI
P -, E. W., 1870 [RC 19081
PALWG,
Dr. John E., 1965 [PB]; 1968
[RC]
PALMER,
E. E., 1912 [PB]
PALMER,
F., 1920 [AR]
PANKHURST,
Maj. H. E. E., 1965 [PB]
PANUVU,Prof. (Copenhagen), 1879

W; c01

PARKER,
F. J., 1934 [PB]; 1939 [PB];

-- -

PARKER,
James, F.G.S., 1863 [CCr]
(with S. Stone)
PARKER,
Mr., 1871 M]
PARKER,
Prof., 1884 [RC 19161
PARKMSON,
J., [AM]
PARKINSON,
Mr. (British Consul),
[AMA1]; [AMAz]
PARKS,
Peter, 1966 [PB]
Mrs., 1938 [RC, entered in
PARRATT,
error as Mrs. Parrott]; 1939 [AR]
PARRY,
Capt., [AM]
PARSONS,
B. T., 1934 [PB]; 1935 [PB]
PASCOE,Francis Polkinghorne, COLLECTION, 1909 [AR]
PASCOE,
Miss F. P., 1909 [AR]
PATER,Mr., 1848 [DM]
PAXTON,
J. (Oxford),
PEACOCK,
E.,
PEARS,Revd.
A. (Corpus Christi
College), [AMAI]; 1845 VsLz];
[BC1

[m]

[m

PEARSON,
C. (Oriel College), [RC
19671
PEARSON,
Charles, 1864 [CO]; 1867

[col

PEARSON,
Prof. K., 1902 [RC]
PWE, H. J. R., 1932 [AR]
PELLY,Sir Lewis, 1878 p];
[OC]
PEMBERTON,
Mr., 1956 [PB]
PENNANT,
Th., 1768 [AM]
PENNIMAN,
T. K., 1931 [PB]; 1939
CAR]; 1951 [PBI; 1956 [PBI
PENNINGTON,
Mr., 1963 [PB]
PENNYCUICK,
C., 1954 [PB]
PERCEVAL,
Hon. and Revd. C., 1818
[BC]; 1824 [AM]; 1830 [BDI; BC]
PERCY,
Lord Richard, 1956 [PB]
PERCYSLADENFUND,Trustees of,
1928 [AR]
PERRINS,
Dr. C. M., 1958 [PB]; 1959
[PB]; 1960 [PB]; 1961 [PB];
1964 [PB]; 1965 [PB]; 1968 [PB];
1969 [AR 19701
PERSE,Revd. W., 1886 [RC 19681
PETERS,C. J., 1888 [AR]
PETT,Mrs. (Christ Church), [AM]
PHELPS,Miss, 1922 [AR]
PHILLIPS,Mrs. A. R., 1910 [AR]
PHILLIPSJ. C., 1903 [RC]
PHILLIPS,
J. R., 1892 [RD]; 1893 [PB]
PHILLIPS,
John R., 1903 (I) [BC r g ~ z ]
PHILLIPS,Prof., 1875 W A ; RC 1896;
OCI
PHILOSOPHICALSOCIETY, NEW
YORK,[AM]
PHILPOT,-, COLLECTION, ( ?) 1880
WDI]; [RC 1894.18961
PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE,
A. W., 1929
[ARI
PICKLES,
Dr. M. M., 1961 [PB]
PICTON,L. J., 1895 [RC 18991
PINQOLD,
Mr. G. (Oxford), [AM]
PINSENT,
Mrs. M. L., 1969 [PB]
W. H., 1956 [PB]
IVERS, General, [RC 18961
PITT RIVERSCOLLECTION,1887-8
WA]; 1887 [OC]; 1900 [PB]
PITT RIVERSMUSEUM,1939 [AR];
1942 [BC]; [RC 19431; 1951 [PBI;

c*

INDEX OF DONORS

1956 [PB]; 1969 [PB]. See a120

entries under BALQOUR,
H., BUCKWOOD, Miss B., PENNIMAN,
T. K.
PITTAM,M., 1954 [PB]
PLUMPTRE,
Revd. F. C. (Master of
University College), [CO]
PODMORE,
St. Michael, 1908 [AR]
POPE, Dr. Charles A. (of St. Louis),
[CCrli [RC 19561
POPE, Dr., 1867 [CCr; RC 19001;
1870 M;OC]
POTTS,F. A., 1922 [AR]
POULTON,
Prof. Sir Edward Bagnall,
1883 [AR]; 1887 [AR]; 1892 [PB];
1894 [AR]; 1896 [AR]; 1897 [AR];
1904 WDI]; 1905 [AR]; 1911
[RC]; 1912 [AR]; 1914 [AR]; 1915
[PB]; 1916 [PB]; 1921 [AR];
'923 CAR]; 1930 P I ; 1932 [PBI;
I933 [PBI; I934 [PBI; 1940 [RC
19521; I944 [PBI
POWELL,
G. Wrlfred, 1906 [ R q
POWELL,
H. P., 1963 [PB]; 1968 [RC];
1969 CPBI
POWELL,Lieut. Wilfred, 1884 [RD];
1887 [AR; BC]
POWELL,
Prof. York, 1898 [AR]
POWLETT,Cdr. H., 1903 [PB; CCr]
POWYS,Hon. J. L. (Christ Church),
1853 [AMAI; MsLz]; 1856 PC];
[RC 19271
POYNTER,
Miss H. M., 1890 [AR]
PRANGNELL,
C. F., 1889 [AR]
PRATT, J. P. (Bath), [AM]; 1839
[AMAI, where entry dated 1838
is deleted]; 1839 [AMAz]
PRATT,S. P. (Bath), [ A W
PRATT,Mr., [Ahl]
PRATTINTON,
Dr. (Bewdley, Worcs.),
[AM]; 1828 [BC]; 1829 PC];
rBDI1
PRESTWICH,
Prof. Sir Joseph, 1875
W];1887 W D I I
PRETYMAN,
Revd. F. (Magdalen College), 1847 [AMAII
PREVOST,
Capt., 1854 [DB] (Marine
specimens; possibly = Capt. of Sdellire I)

PREVOST,Capt., H.M.S. S&uire,

[CCrI
PRICE, Revd. R. (New College),

[W;r K i

PRICE,Dr. (Brighton), [AhlJ

-ICE,
Mm, 1921 [AR]
PRICE,Miss, 1944 [PB]
PUICKETT,
M.,1874 W]
PRICKETT,Mr., [AM]
PRIESTLEY,
Dr., 1920 [ R q
PRINGLE,
Prof. J. W. S., 1962 [PB];
1963 [PBI; 1964 [PBI; 1967 [PBI
PROUT,Revd. T. J., (1870 I) [OC]
PRYER,Mrs. W. B., 1913 [AR]
PULS,Dr., 1885 [AR]
PVNNETT,Prof. R. C., 1933 [AR]
PURRIER,Revd. H. (Worcester College), 1846 [AMAII;
PUSEY, Lieut. E. Bouverie, R.N.,
1863 [AMAz; BDI; BC (as Lt.
Pwy)]; WsLz]; 1864 [AMAz]
PUSEY,S., [OC]
PUSEY,Miss, 1854 [DB]
PYCRAQT,
W. P., 1892 [AR]; 1893
[RC 18941; 1894 P R ] ; 189s [RC];
1896 [ R q ; 1897 [RC1
PYM, B. E., 1869 [CCr]
PYM,H. G., 1872 [CCr]. See HUTCHINSON, Thomas J.
QUECEETT,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
QUERNER,
M i H., 1917 [AR]
QUICK,Dr. H. E., 1954 [PB]
RACKSTROW,
G., [AM]
RADBURN,
G., 1966 [PB]
RADCLIFFE
INFIRMARY,
OXFORD,
1850
P B I ; 1852 CDBI
RADCLIFQE
LIBRARY,OXFORD,1933
[PBI
RADFORD,Mrs. M. C., 1935 [PB];
I937 [PBI
RADLEY
COLLEGE,
ABINGDON,
1928
[RC1
RAFFLESMUSEUM,SINGAPORE,
1960
[RC]
RAIKES,Capt., 1880 W; C&]
RAM, A. P., 1867 [RC 19x41

APPENDIX 111
RAM, G. Stopford, 1861 [CCr]
RAMPTON,A., 1937 [AR 19381
RAMSAY,
Prof., 1893 [RC]; 1894 [AR]
RAMSDEN,-,COLLECTION,
1878 [OC];
1879 [MA]
I ~ N K E NRevd.
,
C. (Christ Church),
[AM]; 1820 P D I ; BC]
RATTRAY,
Dr. Alex, 1862 [BC]; 1863
[BDI, as Dr. A. Rattray; BC, in
which name appears also as Dr.
Rattray, Dr. A. Rattray, and as
Rattray Collection]; 1865 P C ]
RAWLINS,R., [OC]
RAWLINSON,
R., [OC]
RAWNSLEY,
Lieut. A. E., R.N., 1888
CAR]
RAYMONT,C., 1967 [PB]
READE,Edw., 1844 [AMAI; AMAz;
BC1
READER,
E. F. S., 1870 [CCr]
REED,Charles F., PDI]; 1856 [BC]
REEVE,J. S., 1950 [PB]
REEVE,Lord, 1847 [ D m
REID, D. M., 1934 [PB]
REISINGER,
Dr. K., 1924 [AR]
RETZIUS, Prof., 1850 [CCr]; 1858
[ccrl
REYNOLDS,
C. M., 1963 [PB]
REYNOLDS,
J., 1952 [RC]
REYNOLDSON,
T. B., 1949 [PB]
RICHARDS,
Mr. (P), 1857 [DB]
RICHARDSON,
Capt., R.A., 1869 [OC,
a reference to a specimen recorded in
1870 MA]; 1870 W] (= 1869
[OC]reference);[OC,referenceto
Ibex skull recorded 1871 MA]; 1871
[MA] (= undated OC reference)
RICHTERS,Dr. F., 1876 [RC 19071
RIDE,Dr. W. D. L., 1959 [PB]; 1960

[W

RIDLEY,H. N., 1899 rARl

RIGAUD,Revd. J O ~ ~ , - I ~ ~ ; [ P B1888
];
CRDI
RIGAUD,Capt. (Royal Mail Co.), 1888
[AR]; 1889 [AR]
RIGAUD, Col. (66th Rifles), 1869
[MA; OC, as Lieut.-Col.]
RIGAUD,
Lieut.-Col., [OC] (an undated

I N D E X OF DONORS

reference to the specimen recorded

as from Col. Rigaud 1869 m ] )
RILEY,Prof. C. V., 1888 [AR]
RISLEY,Revd. W. C. (New College),
[AM]; [BC, but entered as Revd.
W. Risky]
RITSEMA,Prof. C., 1887 [AR]; 1889
CAR, in which donor's name appears
as Risstma]
ROBARTS,C. N., 1932 W D I ]
ROBB-SMITH,Mrs., 1960 [PB]
ROBERTS, Hon. Henry (Falmouth,
Jamaica), 1848 [AMA I]
ROBERTS,Dr. M. B. V., 1966 [PB]
ROBERTS,Mr., 1928 PC]
ROBERTSON,
Wilfred, 1932 CAR]
ROBINSON,
A., I 890 [AR]
ROBINSON,Revd. F. (Corpus Christi
C o ~ g e ) ,[ A W ; [RC 1933; BC1
R o s m s o ~ , Sii Hercules, 1872 [OC;
RC 19681
R o s m s o ~ M.
, H., 1965 [PB]
roam so^, T. (Banker, Oxford), [ A m ;
P C (ref. to Ash. Mus. Coil.)]
ROBINSON,
-, 1904 [PB] (with J. N.
Annandale)
ROBSON,G. C., 1908 [AR]
ROHU,H. Q:, [CCr]
ROLLESTON,Sir Christopher, 1879
W (as Sir C. Rolleston); CCr]
ROCLESTON,
Prof. George, 1858 [DB]
(reference is to Dr. Rolleston, but
probably referable to George); 1870
[MA]; 1871 [PS]; 1872

m]

m];

m];

1877[RC1899];1881[TvlA];[OC];

1~161

in the references to ~ r i f .George

Rolleston); [BC] (Possibly referable
to either Prof. George Rolleston or
to Hon. William Rolleston)

SAINT BARTHOLOMEW'S
HOSPITAL,
1874 [RC 18993
SALTER,Mr., 1960 [PB]
SANDFORD,W. A., 1869 [MA];
[OCJ
SANKEY,Dr. J. O., 1878 F A ] ;
1898 [AR]; 1922 [AR]
SANKEY,
Mr., 1875 [RC 189914 1879
[RC 18991
SAUWAKMUBEUM,1935 [PB]
SAUNDERS,M h C. B., 1904 (?) P C
card]
SAUNDERS,
Mr. Paul (Chicago, U.S.A.),
[AMAI]; [AMAz]; PC]
SAUNDERSON,
A. R., 1921 [AR]
SAVILLE,
Mr. (Kings Lym), [OC]
SAYEAND SELE, the late Lord, 1847
[AM; AMAI; AMAz; MsLz; BC]
SCARBOROUGH,
Right Hon. the Earl
of, [oc]
SCHLIEMANN,
Dr., 1881-2
SCHOFIELD,
W. A. L., 1935 [RC 19521
SCHUSTER,
E. H. J., 1899 [AR]; 1909
[AR]
SCHUTZ,Mrs. (Shotover House), [AM];
F'cl
ROYALCOLLEGEOF SURGEONS,
1848
PC]
[DM]; 1851 [DB]; 1870
SCLATER,
P. L., 1856 [AMAI; AMA2;
1874 WA]; 1878 W A ; OC];
BDI]; 1883 [AR]; 1885 CAR; O q i
1885 [RC 18991
1887-8
1887 [RC 18951;
ROYALGARDENS,
KEW,1889 [AR]
1893 CAR]; 1894 [RC 18951; 1895
ROYALSOCIETYOF TASMANIA,
1910
[PB]; 1896 CAR]
SCLATER,W. L., 1883 [AR]; 1884
[RC]; l?Cl
ROYCE,Revd. D., [CCr]
[AR; OC]; 1893 [RC]
RUCK-KEENE,
Col. Edmund, COLLEC- SCOTT, Revd. E. D. (Queen's College),
TION, 1926 [AR]
[ A W ; (18341) P C ] (Year may
RUCK-KEENE,W., [BC; BC card]
be that in which specimen was shot)
(Not of Col. E. Ruck-Keene Collec- SCOTT, H., P C ] (The data on the
tion: specimens taken from a display
specimen is given as 18-, incomcase which bore this name written in
pletely)
pencil on the back. See notes in the SCOTT, Revd. T. H., [ A m
Accessions Register of Birds, B15659 SCOTT, Mr. (Merton College), 18812
I 882 [OC] (Same specimen)
etc.)

m;

m];

[RC I ~ O I ] ; [RC
ROLLESTON,
Sir Humphry, 1932 [PB]
ROLLESTON,
R., 1876 [OC]
ROLLESTON,
W., 1868 [CCr] (Possibly
referable to Hon. W i l h Rolleston ?)
ROLLESTON, Hon. William. I 871

RUNCIE, Capt. (of Mission Steamer

Eh-),
[c&]
RUSSELL,Gen. Lord Alexander, C.B.,
1903 [RC]; 1917 [PBl
RUSSELL,
Lord Arthur, 1886 [AR]

ROMANES,
G. J., 1893 [AR]
ROOKE,Dr. K. B., 1955 [PB]
ROSE,H., 1866 PC]
Ross, B., [OC]
Ross, B e r w d H., 1863 [CCr] (Entered as from Bernard Row, but the
specimen wascollectedon the Mackenzie Rjver, as also were the specimens
recorded under the name of Bernard
H. Ross); 1864 [AMAz]; WsLz (an
undated reference to the material
recorded in 1864 [AMA2])]; [BC,
including references to B. H. Rose];
cBDI1
Ross, Sir C. W. A. (Christ Church),
[AN
ROTHNEY,G. A. J., 1887 [AR]
ROTHSCHILD,Lord, 1918 [PB]; 1922
CAR]
ROUNDELL,
H. (Christ Church), 1850
[AMAI]; 1858 P C ]
ROWE, Revd. G. T., 1886 [AR; RC
1894, as Revd. J. Rowe, but same
material]
ROWELL,G. A., ~ L z ]
ROWELL,Mr., 1872 W]
ROWLAND,
Dr. H. M., 1869
CCr]
ROWLETT,Mr., P C card]
ROWLEY,Revd. H., PDI]; [RC 1927,
entered in error as Revd. H. Bowley];

1
I

m];

125

APPENDIX 111
RAM, G. Stopford, 1861 [CCr]
RAMPTON,A., 1937 [AR 19381
RAMSAY,
Prof., 1893 [RC]; 1894 [AR]
RAMSDEN,-,COLLECTION,
1878 [OC];
1879 [MA]
I ~ N K E NRevd.
,
C. (Christ Church),
[AM]; 1820 P D I ; BC]
RATTRAY,
Dr. Alex, 1862 [BC]; 1863
[BDI, as Dr. A. Rattray; BC, in
which name appears also as Dr.
Rattray, Dr. A. Rattray, and as
Rattray Collection]; 1865 P C ]
RAWLINS,R., [OC]
RAWLINSON,
R., [OC]
RAWNSLEY,
Lieut. A. E., R.N., 1888
CAR]
RAYMONT,C., 1967 [PB]
READE,Edw., 1844 [AMAI; AMAz;
BC1
READER,
E. F. S., 1870 [CCr]
REED,Charles F., PDI]; 1856 [BC]
REEVE,J. S., 1950 [PB]
REEVE,Lord, 1847 [ D m
REID, D. M., 1934 [PB]
REISINGER,
Dr. K., 1924 [AR]
RETZIUS, Prof., 1850 [CCr]; 1858
[ccrl
REYNOLDS,
C. M., 1963 [PB]
REYNOLDS,
J., 1952 [RC]
REYNOLDSON,
T. B., 1949 [PB]
RICHARDS,
Mr. (P), 1857 [DB]
RICHARDSON,
Capt., R.A., 1869 [OC,
a reference to a specimen recorded in
1870 MA]; 1870 W] (= 1869
[OC]reference);[OC,referenceto
Ibex skull recorded 1871 MA]; 1871
[MA] (= undated OC reference)
RICHTERS,Dr. F., 1876 [RC 19071
RIDE,Dr. W. D. L., 1959 [PB]; 1960

[W

RIDLEY,H. N., 1899 rARl

RIGAUD,Revd. J O ~ ~ , - I ~ ~ ; [ P B1888
];
CRDI
RIGAUD,Capt. (Royal Mail Co.), 1888
[AR]; 1889 [AR]
RIGAUD, Col. (66th Rifles), 1869
[MA; OC, as Lieut.-Col.]
RIGAUD,
Lieut.-Col., [OC] (an undated

I N D E X OF DONORS

reference to the specimen recorded

as from Col. Rigaud 1869 m ] )
RILEY,Prof. C. V., 1888 [AR]
RISLEY,Revd. W. C. (New College),
[AM]; [BC, but entered as Revd.
W. Risky]
RITSEMA,Prof. C., 1887 [AR]; 1889
CAR, in which donor's name appears
as Risstma]
ROBARTS,C. N., 1932 W D I ]
ROBB-SMITH,Mrs., 1960 [PB]
ROBERTS, Hon. Henry (Falmouth,
Jamaica), 1848 [AMA I]
ROBERTS,Dr. M. B. V., 1966 [PB]
ROBERTS,Mr., 1928 PC]
ROBERTSON,
Wilfred, 1932 CAR]
ROBINSON,
A., I 890 [AR]
ROBINSON,Revd. F. (Corpus Christi
C o ~ g e ) ,[ A W ; [RC 1933; BC1
R o s m s o ~ , Sii Hercules, 1872 [OC;
RC 19681
R o s m s o ~ M.
, H., 1965 [PB]
roam so^, T. (Banker, Oxford), [ A m ;
P C (ref. to Ash. Mus. Coil.)]
ROBINSON,
-, 1904 [PB] (with J. N.
Annandale)
ROBSON,G. C., 1908 [AR]
ROHU,H. Q:, [CCr]
ROLLESTON,Sir Christopher, 1879
W (as Sir C. Rolleston); CCr]
ROCLESTON,
Prof. George, 1858 [DB]
(reference is to Dr. Rolleston, but
probably referable to George); 1870
[MA]; 1871 [PS]; 1872

m]

m];

m];

1877[RC1899];1881[TvlA];[OC];

1~161

in the references to ~ r i f .George

Rolleston); [BC] (Possibly referable
to either Prof. George Rolleston or
to Hon. William Rolleston)

SAINT BARTHOLOMEW'S
HOSPITAL,
1874 [RC 18993
SALTER,Mr., 1960 [PB]
SANDFORD,W. A., 1869 [MA];
[OCJ
SANKEY,Dr. J. O., 1878 F A ] ;
1898 [AR]; 1922 [AR]
SANKEY,
Mr., 1875 [RC 189914 1879
[RC 18991
SAUWAKMUBEUM,1935 [PB]
SAUNDERS,M h C. B., 1904 (?) P C
card]
SAUNDERS,
Mr. Paul (Chicago, U.S.A.),
[AMAI]; [AMAz]; PC]
SAUNDERSON,
A. R., 1921 [AR]
SAVILLE,
Mr. (Kings Lym), [OC]
SAYEAND SELE, the late Lord, 1847
[AM; AMAI; AMAz; MsLz; BC]
SCARBOROUGH,
Right Hon. the Earl
of, [oc]
SCHLIEMANN,
Dr., 1881-2
SCHOFIELD,
W. A. L., 1935 [RC 19521
SCHUSTER,
E. H. J., 1899 [AR]; 1909
[AR]
SCHUTZ,Mrs. (Shotover House), [AM];
F'cl
ROYALCOLLEGEOF SURGEONS,
1848
PC]
[DM]; 1851 [DB]; 1870
SCLATER,
P. L., 1856 [AMAI; AMA2;
1874 WA]; 1878 W A ; OC];
BDI]; 1883 [AR]; 1885 CAR; O q i
1885 [RC 18991
1887-8
1887 [RC 18951;
ROYALGARDENS,
KEW,1889 [AR]
1893 CAR]; 1894 [RC 18951; 1895
ROYALSOCIETYOF TASMANIA,
1910
[PB]; 1896 CAR]
SCLATER,W. L., 1883 [AR]; 1884
[RC]; l?Cl
ROYCE,Revd. D., [CCr]
[AR; OC]; 1893 [RC]
RUCK-KEENE,
Col. Edmund, COLLEC- SCOTT, Revd. E. D. (Queen's College),
TION, 1926 [AR]
[ A W ; (18341) P C ] (Year may
RUCK-KEENE,W., [BC; BC card]
be that in which specimen was shot)
(Not of Col. E. Ruck-Keene Collec- SCOTT, H., P C ] (The data on the
tion: specimens taken from a display
specimen is given as 18-, incomcase which bore this name written in
pletely)
pencil on the back. See notes in the SCOTT, Revd. T. H., [ A m
Accessions Register of Birds, B15659 SCOTT, Mr. (Merton College), 18812
I 882 [OC] (Same specimen)
etc.)

m;

m];

[RC I ~ O I ] ; [RC
ROLLESTON,
Sir Humphry, 1932 [PB]
ROLLESTON,
R., 1876 [OC]
ROLLESTON,
W., 1868 [CCr] (Possibly
referable to Hon. W i l h Rolleston ?)
ROLLESTON, Hon. William. I 871

RUNCIE, Capt. (of Mission Steamer

Eh-),
[c&]
RUSSELL,Gen. Lord Alexander, C.B.,
1903 [RC]; 1917 [PBl
RUSSELL,
Lord Arthur, 1886 [AR]

ROMANES,
G. J., 1893 [AR]
ROOKE,Dr. K. B., 1955 [PB]
ROSE,H., 1866 PC]
Ross, B., [OC]
Ross, B e r w d H., 1863 [CCr] (Entered as from Bernard Row, but the
specimen wascollectedon the Mackenzie Rjver, as also were the specimens
recorded under the name of Bernard
H. Ross); 1864 [AMAz]; WsLz (an
undated reference to the material
recorded in 1864 [AMA2])]; [BC,
including references to B. H. Rose];
cBDI1
Ross, Sir C. W. A. (Christ Church),
[AN
ROTHNEY,G. A. J., 1887 [AR]
ROTHSCHILD,Lord, 1918 [PB]; 1922
CAR]
ROUNDELL,
H. (Christ Church), 1850
[AMAI]; 1858 P C ]
ROWE, Revd. G. T., 1886 [AR; RC
1894, as Revd. J. Rowe, but same
material]
ROWELL,G. A., ~ L z ]
ROWELL,Mr., 1872 W]
ROWLAND,
Dr. H. M., 1869
CCr]
ROWLETT,Mr., P C card]
ROWLEY,Revd. H., PDI]; [RC 1927,
entered in error as Revd. H. Bowley];

1
I

m];

125

APPENDIX I11
SCOTT, Revd. Dr. (Balliol College),
LOCI
SCRNENER,Lieut. E. Levett, 1890
CAR]
SEARLE,
Mr., 1855 [DB]
OF STATE FOR INDIA,
SECRETARY
1883 [AR]; 1931 [PB]; 1932 [PB];
1938 [PBl; I939 [PB]
SELBY, J. P., [AM]; [RC 19271;
[BC]
SELBY,P. J., [AM]; PDI]; [BC]
SENDALL,
Sir Walter, 1889 [AR]
SENDALL,
MR., 1888 [AR]
SHARMAN,
R. (Windsor), 1826 [AM;

pc]

SHARP,S., F.S.A., [CCr]

SHARPE,
Dr. R. Bowdler, 1894 [AR]
SHAW,H. 0. N., 1909 [PB]
SHAW,John L., 1872 p l A ; OC]
SHELFORD,
R., 1900 [RC 19151
SHERLOCK,
Frank, [BC]
SHERLOCK,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
SHIPLEY,A. E., 1892 [AR]
SHIPP,J. W., 1890 [AR]
SHORE,Hon. F. J., [AM]
SHORT,MR., 1845 [AMAI; MsLz]
SHORTT,Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1940 [AR]
SHURLOCK,Mr. (Eynsham), 1852
[DBI
SHUTTLEWORTH,
Revd. Dr., 1836
[RC 1933; BC]
SIBSON,R. B., 1934 [PB]; 1935 [PB]
SIBTHORP,
Dr., [AM]
SIEMENS,
Dr., [CCr]
SILVER,Steven William, COLLECTION,
1906 [AR]
SILVER,Mrs. S. W., 1906 [AR]
SIMMONDS,
Gorge, 1938 [PB]
SIMMS,G., 1887 [PB]
SIMONDS,
Maj. M. H., 1936 ( f) [BC]
SIMPSON,J. J., 1907 [RC 19091 (with
R. Rudnose Brown)
SIMPSON,Mr., 1945 [BC]
SIMS,Mr., Jr., 1952 [RC]
SNEWRICHT,
H. A$, 1884 [AR]
T., 1g01 (f) [BC]; [RC
SLAYMAKER,
19331
SMALL,P. L., 1959 [RC]; 1963 [PB]

INDEX OF DONORS

SMITH, Revd. Frederick J. Jervis,

1885 [AR]; 1907 [AR; CCr]
SMITH, G., 1878 [OC]; 1890 [OC];
1890 [RC 1894, 18961
SMITH, Gerrard (St. John's College),
[AM]
SMITH, Prof. Goldwin, 1870 F A ;
OC]; 1871 WA]; 1872 WA];
1878 F A ] ; 1890 [MA]
SMITH, G. E. (St. John's College),
[AM]
SMITH, G. E., [CCr]
SMITH, Geoffrey W., 1 9 6 [AR];
1907 [RC]; 1908 [AR]; 1916 [PB]
SMITH,G. T. Carley, 1968 [BC]
SMITH,Dr. H., 1876 [RC 19x41
SMITH,H. N. Bowden, 1900 [AR]
SMITH,Josiah, 1859 [CCr]
SMITH,Dr. J. L. B., 1939 [RC 19583
SMITH,Lorraine, 1935 [PB]
SMITH, S. (Christ Church), [AM]
SMITH, Maj., [OC] (Probably =
Maj. Smyth and Lieut.-Col. Smyth)
SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, 1867 PC]; 1893 [RC]; [RC
19161
[OC, of
SMYTH,Maj., 1870
which reftrcnces one at least refers
to a specimen recorded as 1870
[MA]]
SMYTH, Lieut.-Col., [OC] (Probably
= Maj. Smyth)
SNELCROVE,
J., 1933 [PB]
SNOW, Dr. David W., 1949 [PB];
1953 [AR]; 1954 LAP]; 1955 [PB]
SOLLAS,Prof. W. J.; 1898 [AR];

m];

[RC rgro]; 1915 CAR]; 1918 [AR];

1931 [PBl
SOLLAS,
Mrs. W. J., 1919 [AR]; 1927
Mrs.
[AR]. See also MOSELEY,
SOMERSET,W. H. B., 1942 [PB];
S a g
Prof. W., 1917 [AR]
S C ~ # . (Christ Church), [CCr]
SOUTH,J. S. (London), [AM]
SOUTHERN,
H. N., 1952 [PB]; 1957
[PB]; 1962 [PB]
SOUTTAR,MR. J., 1889 [AR]

126

SPENCER, Prof. W. Baldwin, 1891

[AR]; 1893 CAR]; 1895 CAR];
1897 [ARI
SPEYER,E. R., 1914 W D I ; RC]
SPICER,Revd. E. C., 1910 [AR]
SPICER,Revd. W. W., 1877 w L 3 ;
MA]; 1878-9 (MA]; 1879 [MA;
RC 1894; BC]; 1880
1881-2
1881 [OC, as Revd. W. W.
Spicer Collection]; [CCr]
SPOKES,Percy, 1957 [AR]
SQUIRES,Mr., 1957 [PB]
STABLES,W. A., 1878-9 (MA]; 1878
COCI
STACY,C., 1832 P C ] (In view of the
date, possibly an Ash. Mus. Cat.
specimen, but not noted in the Ash.
Mus. Cat. of 1836. The initial may
be in error; if so, as the specimen
is Australian, the donor could be
J. E. Stacy of N. S. Wales)
STACY,Revd. D. G. (New College),
[AM]
STACY,J. E. (N. S. Wales), [AM];
1832 [BC]; [RC 19271
STACY,Maj. S. P. (Calcutta), [ A W ;
1824 PC]; 1830 P D I ; BC]; 1833
P D I ; BC] (These references include
those to S. P. Stacy, Maj. Stacy,
Maj. Stacy Collection, etc., which
also include references linking the
name with Calcutta)
STACY,Maj., [AM]. See STACY,Maj.
S. P. (Both names, Maj. Stacy and
S. P. Stacy are found to have
references to Calcutta, and axe presumed to refer to the same person)
STANHOPE,
Mr., 1850 [DB]
STANIFORTH,T. (Christ Church),
CAM]
STANLEY,
Hon. Guelph, [RC 19671
STANLEY,Hon. W. O., M.P., 1870
[CCrl
Mrs., 1947 [PB]
STANLEY,
STAPLETON,Hon. Mrs., 1903 [RC;
BC]
STEER,Dr., m 3 1
STEERE,Dr., I 864 [RC]

m];

m];

STLERS,Dr., I@ [Rq
S~aveas,Dr. (Rading), [CCr]
STZVENS, Mr., 1846
STEWART,Prof. C., 1880f [RC 18961
STEWART,J. K., [PS]
STEWART,Shaw, 1877 Wj]
STICKWELL,F., 1872 (MA] (= t k
same person as STOCKWELL,
F.,
entries referring to the same S*men. Name in p]is poorly
written and may be intended as
Stockwell, though there is no indication as to which form is the correct

pw

0 4

STOCKWELL,F., 1872 (MA; OC]

(Clearly entered in [OC] as StockW&)

m;

STOKES,J. Marsh?ll, 1878

OC]
STONE,Stephen, ~ L z ]
STONE, S., 1866 [CCr]; 1867 [CCr]
(with James Parker)
STONE,Mrs., 1888 [AR]
STONE,-, COLLECTION, P D I ; BC]
STOTT, F. E., 1934 [PB]
STOWE,Thomas, 1912 [AR]
STRANCWAYS,
S. F. (Christ Church),
[AM]
STRICKLAND,
H. (Oriel Cokge), [AM]
STRICKLAND,
H. E-, 1835 PC]; 1845
[AMAI; AMAz; BC]; [RC 19271
(These entries probably relate to
Strickland, H., of the Ash. Mos.
Cat. of 1836)
STRICKLAND,
J. H. E., [OC] (Possibly
= H. E. Strickland of other en*)
STRICKLAND,
Revd. N. C. (Lincoln
College), [AM, as N. C. Strickland];
PC]
STRUTHERS,Prof. Sir John, 1897
[ARI
STURDY,R. B., 1935 P B ]
STURKEY,Mrs. A&, 1883 [AR]
STURROCK,
Mrs., 1944 [PB]
STURT,H., 1883 [AR]
SUCH, Dr. George (Magdalen Hall),
[AM]; 1830 P D I ; BC]
SUNDARACHARLEE,
Rao Bahadur S. K.,
1924 [AR] (Namegiven utolltouglg

127

APPENDIX I11
SCOTT, Revd. Dr. (Balliol College),
LOCI
SCRNENER,Lieut. E. Levett, 1890
CAR]
SEARLE,
Mr., 1855 [DB]
OF STATE FOR INDIA,
SECRETARY
1883 [AR]; 1931 [PB]; 1932 [PB];
1938 [PBl; I939 [PB]
SELBY, J. P., [AM]; [RC 19271;
[BC]
SELBY,P. J., [AM]; PDI]; [BC]
SENDALL,
Sir Walter, 1889 [AR]
SENDALL,
MR., 1888 [AR]
SHARMAN,
R. (Windsor), 1826 [AM;

pc]

SHARP,S., F.S.A., [CCr]

SHARPE,
Dr. R. Bowdler, 1894 [AR]
SHAW,H. 0. N., 1909 [PB]
SHAW,John L., 1872 p l A ; OC]
SHELFORD,
R., 1900 [RC 19151
SHERLOCK,
Frank, [BC]
SHERLOCK,
Mr., 1851 [DB]
SHIPLEY,A. E., 1892 [AR]
SHIPP,J. W., 1890 [AR]
SHORE,Hon. F. J., [AM]
SHORT,MR., 1845 [AMAI; MsLz]
SHORTT,Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1940 [AR]
SHURLOCK,Mr. (Eynsham), 1852
[DBI
SHUTTLEWORTH,
Revd. Dr., 1836
[RC 1933; BC]
SIBSON,R. B., 1934 [PB]; 1935 [PB]
SIBTHORP,
Dr., [AM]
SIEMENS,
Dr., [CCr]
SILVER,Steven William, COLLECTION,
1906 [AR]
SILVER,Mrs. S. W., 1906 [AR]
SIMMONDS,
Gorge, 1938 [PB]
SIMMS,G., 1887 [PB]
SIMONDS,
Maj. M. H., 1936 ( f) [BC]
SIMPSON,J. J., 1907 [RC 19091 (with
R. Rudnose Brown)
SIMPSON,Mr., 1945 [BC]
SIMS,Mr., Jr., 1952 [RC]
SNEWRICHT,
H. A$, 1884 [AR]
T., 1g01 (f) [BC]; [RC
SLAYMAKER,
19331
SMALL,P. L., 1959 [RC]; 1963 [PB]

INDEX OF DONORS

SMITH, Revd. Frederick J. Jervis,

1885 [AR]; 1907 [AR; CCr]
SMITH, G., 1878 [OC]; 1890 [OC];
1890 [RC 1894, 18961
SMITH, Gerrard (St. John's College),
[AM]
SMITH, Prof. Goldwin, 1870 F A ;
OC]; 1871 WA]; 1872 WA];
1878 F A ] ; 1890 [MA]
SMITH, G. E. (St. John's College),
[AM]
SMITH, G. E., [CCr]
SMITH, Geoffrey W., 1 9 6 [AR];
1907 [RC]; 1908 [AR]; 1916 [PB]
SMITH,G. T. Carley, 1968 [BC]
SMITH,Dr. H., 1876 [RC 19x41
SMITH,H. N. Bowden, 1900 [AR]
SMITH,Josiah, 1859 [CCr]
SMITH,Dr. J. L. B., 1939 [RC 19583
SMITH,Lorraine, 1935 [PB]
SMITH, S. (Christ Church), [AM]
SMITH, Maj., [OC] (Probably =
Maj. Smyth and Lieut.-Col. Smyth)
SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, 1867 PC]; 1893 [RC]; [RC
19161
[OC, of
SMYTH,Maj., 1870
which reftrcnces one at least refers
to a specimen recorded as 1870
[MA]]
SMYTH, Lieut.-Col., [OC] (Probably
= Maj. Smyth)
SNELCROVE,
J., 1933 [PB]
SNOW, Dr. David W., 1949 [PB];
1953 [AR]; 1954 LAP]; 1955 [PB]
SOLLAS,Prof. W. J.; 1898 [AR];

m];

[RC rgro]; 1915 CAR]; 1918 [AR];

1931 [PBl
SOLLAS,
Mrs. W. J., 1919 [AR]; 1927
Mrs.
[AR]. See also MOSELEY,
SOMERSET,W. H. B., 1942 [PB];
S a g
Prof. W., 1917 [AR]
S C ~ # . (Christ Church), [CCr]
SOUTH,J. S. (London), [AM]
SOUTHERN,
H. N., 1952 [PB]; 1957
[PB]; 1962 [PB]
SOUTTAR,MR. J., 1889 [AR]

126

SPENCER, Prof. W. Baldwin, 1891

[AR]; 1893 CAR]; 1895 CAR];
1897 [ARI
SPEYER,E. R., 1914 W D I ; RC]
SPICER,Revd. E. C., 1910 [AR]
SPICER,Revd. W. W., 1877 w L 3 ;
MA]; 1878-9 (MA]; 1879 [MA;
RC 1894; BC]; 1880
1881-2
1881 [OC, as Revd. W. W.
Spicer Collection]; [CCr]
SPOKES,Percy, 1957 [AR]
SQUIRES,Mr., 1957 [PB]
STABLES,W. A., 1878-9 (MA]; 1878
COCI
STACY,C., 1832 P C ] (In view of the
date, possibly an Ash. Mus. Cat.
specimen, but not noted in the Ash.
Mus. Cat. of 1836. The initial may
be in error; if so, as the specimen
is Australian, the donor could be
J. E. Stacy of N. S. Wales)
STACY,Revd. D. G. (New College),
[AM]
STACY,J. E. (N. S. Wales), [AM];
1832 [BC]; [RC 19271
STACY,Maj. S. P. (Calcutta), [ A W ;
1824 PC]; 1830 P D I ; BC]; 1833
P D I ; BC] (These references include
those to S. P. Stacy, Maj. Stacy,
Maj. Stacy Collection, etc., which
also include references linking the
name with Calcutta)
STACY,Maj., [AM]. See STACY,Maj.
S. P. (Both names, Maj. Stacy and
S. P. Stacy are found to have
references to Calcutta, and axe presumed to refer to the same person)
STANHOPE,
Mr., 1850 [DB]
STANIFORTH,T. (Christ Church),
CAM]
STANLEY,
Hon. Guelph, [RC 19671
STANLEY,Hon. W. O., M.P., 1870
[CCrl
Mrs., 1947 [PB]
STANLEY,
STAPLETON,Hon. Mrs., 1903 [RC;
BC]
STEER,Dr., m 3 1
STEERE,Dr., I 864 [RC]

m];

m];

STLERS,Dr., I@ [Rq
S~aveas,Dr. (Rading), [CCr]
STZVENS, Mr., 1846
STEWART,Prof. C., 1880f [RC 18961
STEWART,J. K., [PS]
STEWART,Shaw, 1877 Wj]
STICKWELL,F., 1872 (MA] (= t k
same person as STOCKWELL,
F.,
entries referring to the same S*men. Name in p]is poorly
written and may be intended as
Stockwell, though there is no indication as to which form is the correct

pw

0 4

STOCKWELL,F., 1872 (MA; OC]

(Clearly entered in [OC] as StockW&)

m;

STOKES,J. Marsh?ll, 1878

OC]
STONE,Stephen, ~ L z ]
STONE, S., 1866 [CCr]; 1867 [CCr]
(with James Parker)
STONE,Mrs., 1888 [AR]
STONE,-, COLLECTION, P D I ; BC]
STOTT, F. E., 1934 [PB]
STOWE,Thomas, 1912 [AR]
STRANCWAYS,
S. F. (Christ Church),
[AM]
STRICKLAND,
H. (Oriel Cokge), [AM]
STRICKLAND,
H. E-, 1835 PC]; 1845
[AMAI; AMAz; BC]; [RC 19271
(These entries probably relate to
Strickland, H., of the Ash. Mos.
Cat. of 1836)
STRICKLAND,
J. H. E., [OC] (Possibly
= H. E. Strickland of other en*)
STRICKLAND,
Revd. N. C. (Lincoln
College), [AM, as N. C. Strickland];
PC]
STRUTHERS,Prof. Sir John, 1897
[ARI
STURDY,R. B., 1935 P B ]
STURKEY,Mrs. A&, 1883 [AR]
STURROCK,
Mrs., 1944 [PB]
STURT,H., 1883 [AR]
SUCH, Dr. George (Magdalen Hall),
[AM]; 1830 P D I ; BC]
SUNDARACHARLEE,
Rao Bahadur S. K.,
1924 [AR] (Namegiven utolltouglg

127

A P P E N D I X 111

SUNDARACHARLEE,
Rao Bahadur (cont.)
(?) in Annual Report as Sundaracharbu, in [PB] as Sundaracharlu;
the form Sundaracharlee is used in
[MDI] as compiled from data label
on specimens)
SURRAGE,
C. H., 1899 [PB]
SUTHERLAND,
the Duke of, 1878 [OC]
SUTTON,William D., 1881 W D I ]
SWAN,J. (Eynaham), 1839 WsLz] ( =
SWANN,
J.)
SWANN,
H. (Eynsham, Oxon.), [AM];
[RC 1933; BC, refs. to A M specimen] (Date is possibly 1832, the
year when the specimen was shot)
SWANN,J. (Eynsham), [AM]; 1839
[AMAI; MsLz, as J. Swan; BC]
SWANN,
W. (Eynsham, Oxon.), [AM;
BC]
SWINHOE,Col. Charles, COLLECTION,
1879 W A ; OC]; 1880 M];
1880-1 WA]; 1881 W A ; OC];
[CCr]; [RC 18961 (references to
Swinhoe Collection); 1890 [AR]
(as Col. Swinhce)
SWINHOE,Col., 1890 [AR] (Presumably Col. Charles Swinhce)
SWYNNERTON,
G. H., 1936 [PB]
SYYMONS,
F., 1875 [RC]
SYMONDS,
Frederick, 1848 [DM]
SYMONDS,
Capt., R.N., [AM]
Mr., 1853 [DB]; 1854 [DB]
SYMONDS,

TEBB,
Mrs., 1901 [PB]
TEBBLE,
Dr. N., 1954 [PB]
TELBUTT,
C. F., 1936 [PB]
TELPER,
G., 1950 [PB]
TEMPLE,
Sir R. C., 1911 [AR]
TERRY,
F. W., 1936 [BC]
THALDERS,
Mr., 1874 W A ]
THANE,
Prof., 1893 [AR]
THAYER,
Abbott H., 1898 [PB]
THISTLE,
W. G., 1880 [EO; CCr]
THOMAS,
Dr. Arthur W., 190s [AR,
as Dr. Arthur Thomas; CCr]
THOMAS,
A. P. W., 1896 [PB]
THOMAS,
Mrs. F. W., 1933 [PB];
1939 [PBl
THOMAS,
Miss H., 1927 [AR]
THOMAS,
Miss I. G., 1936 (?) [BC]
THOMAS,
Maj. R. H., 1936 [AR 19371
THOMW,
Mr., ~ g r oW D I ]
THOMPSON,
Prof. d'Arcy, 1893 [RC];
1894 [RC]
THOYPSON,
Lieut. H., [RC 19491
THOMPSON,
J. Barclay, 1879 [MA;
OC]
THOMPSON,
W. A., [RC 18991
THOMSON,
Prof. A. J., 1909 [AR]
THOMSON,
James, 1880 [OCJ
THOMSON,
Dr., fCr]
THORNEWILL,
Revd. C. F., Executors
of, 1930 CAR]
THORNHILL,
Capt., [OC]
THORPE,
Surg. V. G., R.N. (H.M.S.
Pmpin), 1900 [PB]; [CCr]
TALMAGE,
Dr. J. E., 1897 [AR]
THURNAM,
Dr. John, 1860 [CCr]
TAME,
Miss P. C., 1952 [PB]
THURSBY,
Mrs., 1900 [AR]
TANCRED,
T. (Merton College), 1838 THURSTON,
E., 1900 [PB]; 1904 [AR]
[AMAr; AMAz; M L z ; BC]
THWAITES,
G. H. K., 1877 [OC];
TANKERVILLE,
the Earl of, 1875 [OC]
1878 W A ]
TAWNEY,
C. (Oxford), [AM]
TICKNER,
G., 1918 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
TAYLOR,
Mrs. Dilmot, 1938 [AR]
1932 CAR]; 1933 [PBl; 1934 [PB];
TAYLOR,
Ernest, 1968 [PB]
1938 [PBl
TAYLOR,
Miss J., 1935 [PB]
TIDDEMR. H., F.G.S., 1906 (?)
TAYLOR,
Dr. Michael, 1880 [EO]
[ R d h 1909 0)[RC 19561
TAYLOR,
Philip, 1969 [PB]; 1967 TILL,
M
lice, 1918 [AR]
[RC]
+
T~BERG
Dr.
EN
N., , 1965 [PB]
TAYLOR,
Mrs. R. G:, 1933 [PB];
TIRMRI,
Mrs. Nasima, 1958 [AR]
TITCHENER,
Edward Bradfield, 1890
I935 W]; 1936 [PBl
TAYLOR,
W. W., 1908 [AR]
[AR]; COLLECTION, 1939 [AR]
I 28

I N D E X OF DONORS

TODD,
Miss V., 1945 [PB]
[PB]; 1938 [PBl; I939 [PBli
TOMLIN,
J. C. R. B., 1917 [AR]
1947 [PBl; 1950 [PBl
TUCKETT,
I. T., 1887 [PB]
TOMLINSON,
Walter, I 889 [AR]
TOMPKINS,
Dr. (Abingdon, Berks.), TULLIS,
R., 1934 [PB]
TUPMAN,
Capt., 1876 [CCr]
CAM1
TURNER,
Mrs. D., 1931 [PB]
TOPPIN,
Mrs., 1904 [AR]
TURNER,
G. E. S., 1930 [AR]; 1933
TORDAY,
Emil, 1919 [AR]
TORONTO,
University of, 1914 [AR];
[PB]; 1952 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
1968 [PB]
1915 [AR, by Dr. W. Harkness]
TOWNSHEND,
Mr. R. B. (Wadham TURNER,
H. N., Junr, 1851 [on evidence of a filed letter of that date from
College), 1903 [AR, in which name is
given as Mr. Townsend] ([PB]
Henry N. Turner to Dr. I. A. Ogle
gives Towashend, the initials appearconcerning 'the anatomical prep=ing to be R. B., but badly written;
tions of my late son']. (COLLECT~ON)
[RC] gives name as R. B. Townshend)
(The relevant catalogue of the
Collection is inscribed in ink 'H. N.
TRADESCANT
MUSEUM,[AM; OC]
Turner Junr Nov. 1846', and bean
TRANCHANT,
R. S., 1968 [RC]
pencil notes 'Dr. Ogle, St. G i b St.
TRANSIT
OF VENUSEXPEDITION,
1876
[MA; OC]; I 877 W];1881 W].
Oxford' and 'Catalogue of Mr.
See a h GULLIVER,
George
Turner's Collection'. Catalogue lists
TRAQUAIR,
Dr., 1893 [AR]; [RC
Osteological preps. of Mammalia &
Birds which do not appear to relate
18941; 1897 [ARI
TREACHER,
W. H., COLLECTION, 1878
to the entries listed under TURNER
COLLECTION)
P D I ; BC; OC; RC]
TREMLYAN,
E. J., 1903 [PB]
TURNER,
Williim, M.B. (Surgeon),
[PS]
TREVELYAN,
Sir Walter, Bart., 1848
TURNER,
Lieut., 1885 [AR]
[DM] (= Sir Waltu C. Trevelyan)
TREVELYAN,
Sir Walter Calverley, TURNER,
Prof., F.R.S., 1874 W;
Bart., 1848 [DM]j COLLECTION,
PS]j 1880 [MA; OC]
1874-5 W A ] ; 1874 [OC]j 1879 TURNER,
-, COLLECTION, 1846 [RC
rg~o]; 1869 M]; 1872 M l i
[MDI; RC 18943
TREVELYAN,
Mr., 1858 [DB]
1874 [MA]; 1878-9 W]; 1879
TRIEST,
W. Meterier, [AM]
[OC]j [RC 18961; [OC]; [PS].
TRIM,
Henry, 1895 P C ] ; [RC rgj3];
(The foregoing refences do not
appear to relate to H. N. Turner
I934 P I ; 1935 [PBl
material or to the material listed
TRIMNELL,
H. C., 1943 [PB]
under Prof. Turner)
TRINITY COLLEGE,Revd. the PrcsiLieut.-Col. W. H., COLLECdent of, 1846 [AMAI]. See WILSON, TURTON,
TION,
1910 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
Revd. Dr.
TRISTUAM,
Revd. Canon, 1879 [RC
1947 WDI]; 1955 [AR 1956, a
collection of duplicates, see CLIFTON
1894, 18991
COLLEGE]
TROTMAN, P. A., 1924 [RC]; 1936
[RC]; 1937 [RC]; 1948 [PBI; TURVEY,
Mm., 1937 ( ?) CBCI
19561 PB; [1968 [PB]
TYRRHWITT,
Revd. Beauchamp St.
John, 1870 [CCr]
TROYTE,
Mr. ( ?), 1855 [DB]
TUCKER,
Bernard W., 1927 [AR];
ULPSTRAND,
S., 1960 [PB]
1929 [AR]; I930 [PB]; 1931 [RC];
G. E., 1911 [AR]
1933 [AR]; 1936 [RC 19373; 1937 UNDERHILL,
I 29

A P P E N D I X 111

SUNDARACHARLEE,
Rao Bahadur (cont.)
(?) in Annual Report as Sundaracharbu, in [PB] as Sundaracharlu;
the form Sundaracharlee is used in
[MDI] as compiled from data label
on specimens)
SURRAGE,
C. H., 1899 [PB]
SUTHERLAND,
the Duke of, 1878 [OC]
SUTTON,William D., 1881 W D I ]
SWAN,J. (Eynaham), 1839 WsLz] ( =
SWANN,
J.)
SWANN,
H. (Eynsham, Oxon.), [AM];
[RC 1933; BC, refs. to A M specimen] (Date is possibly 1832, the
year when the specimen was shot)
SWANN,J. (Eynsham), [AM]; 1839
[AMAI; MsLz, as J. Swan; BC]
SWANN,
W. (Eynsham, Oxon.), [AM;
BC]
SWINHOE,Col. Charles, COLLECTION,
1879 W A ; OC]; 1880 M];
1880-1 WA]; 1881 W A ; OC];
[CCr]; [RC 18961 (references to
Swinhoe Collection); 1890 [AR]
(as Col. Swinhce)
SWINHOE,Col., 1890 [AR] (Presumably Col. Charles Swinhce)
SWYNNERTON,
G. H., 1936 [PB]
SYYMONS,
F., 1875 [RC]
SYMONDS,
Frederick, 1848 [DM]
SYMONDS,
Capt., R.N., [AM]
Mr., 1853 [DB]; 1854 [DB]
SYMONDS,

TEBB,
Mrs., 1901 [PB]
TEBBLE,
Dr. N., 1954 [PB]
TELBUTT,
C. F., 1936 [PB]
TELPER,
G., 1950 [PB]
TEMPLE,
Sir R. C., 1911 [AR]
TERRY,
F. W., 1936 [BC]
THALDERS,
Mr., 1874 W A ]
THANE,
Prof., 1893 [AR]
THAYER,
Abbott H., 1898 [PB]
THISTLE,
W. G., 1880 [EO; CCr]
THOMAS,
Dr. Arthur W., 190s [AR,
as Dr. Arthur Thomas; CCr]
THOMAS,
A. P. W., 1896 [PB]
THOMAS,
Mrs. F. W., 1933 [PB];
1939 [PBl
THOMAS,
Miss H., 1927 [AR]
THOMAS,
Miss I. G., 1936 (?) [BC]
THOMAS,
Maj. R. H., 1936 [AR 19371
THOMW,
Mr., ~ g r oW D I ]
THOMPSON,
Prof. d'Arcy, 1893 [RC];
1894 [RC]
THOYPSON,
Lieut. H., [RC 19491
THOMPSON,
J. Barclay, 1879 [MA;
OC]
THOMPSON,
W. A., [RC 18991
THOMSON,
Prof. A. J., 1909 [AR]
THOMSON,
James, 1880 [OCJ
THOMSON,
Dr., fCr]
THORNEWILL,
Revd. C. F., Executors
of, 1930 CAR]
THORNHILL,
Capt., [OC]
THORPE,
Surg. V. G., R.N. (H.M.S.
Pmpin), 1900 [PB]; [CCr]
TALMAGE,
Dr. J. E., 1897 [AR]
THURNAM,
Dr. John, 1860 [CCr]
TAME,
Miss P. C., 1952 [PB]
THURSBY,
Mrs., 1900 [AR]
TANCRED,
T. (Merton College), 1838 THURSTON,
E., 1900 [PB]; 1904 [AR]
[AMAr; AMAz; M L z ; BC]
THWAITES,
G. H. K., 1877 [OC];
TANKERVILLE,
the Earl of, 1875 [OC]
1878 W A ]
TAWNEY,
C. (Oxford), [AM]
TICKNER,
G., 1918 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
TAYLOR,
Mrs. Dilmot, 1938 [AR]
1932 CAR]; 1933 [PBl; 1934 [PB];
TAYLOR,
Ernest, 1968 [PB]
1938 [PBl
TAYLOR,
Miss J., 1935 [PB]
TIDDEMR. H., F.G.S., 1906 (?)
TAYLOR,
Dr. Michael, 1880 [EO]
[ R d h 1909 0)[RC 19561
TAYLOR,
Philip, 1969 [PB]; 1967 TILL,
M
lice, 1918 [AR]
[RC]
+
T~BERG
Dr.
EN
N., , 1965 [PB]
TAYLOR,
Mrs. R. G:, 1933 [PB];
TIRMRI,
Mrs. Nasima, 1958 [AR]
TITCHENER,
Edward Bradfield, 1890
I935 W]; 1936 [PBl
TAYLOR,
W. W., 1908 [AR]
[AR]; COLLECTION, 1939 [AR]
I 28

I N D E X OF DONORS

TODD,
Miss V., 1945 [PB]
[PB]; 1938 [PBl; I939 [PBli
TOMLIN,
J. C. R. B., 1917 [AR]
1947 [PBl; 1950 [PBl
TUCKETT,
I. T., 1887 [PB]
TOMLINSON,
Walter, I 889 [AR]
TOMPKINS,
Dr. (Abingdon, Berks.), TULLIS,
R., 1934 [PB]
TUPMAN,
Capt., 1876 [CCr]
CAM1
TURNER,
Mrs. D., 1931 [PB]
TOPPIN,
Mrs., 1904 [AR]
TURNER,
G. E. S., 1930 [AR]; 1933
TORDAY,
Emil, 1919 [AR]
TORONTO,
University of, 1914 [AR];
[PB]; 1952 [PB]; 1966 [PB];
1968 [PB]
1915 [AR, by Dr. W. Harkness]
TOWNSHEND,
Mr. R. B. (Wadham TURNER,
H. N., Junr, 1851 [on evidence of a filed letter of that date from
College), 1903 [AR, in which name is
given as Mr. Townsend] ([PB]
Henry N. Turner to Dr. I. A. Ogle
gives Towashend, the initials appearconcerning 'the anatomical prep=ing to be R. B., but badly written;
tions of my late son']. (COLLECT~ON)
[RC] gives name as R. B. Townshend)
(The relevant catalogue of the
Collection is inscribed in ink 'H. N.
TRADESCANT
MUSEUM,[AM; OC]
Turner Junr Nov. 1846', and bean
TRANCHANT,
R. S., 1968 [RC]
pencil notes 'Dr. Ogle, St. G i b St.
TRANSIT
OF VENUSEXPEDITION,
1876
[MA; OC]; I 877 W];1881 W].
Oxford' and 'Catalogue of Mr.
See a h GULLIVER,
George
Turner's Collection'. Catalogue lists
TRAQUAIR,
Dr., 1893 [AR]; [RC
Osteological preps. of Mammalia &
Birds which do not appear to relate
18941; 1897 [ARI
TREACHER,
W. H., COLLECTION, 1878
to the entries listed under TURNER
COLLECTION)
P D I ; BC; OC; RC]
TREMLYAN,
E. J., 1903 [PB]
TURNER,
Williim, M.B. (Surgeon),
[PS]
TREVELYAN,
Sir Walter, Bart., 1848
TURNER,
Lieut., 1885 [AR]
[DM] (= Sir Waltu C. Trevelyan)
TREVELYAN,
Sir Walter Calverley, TURNER,
Prof., F.R.S., 1874 W;
Bart., 1848 [DM]j COLLECTION,
PS]j 1880 [MA; OC]
1874-5 W A ] ; 1874 [OC]j 1879 TURNER,
-, COLLECTION, 1846 [RC
rg~o]; 1869 M]; 1872 M l i
[MDI; RC 18943
TREVELYAN,
Mr., 1858 [DB]
1874 [MA]; 1878-9 W]; 1879
TRIEST,
W. Meterier, [AM]
[OC]j [RC 18961; [OC]; [PS].
TRIM,
Henry, 1895 P C ] ; [RC rgj3];
(The foregoing refences do not
appear to relate to H. N. Turner
I934 P I ; 1935 [PBl
material or to the material listed
TRIMNELL,
H. C., 1943 [PB]
under Prof. Turner)
TRINITY COLLEGE,Revd. the PrcsiLieut.-Col. W. H., COLLECdent of, 1846 [AMAI]. See WILSON, TURTON,
TION,
1910 [AR]; 1931 [AR];
Revd. Dr.
TRISTUAM,
Revd. Canon, 1879 [RC
1947 WDI]; 1955 [AR 1956, a
collection of duplicates, see CLIFTON
1894, 18991
COLLEGE]
TROTMAN, P. A., 1924 [RC]; 1936
[RC]; 1937 [RC]; 1948 [PBI; TURVEY,
Mm., 1937 ( ?) CBCI
19561 PB; [1968 [PB]
TYRRHWITT,
Revd. Beauchamp St.
John, 1870 [CCr]
TROYTE,
Mr. ( ?), 1855 [DB]
TUCKER,
Bernard W., 1927 [AR];
ULPSTRAND,
S., 1960 [PB]
1929 [AR]; I930 [PB]; 1931 [RC];
G. E., 1911 [AR]
1933 [AR]; 1936 [RC 19373; 1937 UNDERHILL,
I 29