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Descriptive Statistics

1. What is the median of the following set of scores?


18, 6, 12, 10, 14 ?
a. 10
b. 14
c. 18
d. 12
2. Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a
normal distribution?
a. 34%
b. 95%
c. 99%
d. 68%
3. The denominator (bottom) of the z-score formula is
a. The standard deviation
b. The difference between a score and the mean
c. The range
d. The mean
4. Let's suppose we are predicting score on a training posttest from number of years
of education and the score on an aptitude test given before training. Here is the regression
equation Y = 25 + .5X1 +10X2,
where X1 = years of education and X2 = aptitude test score.
What is the
predicted score for someone with 10 years of education and a aptitude test score of 5?
a. 25
b. 50
c. 35
d. 80
5. The standard deviation is:
a. The square root of the variance
b. A measure of variability
c. An approximate indicator of how numbers vary from the mean
d. All of the above
6. Hypothesis testing and estimation are both types of descriptive statistics.
a. True
b. False
7. A set of data organized in a participants(rows)-by-variables(columns) format is known as a
data set.
a. True
b. False
8. A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called a ____.
a. Line graph
b. Bar graph
c. Scatterplot
d. Vertical graph

9. The goal of ___________ is to focus on summarizing and explaining a specific set of data.
a. Inferential statistics
b. Descriptive statistics
c. None of the above
d. All of the above
10. The most frequently occurring number in a set of values is called the ____.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
11. As a general rule, the _______ is the best measure of central tendency because it is more
precise.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
12. Focusing on describing or explaining data versus going beyond immediate data and making
inferences is the difference between _______.
a. Central tendency and common tendency
b. Mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive properties
c. Descriptive and inferential
d. Positive skew and negative skew
13. Why are variance and standard deviation the most popular measures of variability?
a. They are the most stable and are foundations for more advanced statistical analysis
b. They are the most simple to calculate with large data sets
c. They provide nominally scaled data
d. None of the above
14. ____________ is the set of procedures used to explain or predict the values of a dependent
variable based on the values of one or more independent variables.
a. Regression analysis
b. Regression coefficient
c. Regression equation
d. Regression line
15. The ______ is the value you calculate when you want the arithmetic average.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. All of the above
16. ___________ are used when you want to visually examine the relationship between two
quantitative variables.
a. Bar graphs
b. Pie graphs
c. Line graphs
d. Scatterplots

17. The _______ is often the preferred measure of central tendency if the data are severely
skewed.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
18. Which of the following is the formula for range?
a. H + L
b. L x H
c. L - H
d. H L
19. Which is a raw score that has been transformed into standard deviation units?
a. z score
b. SDU score
c. t score
d. e score
20. Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?
a. Median
b. Variance
c. Standard deviation
d. Range
21. Which of the following is NOT a common measure of central tendency?
a. Mode
b. Range
c. Median
d. Mean
22. What is the median of this set of numbers: 4, 6, 7, 9, 2000000?
a. 7.5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 4
23. What is the mean of this set of numbers: 4, 6, 7, 9, 2000000?
a. 7.5
b. 400,005.2
c. 7
d. 4
24. Which of the following is interpreted as the percentage of scores in a reference group that
falls below a particular raw score?
a. Standard scores
b. Percentile rank
c. Reference group
d. None of the above
25. The median is ______.

a.
b.
c.
d.

The middle point


The highest number
The average
Affected by extreme scores

26. Which measure of central tendency takes into account the magnitude of scores?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
27. If a test was generally very easy, except for a few students who had very low scores, then
the distribution of scores would be _____.
a. Positively skewed
b. Negatively skewed
c. Not skewed at all
d. Normal
28. How many dependent variables are used in multiple regression?
a. One
b. One or more
c. Two or more
d. Two
29. Which of the following represents the fiftieth percentile, or the middle point in a set of
numbers arranged in order of magnitude?
a. Mode
b. Median
c. Mean
d. Variance
30. If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is __________.
a. Negatively skewed
b. Positively skewed
c. Symmetrically skewed
d. Symmetrical
31. In a grouped frequency distribution, the intervals should be what?
a. Mutually exclusive
b. Exhaustive
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
32. When a set of numbers is heterogeneous, you can place more trust in the measure of
central tendency as representing the typical person or unit.
a. True
b. False

33. Non-overlapping categories or intervals are known as ______.


a. Inclusive
b. Exhaustive
c. Mutually exclusive

d. Mutually exclusive and exhaustive


34. To interpret the relationship between two categorical variables, a contingency table should
be constructed with either column or row percentages, and ----.
a. If the percentages are calculated down the columns, then comparisons should be made
across
the rows
b. If the percentages are calculated across the rows, comparisons should be made down the
columns
c. Both a and b are correct
d. Neither a nor b is correct
Answers:
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. b
10. c
11. a
12. c
13. a
14. a
15. a
16. d
17. b
18. d
19. a
20. a
21. b
22. c
23. b
24. b
25. a
26. a
27. b
28. a
29. b
30, a
31. c
32. b
33. c
34. c

FUNDAMENTAL OF STATISTICS
Sample Multiple choice question
1. If 35 is the upper limit of the class-interval of class-size 10, then the lower limit ofthe class-interval is :
(a) 20
(b) 25
(c) 30
(d) none of these
2. In the assumed mean method, if A is the assumed mean, than deviation di is :
(a) xi + A (b) xi A (c) A xi (d) none of these
3. Mode is:
(a) Middle most value (b) least frequent value (c) most frequent value (d) none ofthese
4. While computing mean of grouped data, we assume that the frequencies are :
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes (b) centred at the class-marks of the classes
(c) centred at the upper limits of the classes (d) centred at the lower limits of theclasses
5. The curve drawn by taking upper limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency alongy-axis is :
(a) frequency polygon (b) more than ogive
(c) less than ogive (d) none of these
6. For more than ogive the x-axis represents :
(a) upper limits of class-intervals (b) mid-values of class-intervals
(c) lower limits of class-intervals (d) frequency
7. Ogive is the graph of :
(a) lower limits and frequency (b) upper limits and frequency
(c)lower/upper limits and cumulative frequency (d) none of these
8. The curve less than ogive is always :
(a)ascending (b) descending
(c) sometimes ascending and sometimes descending (d) none of these
9. The mean of the following data is : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 :
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (d) 30
10 . the relationship between two or more than two variables is called __________
a) relation
b) standard deviation
c) correlation
d) all of these
11 . For a given data with 50 observations the less than ogive and the more thenogive intersect at (15.5
, 20). The median of the data is :

(a) 4.5 (b) 20 (c) 50 (d) 15.5


12. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency ?
(a) Mean
(b) Median
(c) Range
(d) Mode
13. The abscissa of the point of intersection of the less than type and of the more thantype cumulative freq
uency curves of a grouped data gives its :
(a)mean
(b) median
(c) mode
(d) all the three above
14. The measures of central tendency which cant be found graphically is
(a) mean
(b) median
(c) mode
(d) none of these
15 . Which of the following measures of central tendency can have more than one valuein a single sample
?
(a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) none of the above
16.
What would happen to the mean if all of the scores were converted by subtracting10 points from
each score?
(a) The mean would be unchanged. (b) The mean would increase by 10 points.
(c) The mean would decrease by 10 points.
(d) The mean would decrease by an amount equal to 10 points divided by the number
of participants.
16.
Which correlation represents the strongest relationship?
(a) +0.37
(b) +0.98
(c) -0.02
(d) -0.73

18. In case of open-ended classes, an appropriate measure of dispersion to be used is


(a) Range (b) Quartile Deviation (c) Mean Deviation (d) Standard Deviation

19. The standard deviation of a set of 50 observation is 8. If each observation is multiplied by 2, then the
value of S.D. will be
a) 4 b) 8 c) 16 d) None

20. Which of the following measures of dispersion is affected most by extreme values of observations in a
data set ?
a) Range b) Quartile Deviation c) Mean Deviation d) Standard Deviation

21. Which of the following is a relative measure of dispersion ?


a) Standard Deviation b) Variance c) Coefficient of Variation d) All

22. If mean and coefficient of variation of a set of data is 10 and 5, then S.D. is
a) 10 b) 50 c) 5 d) None
23. A researcher has collected the following sample data.
5 12 6 8 5 6 7 5 12 4 1
The median is
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8

24. A researcher has collected the following sample data.


5 12 6 8 5 6 7 5 12 4
The mode is
a) 5 b). 6 c). 7 d. None of the above
25. A researcher has collected the following sample data. The mean of the sample is 5.
3 5 12 3 2
The range is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 10 d) 12
26. Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?
a). the range b) the quartiles c) the standard deviation d. the variance

27. A visual representation of the frequency distribution where the frequencies are represented by
adjacent bars is called a
a) frequency polygon b) scatter gram c) histogram d) tally chart
28. The horizontal axis on a graph is called the
a ) x-axis b) y-axis c) z- axis d) frequency axis
29 . The vertical axis on a graph is called the
a) x-axis b) y-axis c) z-axis d) nominal axis
30. Find out the mean and median of 1, 2, 3, 6, 8.
a) 4, 6 b) 4, 3 c) 4, 2 d) 4, 8
31. Find the mode of 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 3, 6, 5, 3, 5, 7, 6, 5, 7, 5.
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 6
32. Find the median and mode for the set of numbers 2, 2, 3, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9.

a) 3, 3 b) 7, 7 c) 8, 8 d) 6,6
33. For what value of x, the mode of the following data is 27 ?
25, 26, 27, 23, 27, 26, 24, x, 27, 26, 25, 25.
a) 24 b) 25 c) 26 d) 27
34. Find the mode, median and mean of the following data.
15, 17, 16, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 12, 16.
a) 16, 15, 14 b) 15, 16, 17 c) 16, 17, 18 d) 14, 16, 18
35. Find the mode from the following distributions.

Marks
No.of Students

10 12 15 20 25 35 45 50 60
4 6 10 14 20 19 10 6 3

a) 20 b) 35 c) 25 d) 45
36. The range of the correlation coefficient is?
a). -1 to 0. b) 0 to 1. c) -1 to 1. d) None of the above

37. Which of the following values could not represent a correlation coefficient?
a) r = 0.99 b) r = 1.09 c) r = -0.73 d) r = -1.0
38. Which of the following provides a measure of central location for the data?
a) standard deviation b) mean c) variance d) range
39. The hourly wages of a sample of 130 system analysts are given below.
mean = 60 range = 20
mode = 73 variance = 324
median = 74
The coefficient of variation equals
a). 0.30% b) 30% c) 5.4% d) 54%
40.The median is a measure of
a) relative dispersion b) absolute dispersion
c. central location d. relative location
41. The 75th percentile is referred to as the
a) first quartile b) second quartile c) third quartile d) fourth quartile
42. The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the
a) variance b) interquartile range c) range d) coefficient of variation
43. The first quartile
a) contains at least one third of the data elements

b) is the same as the 25th percentile


c) is the same as the 50th percentile
d) is the same as the 75th percentile
44. Which of the following is not a measure of central location?
a) mean b) median c) variance d) mode
45. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?
a) percentiles b)quartiles c) range d)all of the above
46. The most frequently occurring value of a data set is called the
a) range b)mode c)mean d)median
47. The interquartile range is
a) the 50th percentile b) another name for the variance
c). the difference between the largest and smallest values
d) the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile
48. The measure of dispersion that is influenced most by extreme values is
a) the variance b) the standard deviation c) the range d) the interquartile range

49. The descriptive measure of dispersion that is based on the concept of a deviation about the mean is
a. the range
b. the interquartile range
c. the absolute value of the range
d. the standard deviation
Answer: d
50. The median of a sample will always equal the
a) mode b) mean c) 50th percentile d. all of the above
51. Which of the following provides a measure of central location for the data?
a) standard deviation b) mean c) variance d) range
52. The numerical value of the standard deviation can never be
a. larger than the variance
b. zero
c. negative
d. smaller than the variance
Answer: c
53. The variance can never be
a. zero
b. larger than the standard deviation
c. negative
d. smaller than the standard deviation
Answer: c
54. The sum of deviations of the individual data elements from their mean is

a. always greater than zero


b. always less than zero
c. sometimes greater than and sometimes less than zero, depending on the data elements
d. always equal to zero
Answer: d
55. Which of the following symbols represents the standard deviation of the population?
a. 2
b.
c.
d.
Answer: b
56. Which of the following symbols represents the mean of the sample?
a. 2
b.
c. x
d.
Answer: d
57. Which of the following symbols represents the variance of the population?
a. 2
b.
c.
d.
Answer: a
58. Which of the following symbols represents the size of the population?
a. 2
b.
c.
d. N
Answer: d
59. Which of the following symbols represents the size of the sample
a. 2
b.
c. N
d. n
Answer: d
60. A numerical measure of linear association between two variables is the
a. variance
b. coefficient of variation
c. correlation coefficient
d. standard deviation
Answer: c

61. The coefficient of correlation ranges between


a. 0 and 1
b. -1 and +1
c. minus infinity and plus infinity
d. 1 and 100
Answer: b
62. The coefficient of correlation
a. is the same as the coefficient of determination
b. can be larger than 1
c. cannot be larger than 1
d. cannot be negative
Answer: c
Exhibit 3-1
The following data show the number of hours worked by 200 statistics students.
Number of Hours Frequency
0 - 9 40
10 - 19 50
20 - 29 70
30 - 39 40
63. Refer to Exhibit 3-1. The class width for this distribution
a. is 9
b. is 10
c. is 11
d. varies from class to class
Answer: b
64. Refer to Exhibit 3-1. The relative frequency for the class of 10 - 19
a. is 90
b. is .25
c. is .45
d. cannot be determined from the information given
Answer: b
Exhibit 3-2
A researcher has collected the following sample data
5 12 6 8 5
6 7 5 12 4
65. Refer to Exhibit 3-2. The median is

a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
Answer: b
66. Refer to Exhibit 3-2. The mode is
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
Answer: a
67. Refer to Exhibit 3-2. The mean is
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
Answer: c
68. Refer to Exhibit 3-2. The 75th percentile is
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
Answer: d

69. The following are the not components of time series


a) secular trend b) seasonal trend c) cyclical trend d) regular trend
70. The 30 students in a class did a survey of their favorite movie series and recorded the results as
follows:
Movies
Twilight
Harry Potter
Narnia
High school Musical
Pirates of the Caribbean
Total

Frequency
10
6
2
9
3
30

What was the relative frequency for High School Musical?

a) 0.09 b) 0.3 c) 0.33 D 0.43

Explanation: - 9 students out of 30 said their favorite was High School Musical.
Therefore the relative frequency was 9/30 = 3/10 = 0.3
71. The Lakers scored the following numbers of goals in their last twenty matches:
3, 0, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 4, 2, 3, 3, 0, 7, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3
Which number had the highest frequency?
a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 7
72. A fair die was thrown 100 times. The frequency distribution is shown in the following table:
How many throws scored greater than 2?
a) 26 b) 44 c) 45 d) 63
Explanation: - Greater than 2, it includes 3, 4, 5 and 6.
There were 11 throws scoring 3, 15 throws scoring 4, 19 throws scoring 5 and 21 throws scoring 6. 11 +
15 + 19 +21= 66
73. A fair die was thrown 100 times. The frequency distribution is shown in the following table:
How many throws scored less than 3 ?
a) 26 b) 44 c) 34 d) 16

74. A quantitative characteristics like weight of person, examination marks, is called ------a) variable b) attributes c) frequency d) none of these

75. If two variables tends to move together in the same direction is called ------------correlation
a) positive b) negative c) simple d) multiple
76. Sum of all observation divided by number of observation is known as -------.
a) median b) mean c)mode d) none of these
77. A qualitative characteristics like religion ,nationality,sex is called ------a) variable b) attributes c) frequency d) none of these
78. When the given data arranged in increasing or decreasing order of their values, the
middle most observation is called ----------------a) median b) mean c) mode d) none of these

79. If two variables tends to move together in the opposite direction is called ------------correlation
a) positive b) negative c) simple d) multiple
80. Measures of central tendency are known as_________
a) standard deviation b) sum c) average d) minimum
81. __________ quartile is also known as upper quartiles
a) first b) second c) third d) forth
82. The class having maximum frequency is called _________
a) median class b) median class c) modal class d) none of these
83. __________ quartile is also known as lower quartiles
a) first b) second c) third d) forth
84. The range of 12,5,7,22,13,18,25,20,21 is
a) 15 b) 12 c) 20 d) 25
85. The square of standard deviation is known as _________
a) mean b) standard deviation c) variance d) none of these
86. Standard deviation is -------------------------------a) relative measure b) absolute measure c) both d) none of these
87.Standard deviation is always taken from -------------a) median b) mode c) mean d) none of these
88.The standard deviation of 5,5,5,5,5,5,5 will be _________--a) 1 b) 0 c) 5 d) none of these
89. If correlation coefficient r = 0 then
a) positive correlation b) negative correlation c) no correlation d) none of these
90. Nationality of a person is _____________
a) a variable b) an attributes c) a discrete variable d) none of these
91. Diagrams and Graphs are tool of______________
a) collection data b) analysis c) presentation of data d) all of these
92. The mid point of a class is obtained by ______________
a) adding upper and lower limits
b) dividing the difference of upper and lower limits by two

c) adding upper and lower limits and dividing it by two


d) by deducting the upper limit from the lower limit.
93. The data originally collected from an investigation are known as _____
a) primary data b) secondary data c) both (a) & (b) d) none of these
94. Mode is found graphically by ________________
a) frequency polygon b) ogive simple bar diagram d) histogram
95. Median is found graphically by ________________
a) frequency polygon b) ogive simple bar diagram d) histogram
96. If the class interval 10-20 then midvalue or mid point of the class is
a) 10 b) 15 c)20 d) 30
97 The series of observation which contains two modes is called
a) unimodal b) bimodal c) trimodal d) none of these
98. Coefficient of variation is __________
a) relative measure b) absolute measure c) both (a)&(b) d) none of these
99. Which letter occurs the most frequently in the following sentence?
THE SUN ALWAYS SETS IN THE WEST.
a) E b) S c) T d) W

Explanation: - Construct a Frequency Distribution table as follow:

The letter that occurs the most frequently is S.

100.

The histogram shows the heights of 21 students in a class, grouped into 5-inch groups.
How many students were greater than or equal to 60 inches tall?
A 21 B 17 C 11 D 6

The number of students greater than or equal to 60 inches tall are shown in the bars
representing the groups 60 - 65, 65 - 70, 70 - 75 and 75 - 80
= 5 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 11
101) A class carried out an experiment to measure the lengths of cuckoo eggs. The
length of each egg was measured to the nearest mm. The results are shown in the
following histogram:
How many eggs were measured altogether in the experiment?
A 25 B 40 C 90 D 100

The number of eggs measured is found by adding the frequencies


= 1 + 8 + 17 + 40 + 26 + 8 = 100
102.

The histogram shows the birth weights of 100 new born babies.
How many babies weighed 8 lb or more?
a) 22 b) 23 c) 30 d) 45
The number of babies who weighed 8 lb or more can be found by adding the heights of the bars 8-to-9, 9to-10, 10-to-11 and 11-to-12
= 22 + 16 + 6 + 1= 45
100.
103. The word statistics has been derived from the
a) American word b) japani word c) latin word d) greek word
104. Systematic presentation of statistical fact is called
a) analysis b) tabulation c) classification d) presentation of data
105. The correlation between two variables is called as
a) multiple correlation b) partial correlation c) simple correlation d) total correlation

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