1059997_1004.

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Page 738
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1059997_1004.qxp
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3:51
PM
Page 738
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1059997_1004.qxp 9/2/08 3:51 PM Page 738

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CAPTULO
Cnicas,
ecuaciones
paramtricas
coordenadas
polares
Chapter 10 10 Conics,
Parametric
Equations,
and yPolar
Coordinates
Chapter
10
Conics,
Parametric
Equations,
and
Polar
Coordinates
Chapter 10
10 Conics,
Conics, Parametric
Parametric Equations,
Equations, and
and Polar
Polar Coordinates
Coordinates
Chapter
Chapter
10
Conics,
Parametric
Equations,
and
Polar
Coordinates
Chapter 10 Conics, Parametric Equations, and Polar Coordinates

Exercises
Seewww.CalcChat.com
www.CalcChat.comfor
forworked-out
worked-outsolutions
solutionstotoodd-numbered
odd-numberedexercises.
exercises.
10.4 Exercises
Ejercicios See
10.4
See
10.4
www.CalcChat.com
for
worked-out
solutions
to
odd-numbered
exercises.
See www.CalcChat.com
www.CalcChat.com for
for worked-out
worked-out solutions
solutions to
to odd-numbered
odd-numbered exercises.
exercises.
10.4
Exercises See
See
www.CalcChat.com
for
worked-out
solutions
to
odd-numbered
exercises.
10.4 Exercises See www.CalcChat.com for worked-out solutionsc)to odd-numbered exercises.
En los ejercicios 1 a 6, representar grficamente el punto dado

In Exercises 1 6, plot the point in polar coordinates and find

In
Exercises
1
6,
plot
the
point
in
polar
coordinates
and
find
In
Exercises
16,
6,
plot
the
pointcoordinates
in polar
polar
coordinates
and find
find
en
coordenadas
polares
y hallar
las
coordenadas
In
1
plot
the
point
in
coordinates
and
In
Exercises
1
6,
plot
the
point
in
polar
coordinates
and
find
theExercises
corresponding
rectangular
for therectangulares
point.
the
corresponding
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
point.
the
corresponding
rectangular
coordinates
for the
the point.
point.
correspondientes.
In corresponding
Exercises
1 6, rectangular
plot the point
in polar coordinates
and find
the
coordinates
for
the
corresponding
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
point.
1. corresponding
2. s22,
s8,8,ppy2
y2d
22, 5pp
y3the
d point.
the
rectangular coordinates
for
1.
2.
y3
1.
2.
8,
p
y2
22,
p
y3
1. sssss8,
2. sssss22,
8, p
py2
y2ddddd
22, 55555p
py3
y3ddddd
1.
2.
1.
2.
8,
p
y2
22,
p
y3
3. s24, 23py4d
4. s0, 27py6d
27
p
y6
3.
4.
p
y4
1. ssss24,
2. ss0,
s24,
8, p23
y2
22,
y3ddddd
s0,
24,
23dp
py4
y4dddd
0,
275p
ppy6
y6
3.
4.
27
3.
4.
24,
23
p
y4
27
p
y6
3.
4.
!2,23
5.
6. sss0,
2.36
23,
21.57
d
s23,
s
d
!
5.
6.
2,
2.36
21.57
s
d
s24,
23ddp
s23,
0, 27
py6dddddd
3. ss!
4. ssss23,
5.
6.
2,
2.36
21.57
!
5.
6.
2, 2.36
2.36
23,
21.57
!
5.
6.
2,
21.57
5.
6.
2,
2.36
23,
21.57
s!
d y4d

(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)

d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)
(d)

2
22
2222
2

0
1

In5.Exercises
Exercises
710,
use
the
anglela
feature
of21.57
a graphing
graphing
utility
to
6.
2, 2.36710,
d de una
s23,
s!ejercicios
d 7 ause
ngulo
herraEn
los
10,the
emplear
funcin
In
use
the
angle
feature
of
utility
to
In
Exercises
710,
angle
feature
of
graphing
utility
to
In
Exercises
710, use
use coordinates
the angle
angle feature
feature
of aaapoint
a graphing
graphing
utility
to
In
Exercises
710,
the
of
utility
to
In
Exercises
710,
use
the
angle
feature
of
a
graphing
utility
to
find
the
rectangular
for
the
given
in
polar
mienta
derectangular
graficacin para
encontrar
lasthe
coordenadas
rectangulafind
the
coordinates
for
point
given
in
polar
find
the rectangular
rectangular
coordinates
for the
theofpoint
point
given in
in
polar
In del
Exercises
710,
use
the angle feature
a graphing
utility
to
find
the
coordinates
for
given
polar
find
the
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
point
given
in
polar
coordinates.
Plot
the
point.
res
punto
dadothe
en
coordenadas
polares.
Representar
grficacoordinates.
Plot
point.
coordinates.
Plot the
the point.
point.
find
the
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
point
given
in
polar
coordinates.
Plot
coordinates.
Plot
the
point.
5 22 sin
sin
5 44 cos
cos 22uu
23.
24.
sen uu
mente el punto.
23. rrr5
24. rrr5
5
5
23.
24.
sin
cos
7. ss7,7,55ppy4
8. ss22,
y4ddPlot the point.
22,11
11ppy6
y6dd
coordinates.
23.
24.
rrr 5
5
2222 sin
sin
uuuu cos ud
rrr 5
5
4444 cos
cos
22uu
7.
8.
23.
24.
5
sin
5
cos
23.
24.
r
2
u
r
4
23.
24.
5
sin
5
cos
7.
8.
s
7,
5
p
y4
d
22,
11
p
y6
d
s
r
5
3
s
1
1
r
5
2
sec222uuuuu
25.
26.
7.
8.
s
7,
5
p
y4
d
22,
11
p
y6
d
s
7.
8.
s
7,
5
p
y4
d
22,
11
p
y6
d
s
25.
26.
r
5
3
s
1
1
cos
u
d
r
5
2
sec
7.
8.
s
7,
5
p
y4
d
22,
11
p
y6
d
s
9. s24.5, 3.5d
10. s9.25, 1.2d
25.
26.
5
1
cos
5
sec
23. rrrrr5
24. rrrrr5
533332ssss1111sin
522224sec
cosuuuu2u
25.
26.
5
1ucos
cos uuuudddd
5
sec
9.
10.
3.5
1.2
25.
26.
1
25.
26.
7. ssss24.5,
8. ssss9.25,
5
1
cos
5
sec
s24.5,
7, 5py4
ddddd
22, 1.2
11
s9.25,
9.
10.
24.5,
3.5
9.25,
1.2pddddy6d
9.
10.
3.5
9.
10.
24.5,
3.5
9.25,
1.2
In
the 26.
rectangular
to polara
25.Exercises
r 5ejercicios
3s1 12736,
cos27udaconvert
u rectangular
r5
2 secequation
En
los
36, transformar
la ecuacin
In9.Exercises
the rectangular
10. coordinates
s24.5, 3.51116,
d
s9.25, 1.2d of a point are
In
Exercises
2736,
convert
the
rectangular
equation
to
polar
In
Exercises
2736,
convert
the rectangular
rectangular equation
equation to
to polar
polar
In
Exercises
1116,
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
aa point
point
are
In
Exercises
2736,
convert
the
In
Exercises
2736,
convert
the
rectangular
equation
to
polar
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
En
los
ejercicios
11
a
16,
se
dan
las
coordenadas
rectangulares
de
1059997_1004.qxp
9/2/08
3:51
PM
Page
738
In
Exercises
1116,
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
point
are
la
forma
polar
y
trazar
su
grfica.
In
Exercises
1116,
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
a
are
In
Exercises
1116,
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
a
point
are
given. Plot the point and find two sets of polar coordinates for
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
In
Exercises
2736,
convert
the
rectangular
equation
to
polar
given.
Plot
the
point
and
find
two
sets
of
polar
coordinates
for
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
un
punto.
Localizar
grficamente
el
punto
y
hallar
dos
conjungiven.
Plotfor
the01116,
point
and
find two
two sets
setscoordinates
of polar
polar coordinates
coordinates
for
In Exercises
the
of a point for
are
given.
Plot
the
point
find
of
given.
Plot
the
point
and
find
two
sets
of
polar
coordinates
for
the
point
prectangular
2 5 9
# uu <<and
27.
28. x2222 2 y2222 5 9
x2222and
1 y222sketch
the
point
for
00 #
222p
p
... del punto con 0 u < 2p.
#
form
its
graph.
the
point
for
0
u
<
2
.
tos
de
coordenadas
polares
the
point
for
u
<
p
2
2
2
2
27.
28.
x
1
y
5
9
x
2
y
5
9
#point
given.
Plot
the
point
for
00 ##
uu << and
22p
the
point
forthe
p.. find two sets of polar coordinates for
27. xxx22221
28. xxx22222
1 yyy22225
5 999 22
2 yyy22225
5 999
27.
28.
27.
28.
1
5
2
1 yy2225
5 aa22
1 yy222 5
2 2ax
2ax 5
50
11.
12. s0, 26d
s2, 2d for 0 # u < 2p.
29. xx22221
30. xx2222 1
the spoint
2
2
2
2
29.
30.
27.
28.
x
1
y
5
9
x
2
y
5 2ax
9 5
11.
12.
2,
2
d
0,
26
d
s
x
x
1
y
5
a
1
y
2
2ax
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
29. xxx 1
30. xxx 1
1 yyy 5
5 aaa
1 yyy 2
2
2ax
5 00000
26)
11. s(2,
12. s(0,
2, 22)
0, 26
26ddd
29.
30.
29.
30.
1
5
1
2
2ax
5
11.
12.
11.
12.
ss2,
2,
22ddd 4d
0,
26
ss0,
y 25
x
5
12
13.
14.
s
23,
s
4,
22
d
8
32.
10
31.
2
2
2 1
2
13.
14.
22
5
5
12
31.
32.
29. yyyyx5
30. xxxxx5
11. sss23,
12. sssss4,
s23,
2, 2d444ddddd
0,22
26dddddd
s4,
518888 y 5 a
5 12
12y 2 2ax 5 0
31.
32.
13.
14.
4,
22
13.
14.
23,
4,
22
31.
32.
5
5
12
31.
32.
13.
14.
13.
14.
23,
4,
22
3x
2
y
1
2
5
0
xy
5
4
34.
!3 d
!3d
15. ss23,
16.
21,442
3,
2
s
s
33.
3x
2
1
5
xy
5
4
!3 d
!d3d
33.
34.
y5
x5
31. 3x
32. xy
15.
16.
2
2
2
1
5
xy
5
!
!
13. sss21,
14. sss3,
s21,
23,2
4d!
s3,
4,2
22
3x
28yyyyy 1
1 22222 5
5 00000
xy
5 12
33.
34.
!33
!33
15.
16.
21,
2
3dd
3,
2
3dd
5
4444
33.
34.
3x
2
1
5
xy
5
33.
34.
!
!
!
15.
16.
22
15.
16.
21,
2
3,
2
yxy
35. 3x
2 5 9x
4
34.
2
2
2
y
5
9x
35.
29x
y1250
33. y3x
34. xy 5 4
In
Exercises
1720,
use
angle 16.
feature
of!a3graphing
utility
22 5
15.
3d
738
Chapter
10 theConics,
Parametric
andtoPolar Coordinates
s21, 2 !
s3, 2
dEquations,
9x
35.
35.
5
35.
In
Exercises
1720,
the
angle
feature
of
graphing
utility
to
nguloutility
de una
En
los ejercicios
17use
a the
20, angle
emplear
la funcin
19x
y222dd222 2
2 99ssxx222 2
2 yy222dd 5
5 00
36. ysysyxx22225
In
Exercises
1720,
use
the
angle
feature
of aaaagiven
graphing
utility
to
5
9x
35.
In
Exercises
1720,
feature
of
graphing
to
In
Exercises
1720,
use
the
angle
feature
of
graphing
utility
to
1
y
find
one set of
polaruse
coordinates
for
the point
in rectangular
2
2
2
2
2
36.
y
5
9x
35.
s
x
1
y
d
2
9
s
x
2
y
d
5
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 yyy ddd 2
2 999sssxxx 2
2 yyy ddd 5
5 000
36. sssxxx 21
find
one
set
of
polar
coordinates
for
the
point
given
in
rectangular
36.
1
2
2
5
36.
herramienta
graficacin
para
un
deutility
coordefind
one set
set of
ofde
polar
coordinates
forhallar
the point
point
in rectangular
rectangular
In Exercises
1720,
use the angle
feature
of conjunto
agiven
graphing
to
find
one
polar
coordinates
for
the
given
in
find
one
set
of
polar
coordinates
for
the
point
given
in
rectangular
coordinates.
36. sx 2 1 y 22d 22 2 9sx 22 2 y 22d 5 0
coordinates.
In
Exercises
37
46,
convert
s
x
1
y
d
2
9
s
x
2
y
d
5the
0 polar equation to rectangular
36.
nadas
polares
del
punto
dado
en
coordenadas
rectangulares.
coordinates.
coordinates.
find one set of polar coordinates for the point given in rectangular
coordinates.
coordinates.
In
Exercises
37
46,
convert
the
polar
equation
to
rectangular
In
Exercises
3746,
46,
convert the
the polar
polar equation
equation to
to rectangular
rectangular
In
Exercises
37
convert
In
Exercises
37
46,
convert
the
polar
equation
to
rectangular
form
andsketch
sketch
itsgraph.
graph.
!
!
17.
18.
s
3,
22
d
3
2,
3
2
See
www.CalcChat.com
for
worked-out
solutions
to
odd-numbered
exercises.
d
s
form
and
its
coordinates.
!
!
17.
18.
ss3,
22
dd
3
2,
3
2
s
d
!
!
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
17.
18.
3,
22
3
2,
3
2
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
!
!
En
los
ejercicios
37
a
46,
pasar
la
ecuacin
polar
a
forma recIn Exercises
37its
46,graph.
convert the polar equation to larectangular
!2,
!22
form
and
17. sss3,
18. sss333!
3,
22
2, 333!
2ddd
form
and sketch
sketch
its
graph.
7 22
5 ddd
!
!
17.
18.
17.
18.
3,
22
2,
19. ss7774,,5552dd
20. ss0,0,25
25dd
r
5
4
r
5
25
37.
38.
19.
20.
tangular
y
trazar
su
grfica.
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
19.
20.
17. sss7s44743,
18. ssss0,
3!
2,dddd3!2 d
s0,0,
,, 5225d22d
25
5
5
25
37.
38.
19.
20.
0,
25
19.
20.
25
5 4444
5 25
25
37. rrrr 5
38. rrrr 5
19.
20.
25
37.
38.
37.
38.
4,, 222dd
(c) r 5
(d)r 5
In 4Exercises
1 6, plot the point in polar coordinates and find
7 5
5 33sin
sinuu
5 525
5cos
cosuu
39.
40.
r
5
r
5
39.
40.
19.
20.
,
0,
25
d
s
s
d
21. Represente
Plot
if
the
point
is
given
in
(a)
rectangular
s
4,
3.5
d
grficamente
el
punto
(4,
3.5)
si
el
punto
est
dado
r
5
4
38.
r
5
21.
37.
2 uu
25
4 2 the point
r
5
3
sin
u
r
5
5
cos
39.
40.
r
5
3
sin
u
r
5
525
cos
39.
40.
s
4,
3.5
d
r
5
3
sin
u
r
5
5
cos
39.
40.
the
corresponding
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
point.
r
5
3
sin
u
r
5
5
cos
39.
40.
21.
Plot
the
point
if
the
point
is
given
in
(a)
rectangular
s
4,
3.5
d
21. Plot
Plot
the
point
if the
the
point
isen
given
in (a)
(a) rectangular
rectangular
4,(b)
3.5
5p uu
21.
point
point
given
in
sss4,
3.5
ddd ifif
21.
Plot
the
point
the
point
is
given
in
(a)
rectangular
4,
3.5
coordinates
and
polar
coordinates.
a)
enthe
coordenadas
rectangulares
y b)is
coordenadas
polares.
sen
39.
sin
u
40.
r
5
5
cos
u
5
p
r
5
u
u
41.
42.
coordinates
and
(b)
polar
coordinates.
3
sin
u
5p
p
and
(b)
polar
coordinates.
5
5
41.
42.
coordinates
ands(b)
(b)3.5
polar
coordinates.
21. coordinates
Plot
the point
given
ind (a) rectangular
4,
d ifcoordinates.
6
and
polar
coordinates
and
(b)
polar
coordinates.
5
5
41.
42.
5 uuuuu
5 5566p
41. rrrrr 5
42. uuuuu 5
2. sis22,
s8, pthe
y2dpoint
5py3
41.
42.
22.1.coordinates
Graphical
Reasoning
5
5
41.
42.
22.
Razonamiento
grfico
56p
22.
Graphical
Reasoning
coordinates
and (b) polar coordinates.
22.3.Graphical
Graphical
Reasoning
52266csc
41.
42.
5 33usec
secuu
5
csc u
43. rr 5
44. rru5
22.
Reasoning
22.
Graphical
Reasoning
s24,
23
y4d
py6d to rectangular
4. s0, 27
43.
44.
(a)
Setuna
thep
window
format
of aa graphing
graphing
utility
a)
En
herramienta
de graficacin,
seleccionar
formato de
6csc uuu
r
5
3
sec
u
r
5
2
csc
43.
44.
(a)
Set
the
window
format
of
utility
to
rectangular
r
5
3
sec
u
r
5
2
43.
44.
r
5
3
sec
u
r
5
2
csc
43.
44.
r
5
3
sec
u
r
5
2
csc
ucsc u
43.
44.
22. (a)
Graphical
Reasoning
(a)
Set
the
window
format
of
a
graphing
utility
to
rectangular
(a)
Set
the
window
format
of
a
graphing
utility
to
rectangular
5 sec
secuutan
tanuu
5 cot
cotuuucsc
45. r 5
46. r 5
Set
the
format
aapolares
graphing
Set
the dwindow
window
format
of
graphing
utility
toelrectangular
rectangular
coordinates
locateof
the
cursor
any position
off the
ventana
para and
coordenadas
yat utility
colocar
cursor
en
5.(a)s!
6. s23,
2,
2.36
21.57
dto
5sec
3 sec
u uu
5cot
2 csc
u uuu
43. rrrr5
44. rrrr5
45.
46.
u
tan
u
csc
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
5
sec
u
tan
5
cot
u
csc
45.
46.
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
r
5
sec
u
tan
u
r
5
cot
u
csc
uu
45.
46.
r
5
sec
u
tan
u
r
5
cot
u
csc
45.
46.
(a)cualquier
Set
the
window
format
of
a
graphing
utility
to
rectangular
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
any
position
off
the
coordinates
and
locate
thelos
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
axes. Move
the cursor
and
vertically.
posicin
fuerahorizontally
de
ejes. at
Mover
el
cursorDescribe
en senaxes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
In
Exercises
4756,
use
a
graphing
utility
to
graph
r
5
sec
u
tan
u
r
5
cot
u
csc
u the polar
45.
46.
axes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
axes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
In Exercises
710,
use
the
angle
feature
of
a
graphing
utility
to
axes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
anyhorizontal
changes iny the
coordinates
of thetodo
points.
tido
en displayed
sentido vertical.
Describir
cambio
In
Exercises
4756,
use
graphing
utility
to
graph
the
polar
In
Exercises
4756,
use aaaa graphing
graphing
utility
to
graph
the
polar
any
changes
in
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
In
Exercises
4756,
use
polar
In
Exercises
4756,
use
graphing
utility
to
graph
the
polar
equation.
Find
an interval
foruu overutility
whichto
thegraph
graphthe
is traced
any
changes
in the
the
displayed
coordinates
of the
the
points.
axes.
Move in
the
cursor
horizontally
andpoint
vertically.
Describe
any
changes
displayed
coordinates
of
points.
find(b)the
rectangular
coordinates
for
the
given
in
polar
any
changes
in
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
en
las
coordenadas
de
los
puntos.
equation.
Find
an
interval
for
over
which
the
graph
is
traced
Set the window format of a graphing utility to polar
u
u
equation.
Find
an
interval
for
over
which
the
graph
is
traced
In
Exercises
4756,
use
a
graphing
utility
to
graph
the
u
equation.
Find
an
interval
for
over
which
the
is
traced
u
equation.
Find
an
interval
for
over
which
the
graph
is
traced
only
once.
(b)
Set
the
window
format
of
a
graphing
utility
to
polar
En los
ejercicios 47 a 56, emplear una herramienta de polar
grafiany the
changes
in theformat
displayed
of
the points.
coordinates.
Plot
the
(b)En
Set
the
window
format
ofcursor
graphing
utility
tooff
polar
only
once.
(b)
Set
window
of
acoordinates
to
polar
(b)
Set
window
format
of
aa graphing
graphing
utility
to
polar
coordinates
andpoint.
locate
the
at any utility
position
the
b)
unathe
herramienta
de graficacin,
seleccionar
el formato
de
only
once.
only
once.
u over polar.
equation.
Find
an intervallafor
which Hallar
the graph
traced
only
once.
only
once.
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
cacin
para
representar
ecuacin
un is
intervalo
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
(b)ventana
Set
the
window
format
of
a
graphing
utility
to
polar
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
23.
24.
r
5
2
sin
u
r
5
4
cos
2
u
coordinates
and
locate
the
cursor
at
any
position
off
the
axes.
Move
the
cursor horizontally
vertically.
Describe
coordenadas
polares
yand
colocar
en
5 22 2
2 55cos
cosuu
5 33ss11 2
2 4cos
cos ud
47.
48. rr 5
onlyrrr5
once.
7. s7,axes.
8. s22,
5py4Move
d parathe
11vertically.
py6d el cursor
5
cursor
horizontally
and
Describe
u en
el 55que
lauu grfica se trace
slo
una
vez.
para
47.
48.
2
cos
5
2
cos
axes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
5
2
cos
55
2 44444ucos
cos uuuuuddddd
47.
48.
coordinates
and
locate
theloscursor
at any
offsenthe
axes.
Move
the
horizontally
vertically.
Describe
axes.
Move
the
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
rrrr5
222222
55sin
cos
uu ud
rrrrr5
33334ssss211111sec
2
47.
48.
5
2
cos
5
2
cos
47.
48.
any
changes
incursor
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
cualquier
posicin
fuera
de
ejes. and
Mover
elposition
cursor
en
25.
26.
r
5
3
s
1
1
cos
r
5
1
u
5
3
cos
u
49.
50.
any
changes
in
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
9. s24.5,
10.
3.5
d the
s9.25,
1.2
d the
any
changes
in
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
5
1
sin
5
33 cos
cos
49.
50.
any
changes
inythe
the
displayed
coordinates
of
thetodo
points.
axes.
Move
cursor
horizontally
and
vertically.
Describe
any
changes
coordinates
of
points.
522222221
2sin
cos
5444443(1
31
s1
12
cos
47. rrrrrrr5
48. rrrrrrr5
any
changes
in
the
displayed
coordinates
of
the
points.
5
1
sin
uuuu uu
5
1
32
uuuu uu)d
49.
50.
horizontal
endisplayed
sentido
Describir
cambio
5
1
sin
5
1
cos
49.
50.
47.
5
2
55 cos
48.
5
44 sen
u
3
cos
u
49.
50.
5
1
sin
5
1
3
cos
49.
50.
(c)tido
Why
are thein
results
in partsvertical.
(a)
and (b)
different?
2 2736, convert the rectangular22equation to polar
(c)
Why
are
the
results
in
parts
(a)
and
(b)
different?
any
in thedein
displayed
of the points.
In rExercises
(c)
Why
are
the results
results
inlos
parts
(a)coordinates
and
(b) different?
different?
en
las changes
coordenadas
puntos.
5
5
51.
52.
Why
are
the
parts
(a)
and
(b)
122222sen
sin u
1 23 cos
cos u
49.
50. rr5
(c)
Why
are
the
results
in
parts
(a)
and
(b)
different?
In(c)
Exercises
1116,
the rectangular
coordinates
of a point are
49.
5 212 1
sin
50.
5 44 1
rrr5
5
51.
52.
1
cosuuu its graph.
2 322233sin
sinuuu
r
5
51.
52.
5
5 4442
51.
52. rrrrr 5
form
and
sketch
1
1
cos
2
r
5
51.
52.
r
5
5
51.
52.
Ingiven.
Exercises
2326,
match
the
graph
with
its
polar
equation.
(c)Por
Why
are
the
results
in
parts
(a)
and
(b)
different?
1
1
cos
u
3
sin
c)
qu
difieren
los
resultados
obtenidos
en
los
incisos
a)
y
Plot the
point
and find
two setswith
of polar
coordinates
for
1 cos
cos
2 33322sin
sin uuuu
111 1
444 2
In
Exercises
2326,
match
the
graph
its
polar
equation.
1
cos
2
22 3uuuu
In
Exercises
2326,
match
the
graph
with
its polar
polar equation.
equation.
5sin
5
5
51. rr 5
52. rr 5
In
Exercises
2326,
match
the
graph
with
its
In
Exercises
2326,
match
the
graph
with
its
polar
equation.
[The
graphs
are
labeled
(a),
(b),
(c),
and
(d).]
51.
52.
b)?
3
u
5
uuu9 u
the
point
for
0
u
<
2
p
.
2
2
2
2
#
211cos
cos
344sin
sin
53.
54.
1
cos
2
sin
333uuuu9uu
usin
[The
graphs
are
labeled
(a),
(b),
(c),
and
(d).]
27.rr 5
28.rr 5
x5 21
y cos
5
x5 2
y 5
1
2
335555usen
u
3
[The
graphs are
are
labeled
(a), (b),
(b),
(c),
andwith
(d).]its polar equation.
3
In Exercises
2326,
match
the (c),
graph
53.
54.
[The
graphs
labeled
(a),
and
(d).]
2
[The
graphs
are
labeled
(a),
(b),
(c),
and
(d).]
r
5
2
cos
r
5
3
sin
5 222 cos
cos 2
5 333 sin
sin 22u
53. rrr 5
54. rrr 5
53.
54.
5
5
53.
54.

2 1cos
2 5
2 1sin
2 2
(a)
(b)
322uua 2
522uu2ax 5 0
2
2
grfica con su
x
29.
30.
x
y
y
[The
labeled
(a), (b),
(c),
and
11.
12.
sgraphs
2, 22d are23
26d la
s0, (d).]
3
5
En
los
ejercicios
a
26,
hacer
que
corresponda
(a)
(b)
5 22 cos
cos
5 3311sen
sin
53. rr 25
54. rr 25
22
2
(a)
(b)
sin
53.
54.
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
5
sin 222u
5
55.
56.
22
ecuacin
etiquetadas
54448sin
51111u12 22
31.rrr222222y5
32.rrr222222x5
2polar.
2222 b), c) y d).]
2 4d [Las grficas estn(b)
13. s23,
14.
s4, 22d a),
2
u
55.
56.
5
sin
2
u
5
55.
56.
(a)
55.
56.
5 44 sin
sin 22uu
5 uuu1
55. rr 5
56. rr 5
2
2
uu14
2
2 5
3x
1 22uequation
50
33.rConvert
34.r xy
2 !3 d
57.
the
55.
56.
2 524 ysin
2 5
a)15. s21,
b)16. s3, 2 !3d
r
5
4
sin
2
u
r
5u
sen
55.
56.
57.
Convert
the
equation
2
2
57.
Convert
the
equation
u
2
57.
the
57.
Convert
the equation
equation
y 5 9x
35.Convert
cos
uequation
1 kksin
sinuudd
rConvert
5 22sshhcos
0 to
0 angle feature of a graphing utility
In Exercises 1720, use the
57.
the
u
1
r
5
0
ecuacin
57.
2d 2u
2 2u
ssshhhla
1
sin
5
h cos
cos
19kkskkxsin
sin
5
4 00000
4
2
s5
x 22222s1
ycos
36.rrrrPasar
uuu21
uuuddydd 2d 5 0
5
cos
1
sin
0000
4 coordinates
2 polar
find one set of
for the point given in rectangular
444
to
rectangular
form
and
verify that it is the equation of a circle.
4
4444
2222
4
s
h
cos
u
1
k
sin
r
5
2
0
0
sen
r5
2sh cos u form
1 k sin
uuverify
ddverify that
to
rectangular
and
that
is
the
equation
of
circle.
coordinates.
to
rectangular
form
and
that
itcoordinates
is equation
the equation
equation
of center
circle.
rectangular
and
ititit
is
the
of
aaaa circle.
to
rectangular
form
and
verify
is
the
equation
of
circle.
Find
the radius
andconvert
the verify
rectangular
oftothe
of
4
4
2
Into
Exercises
37form
46,
thethat
polar
rectangular
0
0
Find
the
radius
and
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
the
center
of
Find
the
radius
and
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
the
center
of
to
rectangular
form
and
verify
that
it
is
the
equation
of
a
Find
the
radius
and
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
the
center
Find
the
radius
and
the
rectangular
coordinates
of
the
center
of
the
circle.
form
and
sketch
its
graph.
a lacircle.
forma rectangular y verificar que sea la ecuacin circle.
deof
un
4
4
17. s3, 22d2
18. s3!2, 3!2 d
the
the
circle.
the
circle.
Find
theHallar
radius el
andradio
the rectangular
coordinates
of the center
the
circle.
the
circle.
crculo.
y las coordenadas
rectangulares
de of
su
19. s74, 52 d
20. s0, 25d
r 5circle.
4
37. the
38. r 5 25
centro.
39. r 5 3 sin u
40. r 5 5 cos u
21. Plot the point s4, 3.5d if the point is given in (a) rectangular
5p
coordinates and (b) polar coordinates.
41. r 5 u
42. u 5
6
22. Graphical Reasoning
1

10.4 Exercises

111
1

(a) Set the window format of a graphing utility to rectangular

coordinates and locate the cursor at any position off the
axes. Move the cursor horizontally and vertically. Describe

222
2

111
1

222
2

43. r 5 3 sec u

44. r 5 2 csc u

45. r 5 sec u tan u

46. r 5 cot u csc u

In Exercises 4756, use a graphing utility to graph the polar

1059997_1004.qxp
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3:51
PM 739
Page 739
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Page
1059997_1004.qxp 9/2/08 3:51 PM Page 739

SECCIN 10.4
Coordenadas polares y grficas polares
10.4 Polar Coordinates and Polar Graphs
10.4 Polar Coordinates and Polar Graphs
58. Frmula para la distancia
58. Distance Formula
Verificar
que la frmula para la distancia entre dos puntos
58. a)
Distance
Formula
(a)sr Verify
Distance
Formula for polares
the distance
en coordenadas
es between
, u1d y that
sr2, uthe
d dados
1
(a) Verify
that
the2 Distance
Formula
distance
between
r2, 2 for
r1, 1 and
the two
points
in the
polar
coordinates
is
2
2r ,
r
,
the
and
in
polar
coordinates
is
!rpoints
d 5two
1
r
2
2r
r
cos
s
u
2
u
d
.
1
1
2
2
1 2
2 2
1 2
1
2
r2
2r1 r2 cos 1
d
r1
2 .
b) Describir
en relacin uno con
r22 2r1 r2de
coslos 1puntos,
d
r12las posiciones
2 .
(b)otro,
Describe
of the
points relative
to each other
si u1 5theu2positions
la frmula
de la distancia
para
. Simplificar
(b) este
Describe
the
positions
of
the
points
relative
to
each
otherIs
.
forcaso.
Simplify
the
Distance
Formula
for
thisExplicar
case.
Es
la
simplificacin
lo
que
se
esperaba?
1
2
for
theyou
Distance
Formula
for this case. Is
the
what
expected?
Explain.
1simplification
2. Simplify
por
qu.
the simplification what you expected? Explain.
90908.
. IsEs
Simplify the
Distance
for si1u1 22u2 5
the
c)(c)Simplificar
la frmula
de Formula
la distancia
90qu.
. Is the
(c) laSimplify
the Distance
Formula
for Explain.
simplification
what
you
expected?
1
2 por
simplificacin
lo que
se
esperaba?
Explicar
simplification what you expected? Explain.
Choose
points
polar coordinate
systempolares
and find
d)(d)Elegir
dostwo
puntos
enonelthe
sistema
de coordenadas
y
(d) encontrar
Choose
two
points
on
the
polar
coordinate
system
and
find
the distance
between
them.
Then
choose
different
polar
la distancia entre ellos. Luego elegir representathe
distance
them.
polar
representations
of the
same
twochoose
points different
and
the
ciones
polaresbetween
diferentes
paraThen
los
mismos
dos apply
puntos
y
representations
of
the
same
two
points
and
apply
Distance
Formula
again.
Discuss the
result.el resultado.the
aplicar
la frmula
para
la distancia.
Analizar
Distance Formula again. Discuss the result.
En
ejercicios
62,the
usar
el resultado
del58
ejercicio
58 para
In los
Exercises
5959
62,ause
result
of Exercise
to approximate
Inthe
Exercises
62, usethe
thetwo
result
of Exercise
58
to approximate
aproximar
la59
distancia
entre
los
dos
puntos
descritos
en coordedistance
between
points
in polar
coordinates.
the distance
between the two points in polar coordinates.
nadas
polares.
5
7
59. 1,5
60. 8,7
,
4,
, 5,
6
3
60. 8, 4 , 5,
,
4,
59. 1,
6
3
4
61. 2, 0.5 , 7, 1.2
62. 4, 2.5 , 12, 1
61. s2, 0.5d, s7, 1.2d
62. s4, 2.5d, s12, 1d
In Exercises 63 and 64, find dy/dx and the slopes of the tangent
En
los shown
ejercicios
63 y64,
64,find
hallar
las pendientes
las rec/dx
Inlines
Exercises
63
andy the
slopes of thedetangent
onand
the
graph
ofdy/dx
thedypolar
equation.
tas tangentes
muestran
las grficas
lines
shown onque
these
graph
of theen
polar
equation.de las ecuaciones
63. r 2 3 sin
64. r 2 1 sin
polares.
63. r 2 3 sin
64. r 2 1 sin
u
sin
sin ud
63. r 5 2 1 3 sen
64. r 5 2s1 2 sen

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2 5,
2 5, 2
2 5,2

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(2, )
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3

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7
3,
7
3, 76
3, 6
6

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(2, 0) 0
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3
3

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4,
( 4, 22 )

In Exercises 65 68, use a graphing utility to (a) graph the polar

Inequation,
Exercises
65
68,
graphing
utility
(a) graph
the
(b)
draw
the
line
at thetogiven
of polar
, and
En
los ejercicios
65 ause
68,atangent
usar
una
herramienta
devalue
graficacin
y
equation,
(b)grfica
draw
the
tangent
lineof
at .the
value
, and
(c)
find dy/dx
at the
value
Hint:
Let
the
increment
a)
trazar
la
degiven
la
ecuacin
polar,
b)given
dibujar
la of
recta
tan(c)
find
at the
given
of
Hint:
Letelthe
increment
between
values
of
gente
endy/dx
elthe
valor
dado
de equal
uvalue
, y c) hallar
valor
dado de
/ 24. . dy
/ dx en
between
the
values
of
equal
24.
/ de u iguales a p / 24.c
u. xSugerencia: Tomar incrementos
65. r 3 1 cos ,
66. r 3 2 cos ,
0
p
65. r 5 3s1 2 cos ud, u 5 2
66. r 5 3 2 2 cos u, u 5 0
2
67. r 3 sin ,
68. r 4,
p3
p
sin u, u 5
67. r 5 3 sen
68. r 5 4, u 5 4
3
4
In
Exercises
69
and
70,
find
the
points
of
horizontal
andhorizonvertical
En los ejercicios 69 y 70, hallar los puntos de tangencia
Intangency
Exercises(if69
andto70,
find
thecurve.
points of horizontal and vertical
any)
the
polar
tal y vertical (si los hay) a la curva polar.
tangency (if any) to the polar curve.
69.r r5 112 sin
70.r r5 aasin
sinu
sinu
sen
sen
69.
70.
69. r 1 sin
70. r a sin
Inlos
Exercises
7171
and
72,hallar
find the
En
ejercicios
y 72,
los points
puntosof
dehorizontal
tangencia tangency
horizonIn(ifExercises
71apolar
and
72,
find
the points of horizontal tangency
any)
the
curve.
tal
(si
los to
hay)
la curva
polar.
(if any) to the polar curve.
71.r r5 22csc
72.r r5 aasin
cscu 1 33
sinu cos
cos2 u2
71.
72.
sen
71. r 2 csc
72. r a sin cos 2
3
Inlos
Exercises
a graphing
utility to
graph the polar
En
ejercicios737376,
a 76,use
usar
una herramienta
de graficacin
para
Inequation
Exercises
76,alluse
a graphing
utility
to puntos
graph de
thetangenpolar
and
find
points
horizontal
representar
la73
ecuacin
polar
yofhallar
todos tangency.
los
equation
and find all points of horizontal tangency.
cia
horizontal.
73. r 4 sin cos 2
74. r 3 cos 2 sec
2
73. rr 5 44 sin
74. rr 5 33 cos
sen u cos
73.
74.
sin
cos 2 u
cos 22u sec
sec u

739

739
739

75.
76.
75. rr 5 22 csc
76. rr 5 22 cos
csc u 1 55
coss33u 2 22d
75. los
r ejercicios
2 csc 775 a 84, dibujar76.
2 cos
2
En
la rgrfica
de3la ecuacin
polar
Exercises
7784, sketch
a graph of the polar equation and
yInhallar
las tangentes
en el polo.
Infind
Exercises
7784,
a graph of the polar equation and
the tangents
at sketch
the pole.
find
tangents
77.the
78. r 5 5 cos u
r5
3 sen
sin u at the pole.
77. r 5 sin
78. r 5 cos
79.
r
5
2
s
1
2
sin
u
d
80.
s1 2 cos ud
sen
77. r 5 sin
78. rr 553cos
79. r 2 1 sin
80. r 3 1 cos
u
u
81. rr 5221cos 3sin
82. rr 532sin
79.
80.
1sen 5cos
81. r 4 cos 3
82. r
sin 5
r
5
3
sin
2
u
r
5
3
cos
2
83.
84.
sen3
81. r 4 cos
82. r
sin 5 u
83. r 3 sin 2
84. r 3 cos 2
83. los
r ejercicios
3 sin 2 85 a 96, trazar 84.
r 3 cos
En
la grfica
de la2 ecuacin polar.
In Exercises 8596, sketch a graph of the polar equation.
r 5 8 8596, sketch a graph
86.of rthe
5 1polar equation.
In85.
Exercises
85.
86.
r
8
r
87. r 5 4s1 1 cos ud
88. r 5 11 1 sen
sin u
85. r 8
86. r 1
87.
88. rr 5 51 2 4sin
r
4
1
cos
sin
89. r 5 3 2 2 cos u
90.
sen u
87. r 4 1 cos
88. r 1 sin
89. r 3 2 cos
90. r 5 4 sin
6
89.
90.
91. rr 533 csc2 ucos
92. rr 55 4 sin6
2
sin
u
2
3 cos u
sen
91. r 3 csc
92. r
6 3 cos
91. r 3 csc
92. r
12 sin
3 cos
93. r 5 2u
94. r 521sin
93. r 2
94. r 1u
93.
94.
95. rr 2 52 4 cos 2u
96. rr 2 5 4 sin
sen u
95. r 2 4 cos 2
96. r 2 4 sin
2
En
unarherramienta
de graficacin
95. los
r 2 ejercicios
4 cos 2 97 a 100, usar 96.
4 sin
para
representar
la ecuacin
y mostrarutility
que latorecta
dada
una
In Exercises
97100,
use a graphing
graph
the es
equaIn
Exercises
usegiven
a graphing
utility
to graph
the graph.
equaasntota
la97100,
grfica.
tion
andde
show
that the
line is an
asymptote
of the
tion and show that the given line is an asymptote of the graph.
Nombre
la grfica Polar
Ecuacin
polar
Asntota
Name ofde
Graph
Equation
Asymptote
Name
of Graph
Polar
Equation
Asymptote
97.
Concoide
r
5
2
2
sec
u
97. Conchoid
r 2 sec
x x 5 21
1
97.
Conchoid
r
2
sec
x
1
98.
1 csc u
98. Concoide
Conchoid
r r 25 2 csc
y y 51 1
98.
Conchoidhiperblica r r2 5 2y
cscu
y y 15 2
99.
99. Espiral
Hyperbolic spiral
r 2
y 2
99.
Hyperbolic
spiral
r
2
100.
2 cos
u sec u y x x 25 22
100. Estrofoide
Strophoid
r r 25cos
2 2sec
2
100. Strophoid
r 2 cos 2 sec
x
2

Desarrollo
de
WRITING ABO
U Tconceptos
CONCEPTS
W101.
R I T Describe
I N G A Bthe
O Udifferences
T C O N C between
E P T S the rectangular coordinate

101. Describir las diferencias entre el sistema de coordenadas

101. Describe
the differences
between the
rectangular coordinate
system and
the
polar
coordinate
system.
rectangulares
y el
sistema
de coordenadas
polares.
system and the polar coordinate system.
102. Dar
Givelastheecuaciones
equations para
for the
coordinate
conversion
from
102.
pasar
de coordenadas
rectangu102. Give
the equations
for
the coordinate
conversion
from
rectangular
to
polar
coordinates
and
vice
versa.
lares a coordenadas polares y viceversa.
rectangular to polar coordinates and vice versa.
103. Cmo
How are
slopes oflastangent
linesdedetermined
in polar
103.
se the
determinan
pendientes
rectas tangentes
en
103. How
are the slopes
tangent
lines determined
polar
coordinates?
What of
areQu
tangent
at thetangentes
pole in
and
how
coordenadas
polares?
son lines
las rectas
en
el
coordinates?
What are tangent lines at the pole and how
are they
determined?
polo
y cmo
se determinan?
are they determined?

Para
C A P S Tdiscusin
ONE
C104.
A P S Describe
T O N E las
lasfollowing
siguientespolar
ecuaciones
polares.
104. Describir
the grficas
graphs ofdethe
equations.
104. Describe the graphs of the following
polar equations.
a) r 7
b) r2 7
a) r 7
b) r2 7
7
7
c) r
d) r
7
7
cos
sen
c) r
d) r
7 cos
7 sen
e) r cos
f ) r sen
e) r 7 cos
f ) r 7 sen
105. Trazar la grfica de r 5 4 sen
sin u en el intervalo dado.
105. Sketch the graph of r 4 sin over each interval.
105. Sketch the graph
p of r p4 sin over each interval.
p
p
a) 0 u
b)
u p
c) 2 u
(a) 0
(b)2
(c) 2
2
2
2
2
2
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c)
2 herramienta graficadora
2 para repre2
106. Para pensar 2 Utilizar una
106. Think About It Use a graphing utility to graph the polar
sentar About
la ecuacin polar
r 5 6 futility
1 1 cossu 2 fdgthepara
a)
106. Think
a graphing
polar4,
equation r It6 1Usecos
for (a) to graph
0, (b)
f
5
0,
f
5
p
y4,
f
5
p
y2.
b)
y
c)
Usar
las
grficas
para
equation
cos the graphsforto(a)
(b)effect of 4,
and (c) r 6 12. Use
describe0,the
the
describir
efecto del ngulo
la ecuacin
como
funf. Escribir
and
(c) . el
the graphs
describe
of the
angle
Write2.theUse
equation
as a to
function
of the
sin effect
for part
(c).
cin de. sen
el inciso as
u para
c).a function of sin for part (c).
angle
Write
the equation