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Otras ecuaciones
Ejercicios Resueltos
1
8
+3=
x1
x
x + 3x(x 1) = 8(x 1)
x = 4/3 x = 2.
Comprobaci
on:
1
+3=3+3=6
4/3 1
= x = 4/3 es solucion
x = 4/3:
1
+3=1+3=4
21
= x = 2 es solucion
x = 2:
8
=6
4/3
8
=4
2
Luego, S = {4/3, 2}
(b)
1
x+1
=
2x 1
5
5 = (2x 1)(x + 1)
x = 3/2 x = 2.
Comprobaci
on:
x = 3/2:
x = 2:
1
1
=
y
2(3/2) 1 2
= x = 3/2 es solucion
1
1
=
y
2(2) 1
5
= x = 2 es solucion
Luego, S = {3/2, 2}
(3/2) + 1 1
=
5
2
(2) + 1
1
=
5
5
2. Resolver la ecuacion:
Contenidos
1
2
1
=
x2 x 3
Soluci
on:
1
2
1
x 2(x 2) 1
=
=
=
x2 x 3
(x 2)x
3
=
1
4x
=
(x 2)x 3
multiplicar por 3x(x 2)
= 12 3x = x2 2x
resolviendo esta ecuacion se obtiene
= x = 4 x = 3
Comprobando en la ecuacion original, resulta que ambas son soluciones. Luego, S = {4, 3}
(c)
x2 + 2x
7
1
+
=
x2
4 2x 2
= x(x 3) = 0
= x = 0 x = 3
Comprobaci
on:
x = 0:
x = 3:
Por lo tanto:
Inst. de Matematica y Fsica
0
= 0 = x = 0 es solucion
02
3
= 3 = x = 3 es solucion
32
S = {0, 3}
Universidad de Talca
(b)
x2
=x
x
Contenidos
= x2 = x 2
= x2 x + 2 = 0
S=
x2 + 2x
7
1
x2 + 2x
7
1
(c)
+
=
=
=
x2
4 2x 2
x2
2(x 2) 2
2x2 + 4x 7 1
=
=
2(x 2)
2
= 2x2 + 4x 7 = x 2
= 2x2 + 3x 5 = 0
= x = 1 x = 5/2
x = 1:
x = 5/2:
Comprobaci
on:
2
1 +2
7
3
7 1
+
=
+ = = x = 1 es solucion
12
4 2 1 2 2
( 25 )2 + 2( 52 )
7
1
+
= x = 52 es solucion
5
5 =
2
2 2
4 2( 2 )
Universidad de Talca
4. Resolver la ecuacion:
Contenidos
3x + 4 3x 5
12
= 2
x+2
x4
x 2x 8
Soluci
on:
3x + 4 3x 5
12
3x + 4 3x 5
12
= 2
=
=
x+2
x4
x 2x 8
x+2
x4
(x + 2)(x 4)
multiplicar por (x + 2)(x 4)
= (3x + 4)(x 4) (3x 5)(x + 2) = 12
resolviendo esta ecuacion se obtiene
= x = 2
Comprobaci
on:
x = 2:
3x(2) + 4 3(2) 5
no esta definida
2 + 2
(2) 4
Luego,
S=
3
1
1
a
=4
sustituyendo x = 2
1
2a
3
=4
2a
1
a(2 a) 1
Universidad de Talca
Contenidos
3(2a a2 1)
=4
2a a2 1 (2 a)
3(2a a2 1)
=4
3a a2 3
a2 6a + 9 = 0
a=3
(a) 3x + 1 = 4
Soluci
on:
(a)
3x + 1 = 4
3x + 1 = 16
x=5
(b)
7 + 2x = 2x + 1
Comprobaci
on:
x = 5:
3 5 + 1 = 16 = 4 = x = 5 es solucion
Por lo tanto:
S = {5}
(b)
7 + 2x = 2x + 1
7 + 2x = (2x + 1)2
4x2 + 2x 6 = 0
x = 3/2 x = 1
elevar al cuadrado
resolver la ecuacion cuadratica
Universidad de Talca
Contenidos
Comprobaci
on: p
x = 3/2:
7 + 2(3/2) = 4 = 2
2(3/2) + 1 = 2 = x = 3/2 no es solucion
7 + 2(1) = 9 = 3
2(1) + 1 = 3 = x = 1 es solucion
x = 1:
Por lo tanto:
S = {1}
(b) (x 2)2 = 3
(a) x 2 = x 2
(c)
(x 2)2 = x
Soluci
on:
(a) x 2 = x 2 = x 2 = (x 2)2
= (x 2)(x 2 1) = 0
= x = 2 x = 3
Comprobando en la ecuacion original, se obtiene que, ambas son soluciones.
Por lo tanto, S = {2, 3}
p
(b) (x 2)2 = 3 = |x 2| = 3
= x 2 = 3 (x 2) = 3
= x = 5 x = 1
Comprobando en la ecuacion original, se obtiene que, ambas son soluciones.
Por lo tanto, S = {1, 5}
p
(c) (x 2)2 = x = |x 2| = x
= x 2 = x (x 2) = x
= 2 = 0 x = 1
= S1 = S2 = {x = 1}
Comprobando en la ecuacion original, se obtiene que, x = 1 es solucion.
Por lo tanto, S = {1}
Universidad de Talca
Contenidos
(a) 2x + 1 x = 1
(b) 4x + 1 2x 3 = 2
Soluci
on:
(a)
2x +1 x
2x + 1
2x + 1
2 x
4x
x=0
=1
= x+1
=x+2 x+1
=x
= x2
x=4
sumar x
elevar al cuadrado ()2
despejar 2 x
elevar al cuadrado ()2
Comprobaci
on:
x = 0:
2 0 + 1 0 = 1 = x = 0 es solucion
x = 4:
24+1
4 = 3 2 = 1 = x = 4 es solucion
Por lo tanto:
S = {0, 4}
(b)
4x + 1 2x 3 = 2
4x + 1 = 2x 3 +2
4x + 1 = 2x 3 + 4 2x 3 + 4
4 2x 3 = 2x
16(2x 3) = 4x2
x=6 x=2
sumar 2x 3
()2
despejar 4 3x 3
()2
Comprobaci
on:
x = 6:
4 6 + 1 2 6 3 = 2 = x = 6 es solucion
x = 2:
Por lo tanto:
42+1
2 2 3 = 2 = x = 2 es solucion
S = {2, 6}
Universidad de Talca
9. Resolver la ecuacion:
Contenidos
10
2 x + 16 3 x = 1
Soluci
on:
p
2
x
+
16
3
x
p
2 x + 16 3 x
2 x + 16
4(x + 16)
63 5x
36x
=1
=1
=3 x+1
= 9x + 6 x + 1
=6 x
= (63 5x)2
441
x = 9 x =
25
()2
sumar 3 x
()2
()2
Comprobaci
on:
x=
p9:
2 9 + 16 3 9 = 1 = x = 9 es solucion
441
x=
:
q 25
p
p
p
2 441/25 3 441/25 = 2 21/5 3 21/5 no es un n
umero real
441
= x =
no es solucion
25
Por lo tanto: S = {9}
1
9
+
+8=0
x6 x3
Soluci
on:
9
1
1
+ 3 +8 =0
sustituir 3 = u
6
x
x
x
u2 + 9u + 8 = 0
resolver la ecuacion
u = 8
u = 1
Universidad de Talca
Contenidos
1
= 8 = x = 1/2
x3
1
9
Comprobacion:
+
+8=0
(1/2)6 (1/2)3
11
Para u = 8:
1
= 1 = x = 1
x3
1
9
Comprobacion:
+
+ 8 = 0 =
(1)6 (1)3
x = 1/2 es solucion
Para u = 1:
Luego,
x = 1 es solucion
S = {1/2, 1}
1+x
11. Resolver la ecuacion: 5
x2
Soluci
on:
2
1+x
x
5
16
2
x2
1+x
16
5u
2
u
5u2 16 2u
u=2
x2
16
1+x
2=0
sustituir
=0
multiplicar por u
=0
u = 8/5
Para u = 2:
1+x
= 2 = 2x2 x 1 = 0
2
x
x = 1 x = 1/2
Para u = 8/5:
1+x
= 8/5 = 8x2 + 5x + 5 = 0
2
x
NO tiene soluciones reales
Comprobacion:
Luego,
S = {1/2, 1}
1+x
=u
x2
=0
Universidad de Talca
Contenidos
x2 6x 3 = 5
Soluci
on:
x2 6x x2 6x 3
x2 6x 3
x2 6x 3
u3
u3
u=7
12
=5
= x2 6x 5
= (x2 6x 5)2
= (u 5)2
= u2 10u + 25
u=4
despejar x2 6x 3
()2
sustituir x2 6x = u
resolver la ecuacion
Para u = 7:
x2 6x = 7 = x = 7, x = 1
Comprobacion: ambas son soluciones de la ecuacion original
Para u = 4:
x2 6x = 4 = x = 3 13
Comprobacion: estas no son soluciones de la ecuacion original
Luego,
S = {1, 7}
Universidad de Talca