1.

Right atrium receives poor oxygenated blood from

the followine EXCEPT:
a. superior vena cava
b. inferior vena cava
c. coronary artery
d. coronary sinus

Ans: Visceral serous

The load that the heart needs to produce muscle
contraction
Afterload
9.

The left and right pulmonary arteries are

branches of
a. right ventricle
b. pulmonary trunk
c. left ventricle
d. aorta
10.

2. The left atrium recieves how many Pulmonary

veins:
a. 2
B.4
c.6
d.8
3.The anterior wall of the atria is made rough by the
a. pectinate muscle
b. trabeculaecarnae
c. papillary muscles
d. chordae tendinae
The AV cusps are connected by the chordae
tendinae to the anterior wall in the:
a. papillary muscle
b. pectinate muscle
c. trabeculaecarnae
d. moderator band
4.

which of the following valves do not have 3 cusps?

ans: mitral
6. Structure found between inferior vena cava orifice
and the atrioventricular orifice in the right atrium is:
a.fossaovae
b.cristaterminalis
c.sinusvenarum
d.coronary sinus
5.

7. When blood regurgitates into the left atrium the left

ventricle contracts, this condition is attributed to:
a. aortic valve insufficiency
b. mitral valve insufficiency
c. aortic valve stenosis
d. mitral valve stenosis
8. The transverse pericardial sinus is an important
landmark in cardiac surgery which is found posterior
to
a. Aorta and pulmonary trunk
b. Superior vena cava
c. Inferior vena cava
d. Pulmonary veins
9. The epicardium is closely associated to the ___ of
the hearts external surface

11. The left ventricle does more work than the right
ventricle. Which of the following statements
comparing the two ventricles is INCORRECT?
a. The wall of the LV is 2-3x thicker than the RV
b. The trabeculaecarnae of the LV is finer and more
numerous than RV
c. There are 3 papillary muscles in the LV and only 2
on RV - bicuspid ang Mitral valve
d. The LV cavity is longer than RV cavity
12. What structure is present in
atrioventricularvalves that is not associated with
semilunar valves?
a. chordae tendineae
b. nodule
c. lunule
d. aortic and pulmonary sinuses
13. moderator band transverse the right ventricular
chamber from inferior part of interventricular septum
to the base of the:
a. anterior papillary muscle
b. posterior papillary muscle
c. septal papillary muscle
d. trabeculaecarnae
14. The following structures are associated with
semilunar valves except:
a. chordae tendinae
b. lunule
c. nodule
d. aortic and pulmonary sinuses
15. The outflow tract from the right ventricle passes
through the
a. sinus venarum
b.
c.
d.

coronary sinus
crista terminalis
conusateriosus

16. When blood ejected from the left ventricle to the

systemic circulation passes through a narrowed valve

opening, a loud systolic murmur can be hear even
without a stet, caused by:
a. aortic valve insufficiency
b. mitral valve insufficiency
c. aortic valve stenosis
d. mitral valve stenosis
17. The auscultatory location for the mitral valve is
a. 5thICS Leftmidclavicular line (MCL)
b. 5th ICS left sterna border
c. 2nd ICS right sterna border
d. 2nd ICS left sterna border
18. When viewed to a topped over pyramid, the base
of the heart is described by the following correct
statements except:
a. It is the posterior part of the heart opposite the apex
b. It is formed mainly by the left atrium with part of
the right atrium
c. It receives mainly by the left atrium with part of the
right atrium
d. Is is the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
19. The inferior mediastinum is bordered anteriorly by
the body of the sternum and posteriotrly by the lower
eight thoracic vertebrare. Which of the following.
What are the contents of the inferior mediastinum
starting in the anteriormost?
a. thymus, heart, descending aorta, esophagus
b. heart, thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic
trunk
[choices c and d do not contain heart]
20.Increase in heart rate with corresponding increase
in the force of contraction best describes:
a. Bainbridge reflex
b. sinoatrial node reflex
c. starling mechanism
d. treppe or the staircase phenomenon
21.Valve of the coronary sinus
a. eustachian
b. thebesian
c. mitral
d. tricuspid
22. The anterior interventricular artery that supplies
the anterior septum is a branch of the
a.
b.
c.
d.

left coronary artery

right coronary
anterior coronary
posterior coronary

23. What is the adult equivalent of ligamentumteres

a) umbilical artery
b)umbilical vein
c)fossa ovalis
d) sinus venosus
24. FF. carries pure oxygenated blood in the fetal
circulation
a. aorta
b. pulmonary artery
c. umbilical artery
d. umbilical vein
25. First heart sound is produced by the
a. tricuspid valve
b. atrioventricular valve
c. mitral valve
d. nota
26. The oval ridge found in fossa ovalis? Ans.
Annulus ovalis
27.Which is correct?
a. tricuspid valve-right lower portion of the sternum
b. mitral valve-5th intercostal space midclavicular
line
c. aortic valve- medial portion of the 2nd intercostal
space
d. pulmonic valve-medial portion of 1st intercostal
space
28. In physical examination, the apex beat of the
heart was heard in the 5th ICS along the right
midclavicular line. This is an indication of the
following conditions EXCEPT:
a. Situsinversus
b. Coarctation of aortic arc
c. Dextrocardia
d. NOTA
The inferior mediastinum is bordered anteriorly
by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the
lower eight thoracic vertebrae. Which of the
following shows the contents of the inferior
mediastinum from the anteriormost?
a. thymus, heart, descending aorta, esophagus
b. heart, thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic
trunk
c. [choices c and d do not contain the heart]
d.
29.

30. Fibrous pericardium serves to limit the

movement of the heart. It is:

a. Inferiorly, attached to the central tendon of the

diaphragm
b. superiorly, blends with outer coats of great vessels
c. anteriorly, attached to the sternum by
sternopericardial ligament
d. all of the above
31. Characteristic of pericardium.
a. Parietal percardium or epicardium line the fibrous
percardium.
b. Increase fluid in the pericardial sac modulates the
heart sound
c. distended neck vein in cardiac tamponade
d. a and c
32.Arterial supply of the heart include
a. right coronary artery which arises from the
posterior aortic sinus
b. the marginal branch which supplies the right ventricle
c. left coronary artery which comes from the left posterior
pulmonic sulcus
d. the generous anastomoses between the terminal
branches which ensures the adequacy of blood supply.

33. Which does not drain into the right atrium?

a. Tricuspid valve
b. Coronary sinus
c. Superior vena cava
d. None of the above
34. Shallow depression on the atrial septum that
correspond to a fetal cardiac orifice
a. Crista terminalis
b. Fossa ovalis
c. Musculipectinati
d. Sulcus terminalis
35. During systole, which of the ff maintain the
competence of the atrioventricularvalve
a. Moderator band
b. infundibulum
c. trabeculaecarnae
d. nota
36. Muscular connection between the myocardium of
the atria and the myocardium of the ventricle
a.
b.
c.
d.

atrioventricular bundle
papillary muscles
purkinje fibers
chordae tendiane

37. Myocardial ischemic pain

a.
b.

due to accumulation of metabolites which

stimulates the sensory nerve endings in the
myocardium
never felt in the heart

c.

d.

may manifest in the skin supplied by the first

intercostal nerve
aota

38. which of the following is not a branch of the

aorta? answer : right common carotid
39. Not true regarding the branches of the pulmonary
trunk
a.the right pulmonary artery runs to the behind the
ascending aorta and superior vena cava
b.the left pulmonary artery run to the left in front of
the descending aorta
c. ligamentumarteriosum conducts blood from the
pulmonary trunk to the aorta
d.nota

40. The heart is a muscular organ composed of

a. thick layer of myocardium
b. cardiac skeleton which maintains its shape and
form
c. an internal layer of epicardium
d. covered externally bu the serous endocardium

41. Normal cardiac reserve of an adult - 300-400%

42. Normal Cardiac Output of 70kg adult
a. .5L/min
b. 1L/min
c. 3L/min
d. 5L/min
43. Shortening capacity of the muscle
a. afterload
b. chronotropy
c. inotropy
d. preload
44. Which of the ff least effect on cardiac output
a.
b.
c.
d.

contractility
heart rate
hemoglobin
preload

45.Which of the following has least effect on venous

return?
a. atrial pressure
b. heart rate
c. mean systemic filling pressure
d. resistance to venous return
46. Increased frequency of contraction results in
elevation in contractile force. Which law:
a. Bainbridge reflex
b. bowditch effect
c. Frank-starling law
d. sinoatrial node stretch

47. Not true of Frank-Starling

a.
b.
c.
d.

heart doesnt allow excessive damming of blood

in veins
the heart has the intrinsic ability to adapt to
changes in blood volume
the heart has the ability to pump all blood that
comes to it
the shorter the muscle stretch, the greater the
volume is pumped into the aorta

48. Sino-atrial node reflex

a. decrease in contractitlity
b. decrease in frequency of contraction
c. increase in heart rate
d. increase salt retention
49.What is the pressure that pushes blood on the veins
from the periphery?
a. resistance to venous return
b. systemic filling pressure
c. systemic vascular resistance
d. venous capacitance
50. which of the ff is true regarding venous return
a. increase in resistance results in increase venous
return
b. increase in systemic filling pressure results in
decreased venous return
c. progressive increase in right atrial pressure results
in commensurate increase in venous return
d. when right atrial pressure equals means systemic
filling pressure, there will be zero flow
which of the following decreases heart rate?
a. acidosis
b. hypercarbia
c. hypoxia
d. hypothermia
51.

52. which of the following does not cause high

cardiac output heart failure?
a. anemia
b. beriberi
c. hyperthyroidism
d. myocardial anoxia
53. Does not ensue w/ right ventricular failure
a. ascites
b. bipedal edema
c. facial edema
d. pulmonary edema
54.neurotransmitter

a. acetylcholine

---> sympathetic

b. adrenaline
c.
d. norepinephrine
55. Reflex that has the capacity to reset the normal
value of pressure in 1 to 2 days
a. baroreceptor reflex
b. central nervous system ischemic response
c. chemoreceptor reflex
d. sino-atrial node reflex
56.Oxidative phosphorylation:
a. Occurs in the mitochondria (dbasa cytosol xa)
b. Used by 50% of adult myocardial energy
requirement
c. Used by healthy, hypoxic adult hearts for energy
d. Can either use carbohydrates or fatty acids as
metabolic substrates
57. Oxidative phosphorylation
a. can use either carbs or fatty acids
b. provides 50% of adult myocardial energy
c. used by healthy, hypoxic adult
d. primarily in the mitochoncrial membrane
58. would cause a decrease in oxygen consumption
by the heart compared with the normal resting state
a. stimulation of sympha nerves
b. increase in end diastolic pressure
c. reduction in afterload
d. electrical pacing to a rate of 200 beats/min
59. what affects coronary perfusion pressure?
a. heart rate
b.preload
c.blood pressure
d.all of the above
60. Ff can cause increase coronary blood flow
a. nitric oxide
b. hypoxia
c. atherosclerosis
d. a and b are correct
61. In the cardiac cycle:
a. the mitral and aortic valve never open at the same
time
b. the second heart sound can be heard after the end
of diastole
c. the mitral valve is always open during systole
d. All of the above.
62.True of the apical heart sound:

Answer: It is displaced downward during left

ventricular hypertrophy
63. first heart sound:
a. signifies onset of ventricular systole
b. best heard on the apex and RLSB
c. increases intensity on first degree AV block
d. all of the above
64. Split S2 sound is:
Answer: Change in pressure in pulmonary and
systemic beds (amonaang theme ngsagot) :-)
Suliangisana choice coz it is not appreciated during
exhalation (other choice na).
and letter D - as usual none of the above which is
wrong japun
65. The thirdheart sound is:
a. present in cardiomyopathy
b. occur in late diastolic phase
c. decrease by exercise
d. all of the above

d. results from acute myocardial ischemia

71. lymphatic vessels converge to form lymphatic
ducts
a. lymphatic capillaries
b. small caliber lymph vessels
c. medium sized lymp vessels
d. larger lymphatic vessels
72. Lymphatics are found in all EXCEPT:
a. bone
b. central nervous system
c. placenta
d. all of the above
73. Encapsulated aggregation of lymphoid tissue
responsible for antibody production
a. lymphatic ducts
b. lymph nodes
c. spleen
d. thymus

66. Increase in contractility

a. increase the rate of isovolumetric pressure
b. shorter duration of systole
c. decrease end systolic volume
d. aota

74. only cellular element in lymph

a. lymphocyte
b. monocyte
c. neutrophil
d. platelet

67. Which change happens during squatting?

a. increased intensity of murmur in mitral
regurgitation
b. increased intensity of innocent vibratory murmur
c. increased intensity of murmur in aortic
regurgitation
d. increased intensity of pulmonic vibratory murmur

75. Which of the following are contained blood

vessels
a. Blood
b. Lymph
c. Both
d. None of the above

68. Increase the oxygen to the myocardium

a. sympa stimulation of alpha receptor
b. sympa stimulation of beta receptor
c. parasympa stimulation of alpha receptor
d. parasympa stimulation of beta receptor
69.Effects of ischemia on myocardium
a. Increase in myocardial complience
b. Impaired relaxation
c. Hypokinesia
d. No exception
70. Myocardial stunning
a. results in increased myocardial afterload
b. result in impaired contractile function even after
return circulation
c. results in structural abnormality in the myocytes

76.Component not found in lymphatic vessels: -> red

blood cells
77.Maintain colloid osmotic pressure of blood
vascular system
a. electrolytes
b. lipids
c. plasma proteins
d. water
78. The flow of lymph will be increased by
a. an increase in lymphatic pressure
b. a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure by blood
plasma proteins
c. an increasemin blood capillary permeability
d. All are correct
79. principal function of the lymphatic system

a. formation of the brain plasma barrier

b. formation of von willibrand factor
c. returning blood fluid and plasma protein escaping
from the circulatory system
d. releasing vasoconstrictor component to the
endothelium
80.The difference between lymph capillaries and
blood capillaries
a. Thickened endoplasmic lining in the intima
b. More cellular components
c. Maintaining colloid pressure
d. No basal lamina
81.characteristic of small and medium sized
lymphatic vessels
a. presence of valves
b. presence of adventitia
c. thick endothelium
d. thick intima media
82. right lymphatic duct opens in to this structure
a. right brachiocephalic vein
b. right subclavian artery
c. IVC
d. SVC
83. Thoracic duct arises from the
a.
b.
c.
d.

abdomen
left jugular vein
left subclavian
left brachiocephalic

84. Small blood vessels in the adventitia of the

thoracic duct corresponds to this in large blood
vessels
a. coronary arteries
b. capillaries
c. venules

d.

vasa vasorum

85...all of the following refer to tunica intima except

a. endothelium
b. thin layers of elastic fibers
c. thick smooth muscle
d. thin collagen layer