CONTROL A WIND TURBINE

Gissel Hernandez

Jorge Quilumbango

Faculty of Engineering
In Applied Sciences
Northerm Technical University
Ecuador, Ibarra

Faculty of Engineering
In Applied Sciences
Telephone: 0990476738

AbstractThe system is modeled as a flexible structure operating in the past of perturbations of turbulent wind turbine.
Currently to PID about pitch angle control is done but because
of the great need for energy is to optimize the speed and power
making a robust system for this control structure is analyzed
considering the multivariate nature of the system and using a
multiple structures to deal nonlinearity in system will analyse a
method to predict the speed depending on the wind turbine since
this is the primary factor to vary the increase or decrease of the
speed in the plant with a new method through a neural network
and controlling the speed of the rotor in turn work with the step
angle to control the turbine

The wind strikes the rotor to rotate and that low speed
shafts transmit energy to the gearbox so increase speed to
rotate so high speed shaft and this last twist to the generator
producing electricity as there is greater wind power also will
grow the electrical power in the event that electrical power
reaches its value maximum there is a system of regulation and
control that controls the speed which rotor this tour is for the
power does not exceed the limits and system and generator
to not overheat the power can not exceed 110 percent of the
maximum power for periods of 10 minutes.
Control pitch angle of wind turbine generator

I. I NTRODUCTION
A wind generator is one that captures the kinetic energy
and one of the components of this plant makes it electric
power is the turbine to that consideration. Wind turbine
works in such a way that to have contact points of the wind
rotor and the electric these coincide making in this way that
optimizes the process at the time that there is greater wind
force You can predict a wind turbine depending on the wind
speed
A wind turbine has:

Fig. 2. FIG.2 PITCH CONTROL

Fig. 1. FIG.1 OPERATION OF A WIND TURBINE

A method to handle this is through the angle of step of the

wind turbine when the maximum is reached, the controller
transmits the command to make the blades rotate slightly
and avoid the wind also when the power has fallen back to
the anterior angle so once again optimizes the speed with the
force of the wind.

A. ROTOR
The rotor is another main element since it is that transforms
kinetic energy into mechanical energy thanks to the blades or
blade which capture the strength of the wind pattern for the

Fig. 3. FIG.3 PITCH CONTROL

techniques giving greater speed to the rotor.

For an optimizing process was compared between 2-speed
reference one will be the minimum speed allowed and another
reached maximum speed these speeds will be detected by
sensors issued a reference to the MPPT (Maximum power
point tracking), the response time will be varied according to
the turbulence that affects this system depends on the good
or bad performance of the system.

Fig. 4. FIG.4 COMPARING OF SPEEDS

speed of the rotor is:

W is the speed of the rotor

J is the rotational inertia of the turbine
Taero is the aerodynamic torque
Tload is the electric charge
Rotor model is defined by power aerodynamics obtained
from the kinetic energy of the wind and is given by the
following equation

In addition to the coefficient of power produced is analyzed

Cp depends on passage of the blade angle, , and the of tip
speed ratio, .

Fig. 5. FIG.5 COMPARING OF POWER COEFFICIENT

When making predictions in reality it is difficult to

accurately measure the wind that is measured by an
anemometer installed in the wind turbine. In addition to
controlling the pitch angle there turbulence
To control the angle has applied the following PID
II. FORECAST
The wind rotor is responsible for driving speed optima to
a particular rotor although the wind speed has a variation on
an ongoing basis, the speed cannot be changed instantly in
case this happens there would be a failure in the system. To
avoid these shortcomings is studied the wind speed prediction

Data prediction times are taken from a series of existing

data and the predicted values in the future. Linear statistical
models used to predict the time and at the same time is
studying the possibility of using neural networks, neural
networks can be static and dynamic. Static is an Open Loop,
has no delays and expected output directly input instead

Dynamics output depends on input. Dynamic neural networks

are more appropriate to predict future data.
Neural networks resemble the human brain in two aspects:
- It acquires knowledge of their environment through a
process of learning
- The interconnections between neurons, is used to store the
knowledge acquired
NARMA neural network model is used for this (Nonlinear
Autoregressive Moving Average) that identifies the
performance between the rotor and the actuator

III. STATE OF THE ART

Turbines as the time has passed have become a very
important energy source wind power is a renewable energy
initially used for navigation maritime, then widely used in
remote fields thats why we study different methods, models
to improve, it seeks to optimize this process by performing a
system for wind turbine.
In 1998 a model was made with a generator self-excited for
applications with isolated features and two feedback to keep
the stator voltage and frequency.
In 2003 a PID was held by changing the angle of step to
compensate for the losses of wind
In 2007 appears the method of prediction of the speed
through the wind which analysed it is until today since there
are many parameters that are still unfinished as:
-Development of prediction model that incorporates other
input variables such as the density of the air, temperature,
pressure, etc.
-Study how the model behaves when there are climatic events
such as rain.
-With this you can make corrections to the expected value of
the speed of the wind.
For this is studied from the mechanical structure up to the
power that is testing new designs to improve the shortcomings
and make a more robust and reliable system.

IV. CONCLUSION
Currently, the State in which the planet is is a critical
condition for global warming so it is looking for new ways to
get environmentally friendly energy sources and is best even
if this source is renewable by that wind power is considered
a potential source of electricity because only take advantage
of the wind without causing damage to the environment.
This article presented one of the most widely used models
to fully exploit this energy source as the turbine control is
through neural networks and at the same time the step angle
control.
It has been progress and the consequences that may result if
the turbine is used poorly or where not made a proper control
helping that this system is robust and has the lowest possible
turbulence have stability constantly generating energy or

predicting according to wind seasons of underachievement.

R EFERENCES
[1] H. Takaai, Y. Chida, K. Sakurai, T. Isobe. (2009).Pitch Angle Control
of Wind Turbine Generator using Less Conservative Robust Control.
[2] Syed Misbahuddin, Syed Masud Mahmud, and Nizar Al-Holou Development and Performance Analysis of a Data-Reduction Algorithm for
Automotive Multiplexing
[3] L. PAO, E. JOHNSON (2009). Control of Wind Turbines APPROACHES, CHALLENGES, AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
[4] M. Narayana, G. Putrus, M. Jovanovic, P. Leung. Predictive Control of
Wind Turbines by Considering Wind Speed Forecasting Techniques