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FrenkeldefectWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Frenkeldefect
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

AFrenkeldefectisatypeofdefectincrystallinesolidswhereinanatomisdisplacedfromitslattice
positiontoaninterstitialsite,creatingavacancyattheoriginalsiteandaninterstitialdefectatthenew
locationwithinthesameelementwithoutanychangesinchemicalproperties.[1]

Contents
1 Definition
2 EffectonDensity
3 Examples
4 Seealso
5 References
6 Furtherreading

Definition
AFrenkeldefect,Frenkelpair,orFrenkeldisorderisatypeofpointdefectinacrystallattice.The
defectformswhenanatomorsmallerion(usuallycation)leavesitsplaceinthelattice,creatingavacancy,
andbecomesaninterstitialbylodginginanearbylocation.Theirprimemechanismofgenerationisby
particleirradiation,astheirequilibriumconcentrationaccordingtotheBoltzmanndistributionismuch
smallerthanthepurevacanciesdistribution,duetothelargeenergynecessaryforthecreationofthe
associatedinterstitialatoms.ThephenomenonisnamedaftertheSovietphysicistYakovFrenkel,who
discovereditin1926.[2]

EffectonDensity
Thisdefectdoesnothaveanyimpactonthedensityofthesolidasitinvolvesonlythemigrationoftheions
withinthecrystal,thuspreservingboththevolumeaswellasmass.

Examples
Itisshowninionicsolidswithlargesizedifferencebetweentheanionandcation(withthecationusually
smallerduetoanincreasedeffectivenuclearcharge)
SomeoftheexamplesofSolidswhichexhibitFrenkelDefect:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkel_defect

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ZnS,
AgCl,
AgBr,Note:AgBrshowsbothFrenkelaswellasSchottkydefect.
AgI.(duetothecomparativelysmallersizeofZn2+andAg+ions)
Forexample,consideralatticeformedbyXandMions.SupposeanMionleavestheMsublattice,leaving
theXsublatticeunchanged.Thenumberofinterstitialsformedwillequalthenumberofvacanciesformed.
OneformofaFrenkeldefectreactioninMgOwiththeoxygenionleavingthelatticeandgoingintothe
interstitialsitewritteninKrgerVinknotation:
+

Thiscanbeillustratedwiththeexampleofthesodiumchloridecrystalstructure.Thediagramsbeloware
schematictwodimensionalrepresentations.

ThedefectfreeNaClstructure

TwoFrenkeldefectswithintheNaCl
structure

Seealso
DLTS
Schottkydefect
Wignereffect
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Crystallographicdefects

References
1.Chiang,YetMingBirnieIII,DunbarKingery,W.David(1997).PhysicalCeramics:PrinciplesforCeramic
ScienceandEngineering(1ed.).JohnWiley&Sons.pp.102107.ISBN0471598739.
2.Frenkel,Yakov."berdieWrmebewegunginfestenundflssigenKrpern(Aboutthethermalmotioninsolids
andliquids)".ZeitschriftfrPhysik(Springer)35(8):652669.doi:10.1007/BF01379812.Retrieved21October
2015.

Furtherreading
Kittel,Charles,IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics
(http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCdEHEP000803.html)8thed.Wiley,2005,pg
585588.ISBN047141526X.
NCERTTextbookforStandardXII(PartI)
(http://www.ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm)Reprint,December2009,ISBN
8174506489.[subscriptionrequired]Seealso[1](https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8174506489).
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Categories: Crystallographicdefects
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