J

member against curved anvil plate, bent sideways and driven back
into member.
F 547, F16
"J" configuration---boom positioned in a "J" shape.
F 818, F20
Jeffries' method--a method for determining grain size based on
counting grains in a prescribed area. See Test Methods E 112.
E 7, E04
Jeffrles' muitiplier--a factor used in the Jeffries' method for grain
size determinations. See Test Methods E 112.
E 7, E04
jerk-in, n--in wovenfabric, an extra filling thread dragged into the
shed with the regular pick and extending only part of the way
across the cloth. (Compare double pick, mispick.) D 123, D13
jerk-in, n--in wovenfabric, an extra filling thread dragged into the
shed with the regular pick and extending only part of the way
across the cloth. (Syn. lash-in, pull-in) (Compare double pick)
D 3990, D13
jet-blast erosion, n--(airfields only) darkened areas on the pavement
surface where bituminous binder has been burned or carbonized;
localized burned areas may vary in depth up to approximately 15
mm (1/2 in.)
E 867, El7
jet-blast erosion, n--( airfields only) darkened areas on the pavement
surface where bituminous binder has been burned or carbonized;
localized burned areas may vary in depth up to approximately 15
mm (1/2 in.).
E 1778, E17
jet fuel, n--any liquid suitable for the generation of power by
combustion in aircraft gas turbine engines.
D 4175, D02
jet grouting--technique utilizing a special drill bit with horizontal
and vertical high speed water jets to excavate alluvial soils and
produce hard impervious columns by pumping grout through the
horizontal nozzles that jets and mixes with foundation material as
the drill bit is withdrawn.
D 653, D18
jet, liquid, n--See liquid jet.
G 40, G02
jet segment, n---See liquid jet.
G 40, G02
jetting--a means of compacting trench backfill by the introduction of
water under pressure through a nozzle.
C 896, C04
jetting--when applied as a drilling method, water is forced down
through the drill rods or casings and out through the end aperture.
The jetting water then transports the generated cuttings to the
ground surface in the annulus of the drill rods or casing and the
borehole. The term jetting may also refer to a development
technique (see well screen jetting).
D 653, D18
jetty--an elongated artificial obstruction projecting into a body of
water from a bank or shore to control shoaling and scour by
deflection of the force of water currents and waves. D 653, D18
jewelers' enamel--a special type of porcelain enamel used in the
manufacture of jewelry, insignia, and art objects.
C 286, B08
jiggering--forming ceramic ware from a plastic body by differential
rotation of a profile tool and mold, the mold having the contour of
one surface of the ware and the profile tool that of the other
surface.
C 242, C21
J-integral, J [FL-1]--a mathematical expression, a line or surface
integral that encloses the crack front from one crack surface to the
other, used to characterize the local stress-strain field around the
crack front.
E 1823, E08
joggle---a displacement machined.or formed in a structural member to
accommodate the base of an adjacent member.
E 631, E06
joggle---a displacement machined or formed in a structural member to
accommodate the base of an adjacent member.
E 1749, E06
john boat (maritime), n - - a skiff with a fiat bottom. F 1490, F32
joining, n--the juncture of two separate plaster applications of the
same coat, usually within a single surface plane.
C 11, C l l
joining line, n--See seam.
D 4965, D13
joint--that portion of the conductor where the ends of two wires,
rods, or groups of wires are joined by brazing, soldering, welding,
or by mechanical means.
B 354, B01
joint, n--in buildingconstruction, the space or opening between two
or more adjoining surfaces.
C 717, C24

jacket, n - - a form of facing applied over insulation.

C 168, C16
jacket, n - - a textile, woven or felted into tubular or sleeve form, ready
for covering and shrinking on a machine roll.
D 123, D13
jacket, n - - a n integral covering (sometimes fabric, reinforced), which
is applied over the insulation, core, shield, or armor of a cable and
whose prime function is to provide mechanical or enviromnental
protection for the component(s) that it covers.
D 1711, D09
jacket, n - - a textile, woven or felted into tubular or sleeve form, ready
for covering and shrinking on a machine roll.
D 4850, D13
jackhammer--an air driven percussion drill that imparts a rotary
hammering motion to the bit and has a passageway to the bit for
the injection of compressed air for cleaning the hole of cuttings.

D 653, D 18
j a c k i n g - - a method of installing pipe by the trenchless method using
equipment and pipe designed for this purpose.
C 896, C04
jacking force--the force applied to the pipe along the longitudinal
axis of the pipeline by the pipe jacking equipment. C 896, C04
jack-leg--a portable percussion drill of the jack-hammer type, used in
underground work; has a single pneumatically adjustable leg for
support.
D 653, D18
jackson turbidity unit, J T U - - u n i t of measure used with the jackson
candle turbidimeter.
D 6161, D19
j a m b - - t h e vertical structural member forming the sidewall of an
opening or port in a furnace superstructure, supporting the crown
load over that opening.
C 162, C14
jamb--See windows and doors.
E 631, E06
jamming, n--for chainsawcut resistance, the clogging action manifested by a protective garment which can produce a chain stop.
F 1494, F23
japan, n - - a varnish yielding a hard, glossy, dark-colored film. Japans
are usually dried by baking at relatively high temperatures.
D 16, D01
japan, n - - a vehicle for japan colors; frequently contains shellac.
D 16, D01
japan color, n - - a paste containing pigment and a grinding japan
vehicle used for lettering and decoration.
D 16, D01
japan drier, n - - a resinate-base liquid drier.
D 16, D01
japanned--tumble-pointed.
F 547, F16
japanned leathermsee patent leather.
D 1517, D31
jar m i l l ~ a small ball mill (see also ball mill).
C 286, B08
jar test--a laboratory procedure for the evaluation of a treatment to
reduce dissolved, suspended colloidal and non settleable matter
from water (see Practice D 2035).
D 6161, D19
jasper w a r e ~ a vitreous, opaque, colored, unglazed ceramic ware
having white or contrasting relief decorations and containing a
substantial amount of barite.
C 242, C21
jaw alignment--the positioning of the female and male jaws with
respect to interdigitation (related to box lock function and ratchet
performance).
F 921, F04
jaw face, n--in tensiletesting machines, the surface of a jaw which in
the absence of a liner contacts the specimen.
D 123, D13
jaw face, n--in tensile testing machines, the surface of a jaw which
in the absence of a liner contacts the specimen.
D 4849, D13
jaw liner, n--intensile testing machines, any material placed between
the jaw face and the specimen to improve the holding power of the
jaws.
D 123, D13
jaw liner, n--in tensile testing machines, any material placed
between the jaw face and the specimen to improve the holding
power of the jaws.
D 4849, D13
jaws, n--in tensiletesting machines, the elements of a clamp which
grip the specimen.
D 123, D13
jaws, n--in tensile testing machines, the elements of a clamp which
grip the specimen.
D 4849, D 13
jaws--parts that contain serrations to interrupt the flow of blood
through any vessel.
F 921, F04
J-clinched point--pointed end of nail having been driven through
332

joint leakage test apparatus

joint--a connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends, made

joint backingmSee sealant backing.

either with or without the use of additional parts and/or materials.

C 822, C13
joint--an individual length of pipe, or the means of closure to form
a pipeline.
C 896, C04
joint--the junction of two or more pieces of wood. Usually implies a
structural junction in which stress is transmitted from one piece to
another.
D 9, D07
joint--a break of geological origin in the continuity of a body of rock
occurring either singly, or more frequently in a set or system, but
not attended by a visible movement parallel to the surface of
discontinuity. (ISRM)
D 653, D 18

joint, bell and spigot gasket--a connection between piping compo-

C 717, C24

nents consisting of a bell end on one component, an elastomeric

gasket between the components, and a spigot end on the other
component. See joint, push on.
F 412, F17
joint, butt-fused--a joint in which the prepared ends of the joint
components are heated and then placed in contact to form the joint.
F 412, F17
joint compound, n - - a compound used for taping or finishing gypsum
board, or both.
C 11, C l l
joint, compression--a mechanical joint made by deforming a sealing
member to form a pressure seal between the fitting or pipe bell and
the pipe or tube.
F 412, F17
joint, compression gasket--a mechanical joint that utilizes a compression nut or a gland nut against a gasket to develop a pressure
seal.
F 412, F17
joint-conditioning time---the time interval between the removal of
the joint from the conditions of heat or pressure, or both, used to
accomplish bonding and the attainment of approximately maximum bond strength. (Synonym joint-aging time.) (See also curing
time, drying time, and setting time.)
D 907, D14
joint diagram--a diagram constructed by accurately plotting the
strike and dip of joints to illustrate the geometrical relationship of
the joints within a specified area of geologic investigation. (ISRM)
D 653, D18
jointed--veneer or other ply components that have machined edges
for tightest possible layup.
D 1038, D07
jointed concrete pavement (JCP), n--Portland cement concrete
pavement that has transverse joints placed at planned intervals.
E 867, E17
jointed concrete pavement (JCP), n--Portland cement concrete
pavement that has transverse joints placed at planned intervals.
E 1778, E17
joint (fault) set--a group of more or less parallel joints. (ISRM)
D 653, D18
joint (fault) system--a system consisting of two or more joint sets or
any group of joints with a characteristic pattern, that is, radiating,
concentric, etc. (ISRM)
D 653, D18
joint filler, n - - a compressible material used in a partial or totally
filled expansion, control, or isolation joint by its permanent
placement in or between building materials such as concrete or
masonry during construction; sometimes used as a sealant backing
in a partially filled joint.
C 717, C24
joint, flanged--a mechanical joint using pipe flanges, a gasket, and
bolts.
F 412, F17
joint, flare--a mechanical compression connection between flaredend plastic pipe and a fitting specifically designed to accept
flared-end plastic pipe.
F 412, F17
joint, heat-fused--a joint made using heat and pressure only.
F 412, F17
jointing yard--{archaic} place between the grinding and polishing
operations in the continuous manufacture of plate glass, where the
plaster joints are remade, sometimes called "middle yard."
C 162, C14
joint in off-center position--with the joint at normal or design
closure, without joint angular deflection, when the spigot or bell
has been moved in a radial direction. The maximum off-center
position occurs when the outer surface of the spigot and the inner
surface of the bell are in contact.
C 822, C13
joint, insert-fitting--a mechanical joint using external metal clamps,
rings, or other devices to form a pressure seal between an insert
fitting and the pipe or tube.
F 412, F17
joint leakage test--test procedure, utilizing water pressure, air
pressure or a vacuum, intended to determine the acceptability of an
individual joint relative to leakage.
C 822, C13
joint leakage test apparatus--sealing device used to isolate a single
joint so that the joint can be tested for leakage. See joint leakage
test.
C 822, C13

joint, n
adhesive joint, n--location at which two adherends are held
together with a layer of adhesive. (See also bond, n.)

edge joint, n--in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding

adherends edge to edge (with grain directions parallel) to
form wider stock.
finger joint, n--a joint formed by bonding two precut members
shaped like fingers.
laminate joint, n--in wood bonding, a joint made by bonding
layers of adherends face to face to form thicker stock.
lap joint, n--a joint made by placing one adherend partly over
another and bonding together the overlapped portions.
scarf joint, n--a joint made by cutting away similar angular
segments of two adherends and bonding the adherends with
the cut areas fitted together.
starved joint, n--a joint that has an insufficient amount of
adhesive to produce a satisfactory bond.
joint aging time, n--synonym for joint conditioning time.
D 907, D14
joint--the junction of two adjacent pieces of wood or veneer.
butt joint--the place where two pieces of wood are joined
together end to end.
edge joint--the place where two pieces of wood are joined
together edge to edge.
glue joint--the place where two pieces of wood are joined
together by means of glue.
open joint--failure of bond or separation of two adjacent
pieces of veneer so as to leave veneers.
starvedjoint--a glue joint that is poorly bonded because of an
insufficient quantity of glue.
sunken joint--in the case of plywood, a depression in the
surface of the face ply directly above an edge joint in a
lumber core or crossband. Usually the result of localized
shrinkage in the edge-jointed layer.
D 1038, D07
joint, n - - a designed and constructed or sawed space or opening
between adjoining pavement surfaces.
D 5535, D04
joint, n--the linear void located between juxtaposed fire-separating
elements.
E 176, E05
joint, n--general term. See particular joint of interest. Compare
connection.
E 631, E06
joint, n - - a discontinuity made necessary by design or by interruption
of a paving operation.
E 867, E17
joint, n - - a discontinuity made necessary by design or by interruption
of a paving operation.
E 1778, E17
joint--the location at which two pieces of pipe or a pipe and a fitting
are connected together.
F 412, F17
ioint--the junction where the scissor blades are secured by a screw
allowing the instrument to pivot.
F 1078, F04
joint, adhesive-bonded--a joint made using an adhesive to bond the
piping components.
F 412, F17
tint at normal (design) closure--position of the joint when closed
to the manufacturer's recommended inside longitudinal separation
without joint angular deflection.
C 822, C13
333

joint linemSee parting line.

joint line--See parting line.

C 162, C14
it will more or less represent the average condition of the
population.
D 5681, D34
judgment sampling--the process by which a number of items or
areas are selected from the population for analysis without meeting
standard random selection and sample size criteria. E 2135, E53
jumbo---a specially built mobile carrier used to provide a work
platform for one or more tunneling operations, such as drilling and
loading blast holes, setting tunnel supports, installing rock bolts,
grouting, etc.
D 653, D18
jumpers or jumping--see poppers.
C 286, B08
junction class, n--the electrical connectivity of a junction. Class U
junctions are electrically isolated from conductive sheaths and
from reference ground. Class G junctions are electrically connected to conductive sheaths.
E 344, E20
junction potential--the portion of the total observed potential
developed between the sensing and reference electrodes that is
formed at the liquid/liquid junction between the reference electrode tilling solution and the sample solution. For accuracy, the
junction potential should be as low and as constant as possible
despite variations in the composition of the sample solution.
Reference electrode filling solutions should be judiciously chosen
to minimize liquid junction potential.
D 4127, D19
juncture, n--the interface between two different tire components or
different compounds within the same component.
F 538, F09
juncture cracking, n - - a crack with opening originating at a juncture
between two components.
F 538, F09
juncture opening, n - - a separation developing in a juncture.
F 538, F09
just noticeable difference, n--See threshold, difference.
E 253, E18
~ust noticeable difference, n--see just perceptible difference.
E 284, E12
just-perceptible difference, n---color difference that is just large
enough to be perceived in almost every trial, n
E 284, E12
jute, n--soft fibers from the inner bark of the round pod jute
(Corchorus capsularis), the long pod jute (Corchorus olitorius),
and from the inner bark of other closely related plants, such as
kenaf, sometimes referred to as Meshta (Hibiscus cannabinus).
D 123, D13
juvenile wood--the wood formed adjacent to the pith, characterized
by progressive change in cell dimension, different microstructure
than mature wood, and greater shrinkage parallel to the grain.

C 162, C14

joint, mechanical--a connection between piping components employing physical force to develop a seal or produce alignment.
F 412, F17
joint pattern--a group of joints that form a characteristic geometrical
relationship, and which can vary considerably from one location to
another within the same geologic formation. (ISRM) D 653, D18
joint, push o n - - a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is
compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and
a spigot end of pipe.
F 412, F17
joint reinforcement--reinforcement,in or near the joint, intended to
enhance the structural characteristics of the joint area of a concrete
pipe or box section.
C 822, C13
joint, saddle-fused--a joint in which the curved base of the saddle
fitting and a corresponding area of the pipe surface are heated and
then placed together to form the joint.
F 412, F17
joint seal deterioration, n - - a n y condition that enables incompressible materials or water to infiltrate into a previously sealed joint
from the surface.
E 867, El7
joint seal deterioration, n - - a n y condition which enables incompressible materials or water to infiltrate into a previously sealed
joint from the surface.
E 1778, E17
joint shear test--a proof-of-design test procedure to determine
minimum shear strength of a joint.
C 822, C13
joint, socket-fused or iusert-fused--a joint in which the joining
surfaces of the components are heated, and the joint is made by
inserting one component into the other.
F 412, F17
joint, solvent-cemented--a joint made using a solvent cement to
unite the components.
F 412, F17
joint spalling, n--cracking, breaking, or chipping of concrete pavement edges within 0.6 m (2 ft) of a joint.
E 867, E17
joint spalling, n---cracking, breaking, or chipping of concrete pavement edges within 0.6 m (2 ft) of a joint.
E 1778, E17
joint tape, n - - a type of paper, metal, fabric, glass mesh, or other
material, commonly used with a cementitious compound, to
reinforce the joints between adjacent gypsum boards. C 11, C l l
joint, threaded--a mechanical joint that utilizes threaded pipe and
fittings.
F 412, F17
Jordan d i a g r a m - - a graph showing the variation of some magnetic
parameter versus frequency when the excitation is within the
Rayleigh range.
A 340, A06
joule, J--the unit of energy in the SI system of units. One joule is one
watt-second.
A 340, A06
J-R curve--a plot of resistance to stable crack extension, Aa .
E 182P3,E08
judge, n--See assessor.
E 253, El8
judgment sampling, n--taking of a sample(s) based on judgment that

NOTE--In softwoods, juvenile wood is characterized by lower

specific gravity and strength. It may vary in quantity from tree to tree
and extend from the pith 5 to 20 growth rings.
D 9, D07
J-valve, n - - a manually operated, spring-loaded, SCUBA cylinder
check valve that incorporates a low air warning/reserve air
mechanism.
F 1549, F32

334