Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Chronology
After that
Result
Consequently
Difference
However
Addition
Moreover
Conclusion
In conclusion
For instance
Later on
As a result
In contrast
In addition
In short
First, etc
Therefore
On the other
Furthermore
All in all
Next
hand
Then
TWO FURTHER POINTS TO NOTE ABOUT THIS PUNCTUATION PATTERN:
If the transition is a short, single syllable transition, and it comes at the beginning of a
sentence, it is acceptable to eliminate the comma.
Example:
First, we went to the movies or First we went to the movies.
The use of for example and such as can be confusing. Pay attention to the
examples below:
a. There are many memorials for soldiers in the United States. For example, the
USS Arizona honors soldiers who died at Pearl Harbor at the beginning of
World War II.
b. There are many memorials for soldiers in the United States, such as, the USS
Arizona, the Korean Veterans Memorial and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
When a sentence begins with an adverbial clause, there must be a comma between
this clause and the main, or independent clause. For example:
Because he was sixty five, he was forced to retire
If I have enough time, I will make a cake for our party.
Chronology
After
Causation
Because
Unexpected Result
Although
Difference
Whereas
Before
Since
Even though
While
Condition
if
While
When
Until
When an adverbial clause beginning with while and whereas come after an
independent clause, use a comma.
AND
It is commonly used only as connector within a sentence, not in the beginning of
sentence.
Example:
To read a book and watch television can be a good way in developing our knowledge
NOT
And to read a book and watch television can be good way in developing our knowledge
CHALLENGE
COMMA SPLICE
E.G.
My dad hung a bird feeder in the backyard, he loves to watch the birds eat from it.
FOUR WAYS TO CORRECT IT:
1. Put a period in the place of the comma and capitalize the first word of the next
sentence
My dad hung a bird feeder in the backyard. He loves to watch the birds eat from
it.
2. Put a semicolon in the place of the comma
My dad hung a bird feeder in the backyard; he loves to watch the bird eat from it.
3. Insert a coordinating conjunction.
My dad hung a bird feeder in the backyard, and he loves to watch the birds eat
from it.
4. Change one of the clauses into a dependent clause by starting it with a
subordinating conjunction.
Since my dad hung a bird feeder in the backyard, he loves to watch the birds eat
from it.
RUN ON SENTENCES
Two or more independent clauses follow each other without any punctuation.
E.G.
Cutting down the rain forest leads to the extinction of plants and animals their
habitats are destroyed.
There are three kinds of teachers: good, bad, and indifferent. (adjectives)
Henry got home, kissed his wife, got a beer and sat down to watch the game
(verbs)
Jumping, skipping and hopping are what little children do best. (gerunds)
CHALLENGE:
Add commas to these sentences. Then, identify the grammatical structure in each list.
1. The suspect was messy smelly and half dead._____________________________
2. Im not sure if our boss went to Bali Fiji or Tahiti on vacation.________________
3. Across the street behind the house and under the picnic table, youll find the last
Easter egg._________________________________________________________
4. The team played hard made lots of points but lost the game.__________________
5. Jill Jackson Louis Diana and I ate three pizzas last night.____________________
6. Jen bought a big floppy blue hat on 18th Street.____________________________