LEARNING TASK NO.

2
Evaporator and Crystallizer
GROUP NO. 5:
November 17, 2012

Signature
Prof. Allan

Soriano
Abetria, Aixel Mae
Bito-on, Jameila
Elacion, Raphael
PROBLEM 1: ( Single Effect Evaporator)
An evaporator having an area of 83.6m2 and U=2270 W/m2-K is used to produce distilled
water for a boiler feed. Tap water having 400ppm dissolved solids at 15.6 oC is fed to the
evaporator operating at 1 atm pressure abs. saturated steam at 115.6 oC is available for
use. Calculate the amount of distilled water produced per hour if the outlet contains
800ppm solids.
Given:

400 ppm
Tf =
15.6oC

V
S

Ts =
115.6oC
A= 83.6 m2
U= 2270 N/ m2K

L
800
ppm

Required: L (kg/hr)
Solution:
Assume: TL=100oC
Component Balance:

F ( 400 )=L ( 800 ) (eqn .1)

Overall Balance:

F+ S=V +S + L
F=V + L(eqn . 2)

Energy Balance:

F h f +S H s=V H v + S hs + L h L

F h f +S ( H s h s)=V H v + L h L
Using Table2-308 (Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 8 th Edition)
Cpwater 15.6oC (288.6K):
Cpwater =

0.075465

kJ
1 mol
kJ
=4.1925
molK 0.018 kg
kgK

h f =C p dt

KJ
o
o
(15.6 C100 C)
kgK
KJ
h f =353.847
kg
h f =4.1925

Using Table2-308 (Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 8 th Edition)

At 100oC (373K):

kJ
1 mol
kJ
=2677.533
mol 0.018 kg
kg
kJ
1 mol
kJ
h L=7.54022
=418.001
mol 0.018 kg
kg
h v =48.1956

(
(

)
)

H v =h v h L

KJ
KJ
418.901
kg
kg
KJ
H v =2258.632
kg
H v =2677.53

S ( H shs ) =UA T
W
(83.6 m2 )(115.6o C100o C)
m K
KJ
S ( H shs ) =2960.443
s

S ( H shs ) = 2270

Since TL=TV, no Boiling Point Rise (BPR) occurred:

hl=C p T =O

Substituting all values in Energy Balance:

F h f +S ( H s h s)=V H v + L h L
F(353.847)+2960.443=V (2258.632)+0
F (353.847 ) +2960.443=V ( 2258.632 ) (eqn .3)
Solving simultaneously equation 1, 2 and 3:

F=1.996

kg
s

V =0.998

kg
s

Mesh
-14, +20
-20, +28
-28, +35
-35, +48
-48, +65
-65, +100
-100

Mesh
14
20
28
35
48
65
100

L(mm)
1.168
0.833
0.589
0.417
0.295
0.208
0.146

Wt %
4.4
14.4
24.2
31.6
15.5
7.4
2.5

kg 3600 s
kg
=3592.8
s 1 hr
hr
kg
L=3592.8
hr
L=0.998

PROBLEM 2: (Crystallizer)
Calculate the population density and nucleation growth rates for crystal samples of urea
from screen analysis. The slurry density is 450g/L, the crystal shape factor is 1.0, the
crystal density is 1.335 g/cm3, and the residence time is 3.38 h. the screen analysis is
given as follows:

Given:

=1

c =1.335
t=3.38 h

g
g
=1.335 x 103
3
3
cm
mm

Required:
a. population density (n)
b. nucleation growth rate (Bo)
Solution:
Calculating the crystal population density (n):

V
( p) L
N total mass of crystals
n=
=

L
For -14, +20 mesh size range:
L14= 1.168 mm
L20= 0.833 mm

L14 + L20 1.168+ 0.833

=
=1 mm
2
2
L=L14 L20=1.1680.833=0.335 mm
3
mm3
V p= Lav3= (1 )( 1 mm ) =1
particle
Lav =

n=

N
=
L

( 450 Lg )(0.044)
3

mm
(1 particle
)(1.335 x 10

g
(0.335 mm)
mm3

=4.43 x 10 4

no . crytals
Lmm

For -20, +28 mesh size range:

L20= 0.833 mm
L28= 0.589 mm

L20 + L28 0.833+ 0.589

=
=0.711 mm
2
2
L=L20L28=0.8330.589=0.244 mm
3
3
mm
V p= Lav3= (1 )( 0.711 mm ) =0.3594
particle
Lav =

n=

N
=
L

( 450 gL )(0.144)
3

mm
(0.3594 particle
)(1.335 x 10

g
(0.244 mm)
3
mm

=5.54 x 105

For -28, +35 mesh size range:

L28= 0.589 mm
L35= 0.417 mm

L28 + L35 0.589+ 0.417

=
=0.503 mm
2
2
L=L28L35=0.5890.417=0.172 mm
3
3
mm
3
(
)(
)
V p= Lav = 1 0.503 mm =0.127
particle
Lav =

no . crytals
Lmm

n=

N
=
L

( 450 gL )(0.242)
3

mm
(0.127 particle
)( 1.335 x 10

g
(0.172mm)
3
mm

=3.73 x 106

no . crytals
Lmm

For -35, +48 mesh size range:

L28= 0.417 mm
L35= 0.295 mm

L35 + L48 0.417+0.295

=
=0.356 mm
2
2
L=L35 L 48=0.4170.295=0.122 mm
3
mm3
V p= Lav3= (1 )( 0.356 mm ) =0.04512
particle
Lav =

n=

N
=
L

( 450 Lg )(0.316)
3

mm
(0.04512 particle
)(1.335 x 10

g
(0.122 mm)
mm3

=1.94 x 107

no . crytals
Lmm

For -48, +65 mesh size range:

L48= 0.295 mm
L65= 0.208 mm

L 48+ L65 0.295+0.208

=
=0.2515 mm
2
2
L=L 48L65 =0.2950.208=0.087 mm
3
mm3
V p= Lav3= (1 )( 0.356 mm ) =0.01591
particle
Lav =

n=

N
=
L

(450 gL )(0.155)
3

mm
(0.01591 particle
)(1.335 x 10

g
(0.087 mm)
mm3

=3.77 x 107

no . crytals
Lmm

For -65, +100 mesh size range:

L65= 0.208 mm
L100= 0.147mm

L65 + L100 0.208+0.147

=
=0.1775 mm
2
2
L=L65L100 =0.2080.147=0.061 mm
3
mm3
V p= Lav3= (1 )( 0.1775 mm ) =5.59 x 103
particle
Lav =

n=

N
=
L

( 450 Lg )(0.074)

(5.59 x 10

)(

mm
g
1.335 x 103
(0.061 mm)
3
particle
mm

=7.32 x 107

no . crytals
Lmm

For -100 mesh size range:

L100= 0.147mm

Lav =0.147 mm
L=L100 =0.147 mm
3
mm3
3
(
)(
)
V p= Lav = 1 0.147 mm =3.18 x 10
particle
3

n=

N
=
L

(450 gL )(0.025)

(3.18 x 10

)(

mm
g
1.335 x 103
(0.147 mm)
particle
mm3

By plotting the values of L(mm) vs ln (n):

L vs ln(n)
20
15
ln(n)

10

f(x) = - 9.13x + 19.79

R = 1

5
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
L (mm)

=1.18 x 10

no . crytals
Lmm

Or also by linear regression:

1
slope= =9.1288

n
( 0)=19.795
intercept=ln
Solving for G:

1
=9.1288

1
G=
(9.1288)(3.38)
0.0324
G=
h
slope=

Calculation of nucleation growth rate (BO):

n
( 0)=19.795
intercept=ln
nO =e 19.795
nO =3.95 x 108

( 3.95 x 10 )=1.28 x 10
( 0.0324
h )

B O=G nO =

B O=1.28 x 10 7

no . crystals
hr