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This Excel workbook includes Visual Basic for Application function subroutines.
Macros must be enabled for them to work.
The following Text Boxes contain the syntax for the functions.
Copy them to the worksheet where you want to use the functions for ready reference.
Function Subroutines in SI Units
Function NReSI(W, mu, d, Optional ro, Optional Tin, Optional Mw, Optional p)
' W = Flowrate in kg/h
' mu = Viscosity in mPa-s
' d = PipeID in mm
' ro = density in kg/m3 (required for liquid)
' Tin = temperature, deg C (required for gas) - default 20 deg C
' Mw = molecular weight (required for gas) - default 29
' p = pressure, kPa (required for gas) - default 1000 kPa
, Optional Isothermal)
calc
Problem Statement:
Calculate pressure drop per 100 m or 100 ft using the
shortcut formula
SI Units
US Units
Inputs
Flow Rate
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Density
kg/h
mPa-s
mm
kg/m3
Delta P
Bar/100 m
10,000.0
1.2
38.1
961.5
lb/h
cP
in
lb/ft3
22,000.0
1.2
1.5
60.0
Output
1.83
psi/100 ft
8.09
Problem Statement:
Calculate Reynolds Number using VBA function call.
Inputs
Parameter
Mass Flow Rate
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Density
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Pressure
Units
kg/h
mPa-s
mm
kg/m3
C
kg/kgmol
kPa, absolute
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
Liquid
Gas
Example 1
Example 2
10,000.0
1,200.0
1.2
0.011
38.1
26.6
961.0
40.0
16.04
2,200.0
Output
=NReSI(D8,D9,D10,D11)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
=NReSI(E8,E9,E10,,E12,E13,E14)
13,E14)
US Customary Units
Units
lb/h
cP
in
lb/ft3
F
lb/lbmol
psia
Liquid
Gas
Example 1a
Example 2a
22,000.0
2,645.0
1.2
0.011
1.5
1.047
60.0
104.0
16.04
319.0
#VALUE!
=NReUS(I8,I9,I10,I11)
#VALUE!
=NReUS(J8,J9,J10,,J12,J13,J14)
Problem Statement:
Calculate Darcy Friction Factor using VBA function call.
Inputs
Liquid
Example 3
290.0
1.2
38.1
961.0
Parameter
Mass Flow Rate
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Density
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Pressure
Units
kg/h
mPa-s
mm
kg/m3
C
kg/kgmol
kPa, absolute
Pipe Roughness
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
0.0000457
Output
=FrictionSI(D16,D19,D10)
US Customary Units
Units
lb/h
cP
in
lb/ft3
F
lb/lbmol
psia
Liquid
Example 3a
22,000.0
1.2
1.5
60.0
ft
0.00015
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
=FrictionUS(I16,I19,I10)
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop due to Friction
Inputs
Parameter
Mass Flow Rate
Pressure in (upsteam)
Units
kg/h
kPa, absolute
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Equivalent Length of Pipe
Density
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Cp/Cv
mPa-s
mm
m
kg/m3
C
kg/kgmol
Pipe Roughness
Reynolds Number
Darcy Friction Factor
Liquid
Gas
Example 4
Example 5
10,000.0
1,200.0
700.0
2,200.0
1.2
38.1
40.0
961.0
0.011
26.6
60.0
40.0
16.04
1.35
0.0000457
0.0000457
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Output
=PDSI(D8,D9,,D12,D13,D24,D14)
=PDSI(E8,E9,,E12,E13,E24,,E15,E16,E17)
US Customary Units
Units
lb/h
psia
Liquid
Gas
Example 4a
Example 5a
22,000.0
3,080.0
101.5
319.0
cP
in
ft
lb/ft3
F
lb/lbmol
1.2
1.5
131.0
60.0
0.011
1.047
197.0
104.0
16.04
1.35
ft
0.00015
0.00015
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
=PDUS(I8,I9,,I12,I13,I24,I14)
=PDUS(J8,J9,,J12,J13,J24,,J15,J16,J17)
Problem Statement:
Calculate Flow Rate given upstream and downstream pressures
Inputs
Gas
Parameter
GUESS Mass Flow Rate
Pressure in (upsteam)
Pressure out (downstream)
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Equivalent Length of Pipe
Units
kg/h
kPa, absolute
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Cp/Cv
C
kg/kgmol
Pipe Roughness
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
mPa-s
mm
m
Example 5
1200
2200
1340
0.011
26.6
60
40
16.04
1.35
0.0000457
Output
#VALUE!
=PDSI( ,E9,E10,E12,E13,E24,E14,E15,E16,E17)
Difference between GUESS and calculated rate, E8-E26
#VALUE!
US Customary Units
Units
lb/h
psia
psia
cP
in
ft
F
lb/lbmol
ft
Gas
Example 5a
3,080.4
319.0
116
0.011
1.047
197.0
104.0
16.04
1.35
0.00015
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
=PDUS( ,L9,L10,L12,L13,L24,,L15,L16,L17)
#VALUE!
Problem Statement:
Compare pressure drop calculations using equivalent length and K-value methods for fittings.
Inputs
Parameter
Mass Flow Rate
Pressure in (upsteam)
Units
kg/h
kPa, absolute
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Length of Pipe
Density
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Cp/Cv
mPa-s
mm
m
kg/m3
C
kg/kgmol
Pipe Roughness
Fittings
Liquid
Gas
Example 4
Example 5
10,000.0
1,200.0
700.0
2,200.0
12.0
50.0
38.1
961.0
0.011
26.6
60.0
13.6
40.0
16.04
1.35
0.0000457
0.0000457
Quantity
6
2
2
1
Output
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
14.80
7.87
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Mass flux
Velocity
kg/m2-s
m/s
1,414.71
1.47
599.83
44.25
kg/m2
kPa
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
for fittings.
Eq L
(L/D)eq
20
20
18
100
Flow
50
100
500
1000
2000
10000
30000
50000
70000
Km
Ki
800
800
300
1500
Kd
0.091
0.28
0.084
0.46
4
4
3.9
4
Total L/D
120
40
36
100
296
Pressure Drop, Pa
Regime
Equiv L
Crane K
3-K
Laminar
0.060
0.043
0.051
Laminar
0.120
0.087
0.102
Laminar
0.598
0.446
0.525
Laminar
1.196
0.921
1.089
Laminar
2.392
1.960
2.331
Turbulent
41.079
35.508
38.774
Turbulent
284.129
257.934
278.315
Turbulent
716.261
663.917
715.526
Turbulent 1,328.928 1,247.301 1,344.249
3-K Method
total Kf
Ex 4
Ex 5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
US Customary UnitLiquid
Units
Example 4a
lb/h
63,000.0
psia
101.5
cP
in
ft
lb/ft3
F
lb/lbmol
10.0
3.1
31.5
112.5
127.0
3 nominal size
Crane
ft
0.019213
0.019213
0.019213
0.019213
Crane K
ft
0.00015
2.31
0.77
0.69
1.92
5.69
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Delta P, pipe
Velocity
f, full turbulence
#VALUE!
3.03
0.017314983
Leq
90 Ell
Branch tee
Swing check
Plug valve
3 x 1 reducer
Delta P, comparison
2
1
1
1
1
Crane K 3-K
10.23 0.692599 #VALUE!
5.11
0.3463 #VALUE!
25.57 1.731498 #VALUE!
4.60
0.31167 #VALUE!
822.68
57.92
57.92
868.19
61.00 #VALUE!
Problem Statement:
Calculate Permanent Pressure Drop Through Orifice
60 m, 38.1 mm ID
Inputs
Liquid
Example 6
10,000.0
700.0
1.2
38.1
60.0
961.0
Parameter
Mass Flow Rate
Pressure in (upsteam)
Viscosity
Pipe Diameter
Equivalent Length of Pipe
Density
Temperature
Molecular Weight
Cp/Cv
Units
kg/h
kPa, absolute
mPa-s
mm
m
kg/m3
C
kg/kgmol
Pipe Roughness
Orifice Diameter
m
mm
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
Y
P2
P3
Expansion factor
Orifice discharge pressure
Permanent Loss
kPa, absolute
m/s
m/s
dimensionless
dimensionless
r
dimensionless
kPa, absolute
kPa, absolute
#VALUE!
10.1
DeltaP
P1-P3
kPa
P0
P0
0.0000457
19.1
Output
P1
V1
0.5
#VALUE!
Stolz equation,
Radius Taps
1.0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Result
K flow coefficient
Equivalent Length
dimensionless
m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
RO
60 m, 38.1 mm ID
P2
P1
P3
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop due to Friction for Water-Steam Mixture
Inputs
Units
m2
kg/h
kPa
C
mPa-s
kg/kgmol
kg/m3
Water
1,356.0
0.5
1.01
5.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Total as Liq
Vapor Props
0.000019635
95.8
101.0
97.4
0.28
0.012
18.0
998.7
0.6
1.31
Mixture
0.023
1.2
Output
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Liquid PD Multiplier
phi
phi^2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
kPA
#VALUE!
10000
1000
1.01 Bar
6.89 Bar
34.4 Bar
68.9 Bar
103 Bar
1000
1.01 Bar
6.89 Bar
34.4 Bar
68.9 Bar
103 Bar
100
138 Bar
172 Bar
207 Bar
221.2
Bar
10
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
250
200
150
G=33
9
G=13
56
100
150
G=33
9
G=13
56
100
50
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
25
20
15
Awad
10
10
0
0
0.1
0.2
Property Correlations
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
A
R12
R22
Water
6.99
7.04
8.31
B
918.17
850.10
1,986.50
C
253.38
245.18
268.74
Reference:
0.0000015 m)
IPC2004-721
Comparison Case
R12
2,000.0
0.9
6.00
50.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Total as Liq
Vapor Props
0.0019634954
14,137.2
600.0
22.0
0.20
0.013
120.9
1,325.3
29.6
1.17
Mixture
0.015
32.8
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Phi^2
Quality
0
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.2
0.3
1.01
1
46.416452917
73.332287701
111.1844284
147.18519503
193.407243
249.36525285
357.76001856
0.6 670.81472045
0.8 875.24415635
1 1078.089605
Phi^2
Quality
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
339
1
21.653425095
38.385069488
53.697372825
68.238366662
82.285448021
95.986127907
109.4292805
122.67301809
135.75760735
148.71218525
Phi^2
Quality
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
2278
1
3.2250195655
5.3366251276
7.3866032834
9.3983608959
11.384366361
13.35199619
15.305947405
17.249378952
19.184507397
21.112941761
A
(8.77)
20.79
4.34
B
5,134.3
46,143.5
6,927.32
C
693.01
(2,064.89)
(1,332.33)
(9.00)
(3.47)
(4.92)
(4,611.86)
(278.74)
(200.49)
(1,008.87)
286.66
(502.57)
t seems like the only way to get a straight line (per the reference)
or Figure 7 (Row 123) is to do the friction factor calculations
once, then recalculate phi for a range of qualities (0 to 1) without
recomputing the mixture viscosity and density for each quality.
6.89
1
8.2246286814
12.648349219
18.938059212
24.952165389
32.688893582
42.057764239
60.186021611
34.4
1
2.481189524
3.423306769
4.787807808
6.108328833
7.818775751
9.897995236
13.92653169
68.9
1
1.724209
2.1931
2.879825
3.550296
4.424186
5.491334
7.565445
103
1
1.471297363
1.779418297
2.233848908
2.68027314
3.265040944
3.982109516
5.380827356
138
1
1.341214662
1.565753054
1.898624121
2.22725028
2.659601824
3.191936121
4.23461845
172
1
1.26543664
1.44090455
1.70203456
1.96085338
2.302653
2.72512011
3.55633082
207
1
1.21338118
1.354939381
1.566278589
1.776471526
2.05503895
2.400697587
3.084285707
221.2
1
1.196944
1.327755
1.52327
1.717971
1.976355
2.297472
2.933941
Sonic Velocity
U max =
1356
1
22.971645115
42.057764239
60.186021611
77.835381378
95.199862654
112.37701881
129.42255839
146.37112572
163.24563525
180.06197041
ZRT
M
489.4987227 m/s
0.000019635 m2
1356
1.36
231.02
460.67
690.33
919.99
1,149.65
1,379.30
1,608.96
1,838.62
2,068.28
2,297.94
5424 kg/m2-s
5.43
924.06 YELLOW = > Mach 0.3
1,842.69 RED > Mach 1
2,761.33
3,679.96
4,598.59
5,517.22
6,435.85
7,354.48
8,273.11
9,191.74
Mass Flux
1
3
5.5
7
8
9.5
11.5
Density: kg/m3 = m t + b
m
(3.09)
(3.20)
(1.56)
b
1,393.40
1,279.33
1,150.42
Density: lb/ft3 = m t + b
m
(0.19)
(0.20)
(0.06)
b
86.99
79.87
64.24
Molecular
Weight
120.91
86.48
18.00
Cp/Cv
1.170
1.250
1.310
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop due to Friction for R12 at Saturation
Inputs
Units
m2
kg/h
kPa
C
mPa-s
kg/kgmol
kg/m3
Liquid
7.85398E-005
14.1
940.0
39.2
0.17
120.9
1,272.5
Vapor
14.1
940.0
39.16
0.014
120.9
43.8
1.17
1.18
158.70
m/s
m/s
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
R12
100.0
0.5
9.40
10.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
0.13
0.34
kPa
= Pa
0.23
231.83
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
10
100
m as s flux (k g/m 2-s )
1000
100
10
1
10
100
m as s flux (k g/m 2-s )
1000
Reference: IMECE2005-81493
Comparison Case
R12
2,000.0
0.9
6.00
50.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Liquid
0.0019634954
1,413.7
600.0
22.0
0.20
120.9
1,325.3
Vapor
12,723.5
600.0
22.05
0.013
120.9
29.6
1.31
61.05
163.26
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
7.67
12.94
10.30
Quality
Mass Flux
20
80
200
400
600
1000
Sonic
158.7016
0.5
Lower
8
86
425
1,431
2,909
7,112
Average
14
157
780
2,623
5,333
13,037
Upper
20
228
1,134
3,815
7,756
18,962
Density
Velocity, m/s
84.6277 0.236329
0.945317
2.363292
4.726585
7.089877
11.81646
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop due to Friction for R12 at Saturation
Inputs
Units
m2
kg/h
kPa
C
mPa-s
kg/kgmol
kg/m3
R12
100.0
0.5
9.40
10.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Liquid
7.85398E-005
14.1
940.0
39.2
0.17
120.9
1,272.5
Vapor
14.1
940.0
39.16
0.014
120.9
43.8
1.17
Output
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dp/dz
Pa/m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Fitting parameter
kPa/m
0.8
#VALUE!
Reference: IMECE2004-61410
Comparison Case
R12
2,000.0
0.9
6.00
50.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Liquid
0.0019634954
1,413.7
600.0
22.0
0.20
120.9
1,325.3
kPa/m
Vapor
12,723.5
600.0
22.05
0.013
120.9
29.6
1.31
water
Reference article, Figure 1
Water-Air
591.0
0.035
1.30
27.0
1.0
0.0000015
Liquid
0.00057256
1,197.6
130.0
20.0
0.39
18.0
1,119.3
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.25
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Vapor
20.6
130.0
20.00
0.020
29.0
1.55
1.40
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
This method depends on fitting parameter, p
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop due to Friction for Water-Steam Mixture
Inputs
Units
m2
kg/h
kPa
C
mPa-s
kg/kgmol
kg/m3
water
110.6
0.1
14.83
38.1
30.5
0.0000457
Liquid
0.0011400918
392.7
1,482.8
197.7
0.17
18.0
842.4
Vapor
61.3
1,482.8
197.70
0.014
18.0
6.8
1.40
Output
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
kPa
psi/100 ft
#VALUE!
#VALUE! Branan: 0.49 psi/100 ft
Rukan: 0.28 psi/100 ft
a per m
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Quality
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Quality
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Quality
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Comparison Case
R12
2,000.0
0.9
6.00
50.0
1.0
0.0000015
Liquid
0.0019634954
1,413.7
600.0
22.0
0.20
120.9
1,325.3
Wallis
Vapor
12,723.5
600.0
22.05
0.013
120.9
29.6
1.31
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Phi^2, lo
Phi, lo
20.893051
4.5708917
#VALUE!
se Models
50 mm smooth pipe
Homogeneou
se Models
50 mm smooth pipe
Homogeneou
s
Split
Asymptotic
Lockhart
0.8
0.9
e Models
50 mm smooth pipe
Homogeneou
s
Split
Asymptotic
Lockhart
0.8
0.9
100
100
100
100
10
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
2.391
2.722
3.052
3.383
0.159
0.795
1.590
3.179
4.769
6.359
7.948
9.538
11.128
12.717
15.897
0.755
4.062
7.370
10.678
13.986
17.294
20.601
23.909
27.217
30.525
33.833
1.509
8.125
14.740
21.356
27.972
34.587
41.203
47.818
54.434
61.050
67.665
3.773
20.312
36.851
53.390
69.929
86.468
103.007
119.546
136.085
152.624
169.163
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.003
0.051
0.176
0.613
1.285
2.184
3.304
4.641
6.194
7.961
12.133
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
0
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
13
14
2
11
19
28
36
44
52
60
68
76
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.005
0.084
0.284
0.954
1.940
3.209
4.742
6.524
8.545
10.794
15.951
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
0
2
4
5
6
8
9
10
10
10
2
11
18
25
32
38
43
48
51
51
0.8
0.9
Asymp
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
Lockhart
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Fluid
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.007
0.076
0.272
0.940
1.945
3.273
4.913
6.859
9.105
11.648
17.613
0.011
0.124
0.443
1.527
3.157
5.311
7.969
11.123
14.762
18.882
28.542
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15
16
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
24
24
14
24
35
46
58
69
79
88
94
25
41
58
76
93
111
126
138
141
R12
R12
R12
R12
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R22
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
R12
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
9.10
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
0.0000015
pe Roughness
Hashizume's Data
90
0.1
120
0.23
185
0.4
250
1
Comp
R12, 6 Bar pressu
7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Comp
R22, 9.1 Bar pre
100.000
per m
10.000
10.000
1.000
0.100
0.010
0.001
10
Mass F
0.4
0.5
Quality
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Lo
A
S
H
H
100
Mass Flux, kg/m2-s
1000
pipe
Lockhart
Asymptotic
Split
Homogeneou
s
ube
Lockhart
Asymptotic
Split
Homogeneou
s
1000
Lockhart
Asymptotic
Split
Homogenous
Hashizume's Data
Problem Statement:
Calculate Pressure Drop Through an Elbow for Different Steam Qualities
Inputs
Units
m2
kg/h
kPa
C
mPa-s
kg/kgmol
kg/m3
Water
1,356.0
0.1
6.00
50.0
1.0
0.0000015 (Smooth Tube = 0.0000015 m)
Total as Liq
Vapor Props
0.0019634954
9,585.0
600.0
158.3
0.21
0.013
18.0
903.7
3.0
Mixture
0.084
29.2
Output
Reynolds Number
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
dimensionless
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Liquid PD Multiplier
phi
phi^2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
kPA
#VALUE!
Sonic Velocity
U max =
Quality
0
0.01
ZRT
M
475.6
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
129.41
90.60
69.69
56.63
47.69
41.19
36.24
32.36
29.23
26.65
24.49
22.65
21.07
19.70
18.49
17.43
16.48
15.62
14.86
14.16
13.53
12.95
12.41
11.92
11.47
11.05
10.66
10.30
9.96
9.64
9.34
9.06
Property Correlations
A
R12
R22
Water
6.99
7.04
8.31
B
918.17
850.10
1,986.50
C
253.38
245.18
268.74
0.0000015 m)
Km
800
m/s
m2
Ki
0.091
Kd
4
#VALUE! elbow
#VALUE! kPa
#VALUE!
10.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
-0.1
-2.77555756156289E-017
0.1
0.2
A
(8.77)
20.79
4.34
B
5,134.3
46,143.5
6,927.32
C
693.01
(2,064.89)
(1,332.33)
(9.00)
(3.47)
(4.92)
(4,611.86)
(278.74)
(200.49)
(1,008.87)
286.66
(502.57)
0.2
0.3
Density: kg/m3 = m t + b
m
(3.09)
(3.20)
(1.56)
b
1,393.40
1,279.33
1,150.42
Density: lb/ft3 = m t + b
m
(0.19)
(0.20)
(0.06)
b
86.99
79.87
64.24
Molecular
Weight
120.91
86.48
18.00
Cp/Cv
1.170
1.250
Problem Statement:
Compare the Panhandle and Weymouth formulas with the Isothermal gas calculation
Inputs
SI Units
Gas molecular weight
Temperature
C
Pipe diameter
mm
Pipe length
km
Inlet pressure
kPa abs
Outlet pressure
kPa abs
Elevation difference
m
Efficiency
Average compressibility factor
Value
US Units
17.4
37.8
102
32.2
13,700
10,300
30.5
1
1
F
in
miles
psia
psia
ft
Value
17.4
100
4.026
20
2,000
1,500
100
1
1
Constants
Base temperature
Base pressure
Pipe roughness
Calculations
Isothermal Gas Calculation
Reynolds Number
Friction factor
Flow Rate
Standard volumetric rate
C
kPa abs
m
kg/h
MM m3/day
Intermediate Calcs
Gas specific gravity
Average temperature
Average pressure
Head correction
K
kPa abs
kPa
Weymouth
Standard volumetric rate
MM m3/day
Panhandle A
Standard volumetric rate
MM m3/day
Panhandle B
Standard volumetric rate
MM m3/day
100
0.0000457
200,000
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.60
311
12,080
49
F
psia
ft
60
14.7
0.00015
lb/h
MM ft3/day
200,000
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
R
psia
psi
0.60
560
1,762
7
MM ft3/day
10,151
402
MM ft3/day
15,110
428
MM ft3/day
16,034