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Genetic Value
Gene351 (not Gene251)
Lecture 6
Key terms
Breeding value
Genetic value
Average effect of alleles
Reading: Prescribed None
Suggested Falconer & McKay, 1996
Revision
Basis of inheritance
Diploid parents
Meiosis
Haploid gamettes
X
Basis of inheritance:
single locus model
Parents
A1A2 x A1A2
Gametes
A1
A2
F1
A1
A2
A1
A1
A2
A2
A1A1
A1A2
(pxp=p2)
(pxq)
A2A1
A2A2
(qxp)
(qxq=q2)
Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium
p2
2pq
q2
0.9 x 0.9
2 x 0.9 x 0.1
0.1 x 0.1
= 0.81
= 0.18
= 0.01
1.00
0.81 x 10
0.18 x 0
0.01 x -10
= 8.1
= 0
= -0.1
8.0
Breeding value
No dominance, p=q=0.5
Genotype
A2A2
A1A2
A1A1
Value
280
300
320
Frequency
0.25
0.50
0.25
Popn mean
300
Genetic value
-20
20
Breeding value
-20
20
Average effect
of A1 = 10
Average effect
of A2= -10
x values
of alleles
Average effect of A1
A1 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A1A1 x p + A1A2 x q = 20 x 0.5 + 0 x 0.5 = 10
Average effect of A2
A2 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A2A1 x p + A2A2 x q = 0 x 0.5 + -20 x 0.5 = -10
A2A2
A1A2
A1A1
Value
280
310
320
Frequency
0.25
0.50
0.25
Popn mean
305
Genetic value
-25
15
Breeding value
-20
20
Average effect
of A1 = 10
Average effect
of A2= -10
x values
of alleles
Average effect of A1
A1 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A1A1 x p + A1A2 x q = 15 x 0.5 + 5 x 0.5 = 10
Average effect of A2
A2 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A2A1 x p + A2A2 x q = 5 x 0.5 + -25 x 0.5 = -10
A2A2
A1A2
A1A1
Value
280
300
320
Frequency
0.81
0.18
0.01
Popn mean
284
Genetic value
-4
16
36
Breeding value
-4
16
36
Average effect
of A1 = 18
Average effect
of A2= -2
x values
of alleles
Average effect of A1
A1 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A1A1 x p + A1A2 x q = 36 x 0.1 + 16 x 0.9 = 18
Average effect of A2
A2 allele will meet A1 at frequency p and A2 at frequency q
A2A1 x p + A2A2 x q = 16 x 0.1 + -4 x 0.9 = -2
Summary
A point to remember
Summary
Genetic variance
VA = 2 pq (1 2)
VD = (2 pqd )
A final note