Victorian CertiÞcate of Education

2007

FURTHER MATHEMATICS
Written examination 1
Monday 5 November 2007

Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes)

Writing time: 12.00 noon to 1.30 pm (1 hour 30 minutes)

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION BOOK

Structure of book
Section Number of Number of questions Number of Number of modules Number of
questions to be answered modules to be answered marks
A 13 13 13
B 54 27 6 3 27
Total 40

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers,
sharpeners, rulers, one bound reference, one approved graphics calculator or approved CAS
calculator or CAS software and, if desired, one scientiÞc calculator. Calculator memory DOES NOT
need to be cleared.
• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white
out liquid/tape.
Materials supplied
• Question book of 42 pages with a detachable sheet of miscellaneous formulas in the centrefold.
• Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions.
• Working space is provided throughout the book.
Instructions
• Detach the formula sheet from the centre of this book during reading time.
• Check that your name and student number as printed on your answer sheet for multiple-choice
questions are correct, and sign your name in the space provided to verify this.
• Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.
At the end of the examination
• You may keep this question book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.
© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2007
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 2

This page is blank

 3 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Working space

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 4

SECTION A

Instructions for Section A

Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions.
Choose the response that is correct for the question.
A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0.
Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

Core – Data analysis

The following information relates to Questions 1 and 2.

The dot plot below shows the distribution of the number of bedrooms in each of 21 apartments advertised for
sale in a new high-rise apartment block.

1 2 3 4 5
number of bedrooms

Question 1
The mode of this distribution is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 7
E. 8

Question 2
The median of this distribution is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

SECTION A – continued
 5 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 3
A student obtains a mark of 56 on a test for which the mean mark is 67 and the standard deviation is 10.2.
The student’s standardised mark (standard z-score) is closest to
A. –1.08
B. –1.01
C. 1.01
D. 1.08
E. 49.4

Question 4
The length of 3-month-old baby boys is approximately normally distributed with a mean of 61.1 cm and a
standard deviation of 1.6 cm.
The percentage of 3-month-old baby boys with length greater than 59.5 cm is closest to
A. 5%
B. 16%
C. 68%
D. 84%
E. 95%

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 6

The following information relates to Questions 5 and 6.

Samples of jellyÞsh were selected from two different locations, A and B. The diameter (in mm) of each jellyÞsh
was recorded and the resulting data is summarised in the boxplots shown below.

location A

location B

0 5 10 15 20 25
diameter of jellyfish (mm)

Question 5
The percentage of jellyÞsh taken from location A with a diameter greater than 14 mm is closest to
A. 2%
B. 5%
C. 25%
D. 50%
E. 75%

Question 6
From the boxplots, it can be concluded that the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location A are generally
A. similar to the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location B.
B. less than the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location B and less variable.
C. less than the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location B and more variable.
D. greater than the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location B and less variable.
E. greater than the diameters of the jellyÞsh taken from location B and more variable.

SECTION A – continued
 7 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

The following information relates to Questions 7 and 8.

The lengths and diameters (in mm) of a sample of jellyÞsh selected from another location were recorded and
displayed in the scatterplot below. The least squares regression line for this data is shown.

20

18

16

14
length (mm)
12

10

6
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
diameter (mm)

The equation of the least squares regression line is

length = 3.5 + 0.87 × diameter

The correlation coefÞcient is r = 0.9034

Question 7
Written as a percentage, the coefÞcient of determination is closest to
A. 0.816%
B. 0.903%
C. 81.6%
D. 90.3%
E. 95.0%

Question 8
From the equation of the least squares regression line, it can be concluded that for these jellyÞsh, on average
A. there is a 3.5 mm increase in diameter for each 1 mm increase in length.
B. there is a 3.5 mm increase in length for each 1 mm increase in diameter.
C. there is a 0.87 mm increase in diameter for each 1 mm increase in length.
D. there is a 0.87 mm increase in length for each 1 mm increase in diameter.
E. there is a 4.37 mm increase in diameter for each 1 mm increase in length.

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 8

Question 9
A student uses the following data to construct the scatterplot shown below.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 12 25 33 58 98 168 345 397 869

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

To linearise the scatterplot, she applies a log y transformation; that is, a log transformation is applied to the
y-axis scale.
She then Þts a least squares regression line to the transformed data.
With x as the independent variable, the equation of this least squares regression line is closest to
A. log y = –217 + 88.0 x
B. log y = –3.8 + 4.4 x
C. log y = 3.1 + 0.008 x
D. log y = 0.88 + 0.23 x
E. log y = 1.58 + 0.002 x

Question 10
The relationship between the variables

size of car (1 = small, 2 = medium, 3 = large)

and
salary level (1 = low, 2 = medium, 3 = high)
is best displayed using
A. a scatterplot.
B. a histogram.
C. parallel boxplots.
D. a back-to-back stemplot.
E. a percentaged segmented bar chart.

SECTION A – continued
 9 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

The following information relates to Questions 11, 12 and 13.

The time series plot below shows the revenue from sales (in dollars) each month made by a Queensland souvenir
shop over a three-year period.

20 000

15 000

revenue (dollars) 10 000

5 000

0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36
month

Question 11
This time series plot indicates that, over the three-year period, revenue from sales each month showed
A. no overall trend.
B. no correlation.
C. positive skew.
D. an increasing trend only.
E. an increasing trend with seasonal variation.

Question 12
A three median trend line is Þtted to this data.
Its slope (in dollars per month) is closest to
A. 125
B. 146
C. 167
D. 188
E. 255

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 10

Question 13
The revenue from sales (in dollars) each month for the Þrst year of the three-year period is shown below.

Month Revenue ($)

January 1236
February 1567
March 1240
April 2178
May 2308
June 2512
July 3510
August 4234
September 4597
October 4478
November 7034
December 8978

If this information is used to determine the seasonal index for each month, the seasonal index for September
will be closest to
A. 0.80
B. 0.82
C. 1.16
D. 1.22
E. 1.26

END OF SECTION A
 11 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

SECTION B

Instructions for Section B

Select three modules and answer all questions within the modules selected in pencil on the answer
sheet provided for multiple-choice questions.
Show the modules you are answering by shading the matching boxes on your multiple-choice answer
sheet.
Choose the response that is correct for the question.
A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0.
Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.

Module Page
Module 1: Number patterns 12
Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry 16
Module 3: Graphs and relations 21
Module 4: Business-related mathematics 26
Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics 30
Module 6: Matrices 36

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 12

Module 1: Number patterns

Before answering these questions you must shade the Number patterns box on the answer sheet for
multiple-choice questions.

Question 1
For the geometric sequence

24, 6, 1.5…
the common ratio of the sequence is
A. –18
B. 0.25
C. 0.5
D. 4
E. 18

Question 2
The yearly membership of a club follows an arithmetic sequence.
In the club’s Þrst year it had 15 members.
In its third year it had 29 members.
How many members will the club have in the fourth year?
A. 8
B. 22
C. 36
D. 43
E. 57

Question 3
The difference equation

tn + 1 = atn + 6 where t1 = 5
generates the sequence

5, 21, 69, 213…

The value of a is
A. –1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 15
E. 16

SECTION B – Module 1: Number patterns – continued

 13 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

The following information relates to Questions 4 and 5.

The number of waterfowl living in a wetlands area has decreased by 4% each year since 2003.
At the start of 2003 the number of waterfowl was 680.

Question 4
If this percentage decrease continues at the same rate, the number of waterfowl in the wetlands area at the start
of 2008 will be closest to
A. 532
B. 544
C. 554
D. 571
E. 578

Question 5
Wn is the number of waterfowl at the start of the nth year.
Let W1 = 680.
The rule for a difference equation that can be used to model the number of waterfowl in the wetlands area over
time is
A. Wn + 1 = Wn – 0.04n
B. Wn + 1 = 1.04 Wn
C. Wn + 1 = 0.04 Wn
D. Wn + 1 = –0.04 Wn
E. Wn + 1 = 0.96 Wn

Question 6
In the Þrst three layers of a stack of soup cans there are 20 cans in the Þrst layer, 19 cans in the second layer
and 18 cans in the third layer.

third layer

second layer

first layer

This pattern of stacking cans in layers continues.

The maximum number of cans that can be stacked in this way is
A. 190
B. 210
C. 220
D. 380
E. 590

SECTION B – Module 1: Number patterns – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 14

Question 7
The Þrst term, t1 , of a geometric sequence is positive.
The common ratio of this sequence is negative.
A graph that could represent the Þrst Þve terms of this sequence is

A. B.
tn tn
4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

0 n 0 n
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

C. D.
tn tn
4 4
3
3 2
1
2 0 n
1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
1 –2
–3
0 n –4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

E.
tn

4
3
2
1
0 n
1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–3
–4

SECTION B – Module 1: Number patterns – continued

 15 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 8
The Þrst four terms of a sequence are

12, 18, 30, 54

A difference equation that generates this sequence is
A. tn + 1 = tn + 6 t1 = 12
B. tn + 1 = 1.5tn t1 = 12
C. tn + 1 = 0.5tn + 12 t1 = 12
D. tn + 1 = 2tn – 6 t1 = 12
E. tn + 2 = tn + 1 + tn t1 = 12, t2 = 18

Question 9
At the end of the Þrst day of a volcanic eruption, 15 km2 of forest was destroyed.
At the end of the second day, an additional 13.5 km2 of forest was destroyed.
At the end of the third day, an additional 12.15 km2 of forest was destroyed.
The total area of the forest destroyed by the volcanic eruption continues to increase in this way.
In square kilometres, the total amount of forest destroyed by the volcanic eruption at the end of the fourteenth
day is closest to
A. 116
B. 119
C. 150
D. 179
E. 210

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 16

Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry

Before answering these questions you must shade the Geometry and trigonometry box on the answer
sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Question 1

6m
8m
°

10 m

For the triangle shown, the value of cos θ ° is equal to

6
A.
10
6
B.
8
8
C.
10
10
D.
8
8
E.
6

Question 2

37°
A 2200 m C

For an observer on the ground at A, the angle of elevation of a weather balloon at B is 37°.
C is a point on the ground directly under the balloon. The distance AC is 2200 m.
To the nearest metre, the height of the weather balloon above the ground is
A. 1324 m
B. 1658 m
C. 1757 m
D. 2919 m
E. 3655 m

SECTION B – Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry – continued

 17 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 3
A rectangle is 3.79 m wide and has a perimeter of 24.50 m.
Correct to one decimal place, the length of the diagonal of this rectangle is
A. 9.2 m
B. 9.3 m
C. 12.2 m
D. 12.3 m
E. 12.5 m

Question 4
A steel beam used for constructing a building has a cross-sectional area of 0.048 m2 as shown.
The beam is 12 m long.

12 m
area of cross
section 0.048 m2

In cubic metres, the volume of this steel beam is closest to

A. 0.576
B. 2.5
C. 2.63
D. 57.6
E. 2 500

Question 5
A block of land has an area of 4000 m2.
When represented on a map, this block of land has an area of 10 cm2.
On the map 1 cm would represent an actual distance of
A. 10 m
B. 20 m
C. 40 m
D. 400 m
E. 4000 m

SECTION B – Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 18

Question 6
A solid cylinder has a height of 30 cm and a diameter of 40 cm.
A hemisphere is cut out of the top of the cylinder as shown below.

30 cm

40 cm

In square centimetres, the total surface area of the remaining solid (including its base) is closest to
A. 1 260
B. 2 510
C. 6 280
D. 7 540
E. 10 050

Question 7
A closed cubic box of side length 36 cm is to contain a thin straight metal rod.
The maximum possible length of the rod is closest to
A. 36 cm
B. 51 cm
C. 62 cm
D. 108 cm
E. 216 cm

SECTION B – Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry – continued

 19 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 8

contour interval = 50 m
Y
50 100 150 200
50 100 250
X

For the contour map shown above, the cross section along the line segment XY could be

A. B. Y

Y
X
X

C. D.
X
Y

X Y

E.
X
Y

SECTION B – Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 20

Question 9
The points M, N and P form the vertices of a triangular course for a yacht race.
MN = MP = 4 km.
The bearing of N from M is 070°
The bearing of P from M is 180°
Three people perform different calculations to determine the length of NP in kilometres.

Graeme NP = 16 + 16 − 2 × 4 × 4 × cos110!

Shelley NP = 2 × 4 × cos 35°

4 × sin 110!
Tran NP =
sin 35!
The correct length of NP would be found by
A. Graeme only.
B. Tran only.
C. Graeme and Shelley only.
D. Graeme and Tran only.
E. Graeme, Shelley and Tran.

SECTION B – continued
 21 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Module 3: Graphs and relations

Before answering these questions you must shade the Graphs and relations box on the answer sheet for
multiple-choice questions.

Question 1

(2, 1)

x
O

The line above passes through the origin and the point (2, 1).
The slope of this line is
A. –2

B. –1
1
C. −
2
1
D.
2

E. 2

Question 2
A builder’s fee, C dollars, can be determined from the rule C = 60 + 55n, where n represents the number of
hours worked.
According to this rule, the builder’s fee will be
A. $60 for 1 hour of work.
B. $110 for 2 hours of work.
C. $500 for 8 hours of work.
D. $550 for 10 hours of work.
E. $1150 for 10 hours of work.

SECTION B – Module 3: Graphs and relations – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 22

Question 3

35

30

25

temperature
(degrees Celsius) 20

15

10

0
8.00 am 12.00 pm 4.00 pm 8.00 pm 12.00 am
time of day

The graph above represents the temperature, in degrees Celsius, over a 16-hour period.
During this period, the minimum temperature occurred at
A. 8.00 am
B. 1.20 pm
C. 4.15 pm
D. 7.45 pm
E. 12.00 am

Question 4
Paul makes rulers. There is a Þxed cost of $60 plus a manufacturing cost of $0.20 per ruler.
Last week Paul was able to break even by selling his rulers for $1 each.
The number of rulers Paul sold last week was
A. 50
B. 75
C. 90
D. 120
E. 150

SECTION B – Module 3: Graphs and relations – continued

 23 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 5

cost ($)

30

25

20

15

10

0 time (hours)
0 1 2 3 4

The cost of hiring one motorbike for up to 4 hours is shown in the graph above.
Two motorbikes were hired.
The total charge for hiring the two motorbikes was $45.
The time for which each motorbike was hired could have been
A. 1 hour and 2 hours.
B. 1 hour and 3 hours.
C. 1.5 hours and 2 hours.
D. 1.5 hours and 3 hours.
E. 2 hours and 3.5 hours.

Question 6
Russell is a wine producer. He makes both red and white wine.
Let x represent the number of bottles of red wine he makes and y represent the number of bottles of white wine
he makes.
This year he plans to make at least twice as many bottles of red wine as white wine.
An inequality representing this situation is
A. y ≤ x + 2

B. y ≤ 2x

C. y ≥ 2x

D. x ≤ 2y

E. x ≥ 2y

SECTION B – Module 3: Graphs and relations – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 24

Question 7

(3, 1)

x3
O

The graph above shows a relationship between y and x3.

The graph that shows the same relationship between y and x is

A. B.
y y

(1, 3) (3, 1)

x x
O O

C. D.
y y

� 1� �1 �
� 1, � � , 1�
� 3� �3 �

x x
O O

E.
y

(27, 1)

x
O

SECTION B – Module 3: Graphs and relations – continued

 25 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 8
Which one of the following pairs of simultaneous linear equations has no solution?
A. 3x – y = 5
4x + y = 9

B. 2x – y = 1
4x – 2y = 3

C. x + 3y = 0
2x – y = 7

D. x – 3y = 10
3x + 2y = 8

E. 4x + y = –6
2x – y = 0

Question 9
The following Þve constraints apply to a linear programming problem.

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≥ 50, x + y ≤ 100, y ≤ x

In the diagram below, the shaded region (with boundaries included) represents the feasible region for this linear
programming problem.

(50, 50)
(25, 25)

x
O (50, 0) (100, 0)

The aim is to maximise the objective function Z = 2x + ky.

If the maximum value of Z occurs only at the point (100, 0), then a possible value for k is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 26

Module 4: Business-related mathematics

Before answering these questions you must shade the Business-related mathematics box on the answer
sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Question 1
An agent charged $20 commission for selling a rare book for $500.
What percentage of the selling price is the commission?
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 20%
D. 25%
E. 40%

Question 2
A car is valued at $30 000 when new.
Its value is depreciated by 25 cents for each kilometre it travels.
The number of kilometres the car travels before its value depreciates to $8 000 is
A. 32 000
B. 55 000
C. 88 000
D. 120 000
E. 550 000

Question 3
A sum of money is invested in an account paying simple interest at a rate of 8% per annum.
The total interest earned on this investment over 6 years is $27 000.
The sum of money invested is
A. $12 960
B. $45 000
C. $56 250
D. $202 500
E. $337 500

SECTION B – Module 4: Business-related mathematics – continued

 27 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 4
The price of a property purchased in 2006 was $200 000.
Stamp duty was paid on this purchase according to the schedule below.
Price range Rate
$0 – $20 000 1.4 per cent of the price of the property
$20 001 – $115 000 $280 plus 2.4 per cent of the price in excess of $20 000
$115 001 – $868 000 $2 560 plus 6 per cent of the price in excess of $115 000
More than $868 000 5.5 per cent of the price

The amount of stamp duty paid was

A. $2560
B. $2800
C. $5100
D. $7660
E. $9460

SECTION B – Module 4: Business-related mathematics – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 28

Question 5
A new kitchen in a restaurant cost $50 000. Its value is depreciated over time using the reducing balance
method.
The value of the kitchen in dollars at the end of each year for ten years is shown in the graph below.

50 000

40 000

value
(dollars) 30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
year

Which one of the following statements is true?

A. The kitchen depreciates by $4000 annually.
B. At the end of Þve years, the kitchen’s value is less than $20 000.
C. The reducing balance depreciation rate is less than 5% per annum.
D. The annual depreciation rate increases over time.
E. The amount of depreciation each year decreases over time.

Question 6
$10 000 is invested at a rate of 10% per annum compounding half yearly.
The value, in dollars, of this investment after Þve years, is given by
A. 10 000 × 0.10 × 5
B. 10 000 × 0.05 × 10
C. 10 000 × 0.0510
D. 10 000 × 1.0510
E. 10 000 × 1.105

SECTION B – Module 4: Business-related mathematics – continued

 29 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 7
At the start of each year Joe’s salary increases to take inßation into account.
Inßation averaged 2% per annum last year and 3% per annum the year before that.
Joe’s salary this year is $42 000.
Joe’s salary two years ago, correct to the nearest dollar, would have been
A. $39 900
B. $39 925
C. $39 926
D. $39 976
E. $39 977

Question 8
Brad investigated the cost of buying a $720 washing machine under a hire purchase agreement.
A deposit of $180 is required and the balance will be paid in 24 equal monthly repayments.
A ßat interest rate of 12% per annum applies to the balance.
Brad correctly calculated the monthly repayment to be
A. $22.50
B. $25.20
C. $26.10
D. $27.90
E. $29.70

Question 9
Petra borrowed $250 000 to buy a home. The interest rate is 7% per annum, calculated monthly on the reducing
balance over the life of the loan. She will fully repay the loan over 20 years with equal monthly instalments.
The total amount of interest she will pay on the loan is closest to
A. $215 000
B. $266 000
C. $281 000
D. $350 000
E. $465 000

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 30

Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics

Before answering these questions you must shade the Networks and decision mathematics box on the
answer sheet for multiple-choice questions.

Question 1

A mathematical term that could not be used to describe the graph shown above is
A. complete.
B. planar.
C. simple.
D. undirected.
E. tree.

Question 2
A connected planar graph has 12 edges.
This graph could have
A. 5 vertices and 6 faces.
B. 5 vertices and 8 faces.
C. 6 vertices and 8 faces.
D. 6 vertices and 9 faces.
E. 7 vertices and 9 faces.

SECTION B – Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics – continued

 31 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 3
Consider the following graph.

A
C

An adjacency matrix that could be used to represent this graph is

A. 0 2 0 1 B. 0 2 0 1
2 0 1 
 0 1 1   0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
   
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

C. 0 1 0 1 D. 0 2 0 1
2 0 1
 0 0 1   1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
   
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

E. 1 2 0 1
2 1 0 1 

0 1 1 0
 
0 0 1 1

SECTION B – Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 32

Question 4
The following network shows the distances, in kilometres, along a series of roads that connect town A to
town B.
4
6

3
1 6 5
8
7

8 4 2
town A town B
2 9
4 3
3 6
1

The shortest distance, in kilometres, to travel from town A to town B is

A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12
E. 13

SECTION B – Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics – continued

 33 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Questions 5 and 6 relate to the following information.

The following network shows the activities that are needed to complete a project and their completion times
(in hours).

E, 3

A, 2 J, 6
H, 2

start finish
B, 1 F, 4 K, 7 L, 2
D, 0
C, 5 I, 1

G, 2

Question 5
Which one of the following statements regarding this project is false?
A. Activities A, B and C all have the same earliest start time.
B. There is only one critical path for this project.
C. Activity J may start later than activity H.
D. The shortest path gives the minimum time for project completion.
E. Activity L must be on the critical path.

Question 6
The earliest start time for activity L, in hours, is
A. 11
B. 12
C. 14
D. 15
E. 16

SECTION B – Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 34

Question 7
The minimal spanning tree for the network below includes two edges with weightings x and y.

y x
5

6 2

1
6 6

The length of the minimal spanning tree is 19.

The values of x and y could be
A. x = 1 and y = 7
B. x = 2 and y = 5
C. x = 3 and y = 5
D. x = 4 and y = 5
E. x = 5 and y = 6

SECTION B – Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics – continued

 35 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Questions 8 and 9 relate to the following information.

There are Þve teams, A, B, C, D and E, in a volleyball competition. Each team played each other team once in
2007.
The results are summarised in the directed graph below. An arrow from A to E signiÞes that A defeated E.

A C

E D
Question 8
In 2007, the team that had the highest number of two-step dominances was
A. team A
B. team B
C. team C
D. team D
E. team E

Question 9
In 2008, two new teams, F and G, will join the competition.
As in 2007, each team will play every other team once.
Compared to 2007, the number of extra games that will be played in 2008 will be
A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 21
E. 42

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 36

Module 6: Matrices

Before answering these questions you must shade the Matrices box on the answer sheet for multiple-
choice questions.

Question 1
0 −4   5 4
The matrix sum   +   is equal to
2 5  −2 2 
A. 5 0  B. 0 0 
0 7  0 7 
   

C. 5 −4  D. 0 5 −4 4 
0 7  2 −2 5 2 
 

E. 0 −4 5 4
2 5 −2 2 


Question 2
The number of tourists visiting three towns, Oldtown, Newtown and Twixtown, was recorded for three years.
The data is summarised in the table below.

2004 2005 2006

Oldtown 975 1002 1390
Newtown 2105 1081 1228
Twixtown 610 1095 1380

The 3 × 1 matrix that could be used to show the number of tourists visiting the three towns in the year 2005 is

A. [975 1002 1390] B. [1002 1081 1095]

C.  975  D. 1002 
1002  1081
   
1390  1095 

E.  975 1002 1390 

 2105 1081 1228 
 
 610 1095 1380 

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

 37 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 3
8 4  5 6
If A =   and the product AX =   then X is
5 3  8 10 

A.  24 − 14  B.  −4.25 −5.5
13 −7.5   9.75 12.5
   

C.  −3.75 7  D.  25 11 
 −6.5 12   − 19.5
   − 8.5

E. 0.625 1.5 
 1.6 3.333


Question 4
Consider the following system of three simultaneous linear equations.

2x + z = 5
x – 2y = 0
y – z = –1
This system of equations can be written in matrix form as

A. 2 1  x   5  B. 2 0 1  x   5 
1 −2   y  =  0  1 −2 0   y  =  0 
     
1 −1  z   −1  0 1 −1   z   −1

C. 2 1 5  x   5  D. 2 1 0  x   5
1 −2 0   y  =  0  1 −2 0   y  =  0 
         
1 −1 −1  z   −1 1 −1 0   z   −1

E.  2 1  5   x 
1 −2   0  =  y 
    
1 −1   −1  z 

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 38

Question 5
An international mathematics competition is conducted in three sections – Junior, Intermediate and Senior.
There are money prizes for gold, silver and bronze levels of achievement in each of these sections.
Table 1 shows the number of students who were awarded prizes in each section.

Table 1 – Number of students awarded prizes

Achievement level Junior Intermediate Senior
Gold 21 12 10
Silver 16 18 14
Bronze 21 26 24

Table 2 shows the value, in dollars, of each prize.

Table 2 – Value of prizes ($)

Achievement level Junior Intermediate Senior
Gold 75 100 200
Silver 25 40 80
Bronze 10 15 20

A matrix product that gives the total value of all the Silver prizes that were awarded is

16 
A. [ 25 40 80] 18 B. [ 25 40 80][16 18 14]
14 

C. 16   25 D. 16 

18   40  18  25 40 80
    [ ]
14  80  14 

E. 16 
[100 40 15] 18
14 

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

 39 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 6
A colony of fruit bats feeds nightly at three different locations, A, B and C.
Initially, the number of bats from the colony feeding at each of the locations was as follows.

Location Number of bats

A 1568
B 1105
C 894

The bats change feeding locations according to the following transition matrix T.

this night
A B C
0.8 0.1 0.2  A
T =  0.1 0.6 0.1 B next night
 0.1 0.3 0.7  C

If this pattern of feeding continues, the number of bats feeding at location A in the long term will be closest
to
A. 1254
B. 1543
C. 1568
D. 1605
E. 1725

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 40

Question 7
Each year, a family always goes on its holiday to one of three places; Portland (P), Quambatook (Q) or
Rochester (R).
They never go to the same place two years in a row. For example, if they went to Portland one year, they would
not go to Portland the next year; they would go to Quambatook or Rochester instead.
A transition matrix that can be used to model this situation is

A. This year B. This year

P Q R P Q R
P 1 0 0 P 0 1 0
0 0  0.9
Next year Q  1 Next year Q  0 0 
R  0 0 1  R  0.1 0 1 

C. This year D. This year

P Q R P Q R
P 0 0.3 0.8 P 0 0.2 0 
 0.3 0.4 0.2   0.3 0
Next year Q   Next year Q  0.8
R 0.7 0.3 0  R 0.5 0.6 0 

E. This year
P Q R
P 0 0 0.1
Next year Q 0.5 0 0.9 

R 0.5 1 0 

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

 41 2007 FURMATH EXAM 1

Question 8
Kerry sat for a multiple-choice test consisting of six questions.
Each question had four alternative answers, A, B, C or D.
He selected D for his answer to the Þrst question.
He then determined the answers to the remaining questions by following the transition matrix

This question
A B C D
A 1 0 1 0
B 0 0 0 1 
Next question 
C 0 1 0 0
 
D 0 0 0 0

The answers that he gave to the six test questions, starting with D, were

A.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer D B C A D B

B.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer D B C A A A

C.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer D B C A C A

D.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer D A C B D D

E.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer D C B A B C

SECTION B – Module 6: Matrices – continued

TURN OVER
2007 FURMATH EXAM 1 42

Question 9
Matrix M is a 3 × 4 matrix.
Matrix P has Þve rows.
N is another matrix.
If the matrix product

M (NP) = ,

then the order of matrix N is

A. 3 × 5
B. 5 × 3
C. 4 × 5
D. 5 × 4
E. 5 × 5

END OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION BOOK

 FURTHER MATHEMATICS

Written examinations 1 and 2

FORMULA SHEET

Directions to students
Detach this formula sheet during reading time.
This formula sheet is provided for your reference.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2007

FURMATH EX 1 & 2 2

Further Mathematics Formulas

Core: Data analysis

x−x
standardised score: z=
sx
sy
least squares line: y = a + bx where b = r and a = y − bx
sx
residual value: residual value = actual value – predicted value

actual figure
seasonal index: seasonal index =
deseasonalised figure

Module 1: Number patterns

n n
arithmetic series: a + (a + d ) + … + (a + (n – 1)d ) =  2a + ( n − 1) d  = ( a + l )
2 2

2 n–1 a (1 − r n )
geometric series: a + ar + ar + … + ar = ,r≠1
1− r
a
inÞnite geometric series: a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + … = , r <1
1− r

Module 2: Geometry and trigonometry

1
area of a triangle: bc sin A
2
1
Heron’s formula: A= s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c) where s = (a + b + c)
2
circumference of a circle: 2π r

area of a circle: π r2
4 3
volume of a sphere: πr
3

surface area of a sphere: 4π r 2

1 2
volume of a cone: πr h
3

volume of a cylinder: π r 2h

volume of a prism: area of base × height

1
volume of a pyramid: area of base × height
3
 3 FURMATH EX 1 & 2

Pythagoras’ theorem: c2 = a2 + b2
a b c
sine rule: = =
sin A sin B sin C
cosine rule: c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C

Module 3: Graphs and relations

Straight line graphs
y2 − y1
gradient (slope): m=
x2 − x1
equation: y = mx + c

Module 4: Business-related mathematics

PrT
simple interest: I=
100
r
compound interest: A = PRn where R = 1 +
100
2n
hire purchase: effective rate of interest ≈ × flat rate
n +1

Module 5: Networks and decision mathematics

Euler’s formula: v+f=e+2

Module 6: Matrices

a b a b
determinant of a 2 × 2 matrix: A= ; det A = = ad − bc
c d  c d

1  d −b 
inverse of a 2 × 2 matrix: A−1 = where det A ≠ 0
det A  −c a 

END OF FORMULA SHEET