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1. Nouns
Common and proper
Presentation
A Look at the picture and read about it.
This is a girl.
Her name is Mina. She has a dog.
The dog is called Blackie.
They live in a village.
They call their village Gairigaun.
B Here are some words from above. These words are nouns.
Some begin with a small letter and others with a capital letter.
Can you tell why?
girl
dog
village
Mina
Blackie
Gairigaun
Practice
A Copy the nouns from the box in the right place.
Remember to use capital letters for proper nouns.
city
gopal
man
pokhara
tree
kathmandu stone
ganga
ramayana
nepal
simran
monkey
book
country
Common nouns
Proper nouns
B Copy the sentences below. Use capital letters for proper nouns.
Production
My name is
I live in ...
My schools name is ..
. is the name of my country.
. is the name of my district.
The place where I live is called
B Rani has got three new pets. She is trying to give them names.
Can you suggest three different names for each pet?
Extension
A Name four places you have visited.
2. Nouns
Singular and plural
Presentation
A Read this. Pay attention to the highlighted words.
bird
hunter
gun
tree
hunters
branches
guns
Focus on s
Singular noun means one.
Plural noun means more than one.
Many plural nouns end with the letter s.
Practice
A Can you tell if these nouns are singular or plural?
child
bus
forests
lotus
stones
book
pencils
toy
bag
branches
egg
rivers
page
computers
keyboard
knives
rupee
ears
mouse
bones
foxes
Singular nouns
Plural nouns
Focus on y endings
Practice
boy
cry
tray
lady
key
fairy
day
puppy
tax
watch
fox
bush
mass
bench
glass
face
life
leaf
loaf
12
knife
10
Practice
F Match the singular nouns with their plural forms.
1. foot
appendices
2. goose
data
3. mouse
deer
4. woman
feet
5. tooth
geese
6. sheep
lice
7. louse
media
8. deer
mice
9. medium
people
10. person
sheep
11. datum
teeth
12. appendix
women
Production
A Write the plural forms of these nouns.
cross
staple
farm
computer
teacher
country
loaf
foot
life
woman
home
sky
problem
turkey
farmer
cloud
nose
valley
man
river
inch
owl
day
copy
C Look around you. What things do you see that are more than one
in number? List five such nouns here.
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3. Nouns
Pancakes
Pancakes, pancakes
Bubbling in the pan
Toss them high, watch them fall
Catch them if you can!
Eggs and creamy milk
Beaten up and down
Add the flour, stir some more
Round and round and round!
Take a plate, stack them high,
Pancakes hot and brownSqueeze the lemon, eat with honey
The very best in town!
B Look at the highlighted nouns in the poem. Which ones can
you count and which ones can you not ? List them here.
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pancake pancakes
egg eggs
They can be counted. They are countable nouns.
Some nouns do not have a plural form.
flour
milk
honey
They cannot be counted. They are uncountable nouns.
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Practice
A Copy the nouns from the box in the right place.
pen
bookshops
salt
girls
car
rice
tables
oil
finger
doll
butter
rivers
milk
tree
eyes
Uncountable nouns
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Practice
B Write C for countable and U for uncountable nouns.
book
hair
tea
air
toe
sand
water
milk powder
apple
plate
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Countable nouns:
Uncountable nouns:
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Production
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
4. Adjectives
Presentation
A Read this text.
happy
large
blue
two
angry
small
red
ten
sad
thin
pink
first
wild
heavy
dark
last
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Practice
A Underline the adjectives in these sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Production
a sunny day
and
B Use adjectives of your own to complete this poem about an
elephant.
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Extension
Read this story. Do the activities as you read along.
old
shiny
bad
happy
brilliant
useless
poor
large
heavy
The goldsmith stayed awake all night counting his ________ gold
coins. He slept during the day as he didnt sleep at night. The shoe
makers singing disturbed him. He thought the songs were _________
and __________ He thought, What can I do to make the shoemaker
stop singing? One day he made a _________ plan. He called the
__________ shoemaker and gave him a __________ bag full of
goldcoins as a gift. The shoemaker was __________ to get this gift.
He took the __________ bag and stored it in an __________ box in
his house. He started worrying about his __________ gold coins from
that day, and he stopped singing!
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5. Adjectives
Comparison
Presentation
A Read this interesting story about three cats and a monkey.
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Practice
A Fill in the blanks with the comparative forms of the
adjectives given in brackets. Dont forget to use with
the comparative form!
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Practice
B Fill in the blanks with the superlative forms of the adjectives
given in brackets. Dont forget to use the in front of superlatives!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Production
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A Rewrite each sentence using either the comparative or the superlative form
of the adjective.
1. Hari is _________________________Gopal. (intelligent)
2. The whale is _________________________ animal in the world. (large)
3. This road is _________________________ that road. (long)
4. The Cheetah is _________________________ animal on earth. (fast)
5. Running is _________________________ walking. (difficult)
6. The bridge was _________________________ the road. (wide)
B Write five sentences of your own using comparative adjectives.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
C Write five sentences of your own using superlative adjectives.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Extension
A Look around the class. Make comparisons.
B Compare the different towns and cities of Nepal.
The Frog
The frog jumps quickly.
The frog jumps quickly, unwillingly.
The frog jumps quickly, unwillingly, hastily, blindly.
When he sees a snake appear hungrily.
B What does the frog do? How does it do it?
Verbs tell us of something being doneTo read, count, sing, jump or run.
How things are done, the adverbs tellAs slowly, quickly, badly or well!
A verb is a doing word. It shows the action.
The frog jumps.
We eat food.
An adverb tells us more about the verb.
It tells us how the action takes place.
jump quickly
appear hungrily
An adverb tells us:
how the action takes place
when the action takes place
where the action takes place
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Practice
A All the words in the box are adverbs. Put each adverb under the
correct heading.
yesterday
happily
hastily
well
inside
nearby
tomorrow
later
never
there
always
easily
How:
When:
Where:
quietly
slowly
angrily
noisily
quickly
loudly
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Practice
C Finish these sentences with adverbs of your own. The
question words in brackets will help you.
Production
A Read this adverb poem. Write a similar poem of your own.
Use adverbs given in the box. You may also use adverbs of
your own.
quietly
gently
softly
lightly
swiftly
brightly
loudly
lovingly
Extension
We can make adverbs by adding ly to some adjectives.
high highly
smart smartly
happy happily
1. strong strongly
The boy kicked the ball strongly.
2. happy _________
__________________________________________
3. beautiful _________
_________________________________________
4. loud _________
____________________________________________
5. soft _________
____________________________________________
B Discuss about different activities you do. Tell how, when
and where you do them.
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7. Verbs
get up at 6 oclock.
go to school on time.
work hard.
He
She
It
Ram
Meena
gets up at 6 oclock.
goes to school on time.
works hard.
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Practice
A Tick (P) the correct words in the brackets.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the
brackets.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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Practice
C This is Gopis morning routine.
Production
Write about your familys daily activities.
8. Verbs
Boy
Girl
Boy
Girl
:
:
:
:
reading.
laughing.
singing.
dancing.
playing.
drawing.
running.
jumping.
sleeping.
writing.
walking.
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Practice
A Tick (P) the correct words in the brackets.
Fill in the blanks with the present continuous form of the verbs
given in the brackets. Do not forget to use am, is or are.
Production
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9. Verbs
The simple past tense
Presentation
A Look at what the boy and the girl are saying.
write wrote
sleep slept
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Practice
A Use the past tense of the verbs in the box to fill in the blanks.
wake
win
teach
sing
fall
dance
steal
hurt
carry
ring.
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Practice
B Rewrite these sentences in the simple past tense.
Production
Circle all the verbs in this story. Then rewrite the story using the
past tense form of the verbs.
10. Verbs
Girl:
Boy:
Girl:
Boy:
Girl:
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I was swimming.
He
She
was
It
Singular noun
You
We
They
Plural noun
were
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Practice
A Fill in the blanks with the past continuous form of the verbs given
in brackets.
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Practice
B Fill in the blanks with the past continuous form of the verbs
given in brackets.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Production
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11. Verbs
44
45
I shall go.
I will buy.
You will come.
We will play.
Remember !
We use shall or will with I and we.
We use will with he, she, it, you and they.
Practice
A Complete the sentences in the future tense.
Use the verbs given in the box.
get
be
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
grow
watch
do
read
eat
carry
getup
see
Mohan is six years old. Next year he ___________ seven years old.
Give me the book. I ___________ it tonight.
Lets walk faster. It ___________ dark soon.
I ___________ TV after I finish my homework.
My puppy ___________ into a big dog next year.
Someone is at the door. I ___________ who it is.
I ___________ my homework after dinner.
Its raining outside. I ___________ an umbrella.
I ___________ early tomorrow morning.
Its lunchtime. I ___________ my lunch.
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Practice
A Saru tells you about her morning routine here.
12. Articles
47
Presentation
A Read the text given below. Pay attention
to the highlighted words as you read.
a boy
a mango
an apple
the boy
the mango
the apple
a an the
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Practice
Complete these passages by filling in a, an or the correctly.
Production
A Write a few sentences about each of the pictures. Remember
to use a or an when you mention the singular noun for the
first time. Use the when you repeat the noun.
This is a girl.
The girl is carrying a bag.
The bag looks heavy.
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
.......................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
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Extension
We use an before the silent h.
an hour
an honour
We use a before u and eu when they sound like y.
a uniform (say yoo-niform)
a eucalyptus (say yoo-calyptus)
European tourist
house
useless dress
honourable man
umbrella
unicorn
hour and a half
university
unhappy man
honest boy
13. Prepositions
Presentation
A Mr Monkey has lost something.
Read what he says.
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Practice
A Look at the picture. Write where the ball is in each picture.
...........................
...........................
...........................
behind
between
...........................
........................... ...........................
on
under
in front of
in
1. The man stood next to the lion and held the umbrella over it.
2. The postman is at the door.
3. The monkeys stood opposite each other.
4. There is a clock on the wall below the picture.
5. The manager sat at his desk on his chair.
6. Mr. Monkey looked through his binoculars.
7. He saw a dog among the cats.
8. Meena is standing by the window.
9. The car is parked near the gate.
10. He is leaning against the door.
Production
Look at the picture.
Write at least ten sentences describing the picture.
Use prepositions in each sentence.
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Extension
We use prepositions to tell the time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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14. Pronouns
Presentation
A Read the poem and identify the speaker.
Who am I?
I stop by your house
Almost every day
But do not ask me in,
I have got no time to stay.
I have got places to go
Lots of stuff to deliver.
Sometimes I am a taker
And sometimes a giver.
I am not sure what I am bringing
Or what has been sent
Which makes sense,
Since I work for the government.
I love that on Saturday
I get to saw logs,
But I would like my job more
If there were not any dogs.
I am a
teacher
policeman
postman
driver
B Sit in groups and talk about other people and their professions.
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me
myself
he
him
himself
she
her
herself
you
you
yourself
it
it
itself
we
us
ourselves
they
them
themselves
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Practice
A Choose pronouns from the box to replace the underlined
words in the sentences. Rewrite the sentences using pronouns.
they
her
him
it
we
she
he
them
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Practice
B Use a pronoun from the box to finish each sentence.
myself
himself
herself
yourself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2. I want to do it .
6. They decided to do it .
Production
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This is a candle.
This is Deepa.
It is burning.
.................................... ........................................................
15. Conjunctions
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Presentation
A Read this conversation once. Then practise it with a friend.
Boy: Did you see the python and the crocodile too?
Girl: I saw the crocodile but I did not see the python.
I could not see it because it was hiding.
Boy: What about the tiger?
Girl: Oh, the tiger was sleeping, so I could not see it clearly.
B Look at the highlighted words in the conversation.
What do you think they are called? How are they useful?
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I am a wild animal like the tiger and the lion but I dont
eat meat like them because I am a vegetarian.
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Practice
A Join the following pairs of sentences using and.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Practice
C Join the following pairs of sentences using because.
Production
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16. Punctuation
Comma
Presentation
A Read this conversation.
Boy: Meena, what have you got in your bag?
Girl: I have got a picture, Hari.
Boy: Oh, it looks pretty.
Girl: There are flowers, trees, birds and animals.
Boy: Yes, it looks really colourful.
B What is the function of a comma [,]? Discuss.
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Practice
A Rewrite these sentences using commas where necessary.
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Production
A Complete the following to make your own lists.
1. I will buy .. .. ..
.. .. and
.. for Dashain.
2. .. .. .. .. and
..
Extension
Put commas in the text where necessary, and read it aloud to the class.
Remember to pause a bit where there is comma while reading.
I met a little thin dark and friendly-looking boy on my way to school.
He smiled at me and said, Good morning my friend. I said, Good
morning. Can I help you?
Yes could you show me the way to Pashupati please? he said.
I said, Oh it is easy. Go straight along this road until you come to a
shop that sells flowers incense garlands books and pictures of gods.
Turn right and youll see the Pashupati temple.
He smiled again and said, Thank you friend.