Buckling Analysis of Isotropic Skew Plate

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

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ISSN 2321-6441
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2016
Buckling Analysis of Isotropic Skew Plate

Kumari Shipra Suman1 , Rahul Kumar1, Anurag Singh2 , Jeeoot Singh1*
1-
Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.I.T., Mesra, Ranchi

2-
CTS Kolkota
ABSTRACT
The governing differential equations of skew plate utilizing first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) was discretized by
multiqudratic radial basis functions and are used to predict the buckling behavior of isotropic skew plates. Effect of span to
thickness ratio on the buckling response of thick and thin simply supported skew plate is presented. Numerical results obtained
are in good agreement with other published results. Some new results are also obtained.
Keywords: Skew plate, FSDT, Isotropic, Meshfree.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of skew plates has increased rapidly in recent years. The skew plates are often used in civil, marine,
aeronautical and mechanical engineering applications. Complex alignment problems in bridge design arising from
functional, structural requirements are often solved by the use of skew plates. Reddy and Palaninathan [1] developed a
general high precision triangular finite element to study the buckling problems of skew laminates. Durvasula [2] used a
RRM with the deflection expressed as a double Fourier sine series, to analyse the buckling problems of skew plates. A
set of results was reported which includes critical orthogonally compressive stress and critical orthogonally shear stress
for various skews angles and side ratios. These results show that the efficiency of the method decreases dramatically
with skew angle, particularly for large skew angles such as 45 . Kennedy and Prabhakara [3] developed a similar RRM
used by Durvasula[2]. The B-spline RRM has been applied to the buckling analysis of skew plates by Mizusawa et al.
[4]. They reported some results including critical orthogonally compressive and shear stresses for skew plates both with
simple-supports and clamped edges. Tham and Szeto [5] considered the buckling problem of arbitrarily shaped plates
using a B-spline finite strip method (FSM) with skew geometry as a special case. Wang et al. [6] studied the
orthogonally uniaxial buckling of skew isotropic plates using the pb-2 RRM. Within the context of SDPT, Kitipornchai
et.a1. [7] appears to be the paper in the open literature studying buckling problems of skew isotropic plates. Buckling
analysis of skew fiber reinforced composite laminates with arbitrary lay-ups utilizing B-spline Rayleigh-Ritz method
and CLPT and FSDT is obtained by Wang [8-9].
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The displacement field at any point in the plate is expressed as:
u u0 zx
v v0 z y
w w0
(1)
The skew plate geometry is shown in Figure 1. Thickness h is along z axis whose mid plane is coinciding with x-y
plane of the coordinate system is considered.
Figure1: Geometry of skew plate along with inplane loadings (skew angle- )
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ISSN 2321-6441

The strain-displacement relations can be written as:
u0
z x
xx x
y
u0
z
yy
y
x
xy u v
y
0 0 z x z
x
y
x
y
yz

zx
(2)
y 0
y
w0
x x
(3)
The constitutive stress strain relation for kth lamina can be written as:
xx Q11 Q12 0
0
0 xx

0
0 yy
yy Q12 Q22 0

0 Q66 0
0 xy
xy 0
0
0
0 Q44 0 yz
yz

0
0
0 Q55 k zx
zx k 0
(4)
Where,
Q11 Q22
1
2
, Q12 .Q11 , Q44 Q55 Q66 G
E
2(1 )
(5)
The governing differential equations of plate are obtained using Hamiltons principle and expressed as:
N xx N xy
0
x
y
N xy
x
N yy
y
(6)
(7)
Qx Q y
2 w0
2 w0
2 w0
qz N xb
N yb
2 N xyb
2
2
x
y
x
y
xy
(8)
M xx M xy
Qx 0
x
y
(9)
M xy
x
M yy
y
Qy 0
(10)
where,
x
uo
x
x
N A
B11 B12
A12
0
0
xx
11
vo
0
N yy A12 A22
B12 B22 0
y
y
0
A
0
B
N
66
66
uo vo

xy
y
x
x
y
x
y
(11)
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ISSN 2321-6441
x
uo
x
M B
B12 0 x D11 D12 0
xx
11

vo D
y
Myy B12 B22 0
12 D22 0
y
y
0 B66
0
0 D66
uo vo
y
Mxy
y x
y x
(12)
w0
y
0 y
A55 w0
x
Q y
A44
K
0
Qx
(13)
h/2
A ij ,B ij ,D ij Q ij
2
1,z,z dz
-h/2
(14)
K=shear correction factor taken here as 5/6.

The boundary conditions for an arbitrary edge with simply supported conditions are as follows:
us , s , w0 , Nnn , M nn 0
(15)
Where,
us nx .uo n y .v0
s n y . x n x . y
N nn nx2 N xx +2n x n y N xy +n 2y N yy
2
x
(16)
2
y
M nn n M xx +2n x n y M xy +n M yy
nx cos( n ), n y sin(n )
3. SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
Multiquadric Radial basis function g =
r 2 c 2j , c j 0 is used to solve the partial differential equations with the
principle of interpolation of scattered data over entire domain. The solution of governing differential equations is
assumed as:
N
u0 uj g X X j , c , v0 vj g X X j , c , w0 wj g X X j , c , x jx g X X j , c , y j y g X X j , c
j 1
j 1
Where, g X X j , c is radial basis function,
j 1
j 1
is unknown coefficient. r X X j
j 1
x x y y
j
is
the radial distance between two nodes and c is shape parameter. The accuracy and convergence of obtained results is
influenced by shape parameter. The value of shape parameter c with minimum interpolation error depends upon the
number of nodes in the scattered data and in present paper it is taken as 1.6/N0.25.
Eigen value Buckling Analysis
The discretized governing differential equation for the plate subjected to inplane loads is expressed as eigen value for
predicting the critical buckling load
KE N KG 0
Where KE is the stiffness matrix and KG is geometric stiffness matrix, N is eigen value of buckling load.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The material properties of an isotropic plate is taken as E=1 and =0.3. The dimensionless buckling load parameter is
taken as:
a2
N 2
D
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ISSN 2321-6441
The results obtained for first eight modes of buckling load are shown in Table-1. The same is depicted in Figure 2. It is
observed that convergence of present results is below 1% for all the modes at 15x15 nodes. Heence forth all other
results are obtained at 15x15 nodes.
Table 1: Convergence for of a isotropic skew plate at skew angle 750
The
Number of nodes
Mod
e
5x5
7x7
9x9
11x11
13x13
15x15
3.602374
3.938343
4.093957
4.179818
4.233404
4.269434
9.592845
6.401007
6.265644
6.265032
6.290904
6.319771
21.03755
9.930735
9.508181
9.434245
9.434271
9.453258
25.55027
13.67049
12.68737
12.48213
12.442
12.44461
39.61054
14.11105
13.69027
13.66172
13.66443
13.67319
46.91019
18.57068
15.20746
15.03959
15.00184
14.99422
62.88834
19.57434
15.63986
15.30137
15.23431
15.23234
91.43925
21.45916
18.32165
17.77804
17.67252
17.66464
96
88
Mode-1
Mode-2
Mode-3
Mode-4
Mode-5
Mode-6
Mode-7
Mode-8
80
72
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
5x5
7x7
9x9
11x11
13x13
15x15
Number of Nodes
Figure 2: Convergence for of a isotropic skew plate at skew angle 750

Results are also obtained for uni-axial and bi-axial compression and shown in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively along
with other published results. It is observed that present results are in good agreement with other published results.
Table 2: Buckling Load Parameter of a isotropic skew plate under uniaxial compression ( a/h=10)
Skew Angle
[4]
[5]
[6]
[2]
[1]
[3]
[9]
[7]
Present
90
-
75
4.38
4.44
4.48
4.32
4.33
4.0881
4.1422
4.269434
3.7319
3.7865
3.773942
60
5.901
5.93
6.19
6.41
5.55
5.53
5.4848
5.4617
5.035703
45
10.08
10.36
10.69
12.3
8.64
8.47
9.5934
8.7991
7.240292
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ISSN 2321-6441
Table 3: Buckling Load Parameter of a isotropic skew plate under biaxial compression ( a/h=10)
Skew Angle
90
75
60
45
[5]
2.12
2.55
3.71
[1 ]
2.1
2.46
3.54
[9]
1.866
1.9692
2.3598
3.3749
Present
1.886967
2.185315
2.666845
3.588715
Table 4: Variation of buckling load parameter for span to thickness ratio with skew angle (Uniaxial)
Skew Angle
a/h
90
75
60
45
30
3.266141
3.51881
3.934417
5.030459
7.25019
10
20
30
3.773942
3.8732
3.832518
4.269434
4.47305
4.432189
5.035703
5.349554
5.303806
7.240292
8.134828
8.336507
12.84427
17.59318
17.80066
40
3.776486
4.348074
5.195205
8.415516
18.67411
50
3.72411
4.251673
5.070522
8.428187
18.68615
100
3.545455
3.53455
4.299403
7.3722
14.28164
Table 5: Variation of buckling load parameter for span to thickness ratio with skew angle (Bi-iaxial)
Skew Angle
a/h
90
75
60
45
30
1.633082
1.795322
2.103807
2.643869
3.845977
10
1.886967
2.185315
2.666845
3.588715
5.571203
20
1.936566
2.304847
2.837179
3.962443
6.853025
30
1.916176
2.293857
2.821228
4.053113
7.282523
40
1.888107
2.259044
2.773429
4.099493
7.139773
50
1.861869
2.216837
2.717288
4.118784
7.382182
100
1.772383
2.338417
2.338417
3.621919
5.360225
7
0
Skew Angle=90
0
Skew Angle=75
0
Skew Angle=60
0
Skew Angle=45
20
40
60
80
100
a/h
Figure 3: Variation of buckling load parameter for span to thickness ratio with skew angle (Uni-iaxial)
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ISSN 2321-6441

8
a/h=5
a/h=10
a/h=20
a/h=30
a/h=40
a/h=50
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Skew Angle
Figure 4: Variation of buckling load parameter for span to thickness ratio with skew angle (Bi-iaxial)
Results are also obtained to check the effect of skew angle for different span to thickness ratio and shown in Table 4
and Table 5 for uniaxial and biaxial in-plane loadings respectively. For better comparisons the results are again
depicted in Figures 4 & 5 respectively. It is found that effect of span to thickness ratio becomes almost negligible after
a/h=30.Buckling load parameter increases with increase in skewness. It is also found that as skew angle decreases
(skewness increases) the buckling load parameter increases and becomes more prominent for higher skewness.
Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows the flexure mode shapes of an isotropic skew plate for first eight modes (at skew angle
750) and with different skew angles for a/h-10 respectively.
4e -00
4e-009
-2e-009
2e-0 0
09
09
-2e
-0
2e-009
0
0
0.5
0
0
-4e-00 9
09
4e-0
2e-009 0
09
2e-0
9
-0 0
9 1
e
-00
-2e-009
0
-4e-009
-6 e-00
9
-00
9
-1e
-1
1
0
0.5
-0.5
0
0.5
09
2e-0
09
0.5
-00
0 0
-4e
2e-009
-0
2e
0.2
0.5
9
-2e-00
0.5
0.4
-5
1
2e-009
0 9
-2e-00
0.5
0 0
2e-0
09
0.6
0.8
0
0
0.2
0.5
10
-00
0.4
-2
1
-1e-00
9
09
-8
x 10
15
0
09
- 2e
0.6
2e -0
0.5
0 0
Figure 5: Flexure modes of isotropic skew plate having skew angle 750 and a/h=10
750
1
0 0
0.5
-4e
0.5
-01
0.2
0.5
1
0
0.5
0
0
-3 e
-0 1
10
-4e
-01
0
-3e-010
0.4
-2
1
-1
-4e
-0
0.6
0.2 0
0.8
0
-1
-1.6
e- 0
09
-1.2e-00 9
0.4
0.5
-4 e0 10
0
-8e-01 0
-4e-010
0
-4e-01
0
-8e-010
2e-0 07
0
4e-008
8e-008 4 e
-0
1.2e-007
08
1.6
e- 0
07
8 e-0 1.2e-007
08
4e-008
0.5
-2
1
-1.
2e
-0
09
0 0
0.5
0.6
01
e-
0
- 1e-010
-2e-010
0
- 01
-1 e 0
1
10
e-0
-0
-2
1-10e
0
0e-0
-01-2
-3e
0.8
0 10
-2e-010
-1e0
0.5
-4e-010
0
0
-1
-4e-010
-8e-010
0
-0 1
-4 e 10
0
e-8
10
-0
9e
e- 00-8
-1.2
-8e-010e-010
-4
0
09
1
0
0.2
-0
.2e
09
e- 0 010
-1 .2 8e-
0.4
-1
1
-1
0
01 10-1.2 e-009
e- 4 e-0
-8
0.6
-4e-010
0.5
8
-00
4e 0
0.8
07
1.2 e-0 07
2
0
08
-0
8e
08
4e -0
0.2
2e -0
0.4
1.6e-007
0.6
x 10
x 10
-10
-9
x 10
1
8
-008e-008
4e
0.8
0
08
8e-0
1.2e-007
1 .6
e00
7
450
-9
-7
x 10
1
600
900
0.5
0
-2
-4
-6
1
0.5
1
0 0
0.5
Figure 6: Fundamental flexure modes of isotropic skew plate with skew angle (a/h=10)
Mode-8
2e -0
0.8
0.5
0 0
1e
-00
9
0.5
0.5
009
-2e-
02e-0 09
-1e-00
-1
1
x 10
1
09
2e-0
-1e
-00
9
-2
e00
9
-8e-010
-4e-010
0
-4e-01
0
-8e-01 0
-0.5
-9
-9
0.5
0
0
0.5
2e-009
0.2
1
09
-2e-009
09
2e0-0e-00 9
-2
00 90
-2e- 2e -00 9
9
-4e -00
-2e-0090
2e-009
0
0 9e-00 9
-0-4
0.4
0.5
9
-2e- 00
-2e
2 e-0
0.6
0
0.5
0.5
0 0
0.5
0.8
2e-00
9
-00
4e
0.5
-1
1
09
0.5
-0
-2e
0
0.2
0
1e-009
-2
1
Mode-7
-2e-009
-4e-009
0.4
x 10
1
0 0
1e-009
0
09
e-0
0.5
-1
0.5
-2e -00 9
9
0.6
-8
-8
-0.5
-2 e-0 09
0
0
09
02e-009
2e-0
0
-2e -009 0
2e- 009
09
02e-0
009
4e0
6e-00 9
4e-009
0
0.8
1e -009
-4e-00 9
-2e-00 9
0
x 10
1
0
1e-009
1e-009
0.2
0.2
0.5
-9
0.4
-4
1
9
- 00
- 2e
Mode-6
0.6
0.4
0 0
-1 e-00
1e-009
0
9
-00
-1e
9
-1e-00
0.8
0.6
-2e-009
x 10
0
0.8
0
-2
-0 0
-4e
Mode-5
1
09
-1e-00
9
0
0.5
Mode-4
0.5
0 0
x 10
1
-9
0.2
-0
1e
1e-0009
-1e-009
-2e-009
0.4
-2
1
0.5
9
-3e-00
0.5
0.6
0
9
-00
0.8
09
-3e-009-2e -0
-1e-009
-4e -010
0
0
-1
Mode-3
-1e
09
0.2
0
-0
.2e
09
-0 0
2e 01
-1. -8e-
-4e-010
0.4
-1
0
01 0
e-009
e- -01 -1.2
e
-8
0.6
x 10
1
-4
0.8
-9
1e-009
0
x 10
1
Mode-2
-4e
Mode-1
Page 6


ISSN 2321-6441
5. CONCLUSION
Multiquadric radial basis function is used to predict the buckling response of isotropic skew plates. Effect of span to
thickness ratio on buckling load parameter of simply supported skew plate is presented. Numerical results obtained are
in good agreement with other published results. Some new results are also obtained. It is found that effect of span to
thickness ratio becomes almost negligible after a/h=30.Buckling load parameter increases with increase in skewness. It
is also found that as skew angle decreases (skewness increases) the buckling load parameter increases and becomes
more prominent for higher skewness.
REFERANCES
[1] Reddy, A. R. K. and Palaninathan, R. (1995), Buckling of skew laminates. Thin- Walled Structures, 22, 241-259.
[2] Durvasula, S. (1971), Buckling of simply supported skew plates. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, A
SCE, 97EM3, 967-979.
[3] Kennedy, J. B. and Prabhakara, M. K. (1978), Buckling of simply-supported orthotropic skew plates. The
Aeronautical Quarterly, 29, 161-174.
[4] Mizusawa, T., Kajita, T. and Naruoka, M. (1980), Buckling of skew plate structures using B-spline functions.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 15, 87-96.
[5] Tham, L. G. and Szeto, H. Y. (1990), Buckling analysis of arbitrarily shaped plates by spline finite strip method.
Computers and Structures, 36, 729-735.
[6] Wang, C. M., Liew, K.M., Alwis, W.A.M. (1992), Buckling of skew plates and corner condition for simply
supported edges, J. Eng. Mech. 118 (4), 651-662
[7] Kitipornchai, S., Xiang, Y., Wang, C.M. and Liew, K. M. (1992), Buckling of thick skew plates. Res.Rep.Sex
Univ.Queensl. Dep. Civ, Eng., 136, l-20.
[8] Wang, S. (1997a), Buckling analysis of skew fibre-reinforced composite laminates based on first order shear
deformation plate theory, Composite Structures 37(1), 5-19
[9] Wang, S. (1997b), Buckling of thin skew fibre-reinforced composite laminates, Thin-walled Structures 28(1), 2141.
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Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2016