Indian Mathematican

RINIVASA RAMANUJANS
IFE AND HIS GENIUS
1887-1920
Srinivasa Ramanujan Said:
CONTENT
Child
Prodigy (5 8)
Struggle
Life Downs & Ups (9 14)
Hardy
Acquaintance with Prof.G.H.Hardy (15 20)
1729
Properties of Taxicab number ( 21 )
View
Misperception (22,23)
Personal
Family life (24 29)
God
To him (30 32)
Quotes
Quotes about Ramanujan (33 41)
Eponyms
Ramanujan Eponyms (42, 43)
Lessons
Lessons learnt / unlearnt (44 48)
Magic Squares
References
Ramanujan and Magic Square (49 76)

References / Further Readings (77 79)
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S VEERAA1729@GMAIL.COM
SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
Born - 22 December 1887
Kumbakonam, Madras
Presidency
British India
Died - 26 April 1920
Chetput, Madras, British India
College - Government Arts College
Pachaiyappas College
Cambridge University
Academic Advisors - G.H.Hardy
J.E.Littlewood
5/26/16
CHILD PRODIGY
JACOB
1655-1705
JOHANN
1667-1748
NICOLAUS I
1687-1759
NICOLAUS II
1695-1726
DANIEL
1700-1782
JOHANN Ii
1710-1790
JOHANN III
1744-1807
JACOB II
1759-1789
Learned college level mathematics by age 11
Bernoulli numbers by age 13 (rediscovering

Eulers identity)
While in school, he was gifted George

Schoobridge Carrs Synopsis of Pure and Applied
Mathematics.
This book listed 4865 formulae in algebra,

trigonometry, analytical geometry and calculus
without proof.
Ramanujan not only proved himself each but

derived many new results and recorded them.
5/26/16
A THOUGHT OF A 7 YEAR OLD
Which
number is
greater
than
infinity?
Teacher:
= 1, for every integer n.
Ramanujan: Is zero divided by zero is also

one?
Teacher : ??????
Ramanujans Explanation !
Zero divided by zero may be anything.
The zero of the numerator may be several times

the zero of the denominator and vice versa.
(Thinking of limits and limiting process)

5/26/16
EARLY LIFE
Born in Erode to K. Srinivasa Iyengar and

Komalathammal
Lived in Sarangapani Street in Kumbakonam
Went school first on 1.10.1892.
Had to switch primary school 3 times due to

circumstances.
Completed Math exam in half the allotted time.
Stood District First at Kumbakonam High

School (1898)
Carrs synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure

and Applied Mathematics. Book acknowledged
in awakening the genius of Ramanujan.
Left college without a degree and pursued

research in Mathematics.
5/26/16
ADULTHOOD IN INDIA
After High school, he passed a competitive

exam in English & Maths and secured the
Scholarship.
Due to his preoccupation with Maths, he could

not pass in English & Sanskrit and not promoted
to Senior F.A. Class and lost Scholarship
Married to a 9 year old bride Janaki Ammal on

14 July 1909
Went door to door for job from 18 to age 24.
Tutored college students
5/26/16
5/26/16
ATTENTION FROM
MATHEMATICIANS
Met V. Ramaswamy Aiyer, founder of Indian

Mathematical Society
I was struck by the extraordinary mathematical

results contained in it [the notebooks]. I had no
mind to smother his genius by an appointment
in the lowest rungs of the revenue department
Introduced to R. Ramachandra Rao, secretary

of the Indian Mathematical Society
Impressed by Ramanujan but doubted his

integrity.
Continued Mathematical Research with Raos

financial help
10
5/26/16
11
5/26/16
Pascals Triangle for

computing Compound
Interest
(CI)
Eg: P = 1000,
R=10 %, and N=3
N
1
years.
What is CI & Amount?
Step 1:
10% of 1000 = 100.
10% of 100 = 10
10% of 10
=1
Since n = 3, three times calculation.
Step 2:
Amount after 3 years
= 1 * 1000 + 3 * 100 + 3 * 10 + 1 * 1
= Rs.1331
Step 3:
CI after 3 years = 3*100 + 3*10 + 1*1
= Rs.331

(leaving out first term in
step 2).
12 1
12 3 2 1
12 3 4 3 2 1
3
4
1
1
5 1
4
5
1
4
10
10
1
5
VEERARAGAVAN C S, APTITUDE
TRAINER, veeraa1729@gmail.com
5/26/16
12
FIRST CONTRIBUTION
13
Published his work in Journal of Indian Mathematical

Society at the age of 23, first full paper (15 pages) on
Some properties of Bernoulli Numbers.
First problem which he posed
He then formulated an equation to solve the infinitely

nested radicals problem.
Wrote his 1st formal paper for the journal on the

properties
of Bernoulli Numbers
5/26/16
RAMANUJAN HIMSELF SUPPLIED THE
SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM

3 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
5/26/16
WORK
In early 1912 he got a job in the

Madras
Accountant
Generals office
with a salary of Rs 20 per month.
Later he applied for a position under

the Chief
Accountant of the Madras Port Trust
Accepted as a Class III, Grade IV

accounting clerk
making 30 rupees per month
15
Spent spare time doing Mathematical
5/26/16
INTRODUCTION WITH
G.H.HARDY
G.H. Hardy was an academician at Cambridge

University
He was a prominent English mathematician,

known for his achievements in number theory
and mathematical analysis.
Later on Ramanujan wrote to G.H.Hardy
Hardy recognised some of his formulae but

other seemed scarcely possible to believe.
Some of them were
Relating to infinite series -
16
5/26/16
RECOGNITION OF HIS
GENIUS
Initially, G. H. Hardy thought that the

works of Ramanujan were fraud because
most of them were impossible to
believe.
But eventually ,he was convinced and

interested in his talent.
5/26/16
G.H.HARDYS RECOGNITION
18
Hardy invited Ramanujan to Cambridge

University but Ramanujan refused.
Hardy then enlisted E.H.Neville

him to England.
With his parents supporting him he agreed

this time.
to bring
5/26/16
CONTACTING ENGLISH
MATHEMATICIANS
M. J. M. Hill of University College

London
argued
that
though
Ramanujan had taste for Mathematics
he lacked the proper educational
background and foundation
He refused to take Ramanujan as

student
But gave him professional advice on

his work
19
5/26/16
CALCULUS &
NUMBER THEORY
20
5/26/16
LIFE IN
ENGLAND
Ramanujan boarded the S.S.Nevasa on 17

March 1914 and arrived in London on 14th
April
Ramanujan began working with Hardy and

Littlewood
Hardy received 120 theorems from him in 1st

2 letters but there were many more results in
his notebook
Ramanujan spent nearly 5 years in Cambridge
Ramanujan was awarded the B.A degree by

21Research in March 1916 at an age of 28 years
5/26/16
LIFE IN ENGLAND
The first Indian
citizen to be
elected to the
Fellowship of the
Royal Society
was Ardaseer
Cursetjee.
He was part of the

same
industrialisation
processes which
inspired the GTS,
introducing both
gas lighting and
steam pumps to
his native town of
Bombay.
The Royal Society a
nd India | Royal So
ciety
https://royalsociet
y.org/exhibitions/20
07/india/
22
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal

Society of London in February 1918 at an
age of 30 years.
He was the second Indian to become FRS.
( First one was in 1841).
He was elected to a Trinity College
Fellowship as the FIRST INDIAN.
During his five years stay in Cambridge
he published twenty one research papers
containing theorems.
5/26/16
RAMANUJAN - HARDY NUMBER

1729
Hardy arrived in a cab numbered 1729
He commented that the number was uninteresting or

dull.
Instantly Ramanujan claimed that it was the smallest

natural number which can be written as sum of cubes in
2 ways
1729 = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19 product of primes in A.P
1729 divisible by its sum of digits.
1729 = 19 x 91
241729 is a sandwich number or HARSHAD number.

5/26/16
TAXICAB NUMBERS
25
5/26/16
26
5/26/16
MISPERCEPTIONS
Ramanujan recorded the bulk of his results in

four notebooks of loose leaf paper (About 4000
theorems)
These results written up without any derivations.
Since paper was very expensive, He would do

most of his work (derivations) on SLATE and
transfer just the results to paper.
Hence the perception that he was unable to

prove his results and simply thought up the final
result directly is NOT CORRECT
27
5/26/16
MISPERCEPTION
Professor
Bruce
C.Berndt
of
University of Illinois, who worked on
Ramanujan note books, stated that
Over the last 40 years, nearly
all of Ramanujans theorems
have been proven right.
Also
Mathematicians
agreed
unanimously on the point that it was
not possible for someone to imagine
those results without solving /
28proving.
5/26/16
ILLNESS & RETURN TO

INDIA
Ramanujan's health worsened in

England
Diagnosed with Tuberculosis and

Vitamin deficiency
Returned to Kumbakonam in 1919 and

died soon thereafter at the age of 32
In 1994 Dr. D.A.B. Young analysed his

records and concluded he had hepatic
amoebiasis
30
5/26/16
RAMANUJANS
NOTEBOOKS
31
Recorded his work in 4 notebooks of loose leaf

paper
Results were written without derivation
Mathematician Bruce C. Berndt says that

Ramanujan was able to make the proofs but chose
not to.
Might have worked on slate
Or may be influenced by G.S Carrs book which

stated results without proofs
Mathematicians such as Hardy, G.N. Watson, B.M.

Wilson and Bruce Berndt created papers from his
work
5/26/16
OTHER MATHEMATICIANS VIEWS

OF RAMANUJAN
J.H. Hardy was highly impressed by Ramanujan
Hardy said that the solutions were "arrived at by a

process of mingled argument, intuition, and
induction, of which he was entirely unable to give
any coherent account
On the basis of pure talent
Hardy rated himself a score of 25 out of 100,
J.E. Littlewood 30, David Hilbert 80 and
Ramanujan 100 !
Physicist Jayant Narlikar appreciated Ramanujans

5/26/16
32discoveries
RECOGNITION
Tamil Nadu celebrates 22 December as

State IT Day
Stamp released by the Govt. in 1962
22nd December celebrated as Ramanujan

Day in Govt Arts College, Kumbakonam
National Symposium On Mathematical

Methods and Applications (NSMMA)
SASTRA Ramanujan Prize
33
5/26/16
IN POPULAR CULTURE
A play First Class Man is centered around
Ramanujan
Book by Robert Kanigel titled The Man Who Knew
Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan is his
biography
In the famous film Good Will Hunting the main
character is compared to Ramanujan
A Disappearing Number, a show by British Stage
Production is about Ramanujan and Hardy
Character Amita Ramanujan in the show Numb3rs is
named after him
34
Roger
Spottiswoode is working on a movie on 5/26/16
mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan starring
35
5/26/16
PERSONALITY AND SPIRITUAL

LIFE
A person with a somewhat shy and quiet

disposition
A dignified man with pleasant manners
Ramanujan credited his success to his

family Goddess, Namagiri of Namakkal
He claimed to receive visions of scrolls of

complex mathematical content unfolding before
his eyes
"An equation for me has no meaning,

unless it represents a thought of God.
36
5/26/16
SPRITUALITY
2n 1 will denote the primordial
For example,
GOD.
When n is zero, the expression denotes ZERO.
He spoke of ZERO as the symbol of the absolute

(Nirguna Brahmam) of the extreme monistic school
of philosophy)
The reality to which no qualities can be attributed,

which no qualities can be a
When n is 1, it denotes UNITY, the Infinite GOD.
When n is 2, it denotes TRINITY.
37
When
n is 3, it denotes SAPTHA RISHIS and so on.
5/26/16
SPRITUALITY
He looked infinity as the totality of all possibilities

which was capable of becoming manifest in reality
and which was inexhaustible.
According to Ramanujan, The product of infinity and

zero would supply the whole set of finite numbers.
Each act of creation, could be symbolized as a

particular product of infinity and zero, and from each
product would emerge a particular individual of which
the appropriate symbol was a particular finite number.
As narrated by Prof.Prasantha Chandra, Statistician,

contemporary and good friend of Ramanujan at
Cambridge.
38
5/26/16
QUOTES
PROF. RICHARD ASKEY U N I V E R S I T Y
OF
WISCONSIN - MADISON
Try to imagine the quality of Ramanujans

mind, one which drove him to work
unceasingly while deathly ill, and one great
enough to grow deeper while his body
became weaker.
I stand in awe of his accomplishments;

understanding is beyond me.
We would admire any mathematician whose

lifes work was half of what Ramanujan found
in the last year of his life while he was dying.
39
5/26/16
BRUCE C BERNDT
PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
Hardys personal ratings of

mathematicians:
Suppose that we rate mathematicians

on the basis of pure talent on a scale
from 0 to 100.
Hardy gave himself a score of 25,
Littlewood 30,
Hilbert 80 and Ramanujan 100

40
5/26/16
ROBERT KANIGEL
A U T H O R O F T H E M A N W H O K N E W I N F I N I T Y: A
L I F E O F TH E G E N I U S R A M A N U J A N
Sheer intuitive brilliance coupled to long,

hard hours on his slate made up for most
of his educational lapse.
This poor and solitary Hindu pitting his

brains against the accumulated wisdom of
Europe as Hardy called him, had
rediscovered a century of mathematics
and
Made new discoveries that would

captivate
mathematicians
for
next
century.
41
5/26/16
S.CHANDRASEKHAR
INDIAN ASTROPHYSICIST, NOBEL
LAUREATE 1983
I think it is fair to say that almost all the

mathematicians who reached distinction
during the three or four decades
following Ramanujan were directly or
indirectly inspired by his example.
Even those who do not know about

Ramanujans work are bound to be
fascinated by his life.
42
5/26/16
S.CHANDRASEKHAR
INDIAN ASTROPHYSICIST, NOBEL
LAUREATE 1983
The fact that Ramanujans early years were

spent in a scientifically sterile atmosphere,
that his life in India was not without hardships

that under circumstances that appeared to most
Indians as nothing short of miraculous,
He had gone to Cambridge, supported by

eminent mathematicians, and
Had returned to India with very assurance that

he would be considered,
in time as one of the

mathematicians of the century.
43
most
original
5/26/16
PROF. HARDY
I have to form myself, as I have never really

formed before and try to help you to form, some of
the reasoned estimate of the most romantic figure
in the recent history of mathematics,
a man whose career seems full of paradoxes and

contradictions,
who defies all cannons by which we are accustomed

to judge one another and
about whom all of us will probably agree in one

judgement only,
that he was in
mathematician.
44
some
sense
very
great
5/26/16
BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL

BRI TI S H PH I LO SOP H ER & MATH EM ATICIAN,
N OBEL LAUREATE
I found Hardy and Littlewood in a

state of wild excitement because
they believe, they have discovered a
second Newton,
A Hindu Clerk in Madras He wrote

to Hardy telling of some results he
has got, which Hardy thinks quite
wonderful.
45
5/26/16
PROF. ATLE SELBERG

NORWEGIAN MATHEMATICIAN
Ramanujans conjectures formulated and

their later generalization, have come to play
a more central role in the mathematics of
today, serving as a kind of focus for the
attention of quite a large group of the best
mathematicians of our time.
The estimates of Ramanujans nature in

mathematics certainly have been growing
over the years.
There is no doubt about that.
46
5/26/16
PROF.JAYANT NARLIKAR
INDIAN ASTROPHYSICIST
IN HIS BOOK SCIENTIC EDGE
S.Ramanujan, discovered by the Cambridge

mathematician
Hardy,
whose
great
mathematical findings were beginning to be
appreciated from 1915 to 1919.
His achievements were to be fully understood

much later, well after his untimely death in
1920.
For example, his work on the highly composite

numbers started a whole new line of
investigations in the theory of such numbers.
47
5/26/16
BEST KNOWN FOR

EPONYMS
LandauRamanujan constant
Mock theta functions
Ramanujan conjecture
Ramanujan prime
RamanujanSoldner constant
Ramanujan theta function
Ramanujan's sum
RogersRamanujan identities
Ramanujan's master theorem

5/26/16
EPONYMS
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
veeraa1729@gmail.com
Confidential
49
LESSONS LEARNT &/

UNLEARNT
Despite the hardship faced by

Ramanujan, he rose to such a
scientific standing and reputation.
No Indians has enjoyed before,

should be enough for young Indians
to comprehend that
If they are deserving and can work

hard, they can perhaps soar the way
what Ramanujan had.
50
5/26/16
LESSONS LEARNT &/

UNLEARNT
Even today in India, Ramanujan

cannot get a lectureship in a school /
college because he had no degree.
Many researchers / Universities will

pursue studies / researches on his
work but he will have to struggle to
get even a teaching job.
51
5/26/16
LESSONS LEARNT &/

UNLEARNT
Even after more than 90 years of the
death of Ramanujan, the situation is
not very different as far the rigidity of
the education system is concerned.
Today also a Ramanujan has to clear
all traditional subjects exams to get
a degree irrespective of being genius
in one or more different subjects.
52
5/26/16
LESSONS LEARNT &/

UNLEARNT
He was offered a chair in India only after

becoming a Fellow of the Royal Society.
But it is disgraceful that Indias talent has to

wait for foreign recognition to get acceptance in
India or else immigrate to other places.
Many of those won international recognition

including noble prizes had no other option but
to migrate for opportunities & recognition.(Ex.
Karmerkar)
The process of this brain drain is still continuing.
53
5/26/16
LESSONS LEARNT &/

UNLEARNT
The most important lesson that we

should draw from Ramanujans life about
the condition of
The Educational systems / provisions

should be made to support specially
gifted children with very strong interests
in one direction, at all stages of the
educational system. (like SUPER 30,
INSPIRE AWARD ETC.,
54
5/26/16
SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
AND HIS MAGIC

SQUARE
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
55
RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
This square looks like

any other normal magic
square. But this is
formed by great
mathematician of our
country Srinivasa
Ramanujan.
What is so great in it?
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
56
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
5/26/16
86
23
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Sum of numbers of
any row is 139.
What is so great in it.?
Confidential
57
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Sum of numbers of
any column is also 139.
Oh, this will be there in
any magic square.
What is so great in it..?
Confidential
58
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
Sum of numbers of
any diagonal is also
139.
Oh, this also will be there
in any magic square.
What is so great in it?
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
59
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
5/26/16
86
23
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Sum of corner
numbers is also 139.
Interesting?
Confidential
60
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Look at these
possibilities. Sum of
identical coloured
boxes is also 139.
Interesting..?
Confidential
61
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Look at these
possibilities. Sum of
identical coloured
boxes is also 139.
Interesting..?
Confidential
62
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
5/26/16
86
23
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Look at these central

squares.
Interesting?
Confidential
63
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
5/26/16
86
23
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Can you try these

combinations?
Interesting..?
Confidential
64
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
5/26/16
86
23
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Try these
combinations also?
Interesting...?
Confidential
65
22
12
18
87
88
17
25
10
24
89
16
19
86
23
11
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
It is 22nd Dec 1887.

Yes. It is 22.12.1887
BE A PROUD
INDIAN
Confidential
66
Deplorable Condition of
Ramanujan
When food is the

problem, how can I find
money for paper? I may
require four reams of
paper every month.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE
THEOREY OF PARTITIONS
A partition of
a natural
number n is a
sequence of
nondecreasing
positive
integers whose
sum is n.
5/26/16
No. of
PARTITIONS
1
11
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
72
Example:
For N=4,PARTITIONS are

4=4
=1+3
=2+2
=1+1+2
=1+1+1+1
P(4)=5,Whether P is a partition function
The highest highly composite

number listed by Ramanujan is
6746328388800
Having 10080 factors
The last three Books of Ramanujan
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
74
Calculations of Ramanujan in his

own handwriting
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
75
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
76
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
77
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
78
Mock Theta Functions
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
79
TOUGH LIFE IN ENGLAND

Pure vegetarian meals was not
available.
Too busy with calculations
and very often neglected food
and spent till late night.
The cold and damp climate
disturbed his health.
He was attacked by
Tuberculosis.
He returned to India.
We Miss a Great
Mathematician
Ramanujan
sailed to
Indian on 27 february
1919 and arrived on 13
march
However his health was
very poor.
He passed away on 26th
April 1920 at
Kumbakonam(Tamil
naidu)
Recognition by Govt.of
India
The Prime Minister of India,

Dr. Manmohan Singh has
declared the year 2012 as the
National Mathematical
Year and the date
December 22, being the
birthday of Srinivasa
Ramanujan has been
declared as the
National Mathematics
REFERENCES
5/26/16
5/26/16
VEERARAGAVAN C S
Confidential
85

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RINIVASA RAMANUJANS

IFE AND HIS GENIUS

Srinivasa Ramanujan Said:

Life Downs & Ups (9 14)

Acquaintance with Prof.G.H.Hardy (15 20)

Properties of Taxicab number ( 21 )

Family life (24 29)

To him (30 32)

Quotes about Ramanujan (33 41)

Ramanujan Eponyms (42, 43)

Lessons learnt / unlearnt (44 48)

Ramanujan and Magic Square (49 76)

Learned college level mathematics by age 11

Bernoulli numbers by age 13 (rediscovering

While in school, he was gifted George

This book listed 4865 formulae in algebra,

Ramanujan not only proved himself each but

A THOUGHT OF A 7 YEAR OLD

Ramanujan: Is zero divided by zero is also

Zero divided by zero may be anything.

The zero of the numerator may be several times

(Thinking of limits and limiting process)

Born in Erode to K. Srinivasa Iyengar and

Lived in Sarangapani Street in Kumbakonam

Went school first on 1.10.1892.

Had to switch primary school 3 times due to

Completed Math exam in half the allotted time.

Stood District First at Kumbakonam High

Carrs synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure

Left college without a degree and pursued

After High school, he passed a competitive

Due to his preoccupation with Maths, he could

Married to a 9 year old bride Janaki Ammal on

Went door to door for job from 18 to age 24.

Tutored college students

Met V. Ramaswamy Aiyer, founder of Indian

I was struck by the extraordinary mathematical

Introduced to R. Ramachandra Rao, secretary

Impressed by Ramanujan but doubted his

Continued Mathematical Research with Raos

Pascals Triangle for

Published his work in Journal of Indian Mathematical

He then formulated an equation to solve the infinitely

Wrote his 1st formal paper for the journal on the

RAMANUJAN HIMSELF SUPPLIED THE

SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM

In early 1912 he got a job in the

Later he applied for a position under

Accountant of the Madras Port Trust

Accepted as a Class III, Grade IV

Spent spare time doing Mathematical

G.H. Hardy was an academician at Cambridge

He was a prominent English mathematician,

Later on Ramanujan wrote to G.H.Hardy

Hardy recognised some of his formulae but

Relating to infinite series -

Initially, G. H. Hardy thought that the

But eventually ,he was convinced and

Hardy invited Ramanujan to Cambridge

Hardy then enlisted E.H.Neville

With his parents supporting him he agreed

M. J. M. Hill of University College

He refused to take Ramanujan as