Chapter 2 - Atoms Molecules and Ions

Student: _________________________________________________________

1. The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as

A.
metalloids.
B.
a period.
C.
noble gases.
D.
a group.
E.
nonmetals.
2. Which of the following are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity?
A.
metals
B.
metalloids
C.
nonmetals
D.
alkaline earth metals
E.
alkali metals
3. Which of the following elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity?
A.
N
B.
S
C.
He
D.
Cl
E.
Fe
4. An anion is defined as
A.
a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.
B.
a stable atom.
C.
a group of stable atoms.
D.
an atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.
5. The scientist who determined the magnitude of the electric charge of the electron was
A.
John Dalton.
B.
Robert Millikan.
C.
J. J. Thomson.
D.
Henry Moseley.
E.
R. Chang.
6. When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he measure?
A.
its charge,
e
B.
its charge-to-mass ratio,
e/m
C.
its temperature,
T
D.
its mass,
m
E.
its atomic number,
Z
7. Which of the following scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?
A.
John Dalton
B.
Robert Millikan
C.
J. J. Thomson
D.
Henry Moseley
E.
Ernest Rutherford
8. Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that
A.
protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.

B.
electrons have a negative charge.
C.
electrons have a positive charge.
D.
atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
E.
protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.
9. What percentage of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is contributed by its electrons?
Given the mass of an electron is (1/1836) amu.
A.
0.027%
B.
6.0%
C.
33.0%
D.
50.0%
E.
99.97%
10. Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called
A.
ions.
B.
neutrons.
C.
allotropes.
D.
chemical families.
E.
isotopes.
11. How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208?
A.
82
B.
126
C.
208
D.
290
E.
none of these
12. An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n =
neutron, e = electron)
A.
15 p, 16 n, 15 e
B.
16 p, 15 n, 16 e
C.
16 p, 31 n, 16 e
D.
32 p, 31 n, 32 e
E.
16 p, 16 n, 15 e
13. Give the number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37.
A.
37 p, 37 e, 17 n
B.
17 p, 17 e, 37 n
C.
17 p, 17 e, 20 n
D.
37 p, 17 e, 20 n
E.
17 p, 37 e, 17 n
14. A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has
A.
12 protons and 13 electrons.
B.
24 protons and 26 electrons.
C.
12 protons and 10 electrons.
D.
24 protons and 22 electrons.
E.
12 protons and 14 electrons.
15. An aluminum ion, Al3+, has:
A.
13 protons and 13 electrons
B.
27 protons and 24 electrons
C.
16 protons and 13 electrons
D.
13 protons and 10 electrons
E.
10 protons and 13 electrons
16. An oxide ion, O2-, has:
A.
8 protons and 10 electrons
B.
10 protons and 8 electrons
C.
8 protons and 9 electrons

D.
8 protons and 7 electrons
E.
10 protons and 7 electrons
17. A sulfide ion, S2- , has:
A.
16 protons and 16 electrons
B.
32 protons and 16 electrons
C.
16 protons and 14 electrons
D.
16 protons and 18 electrons
E.
32 protons and 18 electrons
18. How many protons and electrons are present in one Br- ion?
A.
35 p, 35 e
B.
80 p, 81 e
C.
35 p, 34 e
D.
35 p, 36 e
E.
80 p, 34 e
19. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?
A.
P and Br
B.
Cu and K
C.
C and O
D.
O and Zn
E.
Al and Rb
20. Which pair of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?
A.
P and Br
B.
Zn and K
C.
F and Al
D.
C and S
E.
Al and Rb
21. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium ions and nitrate ions?
A.
Ca3N2
B.
Ca(NO3)2
C.
Ca2NO3
D.
Ca2NO2
E.
CaNO3
22. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium and selenium?
A.
CaSe
B.
Ca2Se
C.
CaSe2
D.
Ca3Se
E.
CaSe3
23. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by magnesium and iodine?
A.
MgI
B.
Mg2I
C.
MgI2
D.
MgI3
E.
Mg3I
24. What is the formula for the binary compound formed by potassium and nitrogen?
A.
KN
B.
K2N
C.
NK2
D.
K3N
E.
NK3
25. Which is the correct formula for copper(II) phosphate?
A.
Cu2PO4

B.
Cu3(PO4)2
C.
Cu2PO3
D.
Cu(PO4)2
E.
Cu(PO3)2
26. The chemical name for ClO3- is chlorate ion. Therefore, the name of HClO3 is
A.
hydrochloric acid
B.
chloroform
C.
hydrogen trioxychloride
D.
chlorous acid
E.
chloric acid
27. The chemical name for ClO2- is chlorite ion. Therefore, the name of HClO2 is
A.
hydrochloric acid
B.
chloroform
C.
hydrogen dioxychloride
D.
chlorous acid
E.
chloric acid
28. Which of the following is the formula for hydrobromic acid?
A.
KBr
B.
HBr
C.
HBrO
D.
HBrO2
E.
HBrO3
29. The formula for calcium phosphate is
A.
CaPO4.
B.
Ca3(PO4)2.
C.
Ca2(PO4)3.
D.
Ca3P2.
E.
Ca3(PO3)2.
30. The formula for magnesium sulfate is
A.
MnS
B.
MgS
C.
MnSO3
D.
MgSO4
E.
MnSO3
31. The formula for sodium sulfide is
A.
SNa.
B.
K2S.
C.
NaS2.
D.
Na2S.
E.
SeS.
32. The correct name for NH4NO3 is
A.
ammonium nitrate.
B.
ammonium nitrogen trioxide.
C.
ammonia nitrogen oxide.
D.
hydrogen nitrogen oxide.
E.
hydrogen nitrate.
33. The correct name for Ba(OH)2 is
A.
barium hydrogen oxide.
B.
boron hydroxide.
C.
barium hydrate.
D.
beryllium hydroxide.
E.
barium hydroxide.

34. The correct name for KHCO3 is

A.
calcium bicarbonate.
B.
calcium carbonate.
C.
potassium carbonate.
D.
calcium hydrogen carbon trioxide.
E.
potassium hydrogen carbonate.
35. The Stock system name for Mn2O7 is
A.
dimanganese heptaoxide.
B.
magnesium oxide.
C.
manganese(VII) oxide.
D.
manganese(II) oxide.
E.
manganese(III)
oxide.
36. The Stock system name for As2S5 is
A.
arsenic(V) sulfide.
B.
diarsenic pentasulfide.
C.
arsenic(III) sulfide.
D.
arsenic(V) sulfate.
E.
diarsenic sulfate.
37. Consistent with vanadium being a transition metal, the name for VSO4 should be
A.
vanadium sulfide.
B.
vanadium (I) sulfite.
C.
vanadium (I) sulfate.
D.
vanadium (II) sulfate.
E.
vanadium sulfur tetraoxide.
38. Which is the correct formula for lead(IV) chloride?
A.
Pb4Cl
B.
PbCl2
C.
PbCl3
D.
PbCl4
E.
Pb2Cl4
39. The chemical formula for iron(II) nitrate is
A.
Fe2(NO3)3
B.
Ir(NO2)2
C.
Fe2N3
D.
Fe(NO3)2
E.
Fe(NO2)2
40. The stock system name for CrSO3 is:
A.
chromium sulfide
B.
chromium(II) sulfite
C.
chromium(II)
sulfate
D.
chromium(III)
sulfite
E.
chromium sulfur oxide
41. The Stock system name for CrO3 is:
A.
chromium oxide
B.
chromium(II) oxide
C.
chromium(III) trioxide
D.
chromium(III) oxide
E.
chromium(VI) oxide
42. The stock system name for Cr2O3 is:

A.
chromium(III) oxide
B.
dichromium trioxide
C.
chromium(VI) oxide
D.
chromium trioxide
E.
chromium(II) oxide
43. The mineral pyrolusite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 63% of the mass of pyrolusite is
due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of pyrolusite?
A.
MnO
B.
Mn2O
C.
Mn2O2
D.
MnO2
E.
none of these
44. The mineral manganosite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 77% of the mass of
manganosite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of manganosite?
A.
MnO
B.
Mn2O
C.
Mn2O2
D.
MnO2
E.
none of these
45. The mineral hausmannite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 72% of the mass of
hausmannite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of hausmannite?
A.
MnO
B.
Mn3O
C.
Mn3O4
D.
Mn4O3
E.
MnO3
46. Describe the contributions of Marie Curie.
________________________________________
47. What is the law of conservation of mass?
________________________________________
48. What are the three subatomic particles that are important in chemistry?
________________________________________
49. What are the three types of radiation produced by the decay of substances like uranium?
________________________________________
50. How many electrons, protons, and neutrons does an iron-55 atom have?
________________________________________
51. Define the term molecule.
________________________________________
52. What are the seven elements that naturally occur as diatomic molecules.
________________________________________
53. Define ion.
________________________________________
54. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment with gold foil targets and alpha particles to
probe the structure of the atoms. He observed that most of these alpha particles penetrated the foil
undeflected. Realizing that atoms are electrically neutral (that is, they have equal numbers of protons and
electrons) and that the mass of a proton is significantly greater than the mass of an electron, use Rutherford's
data to propose a structural model of an atom.
________________________________________
55. Using the periodic table where are the alkali metals located?

________________________________________
56. Using the periodic table shown above where are the alkaline earth metals located?
________________________________________
57. Using the periodic table shown above where are the halogen elements located?
________________________________________
58. Using the periodic table shown above where are the noble gases located?
________________________________________
59. How many protons are there in one atom of
A. nickel?
B. magnesium?
C. xenon?
D. uranium?
E. iron?
________________________________________
60. A molecule of antifreeze, ethylene glycol, has the formula C2H4(OH)2. How many atoms are there in one
molecule of antifreeze?
________________________________________
61. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following?
a. 3H

#p________ #n________ #e________

b. 40Ca #p________ #n________ #e________

c. 18F

#p________ #n________ #e________

__________
62. Which one of the following is an ion?
A. B3+
B. NaCl
C. He
D. 14C
E. none of these
________________________________________
63. How many atoms are in one molecule of the following substances?
CaCl2 ______________ C6H12O6 __________
________________________________________
64. Give the formulas for the following:
A. Potassium oxide
B. Calcium chloride
C. Carbon disulfide
D. Lithium hydroxide
E. Nickel(II) sulfate

________________________________________
65. Name the following binary compounds:
A. FeS
B. NaH
C. CuCl
D. AgCl
E. Fe2O3
________________________________________
66. Name the following ternary compounds:
A. CuCO3
B. FeSO4
C. Na3PO4
D. Al(NO3)3
________________________________________
67. The table below describes four atoms.
Atom A Atom B Atom C Atom D
Number of protons

79

80

80

79

Number of neutrons 118

120

118

120

Number of electrons 79

80

80

79

Which atoms represent the same element?

What are the names of the element(s)?
__________
68. Consider a neutral atom of the element phosphorus.
A. How many electrons does the atom contain?
B. How many protons does the atom contain?
C. How many neutrons does the atom contain?
__________
69. Consider one neutral atom of the element potassium.
A. How many electrons does it contain?
B. How many protons does it contain?
C. How many neutrons does it contain?
__________
70. Consider one neutral bromine atom.
A. How many electrons does it contain?
B. How many protons does it contain?
C. How many neutrons does it contain?
__________
71. Consider a neutral atom of the element aluminum.
A. How many electrons are there?
B. How many protons are there?
C. How many neutrons are there?
__________
72. Two isotopes of an element differ only in their
A. symbol.
B. atomic number.

C. atomic mass.
D. number of protons.
E. number of electrons.
________________________________________
73. Write the names and symbols of two metals and two nonmetals?
________________________________________
74. Give formulas for the following compounds
A. Magnesium nitrate
B. Calcium phosphate
C. Iron(II) phosphate
D. Copper(II) bromide
E. Ammonium sulfate
__________
75. Give formulas for the following acids:
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Sulfuric acid
E. Hydrofluoric acid
________________________________________
76. The elements known as the halogens are useful as disinfectants. Name two halogens.
________________________________________
77. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to magnesium?
A.
sulfur
B.
calcium
C.
iron
D.
nickel
E.
potassium
78. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to oxygen?
A.
sulfur
B.
calcium
C.
iron
D.
nickel
E.
sodium
79. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to potassium?
A.
calcium
B.
arsenic
C.
phosphorus
D.
cerium
E.
cesium
80. How many protons and electrons are there in each of the following species?
A. O2-

#p________ #e________
-

B. NO3
C. Ni2+

#p________ #e________
#p________ #e________

D. NH4

#p________ #e________

__________
81. Define allotrope.
________________________________________
82. What are isotopes?
________________________________________

83. Name the following compounds:

A. NaNO2 _______________
B. KCl _______________
C. Mg(NO3)2 _______________
________________________________________
84. Write the formulas for the following compounds:
A. Ammonium phosphate __________________
B. Lead(II) chloride __________________
C. Calcium carbonate __________________
________________________________________
85. Almost all the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
True False
86. Marie Curie suggested the name "radioactivity" to describe the spontaneous emission of particles and/or
radiation.
True False
87. Using a cathode ray tube, J. J. Thomson determined the magnitude of the electric charge on the electron.
True False
88. When a beam of alpha particles passes between two electrically charged plates, the beam is deflected toward
the positive plate.
True False
89. The proton is about 1,840 times heavier than the electron.
True False
90. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.
True False
91. The number of neutrons in all atoms of an element is the same.
True False
92. An empirical formula tell us which elements are present in a compound and gives us the simplest, wholenumber ratio of the atoms of these elements in the compound.
True False
93. A potassium ion, K+, has
A.
39 protons and 18 electrons.
B.
18 protons and 19 electrons.
C.
20 protons and 18 electrons.
D.
39 protons and 39 electrons.
E.
19 protons and 18 electrons.
94. What is the formula for the ionic compound of magnesium and chlorine?
A.
MgCl3
B.
MgCl
C.
Mg2Cl 3
D.
Mg2Cl
E.
MgCl2
95. How many neutrons are in an atom of technecium with mass number 98?
A.
72
B.
98
C.
12
D.
55
E.
43
96. An atom of the isotope oxygen-18 (18 O) consists of how many protons, neutrons and electrons? (p=protons,
n=neutrons, e=electrons)
A.
18 p, 10 n, 8 e
B.
8 p, 10 n, 8 e
C.
8 p, 2 n, 8 e

D.
8 p, 11 n, 8 e
E.
8 p, 18 n, 8 e
97. Which of the following elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity?
A.
krypton
B.
silver
C.
argon
D.
phosphorous
E.
iodine

Chapter 2 - Atoms Molecules and Ions

KEY

1. The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as

a.
metalloids.
b.
a period.
c.
noble gases.
D
a group.
e.
nonmetals.
2. Which of the following are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity?
a.
metals
b.
metalloids
C
nonmetals
d.
alkaline earth metals
e.
alkali metals
3. Which of the following elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity?
a.
N
b.
S
c.
He
d.
Cl
E
Fe
4. An anion is defined as
A
a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.
b.
a stable atom.
c.
a group of stable atoms.
d.
an atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.
5. The scientist who determined the magnitude of the electric charge of the electron was
a.
John Dalton.
B
Robert Millikan.
c.
J. J. Thomson.
d.
Henry Moseley.
e.
R. Chang.
6. When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he measure?
a.
its charge,
e
B
its charge-to-mass ratio,
e/m
c.
its temperature,
T
d.
its mass,
m
e.
its atomic number,
Z
7. Which of the following scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?
a.
John Dalton
b.
Robert Millikan
c.
J. J. Thomson
d.
Henry Moseley
E
Ernest Rutherford
8. Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that
A
protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.
b.
electrons have a negative charge.

c.
electrons have a positive charge.
d.
atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
e.
protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.
9. What percentage of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is contributed by its electrons?
Given the mass of an electron is (1/1836) amu.
A
0.027%
b.
6.0%
c.
33.0%
d.
50.0%
e.
99.97%
10. Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called
a.
ions.
b.
neutrons.
c.
allotropes.
d.
chemical families.
E
isotopes.
11. How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208?
a.
82
B
126
c.
208
d.
290
e.
none of these
12. An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n =
neutron, e = electron)
a.
15 p, 16 n, 15 e
B
16 p, 15 n, 16 e
c.
16 p, 31 n, 16 e
d.
32 p, 31 n, 32 e
e.
16 p, 16 n, 15 e
13. Give the number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37.
a.
37 p, 37 e, 17 n
b.
17 p, 17 e, 37 n
C
17 p, 17 e, 20 n
d.
37 p, 17 e, 20 n
e.
17 p, 37 e, 17 n
14. A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has
a.
12 protons and 13 electrons.
b.
24 protons and 26 electrons.
C
12 protons and 10 electrons.
d.
24 protons and 22 electrons.
e.
12 protons and 14 electrons.
15. An aluminum ion, Al3+, has:
a.
13 protons and 13 electrons
b.
27 protons and 24 electrons
c.
16 protons and 13 electrons
D
13 protons and 10 electrons
e.
10 protons and 13 electrons
16. An oxide ion, O2-, has:
A
8 protons and 10 electrons
b.
10 protons and 8 electrons
c.
8 protons and 9 electrons
d.
8 protons and 7 electrons

e.
10 protons and 7 electrons
17. A sulfide ion, S2- , has:
a.
16 protons and 16 electrons
b.
32 protons and 16 electrons
c.
16 protons and 14 electrons
D
16 protons and 18 electrons
e.
32 protons and 18 electrons
18. How many protons and electrons are present in one Br- ion?
a.
35 p, 35 e
b.
80 p, 81 e
c.
35 p, 34 e
D
35 p, 36 e
e.
80 p, 34 e
19. Which of the following pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?
a.
P and Br
b.
Cu and K
c.
C and O
D
O and Zn
e.
Al and Rb
20. Which pair of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?
a.
P and Br
b.
Zn and K
C
F and Al
d.
C and S
e.
Al and Rb
21. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium ions and nitrate ions?
a.
Ca3N2
B
Ca(NO3)2
c.
Ca2NO3
d.
Ca2NO2
e.
CaNO3
22. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium and selenium?
A
CaSe
b.
Ca2Se
c.
CaSe2
d.
Ca3Se
e.
CaSe3
23. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by magnesium and iodine?
a.
MgI
b.
Mg2I
C
MgI2
d.
MgI3
e.
Mg3I
24. What is the formula for the binary compound formed by potassium and nitrogen?
a.
KN
b.
K2N
c.
NK2
D
K3N
e.
NK3
25. Which is the correct formula for copper(II) phosphate?
a.
Cu2PO4
B
Cu3(PO4)2

c.
Cu2PO3
d.
Cu(PO4)2
e.
Cu(PO3)2
26. The chemical name for ClO3- is chlorate ion. Therefore, the name of HClO3 is
a.
hydrochloric acid
b.
chloroform
c.
hydrogen trioxychloride
d.
chlorous acid
E
chloric acid
27. The chemical name for ClO2- is chlorite ion. Therefore, the name of HClO2 is
a.
hydrochloric acid
b.
chloroform
c.
hydrogen dioxychloride
D
chlorous acid
e.
chloric acid
28. Which of the following is the formula for hydrobromic acid?
a.
KBr
B
HBr
c.
HBrO
d.
HBrO2
e.
HBrO3
29. The formula for calcium phosphate is
a.
CaPO4.
B
Ca3(PO4)2.
c.
Ca2(PO4)3.
d.
Ca3P2.
e.
Ca3(PO3)2.
30. The formula for magnesium sulfate is
a.
MnS
b.
MgS
c.
MnSO3
D
MgSO4
e.
MnSO3
31. The formula for sodium sulfide is
a.
SNa.
b.
K2S.
c.
NaS2.
D
Na2S.
e.
SeS.
32. The correct name for NH4NO3 is
A
ammonium nitrate.
b.
ammonium nitrogen trioxide.
c.
ammonia nitrogen oxide.
d.
hydrogen nitrogen oxide.
e.
hydrogen nitrate.
33. The correct name for Ba(OH)2 is
a.
barium hydrogen oxide.
b.
boron hydroxide.
c.
barium hydrate.
d.
beryllium hydroxide.
E
barium hydroxide.
34. The correct name for KHCO3 is

a.
calcium bicarbonate.
b.
calcium carbonate.
c.
potassium carbonate.
d.
calcium hydrogen carbon trioxide.
E
potassium hydrogen carbonate.
35. The Stock system name for Mn2O7 is
a.
dimanganese heptaoxide.
b.
magnesium oxide.
C
manganese(VII) oxide.
d.
manganese(II) oxide.
e.
manganese(III)
oxide.
36. The Stock system name for As2S5 is
A
arsenic(V) sulfide.
b.
diarsenic pentasulfide.
c.
arsenic(III) sulfide.
d.
arsenic(V) sulfate.
e.
diarsenic sulfate.
37. Consistent with vanadium being a transition metal, the name for VSO4 should be
a.
vanadium sulfide.
b.
vanadium (I) sulfite.
c.
vanadium (I) sulfate.
D
vanadium (II) sulfate.
e.
vanadium sulfur tetraoxide.
38. Which is the correct formula for lead(IV) chloride?
a.
Pb4Cl
b.
PbCl2
c.
PbCl3
D
PbCl4
e.
Pb2Cl4
39. The chemical formula for iron(II) nitrate is
a.
Fe2(NO3)3
b.
Ir(NO2)2
c.
Fe2N3
D
Fe(NO3)2
e.
Fe(NO2)2
40. The stock system name for CrSO3 is:
a.
chromium sulfide
B
chromium(II) sulfite
c.
chromium(II)
sulfate
d.
chromium(III)
sulfite
e.
chromium sulfur oxide
41. The Stock system name for CrO3 is:
a.
chromium oxide
b.
chromium(II) oxide
c.
chromium(III) trioxide
d.
chromium(III) oxide
E
chromium(VI) oxide
42. The stock system name for Cr2O3 is:
A
chromium(III) oxide

b.
dichromium trioxide
c.
chromium(VI) oxide
d.
chromium trioxide
e.
chromium(II) oxide
43. The mineral pyrolusite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 63% of the mass of pyrolusite is
due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of pyrolusite?
a.
MnO
b.
Mn2O
c.
Mn2O2
D
MnO2
e.
none of these
44. The mineral manganosite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 77% of the mass of
manganosite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of manganosite?
A
MnO
b.
Mn2O
c.
Mn2O2
d.
MnO2
e.
none of these
45. The mineral hausmannite is a compound of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If 72% of the mass of
hausmannite is due to manganese, what is the empirical formula of hausmannite?
a.
MnO
b.
Mn3O
C
Mn3O4
d.
Mn4O3
e.
MnO3
46. Describe the contributions of Marie Curie.
(note that answers will vary) Marie Curie discovered two new elements, and is one of three people to win
two Nobel Prizes. She also suggested the term "radioactivity" to describe the spontaneous emission of
particles and/or radiation.
47. What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter can be neither created nor destroyed.
48. What are the three subatomic particles that are important in chemistry?
electrons, protons, and neutrons
49. What are the three types of radiation produced by the decay of substances like uranium?
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
50. How many electrons, protons, and neutrons does an iron-55 atom have?
26 electrons, 26 protons, and 29 neutrons
51. Define the term molecule.
A molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical
forces.
52. What are the seven elements that naturally occur as diatomic molecules.
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
53. Define ion.
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge.
54. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment with gold foil targets and alpha particles to
probe the structure of the atoms. He observed that most of these alpha particles penetrated the foil
undeflected. Realizing that atoms are electrically neutral (that is, they have equal numbers of protons and
electrons) and that the mass of a proton is significantly greater than the mass of an electron, use Rutherford's
data to propose a structural model of an atom.
(Answers will vary.) Atoms are mostly empty space. The mass is concentrated mostly at the center of the
atom.
55. Using the periodic table where are the alkali metals located?

Group 1A
56. Using the periodic table shown above where are the alkaline earth metals located?
Group 2A
57. Using the periodic table shown above where are the halogen elements located?
Group 7A
58. Using the periodic table shown above where are the noble gases located?
Group 8A
59. How many protons are there in one atom of
A. nickel?
B. magnesium?
C. xenon?
D. uranium?
E. iron?
A. 28
B. 12
C. 54
D. 92
E. 26
60. A molecule of antifreeze, ethylene glycol, has the formula C2H4(OH)2. How many atoms are there in one
molecule of antifreeze?
10
61. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following?
a. 3H

#p________ #n________ #e________

b. 40Ca #p________ #n________ #e________

c. 18F

#p________ #n________ #e________

62. Which one of the following is an ion?

A. B3+
B. NaCl
C. He
D. 14C
E. none of these
A

63. How many atoms are in one molecule of the following substances?
CaCl2 ______________ C6H12O6 __________
3, 24
64. Give the formulas for the following:
A. Potassium oxide
B. Calcium chloride
C. Carbon disulfide
D. Lithium hydroxide
E. Nickel(II) sulfate
A. K2O
B. CaCl2
C. CS2
D. LiOH
E. NiSO4
65. Name the following binary compounds:
A. FeS
B. NaH
C. CuCl
D. AgCl
E. Fe2O3
A. Iron(II) sulfide
B. Sodium hydride
C. Copper(I) chloride
D. Silver chloride
E. Ferric oxide or iron(III) oxide
66. Name the following ternary compounds:
A. CuCO3
B. FeSO4
C. Na3PO4
D. Al(NO3)3
A. Copper(II) carbonate
B. Iron(II) sulfate
C. Sodium phosphate
D. Aluminum nitrate
67. The table below describes four atoms.
Atom A Atom B Atom C Atom D
Number of protons

79

80

80

79

Number of neutrons 118

120

118

120

Number of electrons 79

80

80

79

Which atoms represent the same element?

What are the names of the element(s)?
Atoms A and D represent the same element, Atoms B and C represent the same element. A and D are
gold; B and C are mercury
68. Consider a neutral atom of the element phosphorus.
A. How many electrons does the atom contain?
B. How many protons does the atom contain?
C. How many neutrons does the atom contain?
A. 15 B. 15 C. 16
69. Consider one neutral atom of the element potassium.

A. How many electrons does it contain?

B. How many protons does it contain?
C. How many neutrons does it contain?
A. 19 B. 19 C. 21
70. Consider one neutral bromine atom.
A. How many electrons does it contain?
B. How many protons does it contain?
C. How many neutrons does it contain?
A. 35 B. 35 C. 46
71. Consider a neutral atom of the element aluminum.
A. How many electrons are there?
B. How many protons are there?
C. How many neutrons are there?
A. 13 B. 13 C. 14
72. Two isotopes of an element differ only in their
A. symbol.
B. atomic number.
C. atomic mass.
D. number of protons.
E. number of electrons.
c
73. Write the names and symbols of two metals and two nonmetals?
(Answers will vary.) iron, Fe; sodium, Na; chlorine, Cl; nitrogen, N
74. Give formulas for the following compounds
A. Magnesium nitrate
B. Calcium phosphate
C. Iron(II) phosphate
D. Copper(II) bromide
E. Ammonium sulfate
A. Mg(NO3)2
B. Ca3(PO4)2
C. Fe3(PO4)2
D. CuBr2
E. (NH4)2SO4
75. Give formulas for the following acids:
A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Sulfuric acid
E. Hydrofluoric acid
A. HCl
B. H2CO3
C. HNO3
D. H2SO4
E. HF
76. The elements known as the halogens are useful as disinfectants. Name two halogens.
Iodine, chlorine
77. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to magnesium?

a.
sulfur
B
calcium
c.
iron
d.
nickel
e.
potassium
78. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to oxygen?
A
sulfur
b.
calcium
c.
iron
d.
nickel
e.
sodium
79. Which of the following elements is chemically similar to potassium?
a.
calcium
b.
arsenic
c.
phosphorus
d.
cerium
E
cesium
80. How many protons and electrons are there in each of the following species?
A. O2-

#p________ #e________

B. NO3- #p________ #e________

C. Ni2+

#p________ #e________
+

D. NH4

#p________ #e________

81. Define allotrope.

An allotrope is one of the two or more distinct forms of an element.
82. What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
83. Name the following compounds:
A. NaNO2 _______________
B. KCl _______________
C. Mg(NO3)2 _______________
A. Sodium nitrite
B. Potassium chloride
C. Magnesium nitrate
84. Write the formulas for the following compounds:
A. Ammonium phosphate __________________
B. Lead(II) chloride __________________
C. Calcium carbonate __________________
A. (NH4)3PO4
B. PbCl2
C. CaCO3
85. Almost all the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

TRUE
86. Marie Curie suggested the name "radioactivity" to describe the spontaneous emission of particles and/or
radiation.
TRUE
87. Using a cathode ray tube, J. J. Thomson determined the magnitude of the electric charge on the electron.
FALSE
88. When a beam of alpha particles passes between two electrically charged plates, the beam is deflected toward
the positive plate.
FALSE
89. The proton is about 1,840 times heavier than the electron.
TRUE
90. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.
TRUE
91. The number of neutrons in all atoms of an element is the same.
FALSE
92. An empirical formula tell us which elements are present in a compound and gives us the simplest, wholenumber ratio of the atoms of these elements in the compound.
TRUE
93. A potassium ion, K+, has
a.
39 protons and 18 electrons.
b.
18 protons and 19 electrons.
c.
20 protons and 18 electrons.
d.
39 protons and 39 electrons.
E
19 protons and 18 electrons.
94. What is the formula for the ionic compound of magnesium and chlorine?
a.
MgCl3
b.
MgCl
c.
Mg2Cl 3
d.
Mg2Cl
E
MgCl2
95. How many neutrons are in an atom of technecium with mass number 98?
a.
72
b.
98
c.
12
D
55
e.
43
96. An atom of the isotope oxygen-18 (18 O) consists of how many protons, neutrons and electrons? (p=protons,
n=neutrons, e=electrons)
a.
18 p, 10 n, 8 e
B
8 p, 10 n, 8 e
c.
8 p, 2 n, 8 e
d.
8 p, 11 n, 8 e
e.
8 p, 18 n, 8 e
97. Which of the following elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity?
a.
krypton
B
silver
c.
argon
d.
phosphorous
e.
iodine