1 Treatment Plant Capacity

Design Water Demand for the ultimate design year =

Operation Hrs. of WTP =

Raw Water Flow =

2 Inlet tank

3 Horizontal Flow around and End baffled Flocculator

Design of Rectangular Sedimentation Tank

Loadig / overflow rate

For ideal settling basin and complete removal of minimum size of particle, equate s
overflow rate for 100% removal.
Vs = Vo =

However, due to short circuiting there is reduction in efficiency and decrease in sur
efficiency of minimum size particles in real basin, is given as: (as per manual, page

1
n

y
v
1 1 n 0
Q
y0

y0
n=

V
Q
A
V0
1

Q
n

y
1

y0

1 4 1 0.75 4 1

V0
Q
A
Dimension of Tank
Surface area of the tank = (241.2 x 24) / 18.568 =

Check against resuspension of deposited particles

Flow velocity (v ) that can resuspension of deposited particles in the sludge zone is

To avoid resuspension this critical displacement velocity should not be exceeded * h

be less than critical displacement velocity. Horizontal velocity of the flow in the sett

Influent structure

The influent structure is designed to minimize turbulence, to distribute the water an

width and throughout the depth of settling basin and to avoid deposition of suspend
an influent channel, submerged orifices and baffles in front of orifices.
Influent channel
Provide
0.3m
0.5m
That runs across the width of the tank
Provide
2
in the inside wall of influent channel to distribute the flow uniformly into the basin

A baffle wall of 1m deep is provided at a distance of 1 m away from the orifice to re

Effluent Structure
The components of effluent structure are :
effluent weir
effluent launder
outlet pipe
Weir length and number of v-notches
Weir loading
Spacing between v notches
Number of 90 V notches

Provide an effluent launder of 5.2 m length with connected V notches in one side of
Width of the launder
critical depth at the end of effluent launder

q L

y2

1
3

Depth of water at upper end of trough is

Amounting for head loss, the critical depth of the launder channel
Provide the diameter of outlet pipe
Slow Sand Filter

Enclosure Tank/ Beds

Size of each Filter beds

Depth of tank =

Filter Media (Sand)

sand layer placed over gravel support
effective size (D10) of the sand varies from 0.2 to 0.4 mm
uniformity coefficient (D60/D10) varies from 1.8 to 2.5
The top 0.15 m layer of sand is kept finer variety than that the rest which is kept un
Base Material (Gravel)
base material is gravel and it supports sand layers
size of gravel in the bottom most layers is kept 40 to 65 mm
in the intermediate layers varying 20 to 40 mm and 6 to 20 mm
in the top most layers 3 to 6 mm

Under drainage system

A Central Drain of size 0.3 m x 0.3 m with perforated concrete slab/tiles lay over the
Graded gravel of 0.2 m to 0.3 m is placed on the under drain to prevent the entry o
absorption of filter water from the entire filter bed.
Clear Water Reservoir

Size of the each CWR

Chemical Store/House
Alum mixing and dosing
Adequate space for 3 months storage of Alum shall be provided (as per manual, pa

Turbidity of river water during pre monsoon and during monsoon as per test
results

Design of Alum Solution Tanks

Alum
Chlorine

Plant Capacity

esign Water Demand for the ultimate design year =

=

3120000 Lit/day
3.12 MLD

Say =

24 Hrs
36.1111111111 Lit/Sec
36 Lit/Sec

Operation Hrs. of WTP =

aw Water Flow =

Hydraulic Retantion Time =

Volume required = (0.004 cumec x 10min x 60sec)

10 Minutes
21.6 cubic meter

Water depth in tank (assumed)

Area required
Size of square tank
Dimensions of Inlet Tank (Square size)=

Free board
Flow around and End baffled Flocculator

2m
10.8 sq. m.
3.29
5m x 4m x 2.5m
provided 6m x 5m x 3m
0.5 m

Total Volume to be treated =

Detention Time in the basin =

Vol of water treated in 30 minutes=

Velocity of flow in the flocculator
Length of flow (in 30 minutes)
Required Cross Section of channel b/w the baffles
(120.6 / 360)
Distance b/t the baffles
Water depth in channel
Provide water depth
Hence, velocity in the channel
Clear opening between the end of each baffles and
the wall may be taken as
Now, length of flow

3110400 Lit/Day
15 to 30 Minutes
Take 30 Minutes
64800 Liter
64.8 cub. Meter
0.2 m/sec
360 meter
0.18 sq meter
0.50 m
0.36 m
1m
0.067 / (1 x 0.5)

0.072

0.75 m
129.6 m

The tank is divided in to two compartments by providing a longitudinal partition wall of width
0.2 m and each half may have a clear width of 4 m (assumed)

Effective length of each channel =

Number of channel required =
Hence, number of channels in each half =
The clear length of the tank excluding the baffle walls
and side wall =

Assuming the thickness of each baffle =

The overall length of the of the tank =
Free board =
Dimension (inside) of the Tank =

clear width of either half of the tank 2x

opening
1.25 m
103.7 nos.
51.8 nos.
No. of channel x distance between each
channel
25.9 m
0.1 m
31 m
0.3 m
(22 m x 4.2 m x 1.5 m)

ectangular Sedimentation Tank

Design flow rate =

3110400 Lit / day

129.6 cum / hr
Average particle size to be removed=
0.02 mm
Assumed performance of Settling tank =
good
(n=0.25)
Expected removal efficiency of minimum size particles
75% (as per manual not less th
Nature of particles =
discrete & non floating
Specific gravity of particles =
2.65
Kinematic viscosity of water at 20 C =
1.01x 10-6
m2/s
Slope of the tank floor =
1 in 10
(as per manual, page no.1
Vertical settling velocity of minimum size particles =

vs

g ( S s 1) d 2
9.81( 2.65 1)(0.02) 2 10 3

3.56 10 4
6
18
18 1.01 10

Reynolds number =

vs

3.56 104 0.02 10 3

704 10 3
1.01 10 6

Hence, Stokes law is applicable and computed settling velocity is correct

erflow rate

tling basin and complete removal of minimum size of particle, equate settling velocity equal to theoretical su
e for 100% removal.
3.56 x 10 -4 m/sec =

30.76 m/day

ue to short circuiting there is reduction in efficiency and decrease in surface overflow rate. Expected removal
minimum size particles in real basin, is given as: (as per manual, page no. 231)

Efficiency of removal of suspended particles

75%

coefficient that identified basin performance

0.25

Surface overflow rate for ideal settling basin

required overflow rate for real basin to achieve an
efficiency of y / yo for given basin performance

1
y0

1 4 1 0.75 4 1

= 1.656

= 30.75/ 1.656 = 18.568 m/day

urface area of the tank = (241.2 x 24) / 18.568 =

0.77 m / hr

167.51 sq. m.

Assume length to width ratio = 3:1

Width of tank =
Length of tank =

(as per manual 3:1 to 5:1,

7.47 m
22.42 m

Assuming detention period =

Water Depth of settling zone (at avg flow) =
Free board =

3 Hrs
1.14 m
0.5 m

Sedimentation tank dimension (31m x 11m x 2.8m)

st resuspension of deposited particles

y (v ) that can resuspension of deposited particles in the sludge zone is given by

8k

g S s 1 d

f

Say
Say

Say

8k

g S s 1 d

f

for unigranular particles (k) =

Darcy weisbach friction factor (f) =
v=

0.04
0.03
0.059 m/s

uspension this critical displacement velocity should not be exceeded * horizontal velocity of flow in the basin
critical displacement velocity. Horizontal velocity of the flow in the settling basin at average flow.
0.00063

vh

Q
62.50

1.34 10 3
B D 11 2.5 3600

< 5.88 x 10-2 m/s

tructure

structure is designed to minimize turbulence, to distribute the water and suspended solid uniformly across t
hroughout the depth of settling basin and to avoid deposition of suspended solids in influent structure. It cons
channel, submerged orifices and baffles in front of orifices.

wide
deep
ross the width of the tank
submerged orifice
0.2m x 0.2m
wall of influent channel to distribute the flow uniformly into the basin

0.04

of 1m deep is provided at a distance of 1 m away from the orifice to reduce turbulence.

Influent Channel width
Assume depth of flow
Coefficient of discharge
Velocity of the flow in the channel
Head loss through orifice

0.3 m
0.3 m
0.6
0.40 m/s
0.17 m

ents of effluent structure are :

5.2 m

and number of v-notches

ween v notches
90 V notches

598 cubic meter / day /m

150 mm
35 nos.

ffluent launder of 5.2 m length with connected V notches in one side of the launder
0.3 m
h at the end of effluent launder
y2
1.74 m
1
2
3

q L

ter at upper end of trough is

y1

y2
y1

or head loss, the critical depth of the launder channel

diameter of outlet pipe

Total inlet flow for filter house

No. of bed filter beds
Maximum Filtration Rate
Minimum Filtration Rate
Height of water over filter beds
No. of filters washed at a time
Length to Width ratio

Rate of flow
Rate of flow /unit
Area required for each bed
Width of each beds
Length of each bed
Filter beds
Bed slope of tank is kept

2
2 q
L
N

g b 2 y1
3.07 m

0.3 m
150 mm

129.6 cum/hr
12 nos.
0.2 m/hr
0.1 m/hr
1m
1 no.
1.5 : 1

129.6 cum/hr
10.8 cum/hr
108 sqm
8.5 m
12.7 m
17.4 m x 11.6 m
1 in 100
towards central drain

Free board +supernatant water + filter sand+ supporting gravels + under drainage system
Free board
0.3 m
Supernatant water
1m
Filter sand
1m
Supporting gravels
0.6 m
Under drainage system
0.3 m
Depth of tank =
3.2 m

a (Sand)
laced over gravel support
e (D10) of the sand varies from 0.2 to 0.4 mm
oefficient (D60/D10) varies from 1.8 to 2.5
5 m layer of sand is kept finer variety than that the rest which is kept uniform in grain size

rial (Gravel)
al is gravel and it supports sand layers
el in the bottom most layers is kept 40 to 65 mm
mediate layers varying 20 to 40 mm and 6 to 20 mm
ost layers 3 to 6 mm

nage system
ain of size 0.3 m x 0.3 m with perforated concrete slab/tiles lay over the top of gutter
el of 0.2 m to 0.3 m is placed on the under drain to prevent the entry of the sand and ensure uniform
of filter water from the entire filter bed.

r Reservoir
Water Flow
Capacity of the tank with 8 hrs storage
Provide 4 no. tanks of capacity
Depth of water in the tank
Area of each tank
Provide a Rectangular tank with L: B
Width of the Tank
Length of the tank
Free Board

ize of the each CWR

3120000 lit/day
1040 cum
260 cum
2.5 m
104 sqm
1.5 : 1
8.3 m
12.5 m
0.5 m
17 m x 12 m x 3 m

tore/House
g and dosing
pace for 3 months storage of Alum shall be provided (as per manual, page 200)
Strength of Alum solution
Alum solution Tanks (Minimum)

river water during pre monsoon and during monsoon as per test
Alum dose in the dry months
Alum dose in the months of monsoon

5 % by weight
2 nos.
5 NTU
5 mg/lit
8 mg/lit

Quantity of Raw water to be treated

3120000 lit/day

alum required per day in dry season

15600000 mg/day
15.6 kg/day
3775.2 kg
24960000 mg/day
24.96 kg/day

for 8 months
alum required per day during monsoon

for 4 months
Total requirement in a year
wastage in handling
Total alum required in a year
Hence, Alumfor 3 months storage
Height of stack maintained
Space required for accommodate alum
One weighing machine shall be provided

Alum Solution Tanks

operation hours
Considering Maximum dose
Daily requirement of Alum
Volume of Alum Solution Tank
(5% strength by weight)
Added volume of sludge of Alum (10%)
Depth of tank
size of tank
Provide 2 nos. tanks of Size
Platform width between each tank
for handling the chemicals and preparing the solution
Height of the railing in the platform
Length of platform
width of platform
Provide one Elevated RCC platforms
Provide one Elevated RCC platforms

3070.08 kg
6845.28 kg
6.85 ton
5%
7.19 ton/year
1.797 ton / 3 months
2m
6m x 3m x 3m
200 kg capacity

24 hrs in a day
8 mg/l
24.96 kg
0.50 cum
0.55 cum
1m
0.74 m
1.1m x 1.1m x 1m
0.75 m
0.75 m
3.73 m
2.49 m
4.26 m x 2.76 m

0.036 cumec

ubic meter

(from 67 Lit/sec)

ub. Meter

As per manual
<1m
(as per manual pg 208)
m/sec
(as per manual 1.5 x
distance btw baffles)

artition wall of width

med)

ther half of the tank 2x the

opening

istance between each

annel

as per manual not less than 70%, page 231)

as per manual, page no.127 & 230)

m/sec

<1

ity equal to theoretical surface

w rate. Expected removal

as per manual 3:1 to 5:1, page no. 226)

11 m
31 m
(between 3-4 hrs as per manual, page 227)
2.3 m

locity of flow in the basin should

average flow.

< 5.88 x 10-2 m/s

O.K.

d solid uniformly across the

influent structure. It consists of

sqm area

ubic meter / day /m

(CPHEEO, pg 228)

2
L
N

b 2 y1

(CPHEEO, pg 236)
(CPHEEO, pg 236)
(CPHEEO, pg 237)

(12 units)

owards central drain

drainage system

nd ensure uniform

% by weight

S.K. Garg, page no.483

on / 3 months
manual, page 200

g capacity

rs in a day