Bits and pieces

void setup() {
// Set up the serial port
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
Serial.write(analogRead(0)/4);
delay(200);
}
void setup() {
// Set up the serial port
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
Serial.write(analogRead(0)/4);
delay(200);
}
Talk Talk

?
Bits on the wire
 Zahlsysteme
● Additionssystem
● Römische Zahlen
● 42 = XLII

● Stellenwertsystem
● b-adisches Zahlsystem (b = Anzahl Zahlsymbole)
● Dezimalsystem (b = 10, 0..9)
●
42 = 4*101 + 2*100
 Potenzen
●
X0 = 1
1
●
X = X
2
●
X = X*X
●
X3 = X*X*X
● ...
 Zahlsysteme
● Additionssystem
● Römische Zahlen
● 42 = XLII

● Stellenwertsystem
● b-adisches Zahlsystem (b = Anzahl Zahlsymbole)
● Dezimalsystem (b = 10, 0..9)
●
42 = 4*101 + 2*100
Bits on the wire
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0
 Digitale Zahlen
● Digital
● Digitus – Finger
● Duales Zahlensystem (Leibnitz)
● binäres Zahlensysten (b = 2, 0..1)

● Eine Stelle = ein Bit

0 oder 1, wahr oder falsch, an oder aus
● 8 Bit = 1 Byte
0000 0000
Bits on the wire
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 + 64 + 32 +16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
0 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 +2 +0
 Bits und Bytes
● 1 Bit
● on / off, true / false, 1 / 0

● Byte = 8 Bit
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
0 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 42
Bits on the wire
ASCII (7-Bit)
 Zeichen
● abcABC
● äüéûÄïõǼ
● ΑΒΓΔ
● ‫شعڂשצ‬
 ISO 8859-x (8 Bit)
1 Western Europe 8 Hebrew
2 Western and 9 Western Europe with
Central Europe amended Turkish character set
3 Western Europe and 10 Western Europe with rationalised
South European character set for Nordic languages
4 Western Europe and 11 Thai
Baltic countries
13 Baltic languages plus Polish
5 Cyrillic alphabet
14 Celtic languages
6 Arabic
15 Added the Euro sign to ISO 8859-1
7 Greek
16 Central European languages
 Windows encodings
● Windows-1250 Central European (Latin script)
● Windows-1251 Cyrillic alphabets
● Windows-1252 Western languages
● Windows-1253 Greek
● Windows-1254 Turkish
● Windows-1255 Hebrew
● Windows-1256 Arabic
● Windows-1257 Baltic languages
● Windows-1258 Vietnamese
 MacRoman
● Mac OS bis 9.x
● 8-Bit encoding
● 0..127 ASCII
● 128..255 Umlaute etc.
 Andere Encodings
● Russisch
KOI8-R, KOI8-U, KOI7
● Japanisch
JIS X 0208 (Shift_JIS, EUC-JP, ISO-2022-JP)
● Chinese Guobiao
GB 2312, GBK, GB 18030
● Korean
KS X 1001, EUC-KR, ISO-2022-KR
● usw...
One (ring) to bind them all...
 Unicode / UCS
● Vereinigt alle Schriftkulturen und Zeichensysteme

● Zeichen (codepoint)
● U+"Hex Darstellung" (z.B. U+00DF für ß)

● 17 Bereiche (Planes) á 65.536 Zeichen (16-Bit)

● Unicode 5.1 definiert 100.713 Codepoints

 Unicode Kodierung
● Codepoint bis 4 Byte (derzeit)

● Kodierung in UTF
Unicode Transformation Format

● UTF-7, UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32, UTF-EBCDIC

Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)