Name

Date:

Course: Stamler/Yiu:
Community
Health Nursing:
A Canadian
Perspective,
Third Canadian
Edition

Test: Chapter 22

1.

Why are Aboriginal people in Canada a vulnerable population?

a.
More likely to take health for granted
b.
Live north of the 60th parallel
c.
More likely to have adverse health outcomes
d.
Live in a sensitive physical environment

2.

What was the purpose of the Northwest Coast tribes' traditional potlatch?
a.
Celebration marking the transition from boyhood to manhood
b.
The post-hunt community meal
c.
Ceremonial welcoming of a new life into the tribe
d.
Method of redistributing resources

3.

What does it mean to be a status Indian?

a.
Consider one's ethnic status to be Inuit
b.
Recognized Indian under the federal Indian Act and has a treaty number
c.
Has mixed heritage because one parent was Aboriginal and the other non-Aboriginal
d.
Culturally an Indian, but the individual's tribe did not sign a treaty

4.

What was the purpose of establishing First Nations health authorities?

a.
Force the provincial governments to give up control of First Nations health care
b.
Allow regional health authorities to absorb First Nations health care
c.
Ensure the federal government would always provide First Nations health care
d.
Prepare for the transfer of control of health services to First Nations

5.

What disease is currently epidemic among First Nations people?

a.
Breast cancer
b.
Trauma
c.
Diabetes
d.
Smallpox

6.

What would a nurse working in a First Nations community be prepared to do?

a.
Be an independent care provider needing few networks or contacts
b.
Work to reduce fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
c.
Work with preventable conditions such as typhoid
d.
Combat the effects of a long life expectancy among seniors

7.

What was the purpose of the White Paper in 1969?

a.
To recognize the Mtis Nation of Canada
b.
To set up the current reserve system
c.
To abolish treaties and the Indian Act
d.
To allow women who married non-Aboriginals to apply for status

8.

A nurse is working as a program planner for the federal department responsible for
managing the reserves and treaty Indians. What agency does the nurse work for?
a.
Public Health Agency of Canada
b.
Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development
c.
First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB)
d.
Health Canada

Name
:

Date:

Course: Stamler/Yiu:
Community
Health Nursing:
A Canadian
Perspective,
Third Canadian
Edition

Test: Chapter 22

9.

Mrs. Crowfoot attended a residential school in northern Alberta in the 1960s. What was
she likely to have experienced during this time?
a.
Regular visits from her parents
b.
Traditional language classes
c.
High-quality education
d.
Hunger

10.

Chapter 22 - Case 1
Spottedfawn, 55 years old, is an Aboriginal woman living on reserve in a rural northern
community. She is a survivor of the residential school experience.
(Refer to Case 1 above.) What level of education is Spottedfawn likely to have attained?
a.
Grade 7
b.
High school graduate
c.
Grade 11
d.
Grade 9

11.

Chapter 22 - Case 1
Spottedfawn, 55 years old, is an Aboriginal woman living on reserve in a rural northern
community. She is a survivor of the residential school experience.
(Refer to Case 1 above.) Spottedfawn lives with her extended family of 10 in a small
house. The adults in the home are all female. What health challenge is she most likely
trying to manage?
a.
Obesity
b.
Breast cancer
c.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
d.
Respiratory tract infection

12.

Chapter 22 - Case 1
Spottedfawn, 55 years old, is an Aboriginal woman living on reserve in a rural northern
community. She is a survivor of the residential school experience.
(Refer to Case 1 above.) A nurse is working with Spottedfawn. How can the nurse enhance
Spottedfawn's experience with the health care system?
a.
Affirming the client's personal and cultural identity
b.
Understanding the community's oral history
c.
Being informed of the values and norms of the community
d.
Using expert nursing knowledge to select appropriate resources for the client

Name
:

Date:

Course: Stamler/Yiu:
Community
Health Nursing:
A Canadian
Perspective,
Third Canadian
Edition

Test: Chapter 22

13.

A nurse is planning a presentation on diet and diabetes to a First Nations community.

What dissemination strategy would be most culturally appropriate?
a.
Incorporate experiential knowledge into the information session
b.
Have all pamphlets translated into the local language
c.
Provide the statistics for diabetes in First Nations communities
d.
Use family and community networks to share information

14.

Mathew is a nurse working in a remote First Nations community. The client is using
traditional medicine to treat a wound. Mathew is experiencing moral distress because he
believes that a Western therapy is required to treat the wound. How should Mathew
resolve his moral distress?
a.
Ask another nurse to take on this client so that Mathew does not have to compromise his
standards of practice
b.
Contact the Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada for guidance
c.
Transfer care to a Shaman or herbalist in keeping with the client's belief system
d.
Tell the client that Western medicine is needed because the wound is not healing with the
traditional approach

15.

Describe with examples three determinants of health that affect the health of First
Nations people.

16.

Discuss three significant changes that occurred in the health of Aboriginal people after
European contact.

17.

Discuss how First Nations people access acute health care services in their communities.
What is the federal government's role?

Activity Name: Chapter 22

1.

c. More likely to have adverse health outcomes

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Correct: This has occurred as a result not only of colonization, but also of the overwhelming poverty
found within many of the communities.
Incorrect: This is not the reason for being a vulnerable population.
Incorrect: Living above the 60th parallel is not the cause of being a vulnerable population.
Incorrect: There is no evidence that this is true.
Hints:

2.

d. Method of redistributing resources

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: The potlatch was to share food resources among community members.
Correct: This was the purpose of the potlatch.
Incorrect: Any less fortunate members of the band were provided sustenance by the whole group
through the potlatch.
Incorrect: Sharing of resources through the potlatch was expected and ensured the survival of the
community.
Hints:

3.

b. Recognized Indian under the federal Indian Act and has a treaty number
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: This is not the criterion for being a status Indian.
Incorrect: This statement describes a non-status Indian.
Correct: The individual is recognized under the Indian Act and has a unique registration number.
Incorrect: This is not a definition of what it means to be a status Indian.
Hints:

4.

d. Prepare for the transfer of control of health services to First Nations

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: The federal government is transferring community-based health services to First Nations
health authorities.
Incorrect: This is not the reason for establishing First Nations health authorities.
Incorrect: Regional health authorities are not managing community-based health services for First
Nations communities.
Correct: This is the purpose of the First Nations health authorities.
Hints:

5.

c. Diabetes
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: Smallpox was an issue when Europeans first arrived in Canada.
Incorrect: Cancer rates are climbing in Aboriginal populations but it is not an epidemic.
Incorrect: Trauma is high on the list of health issues besetting Aboriginal populations but trauma is
not a disease.
Correct: Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in Aboriginal communities.
Hints:

6.

b. Work to reduce fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Correct: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are overrepresented among Aboriginal populations.
Incorrect: The nurse would need to network with a variety of health professionals.
Incorrect: Typhoid is not the primary issue in First Nations communities.
Incorrect: This is not an issue.
Hints:

7.

c. To abolish treaties and the Indian Act

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: The amendment to the Indian Act in 1985 and passing of Bill C-31 dealt with this issue.
Incorrect: The purpose of the White Paper was to abolish the Indian Act and treaties.
Correct: The purpose was to abolish the treaties and the Indian Act and disassemble the government
departments responsible for reserves and treaty Indians.
Incorrect: The Indian Act of 1876 established the reserve system.
Hints:

8.

b. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: This agency protects the health and safety of Canadians through the prevention of chronic
disease and injuries, and public health emergencies.
Incorrect: FNIHB provides nursing services for home care clients.
Incorrect: Health Canada has a broader mandate that protects the health of all Canadians.
Correct: The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is the government department
responsible for managing the reserves and the treaty Indians.
Hints:

9.

d. Hunger
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: There was intentional separation from visiting parents.
Correct: Children often went hungry and some report being forced to steal food from the kitchens.
Incorrect: The teaching staff at the schools had no professional training and the education was
substandard.
Incorrect: Cultural degradation practices occurred, including physical and emotional abuse for
speaking a traditional language.
Hints:

10.

a. Grade 7
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Correct: About 44% of older adult Aboriginals (50-64 years) have less than a grade 9 education.
Incorrect: The effects of the residential school legacy are that many Aboriginals have less than a
grade 9 education.
Incorrect: This is too high.
Incorrect: This is unlikely as 44% of older Aboriginals who went to residential schools have less than a
grade 9 education.
Hints:

11.

a. Obesity
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: Living in crowded housing contributes to the spread of respiratory diseases but it is the
children who are at greatest risk for this health challenge
Incorrect: Research has shown that of First Nations women living on reserves, 56% live in smoke-free
homes.
Correct: First Nations women are more likely to be obese or morbidly obese, leading to other health
problems such as diabetes and hypertension.
Incorrect: Although cancer rates are on the rise in First Nations communities, Spottedfawn is more
likely to be dealing with obesity.
Hints:

12.

a. Affirming the client's personal and cultural identity

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Correct: Positive encounters with the health care system were situations where the women received
affirmation of personal and cultural identity.
Incorrect: This is an excellent strategy for getting to know the community as a whole, but the nurse
must provide individualized care appropriate for Spottedfawn.
Incorrect: Spottedfawn may not hold the same values and norms as the community.
Incorrect: Positive encounters were situations where the women were active participants in health
care decisions.
Hints:

13.

d. Use family and community networks to share information

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: Although using culturally appropriate icons, symbols, and language in messages is
important, it is unlikely that the whole community can read or understand the traditional language.
Incorrect: The most important mode of information sharing is through family and community
networks.
Incorrect: This is a Western-based strategy.
Correct: This is the most important mode of information sharing in Aboriginal communities.
Hints:

14.

b. Contact the Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada for guidance

Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Multiple Choice Questions
Feedback:
Incorrect: This is imposing the nurse's will on to the client and is inappropriate.
Correct: The Aboriginal Nurses Association provides support to nurses practising in First Nations
communities and will have resources to assist Mathew.
Incorrect: In a remote community there may not be another nurse and this is not an effective way for
Mathew to resolve his moral distress.
Incorrect: The nurse may want to consult with other resources but this will not resolve the issue of
moral distress for Mathew.
Hints:

15.

- income and social status: most people live in poverty and are discriminated against within the larger
Canadian society
- education: lower education levels and access to culturally appropriate education
- biology and genetics: genetic predisposition to alcoholism and diabetes
- healthy childhood development: high rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
- social support networks: residential schools left many families without parenting role models
- working conditions: high unemployment and potentially dangerous traditional work, e.g., hunting
- physical environments: substandard housing
- gender: high percentage of women-headed single families
- culture: loss of cultural practices and language
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Essay Questions
Feedback:
Hints:

16.

- Communicable diseases decimated the population.

- Resources became scarce, leading to starvation and malnutrition.
- Alcohol was introduced, adding to the misery.
- They were relegated to living on reserves, often with poor-quality land and resources.
- They became dependent on Indian agents for all aspects of their livelihood.
- Churches took children away to residential schools filled with sexual abuse and violence.
- Aboriginal cultures and languages were nearly destroyed, with only a few surviving.
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Essay Questions
Feedback:
Hints:

17.

- First Nations people access acute health care through the greater Canadian health care system,
primarily because hospitals are a provincial responsibility.
- The more remote and isolated communities will have more comprehensive health care, including
short-term acute care.
- There are few Indian hospitals still run by the federal government.
- FNIHB funds and/or provides any health services for First Nations people living on reserve.
- First Nations people who live off reserve access services through the local health regions and the
province then asks the federal government for reimbursement.
- FNIHB has regional branches in each province with policy planned in Ottawa.
Learning Objective:
Chapter 22 Essay Questions
Feedback:
Hints: