KUMPULAN SOAL-SOAL

Neraca Massa dan Energi I

Disusun Oleh:
Kelompok 1
ASTRIE GLORYA B HARAHAP

0612 4041 1466

HENNY KOMALA SARI SIBARANI

0612 4041 1470

LIS OCKTTY ZAHARA PAMOGA

0612 4041 1472

RIZKI APRLIANSYA

0612 4041 1480

TRI AMRULLAH

0612 4041 1482

VANYA ANINDIA PUTRI

0612 4041 1484

HAYNURNISSA YUSPARANI

0611 4041 1500

Kelas

: 2 EGA

Dosen Pembimbing

: Ir. Arizal Aswan, M.T

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA

TAHUN AJARAN 2012/2013

BAB 3 BEHAVIOR OF IDEAL GAS

No 8
A chimney gas has the following composition by volume :
CO2

9,5%

CO

0,2%

O2

9,6%

N2

80,7%

Using the ideal gas law, calculate:

a. Its composition by weight
Answer :
Basis of calculation : 1 lb-mol of gas
Lb-mole

Weight

Weight,Lb

CO2

0,095 lb-mole

44

0,095 lb-mole x 44 = 4,180 lb

CO

0,002 lb-mole

28

0,002 lb-mole x 28 = 0,056 lb

O2

0,096 lb-mole

32

0,096 lb-mole x 32 = 3,072 lb

N2

0,807 lb-mole

28

0,807 lb-mole x 28 = 22,596 lb +

29,904 lb

b.

Volume occupied by 1,0 lb of the gas at 80F and 29,5 in Hg pressure

Answer :
TR = TF + 460 = 80 + 460 = 540R
Volume at standard condition = 359,046 cu ft x

1
29,92

= 13,36 cu ft

Total weight : 29,904 lb

V1

= Vo x

PO
P1

= 13,36 cu ft x

T1
To

29,92Hg
29,5Hg

540 R
492 R

= 399,6854 cu ft
c.

Density of the gas in ponds per cubic foot at the condition part b
Answer :

Density =
d.

Weight
Volume

29,904 lb
399,6854 cu ft

= 0,07481 lb/cu ft

Specific gravity of the mixture

Answer :
Specific gravity =

Density of the gas

Density of the air
lb
ft
cu
lb
0,0807 ft
cu

0,07481
=

= 0,9270
No 13
A producer gas has the following composition by volume :
CO

23,0%

CO2

4,4%

O2

2,6%

N2

70,0%
T =70F, P = 750 mm Hg

a.

CO

23,0%

CO2?

CO2

4,4%

O2..?

O2

2,6%

N2.?

N2

70,0%

Calculate the cubic feet of the gas at 70 and 750 mm Hg pressure, per pound
of carbon present
Answer :
Basis of calculation : 100 lb-mol of gas
Lb-mole

Weight

Weight,Lb

CO

23

lb-mole

28

23 lb-mole x 28 = 644 lb

CO2

4,4

lb-mole

44

44 lb-mole x 28 = 193 lb

O2

2,6

lb-mole

32

2,6 lb-mole x 32 = 83,2 lb

N2

70

lb-mole

28

70 lb-mole x 28 = 1960 lb +
2880,2 lb

Basis 100 lb C =

100
12

= 8,3 lb-mol

2C + O2

2CO

23
2

23

23

C + O2

lb-mole

CO2

4,4 4,4

4,4

lb-mole

Total C = 23 + 4,4 = 27,4 lb-mol x 12 = 328 lb

70F = 530R
1 lb-mol = 359,04 Cu ft
100 lb-mol

= 35904 Cu ft

the cubic feet of the gas at 70 and 750 mm Hg pressure, per pound of
carbon present

V2

= V1 x

P1
P2

= 35904 cu ft x

T2
T1

760 mm Hg
750 mm Hg

530 R
492 R

= 119,2 cu ft
b.

Calculate the volume of the air, at the condition of part a , required for the
combustion of 100 cu ft of the gas at the same condition if it is desired that
the total oxygen present before combustion shall be 20 % in exess of that
theoretically required
Answer :
O2 exess

100+ 20
100

= 1,2 lb-mol

lb-mol gas

100
27,4

x lb-C

100
27,4

x 8,3

= 30,29 lb-mol

CO

= 23 x lb-mol gas
= 23 x 30,29 = 696,67

2CO + O2

2CO2

696,67 348,335

696,67

lb-mol

O2 untuk pembakaran = 20 % in exess

= 1,2 x 348,335 = 418,002 lb-mol
O2 yang ada

= 2,6 x 30,29 = 78,754 lb-mol

O2 yang disupplay

N2 yang disupplay =

= 339,248 lb-mol
78
21

x 339,248 = 1276,2187 lb-mol

Udara disupplay = O2 yang disupplay + N2 disupplay

= 339,248 lb-mol + 1276,2187 lb-mol
= 1615,4667 lb-mol

Vudara =

n RT
P

Vudara / 100 ft3 gas =

c.

1615,4667 x 0,000073021 x 530

0,986
100
119,2

= 63,38 cu ft3

x 63,38 = 53,179 cu ft3

Calculate the percentage composition by volume of the gases leaving the

burner of part b , assuming complete combustion
Answer :
Komposisi gas saat lb-mol gas = 30,29 lb-mol

CO

23,0 x 30,29

= 496,67

CO2

4,4 x 30,29

= 133,276

O2

2,6 x 30,29

= 78,754

N2

70,0 x 30,29

= 2120,3

2829 lb-mol

Maka
CO2 = 133,276 + 696,67

= 823,946

= 19,20%

O2 = 418,002 348,335

= 69,667= 1,62%

N2 = 2120,3 + 1276,2187 = 3396,5187 + = 79,18% +

4290,1317

100%

No 14
The gas from a sulfur burner has the following composition by volume :

a.

SO3

0,8%

SO2

7,8%

O2

12,2%

N2

79,2%

Calculate the volume the gas at 600F and 29,2 in Hg formed per pound of
sulfur burned
Answer :
Basis of calculation : 1 lb-mol of gas
Lb-mole

Weight

Weight,Lb

SO3

= 0,008 lb-mole

80

0,008 lb-mole x 80 = 0,64 lb

SO2

= 0,078 lb-mole

64

0,078 lb-mole x 64 = 4,992 lb

O2

= 0,122 lb-mole

32

0,0122 lb-mole x 32 = 3,904 lb

28

0,792 lb-mole x 28 = 22,176 lb +

N2

= 0,792 lb-mole

31,712 lb

29,2Hg
29,92Hg

= 0,975

600F = 1060R
Basis 1-lb S dalam gas
1 lb-S =

1
32

lb-mol = 0,03125 lb-mol

%S dalam gas = ( 0,8 + 7,8 )%

= 8,6 %

Total gas =

100
8,6

0,03125 lbmol

x 0,03125 lb-mol = 0,3633

Komposisi gas
SO3

0,008 x 0,3633 = 0,00290

SO2

0,078 x 0,3633 = 0,0283

O2

0,122 x 0,3633 = 0,04432

N2

0,792 x 0,3633 = 0,28773

0,3632 lb-mol

V=

b.

n RT
P

0,3632 x 0,73021 x 1060

0,975

= 288,32 cu ft3

Calculate the percentage exess oxygen supplied for the combustion above
that required for complete oxidation to SO3

3
2

O2

SO3

.1)
0,8
S
7,8

1,2
+

0,8

O2
7,8

SO2 .. 2)
+

7,8

lb-mol

9
Total O2 disupplay = O2 dalam SO2 reax 1)+ O2 dalam SO2 reax 2) + O2 bebas
= 12,2+ ( 1,2+7,8)
= 21,2 lb-mol

S dalam terbakar = S reax 1 + S reax 2

= 0,8 + 7,8
= 8,6 lbmol x 32
= 275,2 lb
O2 teoritis
S

3
2

8,6

O2

SO3

12,9

8,6

O2 teoritis = 12,9
O2 exess ( %) =

c.

21,212,9
12,9

x 100% = 64,3%

Calculate the volume of air at 70F and 29,92 in Hg supplied for the
combustion per pound of sulfur burned
Answer :
Udara =

V=

n RT
P

100
21

x 21,2 = 100,95 lb-mol/100 lb-mol

100,95 x 0,73021 x 530

1

= 40033,60 /275,2 ft3 = 145,46 ft3

No 15
A furnace is to be designed to burn coke at the rate of 200 lb per hour . The coke
has the following composition :
Carbon

89,1%

Ash

10,9%

The grate efficiency of the furnace is such that 90% of the carbon present in that
coke charged is burned. Air is supplied in 30% exess of that required for the
complete combustion of all the carbon charged. It may be assumed that 97% of the
carbon burned is oxidized to the dioxide , the remainder forming monoxide
a.

Calculate the composition by volume of the flue gases leaving the furance

Answer :
Carbon 89,1% =
Ash

89,1
x 200 lb=178,2lb
100

10,9% =

, 1C =

10,9
x 200 lb=21,8 lb
100

Dalam 90%
C terbakar = 0,9 x 178,2 lb = 160,38 lb
dalam 1C

160,38
12

= 13 ,365 lb-mol

C tidak terbakar = 178,2 160,38 = 17,82 lb

Refuse : C

= 17,82

Abu = 2,80
97%
C

0,97 x C terbakar
O2

CO2

12,964

12,964

12,964

3%

0,97 x C terbakar

2C

0,401

O2

CO

0,401/2

0,401

Total O2 = 12,964 + 0,201 = 13,165

Menghitung O2 teoritis
C
14,85

O2

CO2

14,85

14,85

C awal
O2 teoritis = 14,85 lb-mol
O2 disupplai =
N2 dari udara =

130
x 14,85=19,305lbmol
100
79
x 19,305=72,624 lbmol
21

O2 Sisa = 19,305-13,165 = 6,14 lb-mol

178,2
12

= 14,85

Udara

CO2 = 12,964 lb-mol = 14,07 %

Furnace

Coke

C0 = 0,401

= 0,42 %

O2 = 6,16

= 6,66 %

N2 = 72,624
92,129
n RT
P

V=

92,129 X 0,73021 X 10 10
0,97763

+ = 78,85 % +
100 %

= 69500/60 ft3 = 1158,3

ft3/menit

No 16
A by-product coke oven produces one million cubic feet of coal gas per hour having
the following analysis by volume
C6H6 5,0%

CO

7,0%

C7H8 5,0%

H2

35,0%

CH4

CO2

5,0%

N2

3,0 %

40,0%

100 %
The gas leaves the oven at 20,0 psi absolute pressure and 740 . After cooling
100 . the benzena and toluena are completely removed by absorption
Calculate :
a. Average molecular weight of the gas leaving the oven and the absorber
Answer :
P = 20 psi

Gasifier

ABS

Kondisi standar P = 20 psi/14,70 psi= 1,3605

n=

PV
RT

Komposisi :

1,3605 x 1000000
0,73021 x 1200

= 1552,6355 lb-mol

C6H6 5,0% x 1552,6355

= 77,631775 lb-mol = 6055,27845 lb

CO

= 108,684485 lb-mol = 3043,16558 lb

7,0%

C7H8 5,0%

= 77,631775 lb-mol = 7142,1233 lb

H2

35,0%

= 543,422425lb-mol = 1086,84485 lb

CH4

40,0%

= 621,0542 lb-mol

= 9936,8672 lb

CO2

5,0%

= 77,63175 lb-mol

= 3415,7981lb

N2

3,0 %

= 77,63175lb-mol

= 7142,1233 lb

1552,6355 lb-mol

BM =

b.

31984,2913
1552,6355

31984,2913 lb

=20,6

Weight of gas leaving the oven and absorber

Komposisi :
CO

7,0%

= 108,684485 lb-mol = 3043,16558 lb

H2

35,0%

= 543,422425lb-mol = 1086,84485 lb

CH4

40,0%

= 621,0542 lb-mol

= 9936,8672 lb

CO2

5,0%

= 77,63175 lb-mol

= 3415,7981lb

N2

3,0 %

= 77,63175lb-mol

= 7142,1233 lb

1397,37195 lb-mol
BM =

C.

18786,33956
1397,37195

18786,33956 lb

=13,44

Volumetric composition of the gas leaving the absorber

P = 20 psi

Gasifier

ABS
CO

7,77%

H2

38,88%

d.

CH4

44,47%

CO2

5,55%

N2

3,53 %

Weights of benzene anda toluene absorbed

C6H6 5,0% x 1552,6355

= 77,631775 lb-mol = 6055,27845 lb

C7H8 5,0%

= 77,631775 lb-mol = 7142,1233 lb +

155,26355 lb-mol 13197,402 lb

BM = 85,000002

No 18
Suatu gas meninggalkan stabilizer dengan komposisi volum sebagai berikut :
P = 16 Psi = 1,088 atm
T = 900 F = 5500 K
V = 70.000 Ft3/hr

S
T
A
B
I
L
I
Z

C3H8 = 8,0 %
CH4 = 78,0 %
C2H6 = 10,0 %
C4H10 = 4,0 %

E
R

REF
O
R
M
I
N
G
PLANT

Gas tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam re-forming plant dan terjadilah

reaksi seperti yang ada di bawah ini :
CnH2n+2 + nH2O

nCO + (2n+1)H2..................... (1)

CO +H2O

CO2 + H2............................. (2)

Dimana pada reaksi pertama, hanya 95% dari gas CnH2n+2 yang dikonversikan dan
pada rekasi kedua, gas CO yang dihasilkan dari reaksi pertama hanya 90% nya
dikonversikan. Hitunglah :
a. Berat molekul rata-rata gas yang meninggalkan stabilizer
b. Berat dari gas yang dimasukkan ke dalam re-forming plant dalam pon per
jam.
c. Berat hidrogen yang meninggalkan re-forming plant dalam pon per jam.
Penyelesaian :
Basis 1 jam operasi
1. Mencari mol gas yang keluar dari stabilizer

PV
n=

RT
1,088 atm x 70.000 Ft3
=

= 189,64 lbmole
0,7302 ft3 atm/lb-mole oR x 550 oR

Komposisi gas menjadi sebagai berikut :

C3H8 = 8,0 %

= 8/100 x 189,64 lb mole = 15,1712 lb mole x 44

= 667,533 lb

CH4 = 78,0 % = 78/100 x 189,64 lb mole = 148,9192 lb mole x 16

= 2366,707 lb

C2H6= 10,0 %

= 10/100 x 189,64 lb mole =

18,964 lb mole x 30

= 568,92 lb

C4H10 = 4,0 %

= 4/100 x 189,64 lb mole =

7,5856 lb mole x 58 + = 439,965 lb+

189,64 lb mole

2.Menghitung mol tiap gas pada reaksi 1 (95% gas terkonversi)

Dimana reaksi yang berlangsung adalah :
CnH2n+2 + nH2O

n CO + (2n + 1) H2

4043,125lb

C3H8 + 3 H2O

3 CO + 7H2

14,41

43,24

CH4 + H2O

CO + 3 H2

140,52

100,8

140,523 421,57

C2H6 + 2 H2O

2 CO + 5 H2
36,03

90,08

18,01

7,206
C
4H10 + 4 H2O

28,83
4 CO

+ 9 H2
64,85

Tabel 1. 95 % gas terkonversi

Komponen
C3H8
CH4
C2H6
C4H10

lb mole
14,413
140,523
18,016
7,206

Total

180,158

Produk lb mole
CO
43,24
140,52
36,03
28,83
248,62

H2
100,89
421,57
90,08
64,85
677,39

3. Menghitung mol tiap gas pada reaksi 2 ( 90% gas terkonversi)

Dimana reaksi yang berlangsung :
CO + H2O
CO + H2O
223,7

223,7

CO2 + H2

CO2 + H2
223,7

223,7

Tabel 2 90 % gas terkonversi

Komponen
CO
H2O
Total

lb mole
223,76
22,76
447,52

4. Membuat tabel rekapiyulasi

Produk lb mole
CO2
223,76
223,76

H2
223,76
223,76

Tabel 3 Rekapitulasi
Produk

lb mole

lb

%V

%W

C3H8

0,7586

33,376

0,0548 %

0,1774 %

CH4

7,3960

118,335

0,5348 %

0,6290 %

C2H6

0,9482

28,446

0,0685 %

0,1512 %

C4H10

0,3793

21,998

0,0274 %

0,1170 %

CO 95 %

248,62

6967,55

17,9766 %

37,0006 %

CO2 90 %

223,76

9854,10

16,1790 %

52,3294 %

H2 95 %

677,39

1356,01

48,9781 %

7,2009 %

H2 90 %

223,76

447,91

16,1808 %

2,3945 %

Total

1383,012

18827,73

100 %

100 %

5. Menjawab pertanyaan
a. Average molecular weight per pound mole
(Berat rata-rata molekul tiap pon mol)

Berat
=

=
Mol

4043,125 lb
= 21,32 /lbmole

189,64 lb-mole

b. Weight of gas feed to the reforming plant pounds per hour

(Berat gas yang dimasukkan ke reforming plant tiap pon per jamnya)
-

C3H8 = 95 % x 15,1712 lb mole = 14,413 lb mole x 44 mole = 634,172 lb

CH4 = 95 % x 147,9192 lb mole = 140,523 lb mole x 16 mole = 2248,368 lb

C2H6 =

95 % x 18,964 lb mole = 18,016 lb mole x 30 mole = 540,480 lb

C4H10 =

95 % x 7,5856 lb mole =

7,206 lb mole x 58 mole = 417,948 lb

180,158 lb mole +

3840,968 lb

Karena basisnya sudah 1 jam operasi maka berat gas yang dimasukkan ke reforming plant tiap jamnya adalah 3840,968 lb
c. Weight of hydrogen leaving there forming plant, pounds per hour

(Berat Hidrogen yang meninggalkan re-forming plant dalam pon/jam)

Berat H2 = Berat H2 reaksi 1 + Berat H2 reaksi 2
= 1356,01 lb + 447,91 lb
= 1803,92 lb

6. Menghitung Neraca massa

C3H8
CH4
C2H6
C4H10
H2O

=
=
=
=
=

667,533 lb

2366,707lb
568,920 lb
439,965 lb
8502,93 lb
Total =12556,055 lb

REF
O
R
M
I
N
G
PLANT

C3H8 =
CH4
=
C2H6
=
C4H10 =
CO2
=
CO
=
H2O =

33,376 lb
118,335 lb
28,446 lb
21,998 lb
9854,10 lb
696,08 lb
1803,92 lb

Total =12556,255 lb

BAB HUMIDITY AND SATURATION

18. An organic chemical must be dried in an atmosphere of hydrogen in a
vacuum type drier operating at 100 mm absolute pressure. The hydrogen
water vapor mixture leaves the drier at 80 oF and 80% humidity.
Calculate the number of pounds of hydrogen required per pound of water
evaporated.
19. The combustion products of hydrocarbon fuel burned with dry air leave
the furnace at 500oF. The average volumetric analysis of the dry gas is as
follows :
CO2

13.30%

CO

0.04

O2

2.66

N2

84.00
100.00%

The barometric pressure is 735 mm. Estimate the dew point of the stack gas.
20. Air at 80oF, 735 mm pressure and 60% humidity is compressed and the
total product is stored in a cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter and 5 ft in
height at 80oF and a pressure of 250 psi absolute. The air initially in the
tank is the same as intake to the compressor. Calculate the humidity of the
air in the cylinder and the weight of water condensed.
21. Air at 25oC, 740 mm Hg and 55% relative humidity is compressed to 10
atm.
(a) to what temperature must the gas-vapor mixture be cooled if 90% of water
is to be condensed?
(b) On the basis of 1 cu ft of original air, what will be the volume of the gasvapor mixture at 10 atm after cooling to the final temperature?

Answer :
18. Basis : 1.0 cu ft of mixture
Vapor pressure of water at 80oF ~ 26.6oC is 26 mm Hg
Pure component volume of vapor : 1.0 x 26 mm Hg

= 0.26 cu ft

100 mm Hg
Composition by volume :
Water vapor 26%
Hydrogen
Vapor present

74%

: 0.26 lb mole ~ 4.68 lb

Hydrogen present

: 0.74 lb mole ~ 1.48 lb

Lb H2 required / lb water evaporated = 1.48 / 4.68 = 0.3162

20. Vapor pressure of water

At 80oF ~ 26oC is 26 mm Hg
Intial partial pressure of water : 0.60 x 26

= 15.6 mm Hg

Initial molal humidity : 15.6 / (735 15.6)

= 0.0217

Final total pressure : 250 x 760 / 14.7

= 12925.17 mm Hg

Final molal humidity : 26 / (12925.17 26)

= 0.002015

Partial pressure of dry air = 735 15.6

= 719.4 mm Hg

Volume of product = volume of cylinder tank :

= ( d) (t) = x 3.14 x 1 ft x 5 ft
= 3.925 ft3
Mol of air : 3.925 / 395

= 0.011 lb moles

Water originally present : 0.011 x 0.0217

2.387

10-4

2.2165

10-5

lbmole
Water finally present : 0.011 x 0.002015
lbmole
Water condensed : 2.1654 x 10-4 lbmole ~ 3.897 x 10-3 lb

21.
(a) Basis : 1.0 lb mole of original mixture
Vapor pressure of water at 25oC = 24 mm Hg
Partial pressure of water : 24 mm Hg x 0,55

= 13.2 mm Hg

Water present : 13.2 / 740

Air present : 1- 0.01784

= 0.01784 lb mole
= 0.98216 lb mole

Water present in final mixture : 0.10 x 0.01784

Final mixture of air : 0.98216 + 0.001784

= 0.001784 lb mole
= 0.983944 lb mole

Mole % of water in final mixture : 0.001784 / 0.983944

= 0.1813%

Final pressure :
Pressure of water / 0.1813 = 10 atm
X / 0.1813 = 7600 mm Hg
X = 13.7 mm Hg
Temperature of water vapor at 13.7 mm Hg is 16.0 oC ( based on vaporpressure chart, page 84)
(b)

Based on 1 cu ft original air. The volume of gas-vapor at 10 atm and 16.0oC is

V1 = 1 cu ft
P1 = 740 mm Hg
T1 = 25oC + 273 K = 298 K
P2 = 10 atm x 760 mm Hg = 7600 mm Hg
T2 = 16oC + 273 K = 289 K
The volume of gas-vapor is :
V2 = V1 x P1 x T2
P2 x T1
= 1 cu ft x 740 mm Hg x 289 K
7600 mm Hg x 298 K
= 0.0944 cu ft