ANSWER

1) (a)
Concentration 0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
of HCl (M)
Kepekatan
HC1 (M)
Time (sec)
23.0
18.0
14.0
10.5
Masa (saat)
(b) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(b) Mg(p) + 2HCl(ak) MgCl2(ak) + H2(g)
(c) (i) Concentration of hydrochloric acid
(ii) Time taken for magnesium ribbon to dissolve.
(iii) Length of magnesium ribbon.
(c) (i) Kepekatan asid hidroklorik
(ii) Masa yang diambil bagi pita magnesium untuk larut.
(iii) Panjang pita magnesium
(d)

0.50

7.5

Both axes are labeled.

(1m)
All points are transferred correctly.
(1m)
Best straight line.
(1m)
Kedua-dua paksi dilabel.
(1m)
Kesemua titik dipindahkan dengan betul (1m)
Garis lurus terbentuk.
(1m)
(e) Less than 23 seconds.
Sulphuric acid is dibasic whereas hydrochloric acid is monobasic.
HCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO 24
One mole of HCl produces 1 mole of H+ ion whereas 1 mole of H2SO4 produces two
moles of H+. The higher the hydrogen ions concentration, the higher the rate of
reaction.
(e) Kurang daripada 23 saat.
Asid sulfurik ialah dwibes manakala asid hidroklorik ialah monobes.

ANSWER
HCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO 24
Satu mol HCl menghasilkan 1 mol ion H+ manakala 1 mol H2SO4 menghasilkan
dua molv H+. Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion hidrogen, semakin tinggi kadar
tindak
balas.
(f) The higher the concentration of the HCl solution, the greater the number of H+ ion per
cm3 of the solution. Therefore frequency of collisions of the H+ on the surface of the
magnesium ribbon increases. The rate of reaction will thus increase.
(f) Semakin tinggi kepekatan larutan HCI, semakin tinggi bilangan ion H+ per cm3
larutan. Maka, kekerapan pelanggaran H+ pada permukaan pita magnesium bertambah.
Maka, kadar tindak balas juga bertambah.
(a) Size of the marble chips. Temperature of the hydrochloric acid. Concentration of
the hydrochloric acid.
(a) Saiz ketulan marmar. Suhu asid hidroklorik. Kepekatan asid hidroklorik.
(b) 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3 (s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
The reaction between HCl and CaCO3 (marble chips) produces CO2 gas which is released
into the atmosphere. Thus the mass of contents in the conical flask decreases.
(b) 2HCl(ak) + CaCO3 (p) CaCl2(ak) + CO2(g) + H2O(c)
Tindak balas antara HCl dan CaCO3 (ketulan marmar) menghasilkan gas CO2 yang
dibebaskan ke atmosfera. Maka, jisim kandungan dalam kelalang kon berkurang.
(c)
Time (min)
Electronic balance reading (g)
Total mass loss (g)
Masa (min)
Bacaan penimbang elektronik Jumlah kehilangan jisim (g)
(g)
0
102.5 0
0
2
102.32
0.18
8
102.20
0.30
12
102.12
0.38
16
102.06
0.44
20
102.02
0.48
(d) A graph of total mass loss against time was plotted. The sketch of the graph is shown
below :
(d) Graf jumlah kehilangan jisim melawan masa diplotkan. Lakaran graf ditunjukkan di
bawah:
2)

ANSWER

From the graph it can be seen that the gradient of the graph (the rate of reaction)
a
c
decreases with time that is
> .
b
d
Thus the rate of reaction decreases with time.
Daripada graf, dapat dilihat kecerunan garaf (kadar tindak balas) berkurang dengan
a
c
masa iaitu
> .
b
d
(e)

Before a reaction can occur, the hydrogen ions of the acid must collide with the
calcium carbonate.
2H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
As time proceeds, some H+ had reacted. The concentration of the H+ decreases with time.
The frequency of collisions between the H+ and the CaCO3 decreases. Thus the rate of
reaction decreases with time.
Sebelum tindak balas berlaku, ion hidrogen asid mesti berlanggar dengan kalsium
karbonat.
2H+(ak) + CaCO3(p) Ca2+(ak) + CO2(g) + H2O(c)
Apabila masa berjalan, beberapa H+ telah bertindak balas. Kepekatanh H+ berkurang
dengan masa. Kekerapan pelanggaran antara H+ dan CaCO3 berkurang. Maka, kadar
tindak balas berkurang dengan masa.
(f) By determining the volume of carbon dioxide gas released at 15 second intervals.

ANSWER
(f) Dengan menentukan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan pada selang 15
saat.
3) (a)

Does copper(II) sulphate catalyse the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?
(a) Adakah kuprum(II) sulfat memangkinkan tindak balas antara zink dan asid
hidroklorik?
(b) (i) Manipulated variable : Presence or absence of copper(II) sulphate.
(ii) Responding variable : Rate of reaction
(iii) Controlled variable : Temperature and concentration of the HCl
(b) (i) Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Kehadiran atau ketidakhadiran kuprum(II) sulfat
(ii) Pembolehubah bergerak balas : Kadar tindak balas
(iii) Pembolehubah dikawal : Suhu dan kepekatan HCI.
(c) Apparatus : Conical flask, burette, stop watch, basin, delivery tube,
100 ml measuring cylinder, electronic balance.
Chemicals : 100 ml of 0.5 mole dm-3 of hydrochloric acid, 1 g of copper sulphate, water,
zinc.
(c) Radas : Kelalang kon, buret, jam randik, besen, tiub penghantar, silinder penyukat
100 ml, penimbang elektronik.
Bahan kimia : 100 ml 0.5 mole dm-3 asid hidroklorik, 1 g kuprum sulfat, air, zink
(d) Procedure
(d) Prosedur

A burette was filled with water and then inverted into a basin of water. The water level in
the burette was adjusted to give 50 ml reading.
50 ml of 0.5 mole dm-3 of hydrochloric acid was poured into a conical flask.
6 gram of granulated zinc was weighed using an electronic balance.
The zinc was added into the acid. The conical flask was stoppered and the stop watch was
started immediately. The time taken to collect 50 cm 3 of the hydrogen gas was recorded.
The experiment was repeated; this time 1 gram of copper(II) sulphate was added to the
zinc and HCl mixture. The time taken to collect 50 cm 3 of the hydrogen gas was
recorded.

ANSWER
Sebuah buret diisi dengan air dan kemudian diterbalikkan dalam sebuah besen air. Aras
air dalam buret disesuaikan untuk memberikan bacaan 50 ml.
50 ml 0.5 mole dm-3 asid hidroklorik dituang ke dalam kelalang kon.
6 gram granul zink ditimbang menggunakan mesin penimbang.
Zink ditambah ke dalam asid. Kelalang kon ditutup dan jam randik dimulakan dengan
segera. Masa yang diambil bagi untuk mengumpul 50 cm 3 gas hidrogen dicatatkan.
Eksperimen diulang; pada kali ini 1 gram kuprum(II) sulfat ditambah kepada campuran
zink dan HCl. Masa yang diambil bagi mengumpul 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik dicatatkan.
(e) Tabulation
Penjadualan
Mixture
Time of reaction (sec)
Campuran
Masa tindak balas (saat)
3
-3
50 cm of 0.5 mol dm HCl + 6 g of zinc.
x
50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl + 6 g zink.
50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl + 6 g of zinc + 1 g CuSO4
y
50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl + 6 g zink + 1 g CuSO4
(f) The time y < x.
Copper(II) sulphate speeds up the reaction. It lowers the activation energy of the reaction
and thus the frequency of effective collisions between the reactants increases.
(f) Masa y < x.
Kuprum(II) sulfat mempercepatkan tindak balas. Ia merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan
tindak balas dan oleh itu kekerapan pelanggaran berkesan antara bahan tindak balas
bertambah.