Detailed Lesson Plan in Science

I.

Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Define thermal expansion;
B. Infer that objects change size with changes in temperature;
C. Describe linear expansion both qualitatively and quantitatively; and
D. Solve problems involving linear expansion.

II.

Subject Matter
A. Topic: Thermal Expansion
Sub-topic: Types of Thermal Expansion Linear Expansion
B. Instructional Materials: laptop, projector, cartolina, white board marker
C. References: Fundamentals of Physics- 10th Edition by Halliday and Resnick
Physics- Principles with Applications by Giancoli
Physics for Scientist and Engineers with Modern Physics by
Serway and Jewett

III.

Learning Procedures
Teachers Activity

Students Activity

A. Opening Prayer
Let us all stand. Anyone who would

(Students stand and pray.)

like to lead the prayer? Yes____.

B. Greetings
Good Afternoon, class!

Good Afternoon Sir.

C. Checking of Classroom Cleanliness

and Orderliness
Okay, before you take your seat, kindly

Okay, Sir.

pick up the pieces of paper under your

chairs, if there are any. Arrange your
chairs as well.
D. Checking of Attendance
By the way, ___ , are there any
absentees for today?

None, Sir!

Very good!
E. Review of the Past Lesson
So class, last time we discussed about

Sir, temperature refers to degree or

temperature and temperature scales.

intensity of heat present in a

Again, what is a temperature?

substance or object.

Very good. Thats correct! Or to put it

Sir, a thermometer is a device that is

in simple terms is the measure of how

designed to measure temperature.

hot or cold an object is. What about a

thermometer?

Exactly! Last time, we as well discussed

Sir, the two temperature scales are

the two temperature scales. Anyone who

Celsius and Fahrenheit.

would like to give the two scales?

Thats correct. What is the difference

Sir, Celsius is a temperature scale

between the two?

named after Anders Celsius. This

temperature scale is the most
common scale used today.
Fahrenheit, on the other hand was
named after Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit and this scale is common
in the United States of America

That is right! Last time we were as well

(The students will clap)

able to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit and

vice versa. Very good class! It seems
that you really did understand our
previous topic. For that, give yourselves
a GOODJOB CLAP!
F. Motivation
We are now going to proceed to the
next topic. But before that, lets first
have a game. Are you all excited?

Yes, Sir.

Okay! Our game for this afternoon is

Yes, Sir!

called FACT or BLUFF. I am going to

divide the class into 4 groups. Each
group will be given 2 signage, one with
the word FACT and the other with the
word BLUFF. I will be posting
statements on the board. If your group
believe the statement is true, raise the
FACT signage if not then raise the other
signage. The group that will be able to
raise the correct signage for each item
will have a point. The group that will
earn the most number of points will be
declared as the winner. However, the
group with the least number of points
will have to face the consequence later
before we end the class. Are we clear on
that?
Okay. Very good! Now count off 1-5.

(Students will count off)

(The teacher will instruct where in the

classroom the students will stay.)
Now, go to your respective stations
quietly.

(The class plays the game.)

STATEMENTS:
Most solid materials contract upon
heating and expand when cooled.
BLUFF

Thermal expansion refers to the

tendency of matter to change in length,
area, and volume in response to a change
in temperature through heat transfer.
FACT

Yes, Sir!

The change in the length of almost all

solids is directly proportional to the
change in temperature, as long as the
change in temp is not too large. FACT

The extent to which a material expands

upon heating is the same for all
materials. BLUFF

Fine ceramics have higher coefficients of

expansion compared to those of metallic
materials. BLUFF

G. Presentation
All of you here would probably agree

Yes, Sir!

that it is summer already. Can you

already feel the summer heat?
Okay. Now, who among would like to

(Students will raise their hands)

go swimming?
Me too! However, that is not what we

Sir, maybe because they expand!

are going to discuss for today. During

(Answer may vary)

seasons like this, there are actually

changes that happen to most objects.
Take a look at this pictures. Why is there
a need for a gap in railway tracks? What
about the expansion joints in bridges?
Why are electrical wires left hanging
low during summer? Anyone?

Okay! Correct. All this can be

explained by what we call THERMAL
EXPANSION. And that is what we are
going to discuss for today.
Now, what is thermal expansion?

Thermal expansion is tendency of

Anyone who would like to read? Yes

matter to change length, area,

and volume in response to a change
in temperature through heat transfer.

Thank you. So, when we speak of

Sir, it means to increase in size or

thermal expansion, from the term itself,

number.

what do we mean by expand?

Correct! Or to become larger or more

extensive. But what would become
larger or more extensive? It could either
be the length, area or volume of an
object. And what would bring such
change?

Sir, the change in temperature!

Okay. Very good! But the question is

Sir because, if the temperature is

why would a change in temperature

changed, it will cause the atoms to

cause an expansion in an object?

move faster!

Okay! Thank you. Thats correct.

Thermal expansion is the

Remember that temperature is also

consequence of the change in the

defined as the average kinetic energy of

average separation between the atoms

molecules in a substance. This means

in an object.

that if we heat something up, thereby

increasing the temperature, the

At higher temps, objects have higher

molecules will move faster. Molecules

average kinetic energy, so the

that move faster tend to take up more

particles vibrate more.

space that is why materials expand when

heated and contracts when cooled. This

At higher levels of vibration, the

is the reason why thermal expansion is

particles arent bound as tightly to

also defined as, please read..

each other, so the object expands.

Okay. Do you have questions so far?

None, sir!

Very good. Now, there are three types

Sir, linear expansion is a type of

of thermal expansion. Today, we are

thermal expansion that involves

going to discuss the first type which is

change in one-dimension (length).

Linear Expansion. What is Linear

Expansion? Anyone who would like to
read?
Thank you. So, in linear expansion,

Sir, it is experienced by long but

what you need to remember, is that the

narrow materials like wires

length is the dimension that changes.

The material becomes longer or shorter.
Therefore, what types of material
experiences linear expansion?
Very good! Another
Thats correct. So again, what you need
to remember is that if the material is

Sir, rods and cables.

long and narrow, it experiences the first

type of expansion. Okay?
Now, experiments indicate that the

Sir, it means that an increase in one

change in length of almost all solids is

variable will mean an increase in the

directly proportional to the change in

other and vice versa.

temperature as long as
is not too large. What does it mean when
there is a direct relationship between two
factors?
Very good. Therefore, an if we increase

Sir, it would also increase.

the temp, what would happen to the

length?
That is correct! The change in length
with temperature for a solid material can
be expressed mathematically as:
=
Where:
l is change in length
lo is initial length
is coefficient of expansion (K-1 or
Co -1) constant and depend on the
material
T is change in temperature (K or
Co)
What does this equation mean? It

None, Sir!

means that The value of L depends on

the original length (Lo) at the original
temperature (To), the temperature to
which it is heated (T) and the coefficient
of linear expansion (). Okay? Do you
have questions?
Very good! Now lets try one problem.

Sir, =

Steel train rails are laid in 12.0 m long

segments placed end-to-end. The rails are
laid on a winter day when their
temperature is -2.0oC. How much space
must be left between adjacent rails if they
are just to touch on a summer day when
their temperature is 33.0oC? [ steel =
1.1x10-5 / oC]
Lets first identify the given values..
lo = 12 m
To = 4 o C
T = 33 o C
steel = 1.1x10-6 / oC
We are asked to find the .
What again is the equation for linear
expansion?
Very good! Now, substituting the given
values to the equation..
=
= (12 )(1.1x105 / oC)(330 + 20 )

= (12 )(1.1x105 / oC)(350 )

= .

Do you have questions?

None, Sir!

Now, I have another sample problem.

Sir, The steel bed of a suspension

Anyone who would like to read?

bridge is 200 m long at 20C. If the

extremes of temperature to which it
might be exposed are 30 0 C and +
40 0 C, how much will it contract and
expand?

Okay, you are going to answer this by

(The students will answer the

group. For the first 2 groups, compute for

problem.)

the change in length if the temp becomes

30 0 C, then for the 3rd and 4th groups
for the +40 o C. Indicate whether the steel

bed would contract or expand. You have

7 minutes to answer this.
Are all groups done?

Yes, Sir!

Okay, Group 1 and Group 4, choose

(The students will write and explain

your representatives who will write and

their answers on the board)

discuss your answer on the board.

A. Given: l0 = 200 m
T0 = 20C
T = -30C
steel = 1.1x10-6 / oC
Find:
Equation: =
Solution:
=
= (200 )(1.2x106 / oC)(300
200 )

= (200)(1.2x106 / oC)(500 )
= .
!

B. Given: l0 = 200 m

T0 = 20C
T = 40C
steel = 1.1x10-6 / oC
Find:
Equation: =
Solution:
=
= (200 )(1.2x106 / oC)(400
200 )

= (200)(1.2x106 / oC)(200 )
= .
!

H. Generalization
Okay, again class, what is thermal

Sir, thermal expansion refers to the

expansion?

change in length, area or volume of

an object due to the change in
temperature.

Very good! That is correct. What about

Sir, linear expansion is the type of

linear expansion?

thermal expansion that involves the

change in length of long but narrow

materials.
That is right! Thanks. Now, how are we

Sir, =

going to describe linear expansion

mathematically?
Very good! That is correct. Class, are

None, Sir!

there still points of clarification on this

topic?
Very good! It seems that you really did
understand our lesson for today! For that

(The students will do the fireworks

clap)

five yourselves a fireworks clap!

IV.

Evaluation
Solve the problems systematically.
1. A metal rod is 200.00 cm long at 0C and 200.18 cm long at 60C. What is its
coefficient of linear expansion?
2. A vertical steel antenna tower is 200 m high. Calculate the change in height of the
tower that takes place when the temperature changes from -20 C on a winter day to 30
C on a summer day.

V.

Agreement
Answer the following questions:
1. What is area expansion?
2. How is area expansion described mathematically?